牛津译林版（2019）必修三Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world Welcome and reading课件(共81张PPT)

(共81张PPT)
Unit 4
Scientists who changed the world
What qualities do you think a scientist should have from the quote
What other qualities a scientist should have
Patient
qualities
Courageous
Creative
Persistent
Thoughtful
Hard-working
Objective
…
Can you list some scientists with these qualities
有耐心的
有创意的
勤勉的
勇敢的
客观的
坚持不懈的
深思熟虑的
Stephen Hawking
Tu Youyou
Noble Prize winner
Isaac Newton
Qian Xuesen
The Father of China Aerospace（航空）
Hydrogen bomb
atomic bomb
Man-made satellite
Charles Darwin
He is the founder of evolution.
His theory states that animals and
humans shared a common ancestry
The Origin of Species
What other great scientists do you know of
What other great scientists do you know of
物种起源
他是进化论的创始人
他的理论认为动物和人类有共同的祖先
Marie
Curie
In 1898 she discovered radium.
She received two Nobel Prize, one
(with Pierre Curie) for physics (1903)
and one for chemistry (1911).
她获得过两次诺贝尔奖，一次
(与皮埃尔·居里合作) 物理学(1903年)
化学(1911)。
1898年，她发现了镭。
Albert Einstein
He was born in Germany on 14 March 1879.
He is considered one of the most influential scientists of the 20th century.
He developed the special and general theories of relativity.
他提出了狭义相对论和广义相对论。
他被认为是20世纪最有影响力的科学家之一
Yuan Longping
The Father of Hybrid rice（杂交水稻）
Super rice
born in 1930.9.7,Beijing. died in 2021.5.22 Hunan
Ancestral home :Dean, Jiangxi.
1943~1947:
BoXue Middle school
1949~1953:
Southwest Agriculture College
1964：
Got married with Deng Zhe
Brief Introduction
院士是某些国家所设立的科学技术方面的最高学术称号，一般为终身荣誉。在中国，院士通常是指中国科学院院士或中国工程院院士。
Super Hybrid Rice
In 1960, he happened to find a natural hybrid rice and dedicated to various researches. 1960年，他偶然发现了一种天然杂交水稻，并致力于各种研究
In 1973, he succeeded in developing 3 departments method, increasing rice output greatly. 1973年，他成功地开发了三系法，大大提高了水稻产量
超级杂交水稻
In 2000, 700kg/mu
In 2004, 800kg/mu
In 2011, 900kg/mu
in 2014, 1026kg/mu
in 2017, 1149kg/mu
Record Output of Super Hybrid Rice
超级杂交水稻产量创纪录
kg：kilogram 公斤/千克
mu：亩
In June 2020, Yuan Longping's team planted the high cold and salt tolerant rice (also known as sea rice) in Chaidamu Basin, Qinghai Province
2020年6月，袁隆平团队在青海省柴达木盆地种植了耐冷耐盐水稻 (又称海稻)
While-listening
https://www./video/BV1Ep4y1s7vr p=6&share_source=copy_web
Watch the video and finish the following exercises.
P43
graduated from
succeeded in developing
made great contributions to
237 weeks
袁隆平生平
Unit 4
Reading
Do you know what malaria is
你知道什么是疟疾吗？
Malaria 疟疾
Watch the video and answer the questions
1. What causes malaria mostly
2. What’s the symptom of getting malaria
高烧，发汗，发冷，抽搐，头疼，时而呕吐腹泻
High fever, sweating, chills, convulsions, headaches, vomiting and diarrhea at times
plasmodium
疟原虫
spread by mosquitoes
靠蚊子传播
Tu Youyou.
Chinese scientist wins 2015 Nobel Prize. Who is this winner
TU Youyou
2015. 10
Nobel Prize in physiology(生理学) or medicine（医学）
for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against Malaria(疟疾)
Artemisinin
青蒿素
Artemisinin, a drug therapy for malaria that has saved millions of lives across the globe, especially in the developing world.青蒿素，一种治疗疟疾的药物，拯救了全球数百万人的生命，特别是在发展中国家。
What does the news report mainly talk about
Detailed reading
Who
Tu Youyou
What
She receive a Nobel Prize.
When
In 2015.
Sweden
Why
Part1(para1)
Read paragraph 1, and find out the 5W1H.
She was awared for her discovery of qinghaosu to the fight against malaria.
Where
What is the writing type of this articles
Expository writing (说明文)
Novel
News report
Essay（散文/随笔）
Step 2: Structure of news reports
Read and match
Para. 1
Para. 2
Para. 3-5
Para. 6
Tu Youyou won a Nobel Prize In 2015 for discovery of qinghaosu.
Tu Youyou and her team’s efforts finally paid off.
Tu Youyou and her team solved a lot of problems before they successfully discovered qinghaosu.
Tu Youyou acquired a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine.
Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People ＇ s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize , awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria , one of the deadliest diseases in human history . Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival .
the People ＇ s Republic of China 中华人民共和国
the only/+序数词....+n to do sth 做某事的......
contribute (v)捐助,贡献,投稿 ---contribution (n) 贡献,捐款,投稿
contribute to=make a contribution to 促进，导致，贡献
thanks to 多亏，幸亏，由于
survive (v)生存，幸存--survival (n)幸存--survivor (n) 幸存者
1. …malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival.
survival n. 生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物
eg Illegal hunting is threatening the survival of the species.
【拓展】
survive v. 活下来，幸存
survivor n. 幸存者，生还者
非法狩猎正威胁到物种的生存。
【学法点拨】
survive——
refuse——
arrive——
approve——
v. + -al n.
refusal 拒绝
survival 幸存
arrival 到达
approval 赞成
A survive B (by xx years ) A比B活得长(多少年)
survive on 靠……生存下来
即学活用：
① How does the family survive such a small monthly wage
② It’s said that the woman survived her husband 10 years.
③
on
by
He survived the earthquake.
翻译：他在地震中幸存下来。
Life became a struggle for survival.
生活变成了一场争取生存的斗争。
Born in 1930, in Ningbo , Zhejiang Province , Tu studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955. After graduation , she worked at the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine . She completed further training courses in traditional Chinese medicine , acquiring a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine .
be born with 天生具有
graduate (v) 毕业 (n)毕业生--graduation (n)毕业
Tu ＇ s education was soon to prove very useful . In the 1960s, many people were dying of malaria , and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease . She collected over 2,000 traditional Chinese medical recipes for malaria treatment and made hundreds of extracts from different herbs .
prove (v)证明(proved proved, proven proven)--proof (n)证明，证据
It is proved/proven that 据证实
die of 死于内因（疾病，衰老等)
die from 死于外因 （事故等）
intend to do sth打算做某事
a cure for 一个治疗.....的方法
2、In the 1960s, many people were dying of malaria, and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease.
在20世纪60年代, 许多人死于疟疾, 1969年屠呦呦担任了一个课题组的组长, 这个小组计划找到该疾病的治疗方法。
intend vi. &vt. 想要; 打算，计划; 意指
I intend you to come with me.
We intend that production will start next month.
我打算让你和我一起去。
我们打算下个月开始生产。
【拓展】
intention n. 意图, 目的; 打算
intended adj. 预期的, 有意的
have no intention of doing sth. 无意做某事; 不打算做某事
【归纳】
intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
intend to do / doing sth. 打算做某事
be intended for 打算供……之用
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) The university is known for its language and culture courses _________ (intend) for international students.
2) I have no __________ (intend) of retiring.
3) I ______________________ as a volunteer in an environmental protection organization during the summer holidays
intended
intention
intend working / to work
我打算暑假期间在一个环保组织做志愿者。
When they failed to produce any promising results , Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again . Inspired by an over 1,600-year- old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water , Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part . On 4 October 1971, after 190 failures , she succeeded in making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice .
fail (v)失败---- failure (n)失败 fail to do sth 未能做成某事
promise (v/n)承诺---promising (adj) 有希望的，有前景的
refer to 查阅，参考
try to do sth 尽力做某事 try one’s best to do sht 尽某人最大努力做某事
try doing sth 尝试做某事
in order to do sth 为了做某事
success (n)成功--successful (adj)成功的--successfully (adv)成功地--succeed (v)成功
succeed (in) doing sth成功做某事
3. Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again.
refer to:
①查阅，参考
eg He gave the speech without referring to his notes.
他不看讲稿发表了演讲。
我们同意永远不再提这件事。
②提到，谈及
eg We agreed never to refer to the matter again.
③涉及……；与……相关
eg The figures refer to our sales in Europe.
【拓展】
1) refer sth. to... 把……提交给……
refer to ... as 把……称为
2) reference n. 提及；谈到；参考；查阅
in/with reference to... 关于……
这些数字是我们在欧洲的销售额。
【语境应用】翻译下面句子。
1) I don't want to refer to this matter any more.
2) Refer to the dictionary when you don't know how to spell a word.
我再也不想提这件事了。
当你不知道怎么拼写一个词时，查阅一下词典。
4、Inspired by an over 1, 600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water, Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part.
据一本1600多年前的古籍记载, 古人通过冷水制备青蒿提取物, 受此启发, 屠呦呦重新设计了实验, 为了不破坏其(抗疟的)有效成分, 她尝试在低温下提取。
inspire vt. 鼓舞; 激励; 启发思考
How do you inspire your students to do their best
I inspired Tom with hope.
你如何激励你的学生们, 使他们发挥出最好水平呢
我用希望激励汤姆。
【词块积累】
(1)inspire sb. to do sth. 　 激励某人做某事
inspire sb. with sth. 用……来激励某人
(2)inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的
(3)inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的; 启发灵感的
(4) inspiration n. 灵感; 鼓舞
即学活用：
①His speech was so (inspire) that his students were inspired
(study) harder than ever before.
② (inspire) by my good friend, I intended to study abroad.
翻译： 没有灵感我写不出东西。
inspiring
to study
Inspired
I can not write without inspiration.
5、However, it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials beacuse research resoures were limited.
然而，由于研究资源有限，很难生产足够的青蒿提取物用于大型试验。
trial n. 试用，试验，审讯，考验，试用期 v. 测试，试验
Researchers are testing 67 vaccines in clinical trials on humans.
研究人员正在对67种疫苗进行人体临床试验。
She agreed to employ me for a trial period.
试用期
We had the machine on trial for a week.
试用
Everyone is expected to stand the trials of adolescence.
考验
The men were arrested but not brought to trial.
审判，审理
每个人都要经受青春期的考验。
这台机器我们试用了一个星期。
她同意试用我一段时间。
这些人被逮捕了，但没有受到审判。
5、However, it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials beacuse research resoures were limited.
然而，由于研究资源有限，很难生产足够的青蒿提取物用于大型试验。
limited adj. 有限的
Time is limited and let's come straight to the point.
The damage was limited to the roof.
be limited to 限定在……
时间有限, 我们开门见山吧。
损坏仅限于屋顶。
limitation n. 限制；控制
limitless adj. 无限制的，无界限的
【拓展】
within limits 在某种程度上; 有一定限制
set a limit on 对……加以限制
beyond the limit 超过限度
n.
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) My wife and I __________ (定了一个限额) on how much we spend on clothes.
2) They told us that we could do whatever we liked,
___________________ (在一定限度内).
set a limit
within (certain) limits
However , it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited . Tu and her team managed to find solutions to the problem . When there was no research equipment , they had to extract herbs using household water containers . They worked day and night and their health began to suffer because of the poor conditions , but they never gave up .
manage to do sth 设法做某事，（特别是一些困难的事情）
=succeed in doing sth
solve (v)解决----solution (n)解决方案
solution to... ..... 的解决方案
because of 由于=owing to /due to
6. The trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have sufficient safety data.
postpone vt. 延迟，延期
eg They decided to postpone their holiday until next year.
他们决定将假期延后到来年。
postpone, put off
相同点 不同点
postpone 在表示“推迟某事”时，可以互换。如： The flight was postponed / put off due to bad weather. 由于天气不好，航班被推迟了。 postpone 动作主体是人，表示有意识地推迟，延迟的时间确定。如：
Because of heavy rain, we have decided to postpone our sports meeting until next Monday. 由于下大雨， 我们已经决定把运动会推迟到下周一。
put off put off 强调“拖延时间”，指因客观原因造成的拖延或主观上故意拖延。如：
You’re always putting off things. You should get rid of this bad habit.
你做事总是拖拉，你得克服这个坏习惯。
【语境应用】用postpone, put off的适当形式填空。
1) Our online meeting was __________________ for an hour by a power cut.
2) He _________________ going to Beijing for his holiday because an urgent thing had happened.
3) Don’t _________________ making the arrangements until the last minute.
postponed / put off
postponed
put off
不要把安排拖到最后一分钟。
7、To speed up the process and ensure its safety…
speed up: (使)加速
eg The truck speeded up going down the hill.
【反义短语】slow down 减速，慢下来
at a speed of 以……的速度
at high/low/full/top speed 以高/低/全/最快速
speed by (时间)很快地过去，飞逝
卡车在下山时加快了速度。
Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced , however , they still faced another problem . The trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have sufficient safety data . To speed up the process and ensure its safety , Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first .
be likely to do sth 有可能做某事
volunteer (v)自愿做 (n)志愿者
volunteer to do sth 自愿做某事
8、The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off.
pay off:
①成功，凑效，达到目的
eg All her hard work paid off in the end, and she finally passed the exam.
她的所有努力最终有了收获——她终于通过了考试。
首先我要还清欠款。
② 付清（还清）债务
eg I'll pay off all my debts first.
③付清工资解雇某人
eg Two hundred workers have been paid off.
注意：
pay off 意为“取得成功；奏效”时，物作主语；
意为“偿清，付清”时，人作主语
两百名工人拿到工资被解雇了。
【拓展】pay短语
pay for sth. 为某事吃苦头或受惩罚; 花钱买某物
pay back 偿还; 报复
pay a visit to 访问
pay down (分期或部分)支付；偿还
pay up 付清全部欠款
【语境应用】用pay的相关短语完成句子。
My hard work finally _________when they called me for an interview.
2) I will ___________ the book whatever the price.
3) How can I ________ you ________ for all your kindness
4) I _____________ Mr. and Mrs. Smith yesterday afternoon.
pay for
paid off
pay back
paid a visit to
9、More than 40 years after its dicovery, Tu was eventually awared a Nobel Prize for her work.
在发现青蒿素40多年后，屠呦呦终于因此获得了诺贝尔奖。
award n. 奖; 奖品; 奖金 vt. 授予; 颁发; 奖励
They awarded the first prize to John.
Learning that he won an award for his album, the composer felt very proud of himself.
他们把一等奖授予约翰。
得知自己的专辑获奖后, 这位作曲家感到非常自豪。
【词块积累】
get/receive/win an award(for. . . ) 　 因……获奖
award sb. sth. =award sth. to sb. 授予某人某种荣誉
give sb. an award 给某人颁奖
The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off . In November 1972, through trial and error , they successfully discovered qinghaosu- the most effective part of the qinghao extract . As a key part of many malaria medicnes , qinghaosu has since benefited about 200 million malaria patients . More than 40 years after its discovery , Tu was eventually awarded a Nobel Prize for her work .
pay off 成功，奏效，达到目的
through trial and error 反复试验
In her Nobel Lecture , she encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise it to a higher level . Perhaps the next generation of scientists , drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine , will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care .
courage (n)勇气---encourage (v)鼓励
encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人做某事
explore (v)探索，探究，考察--exploration (n)
draw on 凭借，利用
be beneficial to ...... 对....有好处
globe(n) 地球--global (adj) 全球的---globally (adv)全球地
10、Perhaps the next generation of scientists, drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine, will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care.
也许下一代科学家利用中医的智慧, 确实会发现更多有益于全球卫生保健的药物。
beneficial adj. 有益的; 有用的
To some extent, proper pressure is beneficial to our growth.
在某种程度上，适当的压力对我们的成长有利。
(2)benefit v. /n. 使受益/好处
benefit from/by 得益于……, 从……中受益
be of benefit to=be beneficial to 对……有益处
for the benefit of sb. =for one's benefit 为了某人的利益
即学活用：
(1)语法填空。
①It is said that yoga is of great benefit human health. In other words, we can benefit yoga.
②In fact, music education is (benefit) and important to all the students.
(2)Taking plenty of exercise can be (对……非常有好处) your health.
(3)China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals (为了……的利益) all its citizens.
from/by
to
beneficial
of great benefit to
for the benefit of
Read the news report again carefully and fill in the table below.
P46 A2
Problems Solutions
The extracts failed to produce any promising results.
Tu and her team could not produce enough qinghao extract because research resources were limited.
Tu and her team did not have sufficient safety data to start trials on patients.
Tu Youyou referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again, redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the qinghao herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part.
Tu Youyou and her team managed to find solutions to the problem, e.g. using household water containers instead of research equipment.
Tu Youyou and her team volunteered to test the qinghao extract on themselves.
Task 4
1971
1930
succeeded in making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice
1951-1955
1969
1972
2015
born in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province
studied medicine at university in Beijing
became head of a team that intended to find a cure for malaria
successfully discovered qinghaosu
won the Nobel Prize
Tu’s personal experiences
Read for time and details
1. What qualities did Tu Youyou show as a scientist Use details from the news report to support your ideas.
hard-working 勤勉的
after 190 failures, she succeeded in making qinghao extract
collected over 2,000 traditional Chinese medical recipes, made hundreds of extracts from different herbs
patient 有耐心的
worked day and night and their health began to suffer, but they never gave up
committed 尽心尽力的
volunteered to test qinghao extract on herselves
selfless 无私的
…
Traditional Chinese medicine
TCM has a history of More than 4,000 years.
T
C
M
中医
The history Chinese medicine
Diagnostic methods
look (望)
smell/hear (闻)
ask (问)
palpation (切)
Forms of TCM
traditional Chinese herbmedicine(中药 )
acupuncture and moxibustion (针灸)
Chinese Medical Massage(推拿)
cupping(拔罐)
qigong(气功)
skin scraping(刮痧)
food therapy(食疗)
B1
broad sufficient intend pay off
limited experiment wisdom refer to
The passage below is about traditional Chinese plete the passage with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box below.
In her Nobel Lecture, Tu Youyou (1) __________ the strengths of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, and pointed out that there is great potential for future advances if scientists make good use of these strengths.
referred to
Building your language
Their efforts to conduct research in both fields may finally (2) ________. A good example to illustrate this point is the discovery of qinghaosu in 1972, which was (3) ________ as an effective treatment for malaria. The Chinese herb qinghao, from which qinghaosu comes, has been used to cure diseases for almost 2,000 years.
pay off
intended
broad sufficient intend pay off
limited experiment wisdom refer to
However, it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded
in discovering qinghaosu, after many failed (4) ___________. By then, the fight against malaria had achieved only (5) ________ success. Since the discovery of qinghaosu, the survival rate of malaria patients has increased by around 30%.
limited
broad sufficient intend pay off
limited experiment wisdom refer to
experiments
Without her (6) _______ knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, Tu might never have discovered qinghaosu. It is important that scientists draw on the (7) ________ of both fields. With (8) _________ research, many more medical discoveries like qinghaosu are likely to be made.
broad sufficient intend pay off
limited experiment wisdom refer to
wisdom
sufficient
broad
The news report uses some abstract nouns. Note the following suffixes and think of more words formed with them. Then fill in the table below with as many words as you can.
Parts of speech Suffixes Words
Adjectives -dom
-ness
Verbs -al
-ance
-ure
Adjectives / Verbs / Nouns -age
freedom
arrival, approval, proposal, refusal
pleasure, exposure, closure
marriage, passage, percentage
usefulness, kindness, loneliness,happiness
acceptance, performance, assistance
The news report explains “malaria” and “qinghaosu” using noun phrases. Find these explanations in the news report and explain the two medical terms below using noun phrases.
You can use a noun phrase to explain a term, thus making it easier to understand. A comma or a dash is often put before the explanation.你可以用名词短语来解释一个术语，这样更容易理解。在解释之前经常加逗号或破折号。
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Tu Youyou has become the first female Chinese scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria, one of the deadliest diseases in human history.
In November 1972, through trial and error, they successfully discovered qinghaosu – the most effective part of the qinghao extract.
aspirin
The doctor asked me to have a good rest and take some aspirin,
ICU
After surgery, the man was sent to ICU,
a medicine often used to treat pain and fever.
a department in a hospital that provides specialized treatment or care.
阿司匹林
重症加强护理病房