课件12张PPT。聚焦中考——英语（普版）第33讲
主谓一致1．A lot of foreigners __C__ familiar with the famous places of interest in China.(2013，上海)
A．am B．is C．are D．be
2．How time flies！We'll graduate.Three years __C__ really a short time.(2013，遵义)
A．was B．are C．is
3．There __B__ many trees in front of my house now.(2013，北京)
A．is B．are C．was D．were
4．— What languages __B__ in that country?
—German and English.(2013，天津)
A．are speaking B．are spoken
C．speak D．is spoken
5．Neither my sister nor I __A__ been to America before.(2013，安顺)
A．have ever B．have never
C．has ever D．has never【考点梳理】
中考对主谓一致的考查主要包括以下三点：
1．学科名词作主语；表示时间、长度、价格、质量等短语作主语；the＋姓氏名词复数作主语；一些以s结尾的不可数名词作主语，如news，maths；不定代词＋名词作主语，如both of，neither等。
2．主语后带有with，except，like等介词短语。
3．就近原则，如there be句型，either…or…，not only…but also…等。
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。因此，找出句子的真正主语是关键。同时，要遵循三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。高频考向一 语法一致原则
语法一致即主语是单数形式时，谓语动词就用单数形式；主语是复数形式时，谓语动词就用复数形式。
①当and连接两个或多个名词，或both...and...连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
Tom and Mike are good friends.汤姆和迈克是好朋友。
Both Lucy and Lily are students.露西和莉莉都是学生。
②不定代词either，neither，anybody，anyone，anything，someone，somebody，something，everyone，everybody，everything，nobody，no one，nothing等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Is there anything wrong with your bike？你的自行车有什么毛病吗？
Everyone is ready for the sports meeting.大家都在为运动会做准备。
③由each，each...and each...，every...and every...，every...作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Each boy and each girl was given a new book.给了每一个男孩和每一个女孩一本新书。④主语后有with，along with，together with，as well as，no less than，more than，including，besides，like，except，but等词或短语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。
Mr.Green with his wife and two daughters is coming to Beijing.格林先生将和他的妻子及两个女儿一块儿来北京。
⑤“a number of＋名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of＋名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
A number of trees are cut down.许多树木被砍倒了。
The number of students in our class is 32.我们班学生人数为32。
⑥“a lot of(lots of，plenty of，a pile of，piles of，most of)＋名词”和“分数或百分数＋名词”等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词，如果是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。如：
Lots of people have been there.很多人去过那儿。⑦由“a pair(a kind，a series...)＋of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；“pairs(kinds...)＋of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
A pair of sunglasses is lying on the table.一副太阳镜放在桌子上。
Fifteen pairs of shoes are made each day.每天能制作15双鞋。
⑧某些只有复数形式的名词(如clothes，trousers，shorts，pants，shoes，gloves...)作主语时，谓词动词用复数形式。如：
My shoes were worn out.我的鞋子穿坏了。
⑨不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Reading is learning.读书就是学习。
【例1】 We make it a rule that each of us ________ the bedroom one day a week.(2012，绵阳)
A．has cleaned B．have cleaned
C．cleans D．clean解析：“each每一个”强调个体，故用第三人称单数；由 “one day a week 一周一天”则表明指频度，须用一般现在时。
答案：__C__
【例2】 ________ that pair of ________ a little cheaper？(2012，黄石)
A．Is；glass B．Are；glass
C．Is；glasses D．Are；glasses
解析：a pair of后应接复数名词，其作主语时，谓语动词应用单数形式。
答案：__C__
【例3】 The number of books in the bookshop is about 10，000 and a number of them ________ about science.
A．is B．was C．are D．were
解析：由前半句中谓语动词is可推断出后半句中谓语动词也应用一般现在时；短语a number of作主语时，谓语动词应用复数。答案：__C__
高频考向二 意义一致原则
意义一致又叫概念一致，即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。
①由and连接的两个名词，如果是指同一概念(即and后面无冠词)，则谓语动词用单数形式。如：
The teacher and writer is coming to give us a report next week.那位老师兼作家下周要来给我们作报告。
The singer and dancer has been invited to the party.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家被邀请参加了聚会。
②表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等复数名词、词组作主语时，一般被看作一个整体，谓语动词常用单数形式。如：
Three years is a long time.三年是一段很长的时间。③集体名词(如family，team，crowd，company，class，group，government...)如果表示整体概念，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示集体中的成员，则谓语动词用复数形式。如：
My family is a small one with three people.我家是一个有三口人的小家庭。
④people，police，cattle等集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
The police are helping a girl find her mother.警察正在帮助一个女孩找妈妈。
⑤算式中，表示加法和乘法时谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式，但表示减法和除法时谓语动词必须用单数形式。如：
What is/are three times three？3乘以3是多少？
【例4】 —How much ________ the pair of shoes?
—Twenty dollars ________ enough.(2010安徽)
A．is；is B．is；are C．are；is D．are；are
解析：the pair of shoes的中心词是pair，则谓语动词用单数；把twenty dollars看成整体，则谓语动词也用单数。
答案：__A__高频考向三 就近原则
有时谓语动词的形式与主语并不一致，而是与靠近它的名词一致，这种原则叫作就近原则，又叫作邻近原则。
①由either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but(also)．..，not...but...或or连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与较近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如：
Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle.不但我父母而且我也盼望看到我叔叔。
Not only Jim but also his parents want to live in China.不仅吉姆而且他的父母也想居住在中国。
He or you have taken my pen.他或你拿了我的钢笔。
②There be...和Here be...这两个句式中的be动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。如：
There is an apple and two bananas on the table.桌子上有一个苹果和两根香蕉。
【例5】 There ________ lots of people at the restaurant when I got there.(2011，河北)
A．is B．was C．are D．were解析：people是复数名词，则there be句型中谓语动词用复数，排除A和B；下文got为过去式。
答案：__D__
【例6】 ________ Lily ________ Lucy is going with you because one of them must stay at home.(2011，乌鲁木齐)
A．Not only；but also B．Neither；nor
C．Both；and D．Either；or
解析：根据主谓一致原则可排除A项；由下文“他们中的一个必须待在家里”，可知“或者露西或者莉莉与你一起去”。
答案：__D__【例7】 There ________ some flowers on the teacher's desk just now，but now there ________ nothing on it.(2012，随州)
A．have；has B．were；has
C．were；is D．has ；has
解析：第一空应根据some flowers来确定谓语动词应用复数，just now表明是过去时；第二空根据nothing来判断谓语动词应用单数，now表明一般现在时。
答案：__C__课件13张PPT。聚焦中考——英语（普版）第47讲
书面表达(2013，云南)
A Talk to Myself
提示：在初中三年的学习和生活中，你有许多快乐，也有许多遗憾。在即将毕业之际，你想对自己说点什么呢？请根据所给题目用英语写一篇短文。
要求：1.语言流畅、书写规范、卷面整洁，词数不少于60；
2．文中不得使用真实姓名、校名，否则以零分计。
One__possible__version：
A__Talk__to__Myself
How time flies! I'm leaving school soon.I really have a lot to talk to myself.
Luckily，my teachers are very friendly.They not only give me knowledge but also tell me how to be a man.And my classmates are helpful.We share happiness and sadness in our school life.
However，I'm also upset sometimes.I don't take part in outdoor activities quite often because of too much homework.I know it's not good for me.I'll try my best to join in more.
I believe that my life in the future will be more and more beautiful.书面表达题主要考查学生在特定的语境中综合运用语言进行表达的能力；同时，还考查学生英文书写的规范性、美观性等。
一、常见的书面表达题型
1．根据文体归类：日记、书信、通知、便条、启事、贺卡、发言稿、调查报告、记叙文、说明文及议论文等。然而许多试题都将记叙、议论、说明等表达方式融为一体，形成复合型的写作。
2．根据所提供的材料：图画作文、图表作文、提纲作文及命题作文等。这样的测试形式既有一定的控制性，又有一定的开放性，为考生展示其写作能力提供了发挥的空间。
二、如何写出优美的文章
1．选准词语。
①语言是交流的工具。要使用通用的、合乎习惯的词语，切忌使用生僻的词汇。
②选词要达意，英语有许多同义但用法不同的词汇或短语，切忌混淆用法。③用词要简明扼要，宁可用常用词简单明了地表达信息。
2．写好句子。
①运用所学词汇、短语，结合一定的语法知识，按照句子的结构特点，直接用英语写出相应句子。
②运用固定句式表达信息，把比较复杂的句子分成两个或两个以上的句子，减少写错句的几率。
③把两个简单句用一个复合句或较复杂的简单句表达出来，这样可提高文章的可读性，但在没有把握的情况下慎用。
④遇见生词或不熟悉的表达时，可以在保持原意的基础上，用不同的表达方式写出来。3．设计段落。
一个完整的段落要有主题句、拓展句及结尾句。正确运用连接词使语言衔接自然、行文流畅。
4．书写规范、卷面整洁。
三、如何提升写作
1．熟悉五种基本句式及一些使用频率较高的句式。
2．收集优秀范文并大声朗读来扩展思路及培养语感。
3．坚持常规练习。即：词——词组——句子——段落——篇章。切记：简单句是主菜，要做到运用自如；复杂句是佐料，有之增色，缺之乏味，但不可舍本逐末，以免弄巧成拙。
4．仔细审题，要点齐全，人称及时态正确运用。【例1】 假设你和朋友将在今年暑假，组队参加以“拥抱大自然”为主题的户外拓展夏令营，其中包括小组自由活动。请你为你们小组设计一个活动方案。
提示词语：climb mountains；go fishing；pick fruits；have a campfire (篝火晚会)
要求：1.写明你们组计划要做的具体活动，并给出理由；
2．提示词语仅供参考，可增减内容；
3．词数80～100。开头已给出，不计入总词数；
4．文中不得出现真实的人名、校名与地名。
We are going for a camp this summer.I'm glad to make a plan for our group.________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________解析：第一步：认真仔细地阅读提示，思考所提供的信息，计划文章大致内容。第二步：根据信息要求遣词造句，连句成文。第三步：通读全文，纠正错误，书写整洁。
写作要点：1.具体的活动要丰富多彩。2.写出安排这些活动的理由。
注意：此文是计划打算，应用将来时态。切忌写成流水账。
参考范文：
We__are__going__for__a__camp__this__summer.I'm__glad__to__make__a__plan__for__our__group.
First of all，we plan to climb mountains in the morning so that we can enjoy fresh air and watch beautiful sunrise.After that，we'll have a fruit-picking competition between boys and girls，which will help us know each other better.What's more，there will be a campfire.We can enjoy ourselves by singing，dancing and telling stories.Won't it be fantastic to share the relaxing moment with friends?We are looking forward to the summer camp because we can forget the busy work at school，and I believe we'll have a wonderful time together.
精彩再现：
①文章内容完整，叙述清楚，要点一目了然。
②使用了first of all，after that，what's more表顺序的副词来使文章条理更清晰，更流畅。
③经典句型：?we plan to climb mountains in the morning so that we can enjoy fresh air and watch beautiful sunrise.?Won't it be fantastic to share the relaxing moment with friends？?I believe we'll have a wonderful time together.
【例2】 (2013，宁波)近来，“光盘行动(Clean Plate Campaign)”悄然流行，提倡“节约型社会(economized society)”已成共识。请你根据下列表格中的信息，用英语为某英语报社写一篇短文，谈谈作为一名中学生，在日常生活中应该如何勤俭节约、反对浪费，并作简要评论。注意：(1)短文须包括上述要点，应适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
(2)词数：80词左右，短文的标题和开头已给出(不计入总词数)。
Let's Start with the Things Around Us!
Recently，the “Clean Plate Campaign” has been very popular with many people.Our government is doing its best to build an economized society.
As a middle school student，I think ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________解析：第一步：认真阅读题目要求，仔细观察表格中的内容。第二步：根据提示内容，把握好文章的中心，适度发挥。选用合适的副词使文章条理清晰。第三步：通读全文，检查要点是否遗漏，纠正错误，书写要整洁。
注意：不仅要写出生活中“勤俭节约，反对浪费”的实例，更重要的是“作简要评价”，这才是文章的点睛之笔。参考范文
Let's Start with the Things Around Us!
Recently，the__“Clean__Plate__Campaign”__has__been__very__popular__with__many__people.Our__government__is__doing__its__best__to__build__an__economized__society.
As__a__middle__school__student，I__think we should join in the campaign.We can start with the things around us.Firstly，make sure that the lights are turned off when we finish our work and leave the room.Secondly，we can save as much paper as possible.Thirdly，it is important for us to form the habit of turning off the tap after it is used.What's more，we must not spend money buying unnecessary things.When we eat，we'd better not use one-off chopsticks and we mustn't waste food.
In a word，saving energy is very important.Let's work together from now on!
精彩再现：
①整篇文章内容完整，叙述清楚，要点一目了然。
②层次清晰。先表明自己观点，后用firstly，secondly，thirdly，what's more表顺序的副词把作者观点一一陈列，清楚明了，条理分明。后又用in a word作出总结。
③经典句型：?We can save as much paper as possible.?It's important for us to… ?saving energy is very important.
课件33张PPT。聚焦中考——英语（普版）第24讲
介词和数词介 词【考点梳理】
中考对介词的考查主要是介词的基本用法和介词的辨析。
学习重点应放在以下三点：
1．表时间，地点，方式等介词的用法；
2．介词短语及介词与其他词的搭配使用；
3．同义或近义介词辨析。
高频考向一 表时间的介词
①at，in，on
表示时间点用at。如：at six o'clock，at noon，at midnight。表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用in。如：in May，in winter，in the morning，in the afternoon等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时，用on。如：on Monday，on July 1st，on Sunday morning等。
②since，after
由since和after引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段，但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻，因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段为过去，因而要与一般过去时连用。如：
They have lived here since l978.自从1978年，他们就住在这儿。
After five days the boy came back.五天后这个男孩回来了。
③in，after
in与将来时态连用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。对此提问用How soon。after与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。after与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。如：He will be back in two months.他将在两个月后回来。
He returned after a month.他一个月后回来了。
④for，since
for可以指过去、现在或将来，着重说明“多久”，后面接时间段。since意为“自从……起”，多与完成时连用，后面接时间点或从句。since引导的从句通常为一般过去时。且两者作介词所描述的动作都是持续性动作，since引导从句时，主句的动作是持续性的。如：
He has lived here for 2 weeks.他在这儿住了两个星期了。
He has lived here since 2 weeks ago.他两周前就住这儿了。
It's five years since he left school.他毕业五年了。【例1】 The story he told us happened ________ the night of May 5.(2013，泸州)
A．in B．at C．by D．on
解析：在具体的某一天的晚上应用介词on。
答案：__D__
【例2】 —How long have you lived in the new flat?
—________ 2010.(2013，扬州)
A．In B．After C．Since D．Before
解析：表示“自从……起”应用介词since，后常接时间点或从句。
答案：__C__
【例3】 You won't want to visit any other mountain if you have seen wu yue，but you won't wish to see even wu常考词汇yue ________ returning from Mount Huangshan.(2013，德州)
A．about B．before C．since D．After
解析：由句意“五岳归来不看山，黄山归来不看岳”可知“不看岳”是在“黄山归来”之后。
答案：__D__
【例4】 Li Yuchun is my favourite singer.I once met her ________ 2012 in Hunan.(2013，徐州)
A．to B．on C．at D．in
解析：年份前面应用介词in。
答案：__D__
高频考向二 表示地点和位置的介词
①at，in，on
at一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示
“在某个物体的表面”。如：
He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.昨天他到达的上海。
They arrived at a small village before dark.天黑前，他们到达了一个小村子。
The teacher put up a picture on the wall.这个老师在墙上贴了一张画。
②over，above，on
over，on和above都可表示“在……上面”，但具体含义不同。over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是under。above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是below。on指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。如：
There is a bridge over the river.河上有座桥。
We flew above the clouds.我们在云层上飞行。They put some flowers on the teacher's desk.他们放了一些花在老师桌子上。
③in，on，to
从下图可以看出in表示“在某一范围之内，在……中”；on表示两个不同的个体相邻或接壤，即“毗邻；接壤”；to则表示两个个体之间有一段距离。如：
Japan lies to the east of China in the east of Asia.It faces the Pacific on the east.日本在亚洲东部(范围内)，中国东面(不接壤)，东临太平洋(接壤)。
④in front of，in the front of
in front of表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外；in the front of表示“在……的前部”，在某个范围以内。如：
There are some tall trees in front of the building.这栋大楼前有一些高树。
The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.老师坐在教室前面。
⑤across，through
across表示从物体表面通过，与on有关。
through表示通过一个空间，与in有关。如：
The boy ran across the street.这个男孩跑过了街。
They walked through the forest.他们穿过了森林。
⑥below，under
below “在……下”，不一定在正下方
under “在……正下方”。如：
There is a dog under the desk.书桌下有一只小狗。
Write your name below the line.在横线下方写下你的名字。
⑦between，among
between指两者之间。
among指三者或三者以上的人或事物之间。如：
There is a map between the door and the window.门和窗户之间有一张地图。
He is sitting among the students.他坐在学生当中。
【例5】 It's reported that President Xi Jinping arrived
______ Moscow ________ March 22nd pay a three-day visit to Russia.(2013，滨州)
A．at；on B．in；on C．at；in D．in；in
解析：句意：arrive at后接小地点，arrive in后接大地点；具体的某一天用介词on。
答案：__B__
【例6】 Mrs.King put a coat ________ the sleeping girl to keep her warm.(2013，安徽)
A．over B．with C．behind D．beside
解析：由语境可知句意为“金太太把一件大衣盖在那个睡觉的小女孩身上来为她保暖”。
答案：__A__
【例7】 —Did you go to Kenli during the Peach
Blossom Festival (桃花节)?
—Yes.The flowers were beautiful.Bees were flying ________ them.(2013，东营)
A．in B．among C．between D．through
解析：由语境可知句意为“是的，那些花很漂亮。蜜蜂在它们中间飞来飞去”。
答案：__B__
高频考向三 表示方式的介词by，with，in，on
by表示“以……方式、方法或手段”；with表示“用……工具”；in表示“用……方式、语言、语调或颜色”等；on则一般指用网络，电脑，电视，电话等。如：
He studies English by reading aloud every day.他通过每天大声朗读学英语。
How amazing！The boy can write with his two hands at the same time.真神奇，这个男孩能同时用左右手写字。
Can you spell it in English？你会用英语把它拼出来吗？
【例8】 You can improve your English ________ reading more.(2013，鞍山)
A．in B．with C．by D．of
解析：题意为“你可以通过多读来提高你的英语”，只有by可以表达“通过……方式”。
答案：__C__
【例9】 When I got into the room，Sue was talking ________ the phone.A．with B．on C．to D．in
解析：用电话在交谈，介词应用on。
答案：__B__
高频考向四 介词的固定搭配
介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。熟记并掌握这种固定搭配关系，才能正确使用介词。
1．动词＋介词
arrive in/at到达
ask for请求
do well in在……方面做得好
give up放弃prefer…to… 宁愿选择……，更喜欢……
regard…as… 把……看做……
thanks to幸亏，由于
think about考虑
laugh at嘲笑
learn from向……学习
leave for出发去某地
talk to与……谈话
go in for从事，致力于
hear about听说
look at (有意识地)看
speak to对……说send for派人去叫，叫人去拿
shout at大声叫喊，吼叫
worry about为……担心
think of考虑，关心
2．介词＋名词
in time 及时
on time 准时
in front of 在……前面
at home 在家
in English 用英语
at night 在晚上
with a smile 带着微笑
without breakfast没吃早餐
at first 首先
at last 最后
on one's way to 在某人去……的路上
at once 立刻，马上
at the same time 同时
by hand 用手，手工，亲手
in trouble 处于困境
in fact 事实上
on duty 值日
out of work 失业
out of breath 上气不接下气on the left/right 在左/右边
to one's surprise 令某人吃惊的是
3．介词与形容词、过去分词和动词等搭配
be born in… 出生于……
be good at… 擅长……
be made of… 由……制成
be angry with sb.跟某人生气
be angry at sth.为某事生气
be pleased with sb.对某人感到满意
be satisfied with sth.对某事感到满意
be surprised at对……感到惊奇(诧异)
be used to… 习惯于……
be tired of… 讨厌……，厌倦……
be interested in对……感兴趣
be proud of… 以……自豪(骄傲)
be full of… 充满……
be filled with充满……
take (catch) hold of抓住
be sure of… 确信……
take part in参加
break into(in) 闯入
take care of照顾，关心，保管
be busy with… 忙于……be strict with sb.对某人严格要求
catch up with跟上，赶上
have nothing to do with… 与……无关
go to school去上学
keep out of不让进入
go to bed(sleep) 去睡觉
look forward to盼望，期待
go to the cinema去看电影
say hello to向……问好
【例10】 The teachers hope all of us can hand ________ our homework ________ time every day.(2013，黄石)
A．up；in B．out；on C．on；in D．in；on
解析：考查固定短语hand in意为“上交”；in time“及时”，on time“准时”。
答案：__D__
【例11】 —What's your teacher like?
—She is always strict ________ us.(2013，广安)
A．in B．with C．to
解析：be strict with为固定搭配，意为“对……严格要求”。
答案：__B__
【例12】The chemical in the vegetables and fruit are
bad ________ our health.(2013，上海)
A．from B．with C．of D．for
解析：be bad for为固定搭配，意为“对……有坏处”。
答案：__D__
数 词 【名题实战】
1．Susan lives on the __B__ floor and we are neighbours.(2013，淮安)
A．four B．fourth C．fourteen D．forty
2．The earthquake in Ya'an left __B__ people homeless.(2013，济宁)
A．two thousands B．thousands of
C．two thousands of D．two thousand of
3．There're many students in our school.__B__ of them ________ girls.(2013，齐齐哈尔)
A．One third；is B．One third；are
C．Two thirds；is【考点梳理】
中考对数词的考查主要有以下四点：
1．基数词和序数词的用法；
2．日期、时间、年龄、编号等的用法；
3．分数的表达；
4．hundred，thousand，million，billion的用法。
高频考向一 基数词
1．基数词的构成
①1～12独立成词。one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten，eleven，twelve。
②13～19的基数词以-teen结尾。要注意thirteen，fifteen，eighteen的拼写。③表示整“十”的基数词：20～90的基数词都以-ty结尾。其中特别要注意twenty，thirty，forty，fifty，ninety的正确写法。
④21～99的写法是：十位数加个位数，中间用连字符号“-”连接。如：26 twenty-six；57 fifty-seven
⑤101～999的构成是：百位数与十位数之间用and连接。如：123 one hundred and twenty-three
⑥hundred，thousand，million，billion等词在表示确定数目的时候，直接前面加基数词；表示不确定数目时，要在它们后面加s，其后还要加of。如：
three hundred students三百名学生
thousands of students成千上万的学生
2．基数词的用法
①表示数量的多少。
②表示年份。1988读作nineteen eighty-eight
③表示时刻。7：00读作seven o'clock
8：30读作half past eight/eight thirty
3：05读作five past three/three five
5：48读作twelve to six/five forty-eight
④表示顺序。单数名词＋基数词，名词的第一个字母通常要大写。如：
Class Two，Room12，No.3 Middle School
注：“单数名词＋基数词”可转换成“the＋序数词＋单数名词”，此时名词的第一个字母不大写。如：Lesson Three＝the third lesson
⑤“数词＋单数名词”相当于合成形容词作定语(如：a three-year-old girl)。合成形容词中的名词一定是单数。合成形容词不能作表语，后面必须跟上所修饰的名词。
⑥与表示时间、距离、长度的名词一起构成“数词＋单位名词＋形容词”，表示事物的形状、年代及距离等。如：ten years old，3600 meters long
⑦“几十”的基数词复数形式可用来表示某人约几十岁或年代。如：
In his sixties，he rode a bike round the world.
The light was invented in the 1870s.
⑧与another，more连用时，表示在已有基础上再增加—定数量。如：
another three hours，two more cakes
【例1】 —Excuse me，sir.Here's a package for Lin Tao.Which room does he live in?
—________.
A．308 Room B．Room 308
C．The Room 308 D．The 308 Room
解析：“几号房间”应用“Room＋房间号”表示。
答案：__B__
【例2】 Linda's mother looks young，but actually she is in her ________.(2013，恩施)
A．sixties B．sixtieth
C．sixty years old D．sixty
解析：表示某人约几十岁的时候，应用基数词的复数形式。
答案：__A__
高频考向二 序数词
1．序数词的构成
①序数词多数是由“基数词＋th”构成。如：six→sixth，seven→seventh等。
②以y结尾的整十的数字，先将y改为i，再加-eth。如：fifty→fiftieth，seventy→seventieth等。
③21以上的非整十的数字，将末位数(即个位数)改为序数词，其他的位数仍用基数词。如：
twenty-one→twenty-first，thirty-two→thirty-second，two hundred and ninety-eight→two hundred and ninety-eighth等。
④少数的序数词属于特殊情况，而且这类词也常常是考点，大家要特别注意记忆。如：
one→first，two→second，three→third，five→fifth，eight→eighth，twelve→twelfth
注：fourteenth(第十四)，fortieth(第四十)，ninth(第九)，nineteenth(第十九)，ninetieth(第九十)
2．序数词的用法
①表示顺序。序数词表顺序时，其前须用定冠词the，后接单数名词。
如：I'm the first one to arrive here.
注：如序数词前出现人称代词，则不加the。定语从句中先行词之前有序数词时，则关系代词只能用that。
如：Today is my thirtieth birthday.
②用于最高级前。
如：John is the second tallest boy in our class.
③分数。分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子为l，分母用单数，分子大于l，分母用复数。
如：one fifth，three fifths
—些习惯用法：1/4也可表示为a quarter，3/4也可表示为three quarters，1/2也可表示为a half
④带分数的词组作句子的主语时，谓语动词的单复数与分数后的名词保持一致。如：
Two fifths of the apple is eaten.这个苹果被吃了五分之二。
Two fifths of the apples are red.五分之二的苹果是红的。
⑤表示数量上再增加“一”，用：a(an)＋序数词＋单数名词。如：She had a second child.她有了第二个孩子。
【例3】—What should we do now，Mr.Clark?
—Please turn to Page ________ and look at the ________ picture.(2013，黄冈)
A．Twelve；fifth B．Twelfth；fifth
C．Twelve；five D．Twelfth；five
解析：Page＋基数词，且基数词首字母要大写；the＋序数词＋picture。
答案：__A__
【例4】 It is the boy's ________ birthday today.He is five years old now.(2013，成都)
A．fifteen B．fifth C．the fifth
解析：表达某人的第几个生日应用序数词，且前面不能用定冠词。
答案：__B__
高频考向三 数词中的难点
①hundred，thousand，million，billion的运用。在构成具体的数字时，用单数形式。如：two hundred students，表达不具体的多数时用其复数。如：thousands of students(成千上万的学生)。
②与another，more连用时，表示在已有基础上再增加一定数量。如：another three hours或three more hours。
③“一两天”可表达为：a day or two或one or two days
有关“半”的表达：three years and a half或three and a half years三年半；half an hour半小时；one hour and a half/one and a half hours一个半小时。
【例5】The government of Linyi is building ________ cheap and good houses for the people.(2013，临沂)
A．thousand B．thousands
C．thousand of D．thousands of
解析：thousands of为固定搭配，意为“成千上万的”。
答案：__D__
课件28张PPT。聚焦中考——英语（普版）第25讲
代词和连词代 词【名题实战】
1．They are able to talk openly to one another whenever __A__ of them feels hurt.(2013，杭州)
A．either B．both C．some D．all
2．There are lots of restaurants in our town.And most of __D__ are clean and cheap.(2013，江西)
A．it B．they C．us D．them
3．—Which basketball player do you like best，Kobe，James or Jordan?
—__D__ of them.Lin Shuhao is my favorite.(2012，广东)
A．All B．Neither C．Either D．None
4．You don't have a drink.Can I get you __A__？(2013，河北)
A．something B．anything
C．nothing D．everything5．—Which do you prefer，a CD player or a walkman?
—__D__．I prefer a portable computer.(2013，十堰)
A．Both B．Either C．None D．Neither
【考点梳理】
中考对代词考查的重点有：
1．人称代词和物主代词的用法；
2．it，one(s)，that，those等作替代词的用法；
3．指示代词，疑问代词，反身代词的用法；
4．不定代词的用法。尤其是all，both，either，neither，none，another，the other，some，others，the others等用法。高频考向一 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词
1．人称代词有人称、数和格的变化；人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格用作主语，宾格用作宾语，这一考点成为了考查代词的主要形式之一，并且越来越受到各地的欢迎。具体变化见下表：
注：①人称代词作并列主语的排列顺序：单数形式：you and I；you，he and I；复数形式：we and you；we and they；we，you and they。但承担责任时总是第一人称在前。
②及物动词和介词之后的人称代词要用宾格，尤其要注意并列宾语。
2．表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，有人称和数之分。具体见下表：形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。如：
My books are on the desk.Where is yours?
我的书在桌子上，你的书在哪里？
3．反身代词是人称代词的强调形式，一般用在宾语和主语是同一个人的情况下，或用来强调某人亲自怎样。单数后加-self，复数后加-selves；不定代词one也有反身代词oneself。英语中用来表示“我自己”，“你自己”，“他自己”，“我们自己”，“你们自己”等意义的代词称为反身代词，有人称和数的变化。反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。
具体变化见下表：
反身代词的常见搭配：
①enjoy oneself玩得高兴，过得愉快
②hurt oneself伤着自己
③teach oneself ＝ learn…by oneself自学
④(all) by oneself (完全)独立地
⑤help oneself to请自便，随便吃……
⑥look after oneself自理，照顾自己
⑦leave one by oneself把……单独留下
⑧lose oneself in陶醉于……，沉浸于……【例1】 My parents showed ________ some old pictures that brought back sweet memories.(2013，上海)
A．I B．me C．my D．mine
解析：动词show后跟人称代词宾格作宾语。
答案：__B__
【例2】 —Is this ________ football，boys?
—No，it's not ________.(2013，黄冈)
A．yours；ours B．your；our
C．yours；our D．your；ours
解析：第一个空在句中作定语，修饰后面的名词football，故用形容词性的物主代词；第二个空在句中作表语，故应用名词性物主代词。答案：__D__
【例3】 Don't worry about me.I can take care of ________.(2013，济宁)
A．me B．myself C．him D．himself
解析：考查反身代词。由语境可知句意为“我能照顾我自己”。
答案：__B__
高频考向二 不定代词
1．普通不定代词的用法
①some与any
some和any均表示“一些”，既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。some一般用于肯定句中，any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。但在疑问句中，当表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表达请求、建议时应用some。②many与much
many修饰可数名词复数，还可以与表示程度的副词so，too，as，how连用。much修饰不可数名词，也可以与表示程度的副词so，too，as，how连用。
③either与neither
either指两个人或物中的一个；neither指两个人或物中一个也不，常构成固定搭配either/neither of＋名词/代词的复数＋谓语动词(第三人称单数形式)；当either...or...和neither...nor...连接两个主语时，谓语动词应与离它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
④both与all
both表示“两者都”，常与and连用；all指“三者或三者以上都”，常与of连用。
⑤each与every
each和every都表示“每一个”。each强调个体，当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；every强调整体情况；修饰名词时谓语动词也要用单数形式。另外，each可指两个或两个以上的人或物，而every只可指三个或三个以上的人或物。⑥(a) few与(a) little
(a) few和(a) little具有名词或形容词的性质，在句中可作主语、宾语、定语等。(a) few与复数可数名词连用；(a) little与不可数名词连用。few和little表示否定，指“几乎没有”，在反意疑问句中尤其要注意；a few和a little指“有一些”，相当于some。
⑦other，the other，others与another
other作形容词，意为“别的，其他的”，常用在单数或复数名词的前面；the other表示已知两个人或事物中的另外一个，表示特指，常与one连用；others表示泛指，意为“其他的人或物”，常用于some...，others...结构中；the others表示特指，意为“其他的人或物”；another表示三者或三者以上的另外一个。
2．复合不定代词的用法①在反意疑问句中，当陈述部分的主语是指人的复合不定代词，如everybody，nobody，anyone等时，疑问部分的主语通常用代词they；当陈述部分的主语是指物的复合不定代词，如everything，anything，something，nothing等时，疑问部分的主语通常用代词it。
②当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词something，everything，everyone等时，形容词或else必须放在这些词的后面。
③everyone的意思等同于everybody，只能指人；every one既可指人也可指物，还可以和of连用。
【例4】 —Your tea smells great！(2013，苏州)
—It's from India.Would you like ________？
A．it B．this C．some D．little解析：根据对话内容可知，是向对方提供喝的东西，并希望得到肯定回答。
答案：__C__
【例5】 We need to go shopping.There is ________ juice left in the fridge.(2013，鞍山)
A．little B．few C．many D．much
解析：few，many修饰可数名词；little，much修饰不可数名词。果汁为不可数名词，且句意为“冰箱里几乎没有果汁了”，表否定。
答案：__A__
【例6】 —Which do you prefer，rice or noodles?
—________，thanks.I am not hungry.I only need some water.(2013，贺州)
A．Neither B．Either C．Both D．All
解析：由句意可知“我不饿，只需要一些水”，表示二者都未选择。
答案：__A__
【例7】 —It snowed heavily last night.Is everyone in our class here today?
—Yes，and ________ of us was late for school this morning.(2013，襄阳)
A．none B．neither C．all D．either解析：由句意可知“都来了，没有一个人迟到”，表示三者或三者以上都不。
答案：__A__
【例8】 —Is New Zealand a big country?
—No，New Zealand only has two islands.One is North Island，________ is South Island.(2013，凉山)
A．other B．the other C．another
解析：表示两者中的另外一个，常用one...，the other...结构。
答案：__B__
【例9】 —Does your English teacher chat with you on QQ?
—Yes，sometimes.It's ________ we enjoy doing at weekends.(2013，盐城)
A．anything B．something C．everything D．nothing
解析：anything一般用于否定句和疑问句中；everything一切；nothing没有什么。由句意：“是的，有时候会。那是我们周末喜欢做的事情”可知，应选something。
答案：__B__
高频考向三 指示代词
指示代词包括：this，that，these，those。
①this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those则指在时间或空间上较远的事物或人。
②有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物。如：
I had a cold.That's why I didn't come.
③有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替。如：
Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.
④this在电话用语中代表自己，that则代表对方。如：Hello！This is Mary.Is that Jack speaking?
【例10】 —Hello，is that Betty speaking?
—Yes.________.(2013，锦州)
A．This is Betty B．I'm Betty
C．You are Betty D．That's Betty
解析：电话用语中用this is...表达“我是……”。
答案：__A__
高频考向四 疑问代词、关系代词
疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。如：
Who is going to come here tomorrow？(作主语)
What is that？(作表语)
Whose umbrella is this？(作定语)
Whom are you waiting for？(作宾语)
疑问代词与关系代词
①疑问代词通常位于句首，引出特殊疑问句。
②关系代词用来引导宾语从句，或定语从句。what不能用在定语从句中充当关系代词，但that可用在定语从句中作关系代词。宾语从句中的关系代词与疑问代词一致。
③无论是疑问代词还是关系代词，which和what所指范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的，而which则指在一定范围内。如：
Which girls do you like best？你最喜欢哪几个姑娘？
What girls do you like best？你最喜欢什么样的姑娘？
④whom是who的宾格，在口语中作宾语时，也可用who代替，但在介词后只能用whom。如：
Who(m) did you meet on the street？你在街上遇到谁了？
For whom are you waiting？你在等谁？
【例11】People are talking about the old houses ________ Jackie Chan bought in Anhui twenty years ago.(2013，内江)
A．which B．where C．who D．when
解析：考查定语从句，先行词the old houses指物，且在从句中作宾语，故应该用which。
答案：__A__
【例12】 —________ is that man over there?
—He's my uncle.(2013，南充)
A．What B．Who C．Whose
解析：询问人且在句中作主语。
答案：__B__
连 词 【名题实战】
1．—Look！Some people are running the red lights.
—We should wait __C__ others are breaking the rule.(2013，宁波)
A．if B．unless C．although D．because
2．—Finish your homework __D__ you can't play computer games，Jim.
—All right，Mum.(2013，南京)
A．but B．till C．and D．or
3．I hate traveling by air __A__ you usually have to wait for hours before the plane takes off.(2013，上海)
A．because B．though C．until D．unless
4．—How do you like the concert given by F．I.R.?
—Exciting，__A__ one piece of the music wasn't played quite well.(2013，襄阳)
A．though B．because C．so D．and
5．Smile to the world，__D__ the world will smile back to you.(2013，安徽)
A．nor B．but C．or D．and
6．The beginning of the movie was boring，__A__ the end was amazing！(2013，河北)
A．but B．and C．so D．or
【考点梳理】
中考对连词的考查内容主要是连词的基本用法和一些常见反义连词的辨析，大多数情况下是将连词放在并列句和复合句中。
高频考向一 并列连词
①表示平行或承接关系的：and，both...and...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...，as well as等；表示转折关系的：but，yet，while，however等；表示选择关系的：or，either...or...，not...but...；表示因果关系的：for，so等。
②both...and...连接主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；neither...nor...，not only...but...also...，either...or...连接主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”；as well as连接主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。so与because，but与although/though不能同时出现在一个句子中，二者只能选其一；and用于肯定句中，or用于否定句或选择疑问句中。
【例1】 The train was late，________ we had to wait for half an hour.(2013，锦州)
A．because B．or C．so D．but
解析：“不得不等半个小时”是“火车晚点”的结果答案：__C__
【例2】 Don't be crazy about computer games，________ your parents will be worried.(2013，泰州)
A．and B．or C．but D．so
解析：由语境可知句意为“不要迷恋电脑游戏，否则你的父母将会担心的。”
答案：__B__
【例3】Peter likes pop music，but ________ his father ________ his mother likes it.(2013，梅州)
A．both；and B．not only；but also
C．neither；nor D．either；or
解析：由语境可知句意为“彼得喜欢流行音乐，但他的爸爸、妈妈都不喜欢。”neither...nor...“既不……，也不……”符合句意。both...and...“两者都”；not only...but also“不但……而且……”；either...or...“或者……或者……”均与句意不符。
答案：__C__
高频考向二 从属连词
从属连词是指用于连接各种从句的连词。
?引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)的从属连词有that，whether，if(是否)，as if；连接代词有who，whom，whose，which，what等；连接副词有when，where，how，why等。
?引导状语从句的从属连词
①引导时间状语从句的连词有：when，while，as，until/till，as soon as，before，after等。
特别提示：while与as只能和延续性动词连用；若as soon as引导的时间状语从句中主句用一般将来时，则从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。
②引导目的状语从句的连词有so，so that，in order that，in case等。
③引导原因状语从句的连词有：because，as，for，since等。
④引导结果状语从句的连词有：so...that，such...that等，so修饰adj.或adv.。such修饰名词，当名词前面有many，much，few或little修饰时，应用so。
⑤引导让步状语从句的连词有：although，though，however(＝no matter how)，even if/though等。
⑥引导比较状语从句的连词有：as，than，as...as，not so/as...as等。
⑦引导条件状语从句的连词有：if，unless，as/so long as等。
⑧引导地点状语从句的连词有：where，wherever。
【例4】You'd better make a good plan ________ you take a holiday.(2013，莱芜)
A．before B．during C．until D．after
解析：由语境可知句意为“在你度假之前最好制定一个好的计划”。before“在……之前”；during“在……期间”；until“直到……为止”；after“在……之后”。
答案：__A__
【例5】 You will be late for school ________ you don't get up early.(2013，天津)
A．but B．if C．and D．or
解析：由语境可知句意为“如果你不早起床，上学就会迟到”。故应用if引导的条件状语从句。
答案：__B__
【例6】 —May I go to Jinbao Park with you next Sunday?
—No，you can't，________ you have a ticket.I have only one ticket.(2013，潍坊)
A．if B．until
C．unless D．as soon as
解析：由答语后半句“我只有一张票”可推知前句应为“不，你不能，除非你有一张票。”if“如果”；until“直到……为止”；unless“除非”；as soon as“一……就……”。
答案：__C__
【例7】 Grace is going to give much money to charity，________ she is not rich enough.(2013，乌鲁木齐)
A．if B．unless C．since D．though
解析：由前半句“Grace打算捐很多钱给慈善机构”和后半句“她不够富有”可知，前后在语意上存在转折关系，故此处应用though引导的让步状语从句。
答案：__D__
【例8】 Tony never spends money on buying books ________ he doesn't like reading.(2013，贺州)
A．but B．because C．though D．until
解析：but“但是”；because“因为”；though“尽管，虽然”；until“直到”。由前句的意思可知，后面是原因。
答案：__B__
课件26张PPT。聚焦中考——英语（普版）第27讲
动词和动词短语【名题实战】
1．—Tommy，don't make a mess in your room.
—OK，mum.I will __B__ my toys at once.(2013，义乌)
A．take out B．put away
C．play with D．look for
2．He __C__ an English club last year and has improved his English a lot.(2013，天津)
A．protected B．produced
C．joined D．received
3．—Whose book is this?
—It __D__ our geography teacher's.You see，his name is on it.(2013，烟台)
A．can't be B．can be
C．mustn't be D．must be
4．It seems that the aged people __A__ the H7N9 more easily from the recent cases.(2013，武汉)
A．pick up B．mix up
C．set up D．use up
5．__C__ a light when necessary.You will bring light to other people and yourself.(2013，河南)A．Try on B．Get on C．Turn on D．Put on
6．Oh，it __B__ so nice.What beautiful music it is！(2013，重庆)
A．smells B．sounds C．tastes D．looks
7．—How many English words do you think I should know?
—As many as you __C__．Then you will find reading quite easy.(2013，丽水，金华)
A．will B．must C．can D．might
8．The local people like that Italian restaurant because it __D__ both delicious food and good service.(2013，东营)
A．uses B．wants C．shares D．provides
【考点梳理】
动词与动词短语是中考考查的重点之一。在语境中考查考生对基础知识的掌握程度越来越受到重视。考查的范围有：行为动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词或动词及动词短语间的辨析。大多数动词都有五种基本形式：动词原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。
1．第三人称单数形式的构成
①一般现在时中主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词后要加s或es，其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同。②不规则变化的有have—has等。
2．现在分词的构成
3.过去式和过去分词的构成
①规则变化
②不规则变化需单独记忆。
高频考向一 实义动词词义辨析
实义动词。能独立作谓语，根据后面是否带宾语，可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
1．及物动词
及物动词后面要跟宾语才能使句子句意完整。如love，need，want等。它主要用于三种句型中：
①动词＋宾语
如：I bought some books yesterday.我昨天买了一些书。(bought后有宾语books，为及物动词)
②动词＋宾语＋宾补
③动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
2．不及物动词
①不及物动词本身有完整的意思，后不需接宾语。
如：He always studies hard。他一直努力学习。(study后无宾语，为不及物动词)
②若不及物动词需要带宾语，其后需加适当的介词，才可以跟宾语。
③有的动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。
如：She sings very well.她唱得很好。(sing是不及物动词)
She sang an English song just now.她刚才唱了一首英文歌。(sing是及物动词)
【例1】—I've left my keys in the meeting room.Please________them for me.
—All right.(2013，绍兴)
A．buy B．paint
C．wash D．fetch
解析：由语境可知，说话者把钥匙忘在了会议室里，请听话者帮忙去取一下。fetch意为“去取(某物)”，符合语境。
答案：__D__
【例2】Why are you________a T-shirt？You'll probably catch a cold in this very cold weather.(2013，枣庄)A．wearing B．recycling
C．pulling D．selling
解析：由语境可知句意为“你为什么穿着一件T恤衫？在这样非常寒冷的天气里你可能会感冒”。wear“穿”；recycle“回收利用”；pull“拉，拖”；sell“卖”。
答案：__A__
【例3】—What does the instruction say?
—The colors in the dress will________if you use hot water.(2013，武汉)
A．fall B．appear
C．run D．shine
解析：fall“摔下，落下”；appear“显现；出现”；run“跑；褪色”；shine“发光；闪耀”。根据生活常识可知，有些衣服如果用热水洗会褪色。答案：__C__
高频考向二 系动词和助动词的用法
1．系动词。
本身有词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与表语一起构成谓语。用来表示主语状态的系动词只有be(am，is，are，was，were)；用来表示主语继续或保持一种状态或态度的系动词有keep，stay，remain，stand等；表象系动词有look，seem，appear等；表示人的感觉的系动词有feel，smell，sound，taste等；表变化的系动词有become，get，grow，turn等。
2．助动词。
本身无意义或意义不完整，不能独立用作谓语。它须与别的动词连用，帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等。常用助动词有be，have，has，do，does，did，will和shall等。【例4】—What do you think of the Zongzi?
—They ________ delicious.Are they made by your mother？(2013，宜宾)
A．sound B．taste C．feel D．look
解析：由语境可知“粽子应该是尝起来很美味”。sound“听起来”；taste“尝起来”；feel“感觉”；look“看起来”。
答案：__B__
【例5】—Do you like watching TV?
—No，but my brother________.
A．does B．do C．is D．likes
解析：通常我们用助动词替代上文提到的动词，以免重复。my brother为第三人称单数，故“does”符合题意。
答案：__A__
高频考向三 情态动词的用法情态动词有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的情绪、态度和语气。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
1．can(could)
①表能力，could表过去的能力。can与be able to的意义基本相同。但can只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而be able to能用于各种时态。
②表可能性。
③表许可。口语中可代替may。
④can't表有把握的否定判断，意为“不可能”。
could在口语中，常代替can来向对方比较委婉客气地提出请求或表示看法。此时could不表示过去时。
2．may(might)
①用来征求对方意见，意为“可以”。口语性较强。might可以指过去时间；也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。
②表猜测和对可能性的判断，意为“可能；也许”。might可以指过去时间；也可指现在时间，语气更加不肯定。
3．must
①表说话人的主观意志，意为“必须，应该”。无时态变化。其否定答语常用needn't或don't have to，意为“不必”。注：have to意为“不得不；必须”，主要强调受到外界客观因素的迫使。它可用于多种时态，且有人称和数的变化。
must本身的否定形式mustn't意为“不许；一定不要”，表示禁止和告诫。
②表示对事物的推测，意为“想必；一定”，只用于肯定句。且比may的语气要肯定的多。
4．would
作情态动词时，无人称限制，表意愿，常与like，love连用。
5．should
①表义务。意为“应该”(某件事宜于做)，用于各种人称。
②表推测，意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。
【例6】—Are you in a hurry?
—No，I've got plenty of time.I________wait.(2013，盐城)
A．can B．can't C．must D．mustn't
解析：can“可以，能够”；can't“不能”；must“一定，必须”；mustn't“不允许，禁止”。由语境可知答语为“我有许多时间，我可以等。”
答案：__A__
【例7】—May I play computer games now，Mom?
—No，you________finish your homework first.(2013，临沂)
A．must B．can C．could D．may
解析：must“必须”；can“能，可以”；could“能，可以”；may“可以”。根据对话情景“妈妈，现在我可以玩电脑游戏吗？”“不能。”可知，本句句意为“你必须先完成你的家庭作业”，故用must，表示命令。
答案：__A__
【例8】—Must I go to medical school and be a doctor like you，Dad?
—No，you________，son，you're free to make your own decision.(2013，上海)
A．can't B．mustn't C．shouldn't D．needn't
解析：对“Must I．..？”句型的否定回答应为“No，you needn't.”或“No，you don't have to.”
答案：__D__
【例9】—Someone is knocking at the door.Is it Ann?
—It________be her.She is giving a performance at the theater now.(2013，广东)
A．may B．must C．can't D．mustn't
解析：由答语第二句“她现在在剧院进行表演”说明敲门的一定不是她。may“可能是”，表示把握性不大的推测；must“一定是”，表示肯定推测；can't“不可能是”，用于有把握的否定推测；mustn't表示“千万别，一定别”。
答案：__C__
高频考向四 动词短语
动词短语指动词跟一个或两个介词或副词构成的固定词语。其意义上与原来动词不同。
1．动词短语的分类：
①动词＋介词
arrive in(at)，ask for，begin with，be from，come from，get to，laugh at，look for，send for，wait for
②及物动词＋副词
find out，give up，look up (查找)，put on，pick up，ring up，take off (脱下)，take away，turn on，turn off，think over
③不及物动词＋副词
get up，go on，grow up，set off，stand up，take off(起飞)
④动词＋副词＋介词
get on (along) with，catch up with，come up with，go on with，look forward to
⑤动词＋名词＋介词
take part in，make friends with，take care of
⑥be＋形容词＋介词
be good at，be interested in，be good for，be worried about
2．初中阶段常用短语如下：
①look短语
look for寻找；look after照顾；look over查看；look forward to渴望，向往；look at看着；look up抬头看，查找……，look into 调查；look out当心；look like看起来像；look the same看起来一样；look through浏览
②put短语
put off推迟；put on 穿上，上演；put away 把……暂时收起来；put out扑灭；put down写下；put back放回；put up 举起，建造，张贴。
③turn短语
turn on打开；turn off关掉；turn up把音量开大一点；turn down把音量开小一点；turn to朝向；turn into变成；turn over翻开，翻转；turn… into…把……变成……。
④get短语
get on/along(well)with与某人相处(融洽)；get up起床；get on上车(船、飞机、马)；get off下车(船、飞机、马)；get back回去；get back to回到；get away离开，逃脱；get down下来；get home到家；get into进入，陷入；get out(of)(从……)出去；get to到达；get together聚会。
⑤take短语
take off(飞机)起飞，脱掉(衣服)；take in吸收，上当；take away拿走；take out取出；take on雇佣，呈现；take down取下；take up占据时间、空间，开始从事，拿起。
⑥agree短语
agree with同意某人的(意见、想法、分析、解释)；agree to同意(计划、办法)；agree to do sth.同意做某事。
⑦go短语
go over温习，复习；go swimming/skating/shopping/dancing/fishing/hunting/camping去游泳/溜冰/购物/跳舞/钓鱼/打猎/野营；go into走进；go out出去，熄灭；go away走开；go back回去，回顾；go up上升，攀登；go by时间流逝，从旁经过；go down下降，下沉；go for为……而去；go on继续；go through经历；go to school去上学；go home回家；go to the doctor去看医生。
⑧come短语
come along一道来；come in进来；come into进入；come out出来，出版；come down下来；come from来自；come back回来；come across偶然遇到；come over过来；come home回家；come into use开始使用；come on快，得啦，跟着来，加油。
⑨give短语
give up放弃；give off放出、发出(气体、气味、烟雾、光、水、热等)；give out精疲力竭、累倒，耗尽、用完；give away泄露，赠送；give in屈服，让步，投降。
⑩make短语
make a decision作出决定；make sb.do sth.让某人做某事；make a mistake犯错误；make progress取得进步；make friends with与……交朋友；make up编造，虚构，打扮，构成，组成；make a face做鬼脸。
?be短语
be friendly/kind to对……友好；be different from与……不同；be afraid of害怕；be popular with受……欢迎；be interested in对……感兴趣；be strict with对某人严格；be strict in对某事严格；be famous/known as作为……出名；be famous/known for因……著名；be surprised at对……惊讶；be pleased with对……满意；be proud of对……感到自豪；be polite/impolite to对某人有礼貌/不礼貌；be thankful/grateful to对某人感激；be good for对……有好处；be good at擅长于……；be made up of由……构成；be angry with对某人生气；be busy with忙于；be fullof/filled with装满……；be late for迟到；be covered with覆盖着。
?call短语
call at拜访(后接地点)；call on拜访(后接被拜访的对象)，号召；call back回电话；call up打电话，使回忆起；call for 叫某人同往某处。
【例10】 —Why do you collect so many old bikes?
—I'll have them ________ and give away to the children who don't have bikes.(2013，菏泽)
A．used up B．given up C．fixed up D．set up
解析：句意为“我要把它们修理好送给那些没有自行车的孩子们”，use up“用完”；give up“放弃”；set up“建立”；fix up“修理”。
答案：__C__
【例11】We'll ________ an English play“Snow White”during this year's Art Festival.(2013，重庆)
A．look up B．look out C．put off D．put on
解析：look up“向上看；查找”；look out“小心；注意”；put off“推迟”；put on“穿上；上演”。由an English play(一部英语戏剧)可知与之搭配的短语应为put on(上演)。句意为“今年艺术节期间我们将上演一部英语戏剧《白雪公主》。”
答案：__D__
【例12】Ann is going on a tour of Xi'an，and she wants to________ Chinese history.(2013，江西)
A．dream of B．learn about
C．look through D．pass on
解析：dream of “梦到；梦想”；learn about“了解”；look through“浏览”；pass on“传递”。由前半句句意“安打算到西安旅行”可知，后半句句意为“她想了解中国的历史”。
答案：__B__
课件16张PPT。聚焦中考——英语（普版）第28讲
动词的时态【名题实战】
1．—Can Peter play games with us，Mrs Hawking?
—Wait a minute.He __A__ a shower.(2013，绍兴)
A．is taking B．takes C．took D．was taking
2．— You look very nice in your new dress today.
—Oh，really？I __B__ it when it was on sale.(2013，广州)
A．buy B．bought
C．have bought D．will buy
3．Look，so many passengers __C__ with their smart phones on the underground.(2013，上海)
A．played B．will play
C．are playing D．have played
4．—How long has Robert __D__？
—Since 2004.(2013，济南)A．been to Beijing B．become a policeman
C．joined the art club D．studied in this school
5．—Why are you worried?
—I am expecting a call from my daughter she __C__ New York for three days.(2013，常州)
A．has gone to B．has been to
C．has been in D．has come in
【考点梳理】
动词时态一直是中考考查的重点内容。对时态的考查主要集中在一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时和现在完成时。高频考向一 一般现在时
1．一般现在时的构成
—般现在时主要用动词的原形表示，如果主语是第三人称单数，一般在动词原形后面加-s或-es。
2．一般现在时的用法
①一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。经常与often，usually，every day，always，sometimes，twice a week，on Sunday等连用。如：
Most of the students in our class usually go to school by bike.我们班里大部分学生通常骑自行车去上学。
I practice playing football every day.我每天练习踢足球。
②表示普遍真理或客观事实。如：
The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。
③在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。如：
If it doesn't rain tomorrow，we will go for a picnic.如果明天不下雨，我们将去野餐。
【例1】 —Do you know whether David will go cycling or not tomorrow?
—David？Never！He________outdoor activities.(2013，泰安)
A．hates B．hated
C．is hating D．has hated
解析：根据语境可知此处句意为“他不喜欢户外运动”这是描述个人喜好的句子，应使用一般现在时。
答案：__A__
【例2】 —What does Tom's uncle do?
—He is a teacher，He________physics at a school now.(2013，武汉)
A．will teach B．has taught
C．teaches D．taught
解析：根据语境可知“他现在在一所学校教物理”，表示目前的情况，故用一般现在时。
答案：__C__．高频考向二 一般过去时
1．一般过去时的构成
一般过去时用动词的过去式表示。特别注意：不规则动词的过去式。
2．一般过去时的用法
①表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。经常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday，last Sunday，in 2010，just now，the other day，the next day，three days ago等。如：
I met him in the street yesterday.我昨天在街上见到了他。
②表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作。如：
He often went to work by bus last year.去年他经常坐公共汽车去上班。
【例3】 —What________the noise，Bill?
—Sorry，I broke my glass.(2013，河南)
A．is B．was
C．has been D．will be解析：由答语broke可知，应用一般过去时。
答案：__B__．
【例4】 —Excuse me，look at the sign NO PHOTOS!
—Sorry，I________it.(2013，呼和浩特)
A．don't see B．didn't see
C．haven't seen D．won't see
解析：根据句意“对不起，请看‘禁止拍照'的标牌！”“对不起，我没看见它。”可以判断“刚才没有看见”，必须用一般过去时。
答案：__B__．
高频考向三 现在进行时
1．现在进行时的构成
现在进行时的构成为：be＋动词的现在分词
特别注意：现在分词的构成形式2．现在进行时的用法
①表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。如：
—What is he doing？他正在干什么？
—He is watching TV.他正在看电视。
②表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。(说话时不一定正在做)如：
They are picking apples on a farm these days.这些天他们一直在农场摘苹果。
③go，come，leave，arrive等表示位置移动的词通常用现在进行时表示将来。如：
He is leaving for Japan tomorrow.他明天要前往日本。
④现在进行时常用的时间状语：now，all the time，
these days，this year，at the moment等。
【例5】 —Are your parents at home，Jane?
—No，they________taking a walk in the park.(2013，济南)
A．do B．are C．will D．have解析：现在进行时的结构为“be＋现在分词”，该处缺少be动词。
答案：__B__．
【例6】 Be quiet！The other students________.
A．sleep B．slept
C．are sleeping D．sleeping
解析：根据语境可知句意“保持安静，其他学生正在睡觉”，故应用现在进行时。
答案：__C__．
高频考向四 过去进行时
1．过去进行时的构成
过去进行时的构成为：was/were＋动词的现在分词
2．过去进行时的用法
①表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。如：
—What were you doing at this time yesterday？昨天这个时候你在干什么？
—I was doing my homework.我正在做我的家庭作业。
We were reading when the teacher came in.当老师进来时我们正在读书。
②表示两个过去的动作同时进行，可以用while来连接。如：
I was watching TV while my mother was cooking.我在看电视，而我的妈妈正在做饭。
③过去进行时常用的时间状语：at that time，at nine yesterday，those days，when/while引导的时间状语从句等。
【例7】 I saw him in the library yesterday.He________a book at that moment.(2013，天津)
A．reads B．is reading
C．was reading
解析：由时间状语“at that moment”可知，应用过去进行时。
答案：__C__．【例8】 I didn't hear the phone because my father______TV then.(2013，潍坊)
A．is watching B．was watching
C．watches D．watched
解析：主语I didn't hear the phone为一般过去时，所以原因状语从句不可能是现在进行时或一般现在时。由标志词then可知，应用过去进行时状态。
答案：__B__．
高频考向五 一般将来时
1．一般将来时的构成
—般将来时的构成为：助动词will/shall＋动词原形；
be going to ＋动词原形
2．一般将来时的用法
①表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。其构成是will＋动词原形。当主语是第一人称I/we时，助动词也可用shall。如：He will be back in two days.他将两天后回来。
Lucy will go to visit her uncle tomorrow.明天露茜将要去看望她的叔叔。
We shall go to see you next Sunday.下个星期天我们将去看你。
②表示计划、打算、决定要做的事或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。一般情况下用“be going to＋动词原形”结构。如：
—What are you going to do this Sunday？这个星期天你打算干什么？
—I'm going to practice English.我打算练习英语。
Look at the clouds.It is going to rain.看那些乌云，天要下雨了。
③一般将来时常用的时间状语：tomorrow，next week，next year，in two days，in the future，from now on，soon等表示将来的时间状语。
【例9】 We have no more vegetables in the fridge.Iand buy some.(2013，河北)
A．go B．went C．will go D．was going解析：根据前句“我们冰箱没有蔬菜了”可知后句句意为“我将要去买些”。故此处应用一般将来时态。
答案：__C__．
【例10】 —Will you go to the cinema with me tomorrow?
—Sorry，I________skating with Tom.(2013，淮安)
A．go B．went
C．have gone D．will go
解析：由语境可知答语为“对不起，我将和汤姆一起去滑冰”，故应用一般将来时。
答案：__D__．
高频考向六 现在完成时
1．现在完成时的构成
现在完成时的构成为：助动词have/has＋动词的过去分词2．现在完成时的用法
①表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。如：
—Have you had your lunch yet？你吃过午饭了吗？
—Yes，I have.I've just had it.是的，我刚吃过。(现在不饿了)
②表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，可能还要持续下去，常与for或since连用。表示持续的动作或状态多为延续性动词。如：
He has lived here since l999.自从1999年以来，他就住在这儿。
I have learnt English for ten years.我学习英语有10年了。
注意：非延续性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。必须把非延续性动词改为相应的表示延续性的动词或短语，这时可与表示一段时间的状语连用。常见的非延续性动词通常作如下变换：come→be in，leave→be away，buy→have，borrow→keep，die→be dead，begin→be on，close→be closed，open→be open，join→be in/be a member of，go/come there→be there，get married→be married，catch a cold→have a cold，return→be back，fall ill→be ill，become→be，has gone to→has been in等。如：误：l have bought this computer for two years.
正：I have had this computer for two years.
我买这台电脑有两年了。
③与现在完成时连用的时间状语：already，yet，just，ever，never，before，so far，these days，in/during the past few years，for＋一段时间，since＋过去的时间点，since＋—般过去时的从句等。
【例11】 —Dave，we will leave in 10 minutes.Are you ready?
—No，I________our guide book and towels yet.(2013，玉林)
A．don't pack B．didn't pack
C．have packed D．haven't packed
解析：根据no可知，还没有准备好，排除C；根据句意“Dave，我们将10分钟后出发。你准备好了吗？”可知从过去到现在还没准备好，是对现在的一种影响，且标志词yet可知，应用现在完成时。答案：__D__．
【例12】 —Look at these stamps.I________them for five years.
—Wow，they are wonderful.(2013，衡阳)
A．kept B．have kept
C．have bought D．bought
解析：由句中时间状语for five years可知，本题应用现在完成时且动词应用延续性动词。
答案：__B__．
课件7张PPT。聚焦中考——英语（普版）第29讲
动词的语态【名题实战】
1．It was reported that nine Chinese people __B__ in a balloon crash (坠毁) in Egypt on February 26，2013.(2013，聊城)
A．are killed B．were killed
C．will kill D．have killed
2．—A new park__B__in our hometown next year.
—Really？Our hometown must be more beautiful.(2013，齐齐哈尔)
A．will build B．will be built
C．is built
3．—Excuse me.I'm looking for Be the Best of Yourself.
—Sorry，the book you ask for__B__out.(2013，河南)
A．is selling B．is sold
C．was selling D．will be sold4．—I want to borrow the book，but I don't know how long it may__D__
—For two weeks.(2013，十堰)
A．keep B．be borrowed
C．borrow D．be kept
5．The Dongying-Hainan airline__C__for about 5 months.I have taken the flights three times.(2013，东营)
A．is open B．has opened
C．has been open D．has been opened
【考点梳理】
中考对动词语态的考查主要是不同时态的被动语态和含有情态动词的被动语态。
动词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。动词中，只有及物动词有被动语态。解析：“机会”和“提供”之间存在被动关系，须用被动语态。
答案：__B__
【例2】 The Chinese writer has got lots of fans in France.His new book ________ into French as soon as it came out.(2013，江西)
A．was translated B．translated
C．is translated D．translates
解析：“他的新书”作主语，应使用被动语态；且从句的动作与主句的动作几乎同时发生，从句为一般过去时，主句也应使用一般过去时。
答案：__A__
【例3】 In the past few years，thousands of films ________ all over the world.(2013，盐城)
A．have produced B．have been produced
C．are producing D．are being produced
解析：由“in the past few years在过去的几年里”可知要用现在完成时。“films”作主语，须用被动语态。答案：__B__
高频考向二 语态用法的难点
①某些动词形式是主动语态，但含有被动的意思。如：
This dictionary sells well.这种字典很好销售。
The woolen sweater costs $88.这件羊毛衫卖88美元。
The car needs repairing.＝That car needs to be repaired.那辆车需要修理。
The soup tastes delicious.这汤尝起来味道很好。
②主动语态中有些动词，如：make，see，listen，watch，feel后常跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态要带上to.如：
He made the boy work for him＝The boy was made to work for him.这男孩被迫为他工作。
③动词短语变成被动短语时，动词短语后面的介词或副词不能省略。如：
The baby was looked after by her sister.这婴儿由她姐姐照顾。
His plan was laughed at by everyone.大家都嘲笑他的计划。
④形容词cheap，comfortable，dangerous，important，interesting，nice等接不定式做状语时，不定式的主动形式表被动意义。如：A bicycle is cheap to run.使用自行车是很经济的。
This question is difficult to answer.这个问题很难回答。
⑤形容词worth后接动名词时，该动名词的主动形式表被动意义。如：
The book is worth reading.这本书值得读一读。
【例4】 This listening material，together with its CD-ROMs，________well.(2013，常州)
A．sells B．sell C．is sold D．are sold
解析：本文的主语为this listening material，为第三人称单数；sell well意为“畅销”。句意为“这份听力材料以及它的光盘很畅销”。
答案：__A__
【例5】 This pair of shoes________hand，and it ________very comfortable.(2013，黄石)
A．is made with；is felt B．are made from；is felt
C．are made of；feels D．is made by；feels解析：“这双鞋是由手工制成的，它感觉起来很舒服。”主语this pair of shoes是谓语动词动作的承受者，故用被动语态，且主语为第三人称单数，用is made by；feel为连系动词，不能用被动语态。
答案：__D__
【例6】 If you see the cartoon film，you will________laugh.(2013，呼和浩特)
A．be made B．be made to
C．made to D．make
解析：“如果你看到这部动画电影，你将会被逗笑”可以判断用被动语态。动词make在主动语态中，后面跟不带to的动词不定式作宾补，而变成被动语态时to必须加上。
答案：__B__课件10张PPT。聚焦中考——英语（普版）第39讲
完形填空(一)完形填空 。(2013，河北)
The most positive (乐观的) person I have ever seen is my dad! He is so positive that I do not __1__ hearing a single word from him which is related (相关的) to hopelessness!
Unlike most mums and dads, my dad never says things that make me feel __2__. He is always there to give me encouragement and help. __3__ I do wrong things, he always tells me what's right in a positive way. For example, if I am in __4__， he often tells me to open the books he bought me. Then he asks me to read the __5__ that can help me with the problems I'm facing. After that, we have a __6__ together.
Even though I'm not always a good kid, my dad __7__ shouts or gets angry with me. I know that he's __8__ a day—a day when I grow up and understand things in my life.
I can see the reason that he is so positive is because he believes in __9__. And he believes that whatever __10__， it is under control. So we have nothing to worry about. Be positive!
(D)1.A.mind B．keep C．like D．remember
(B)2.A.good B．bad C．rich D．poor
(A)3.A.When B．Until C．Before D．Since(B)4.A.fear B．trouble C．surprise D．danger
(C)5.A.titles B．orders C．stories D．questions
(A)6.A.discussion B．practice
C．meeting D．review
(D)7.A.usually B．Ever
C．sometimes D．never
(C)8.A.looking for B．worrying about
C．waiting for D．thinking about
(C)9.A.itself B．myself C．himself D．yourself
(B)10.A.moves B．happens C．appears D．develops
“完形填空”题是一种旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题型。它结合了单项选择题和短文填空的优点，既考查词语搭配、近义词辨异、动词时态、句型结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法等，又考查了逻辑推理和事理推断能力。同学们只有具备了扎实的语言基本功、较好的阅读能力及归纳判断能力，才能适应这一题型。
(一)“完形填空”题要求填入的词：
1．语法结构所要求的功能词。如：连接词，连接代词，连接副词，关系代词，关系副词等。
2．具有语法变化的普通词。如：动词的时态、语态、语气，名词的数，代词的格，形容词和副词的等级等。
3．固定搭配短语或词组中的特定词。
4．同义词、近义词等易混淆词。
5．根据上、下文意思及结构必须填入的确定词。(二)“完形填空”题解题策略：
1．解题前要通读全文，领悟大意。
完形填空常以文章或段落的形式出现，因此，要通读全文，把握文章整体大意尤为重要。很多同学为了省时间，只看选项，不看文章。不看上下文，不寻找文章中句子与句子的关系．结果做出来的答案往往是错误的。
2．解题时要全面考虑，定选项。
完形填空有些答案的四个选项从词汇搭配、语法和句子结构等角度考虑均行得通，但由于文章是一个完整的统一体，词、句、段三者存在着内在逻辑关系，因此考生还要从上下文中寻找有关的信息，对文章的情节进行逻辑推理，抓住含有关键信息的词语，理顺句子之间的关系，确定正确的答案。其具体做法有：?重视首句寻求信息
完形填空本是一篇残缺的文章，留下首句可以帮助考生了解文章的主题，可以了解短文的概貌与作者的意图。要充分利用首句的标示作用，利用它为解题找到一个突破口，从而展开思维。
【例1】 My stutter (口吃) had always been much of a problem. I'd had so many specialists for my ________ over the years.(2013，北京，35)
A．speech B．study C．dream D．fear
解析：由首句“我的口吃已经成为一个大问题”可知，作者在说话方式上很“独特”。speech指“说话方式”。
答案：__A__..., my parents often told me that a positive heart brought a man everything. I didn't understand and wondered why __1__ has such a big influence on a person.(2013，山西，31)
(A)1.A.it B．he C．she
?明辨褒贬语境，判断是非
几乎每篇完形填空的语境都有一定的褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了主人公的特定心理、情绪状态和作者写作意图，因此利用好文章的语境褒贬性就能对文章进行准确的逻辑判断，从而在吃透文章并准确传递文意的基础上推断出每一空的准确信息，找出能反映语境褒贬性的标志性词语或句子，大胆预测下文。
【例2】 At last, his dream came true, and his parents were ________ of him.(2013，长沙，40)
A．famous B．strict C．proud
解析：由全文可知，父母看到儿子通过努力实现了自己的梦想，应该感到自豪。
答案：__C__A prisoner picked up 500 dollars when he was building the road outside the prison. He handed it in to an officer at once. However, the officer said to him __2__， “Don't play such a silly joke on me. Isn't it the money you stole？...”(2013，长春，36)
(D)2.A.excitedly B．nervously
C．happily D．angrily
?巧用平行结构，判断逻辑
平等结构指的是结构相同或相似、意思密切关联、语气一致的句子或短语组成串排列的语言现象。平行结构形式上整齐匀称，内容上联系紧密。命题者常从平行结构的句式相同或相似这一角度，利用其意义的关联和对比这一特点来设题。了解这一点可大大提高解题效率。
【例3】 Jim Smith was a poor boy. One day he was very cold and ________. He came to a house and asked a young woman only for a glass of water.(2013，云南，41)
A．hot B．hungry C．cool D．strong
解析：由上文“he was very cold”可知，与cold相对的是“饿”。
答案：__B__Luckily, his mother was very __3__ and didn't give up trying to help him.(2013，黄冈，52)
(B)3.A.worried B．patient
C．careful D．serious
?结合常识，明辨真伪
【例4】 We can't force life to follow our wishes.The earth won't ________ turning whether we accept it or not.(2013，山西，36)
A．stop B．keep C．start
解析：无论我们是否接受，地球都不会停止转动。
答案：__A__By asking important questions and __4__ the answers, it is possible to make amazing discoveries！(2013，南京，16)
(B)4.A.waiting for B．searching for
C．worrying about D．complaining about课件28张PPT。聚焦中考——英语（普版）第23讲
名词、代词、冠词名 词名词是中考考查的重点，考查内容主要为：
1．常用专有名词表示方法；
2．可数名词单、复数变化规则及其用法；
3．不可数名词量的表示方法；
4．名词所有格的运用方法；
5．名词作主语时主谓一致问题；
6．名词词义的辨析。高频考向一 常用专有名词
1．人名。如：Jackie Chan，Yao Ming
2．地名。如：New York，the Great Wall
3．国名。如：China，America
4．一周七天。如：Monday，Tuesday
5．一年十二个月。如：May，September
6．节日。如：Teachers' Day，Mother's Day，Christmas Day
7．专有名词缩写形式。如：USA，CD
高频考向二 名词辨析
名词词义辨析主要指考生在不同的语言环境中，通过对上下文的理解或者对一些词义相同的名词准确地掌握其意义，然后作出正确的选择。近年来，这一考点成为了考查名词的主要形式之一，并且越来越受到各地的欢迎。
—What is Miss Gao's favourite ________？
—She is always in pink.Don't you know？(2013，安徽)
A．color B．book C．song D．movie
解析：由答语中的“她总是穿粉色的衣服”可知，问句句意应为“高老师最喜欢的颜色是什么？”
答案：__A__
高频考向三 名词的数
名词分可数名词与不可数名词两类。可数名词有单、复数变化形式。a用于以辅音音素开头的单数名词前，an用于以元音音素开头的单数名词前。如：an uncle，a university，an honest man，an hour，a useful book，an apple等。其复数形式分为规则和不规则两种：
1．可数名词的复数规则变化
构成方法
例子
①一般情况下，在名词的末尾加-s
desk→desks，apple→apples
②以s，x，sh，ch结尾的名词，在词尾加-es
class→classes，box→boxes，watch→watches
③以辅音＋y结尾的名词，把y变为i，再加-es
country→countries，factory→factories
④以f或fe结尾的名词，把f或fe变为v，再加-es
knife→knives，wife→wives，leaf→leaves
⑤以o结尾表示有生命的名词，在词尾加-es
tomato→tomatoes，hero→heroes
⑥以o结尾表示无生命的名词，在词尾加-s
radio→radios.photo→photos
2．可数名词的复数不规则变化
?元音或词尾发生变化。
如：man→men；woman→women；Frenchman→Frenchmen；tooth→teeth；foot→feet；child→children
?单复数形式相同。
如：sheep→sheep；fish(鱼的条数) →fish；Chinese(中国人)→Chinese；Japanese(日本人)→Japanese；deer(鹿)→deer
2．可数名词的复数不规则变化
?元音或词尾发生变化。
如：man→men；woman→women；Frenchman→Frenchmen；tooth→teeth；foot→feet；child→children
?单复数形式相同。
如：sheep→sheep；fish(鱼的条数) →fish；Chinese(中国人)→Chinese；Japanese(日本人)→Japanese；deer(鹿)→deer
?视为整体时，谓语用单数；视为个体时，谓语用复数。
如：family，class，team，group
?形式为复数，意思为单数。
如：news，maths，physics，the United States等。
?只用复数形式pants，shorts，clothes，glasses (眼镜)等。
?由man，woman构成的合成名词，变复数时将名词及man，woman都变成复数。
如：man driver→men drivers，woman teacher→women teachers
但其他合成名词，只需把合成名词中的中心词变为复数形式。
如：a banana tree→banana trees；a shoe factory→shoe factories
注意：①可数名词的单复数要与句子结构保持一致。
②可数名词一般不单独使用，表类别时可用复数形式，或用不定冠词和定冠词加单数名词。如：oranges，the/an orange。
③修饰可数名词复数的词有these，those，many，(a) few，a/the number of，some/any，a lot of等。常用they，them来替代
3．不可数名词
不可数名词分为物质名词和抽象名词，它们一般没有复数形式。如果要表示不可数名词的数量则要借助于“a＋量词(可数名词)＋of＋不可数名词”短语，变复数时把a变为具体数词，量词变为复数形式。如：a bowl of water一碗水；two cups of tea两杯茶
初中阶段常见的不可数名词有：water，rice，tea，milk，food，fruit，meat，fish(鱼肉)，chicken(鸡肉)，beef，mutton，orange(橙汁)，sugar，salt，paper(纸)，porridge，bread，sand，juice，news，music，time(时间)，information，fun，advice等。
注意：①有些名词既可作不可数名词，又可作可数名词，如：time(时间/次数，倍数)，fish(鱼肉/鱼)，room(空间/房间)，noise(噪音/响声)，paper(纸/试卷，文件)，chicken(鸡肉/鸡)，experience(经验/经历)
②表示不定数量时，不可数名词常用much，(a)little，a lot of，some，any等修饰。常用it来替代。
高频考向四 名词所有格
①有生命的东西的名词所有格，一般用在词尾加“'s”这种形式来表示。
如：It's my mother's handbag.这是我妈妈的手提包。
②以-s或-es结尾的名词末尾只加“'”。有些表示时间、距离、国家、城镇等无生命的事物的名词，也可以加“'s”构成所有格。如：
It's only twenty minutes' walk.这只是步行20分钟的路程。
Who won the girls' 100-meter race？谁赢了女子100米赛跑？
③不以-s或-es结尾的复数名词末尾仍要加“'s”。如：Where's the People's Hospital，please？请问人民医院在哪儿？
It's the policemen's bedroom.这是警察宿舍。
④表示两个或多个人共同拥有的人或物时，只需在并列名词的后一个名词词尾加“'s”。若表示两者各自所拥有时，则每个名词后均加“'s”。试比较：
Lily and Lucy's father is a worker.莉莉和露茜的父亲是工人。
Lily's and Lucy's fathers are both workers.莉莉的父
亲和露茜的父亲都是工人。
⑤有些名词如：诊所、家、店铺等名词所有格后加“'s”后，可以省去表示相关处所的名词。如：the doctor's(医生诊所)，Mr.White's(怀特先生家)，the book-seller's(书店)。
⑥of所有格主要表示无生命的东西。如：
a map of China一幅中国地图
⑦既表示所属关系又表示数量时要用双重所有格。如：an old friend of my uncle's，a photo of Jim's family等。
【例6】 Look at the man over there.He is ________ uncle.(2013，贺州)
A．Jim's and Tim's B．Jim's and Tim
C．Jim and Tim D．Jim and Tim's
解析：A项表示吉姆和蒂姆各自的叔叔，后接复数名词；B项是错误的表达法；C项不可直接作定语；D项表示吉姆和蒂姆两个人共同的叔叔，后接单数名词。
答案：__D__
【例7】 —How far is your home from school?
—It's about two ________ walk.(2013，潍坊)
A．hours B．hours' C．hour's D．hour
解析：由答语“两个小时的步行路程”可知，此处应用名词所有格形式。hour为可数名词，在基数词后应使用复数形式hours，以-s结尾的复数名词的所有格直接在词尾加“'”构成。
答案：__B__
冠 词【考点梳理】
中考中对冠词的考查主要为：
1．冠词的基本用法；
2．零冠词的情况；
3．习惯用语中冠词的位置及使用。
高频考向一 不定冠词a，an
①不定冠词an用于以元音音素开头的单词前，而a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前。如：
an apple 一个苹果 an hour一小时
a book一本书 a university一所大学
②泛指某一类人或物。如：
A horse is a useful animal.马是有用的动物。
③表示数量“一”，但没有one强。如：
I would like a cup of coffee.我想要一杯咖啡。
④用在文中第一次提到某人或某物时。如：
—What's this？这是什么？
—It's a bike.这是一辆自行车。
⑤用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前有“每一”的意思，相当于every。如：
three times a week
⑥用于某些固定短语中。如：
a lot of许多，have a cold感冒，have a good time玩得高兴/过得愉快，in a hurry匆忙，take a bus乘坐公共汽车
【例1】 —Who's that young man on the poster?
—Justin Bieber，________ excellent singer.(2013，绍兴)
A．a B．an C．the D．/
解析：表泛指，且以元音音素开头。
答案：__B__
【例2】Lin is ________ good basketball player in the NBA.(2012，重庆)
A．a B．an C．the D．/
解析：表数量“一”。
答案：__A__
【例3】 Do you know a spaceship flies at about nineteen kilometers ________ second？(2013，兰州)
A．the B．a C．/ D．an
解析：用在时间“second”前，表示“每一”。
答案：__B__
【例4】 Lianyungang is ________ attractive city.It's such ________ nice place that many tourists come here every summer.(2013，连云港)
A．a；a B．the；/ C．an；/ D．an；a
解析：表泛指，第一个空后以元音音素开头，第二个空后面以辅音音素开头。
答案：__D__
高频考向二 定冠词the
①谈话双方都知道的人或物。如：
The girl is Lucy's sister.这个女孩是露茜的妹妹。
②用于特指某人或某物。如：
The man in the car is my teacher.坐在车里的那个人是我的老师。
③用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：
The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
④用在乐器名称前。如：
She is playing the piano.她正在弹钢琴。
⑤用在序数词或形容词的最高级前。如：
Tom is the tallest in his class.汤姆在他班上个子最高。
⑥用在姓氏的复数前，表示“一家人或夫妇二人”。如：
The Browns are having dinner.布朗一家正在吃晚饭。
⑦用在上文已提到的人或物前。如：
Nancy has a cat.The cat is very cute.南希有一只猫，这只猫很可爱。
⑧用在表示海洋、江河、山脉、群岛、国家和党派等名词前，或由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：
the Huai River淮河，the United Kingdom英国，the Great Wall长城
⑨用在某些形容词前表示一类人。如：
the old老人，the young年轻人，the rich富人，the poor 穷人
⑩用于the＋比较级，the＋比较级及the＋比较级＋of＋两者的句型中。如：
The more he thinks of it，the sadder he will be.他越想越难过。
Maria is the thinner of the two girls.玛利亚是两个女孩中较瘦的那一个。
?the用在某个世纪的某个年代。如：
in the l980s 20世纪80年代
?用在某些固定短语中。如：
at the age of在……岁时，all the time一直，by the way顺便说一下，in the end最后，终于，in the morning在早上，on the right在右边，in the middle of在……中间
【例5】 —How do you like ________ color of my dress?
—Wonderful！I like it very much.(2013，重庆)
A．a B．an C．the D．/
解析：在特指的名词前用定冠词。
答案：__C__
【例6】 —How is ________ film you saw last night?
—You mean ________ one，Lost in Thailand？That's wonderful！(2013，内江)
A．a；the B．the；the
C．the；不填 D．不填；the
解析：本题两空都应用定冠词the。第一空表示特指，第二空表示在上文中已提到的物。
答案：__B__
【例7】 Mary was born in 1998 and she began to play ________ guitar at the age of seven.(2013，长沙)
A．a B．不填 C．the
解析：在西洋乐器名词前应用定冠词。
答案：__C__
高频考向三 零冠词
①复数名词和不可数名词表示一般意义而不特指具体的人或事物时前面不用冠词。如：
Blood is thicker than water.血浓于水。
②在某些专有名词前不用冠词，如国名、人名等。如：
China has a long history.中国拥有悠久的历史。
③在星期、日期、月份、季节、节日前不用冠词。如：
October 1st is National Day.十月一日是国庆节。注：若特指某年的某月或某季节时，则要在月份、季节前加定冠词the。如：
In the winter of 2010，he moved to China.在2010年的冬天，他搬到了中国。
④在三餐、球类运动及娱乐活动的名词之前不用冠词。如：
He went to school without breakfast this morning.
他今天早晨没有吃早饭就去上学了。
Davy likes playing basketball.戴维喜欢打篮球。
⑤当名词前有this，that，these，those，every，his，your，some，any等限定词或名词所有格修饰时，不用冠词。如：
Jenny's sister is my friend.珍妮的妹妹是我的朋友。
Those students often play football after school.那些学生放学后经常踢足球。
⑥在表示职位和称呼前不用冠词。如：
He was elected manager of our company last year.去年他当选为我们公司的经理。
⑦与by连用的表示交通工具的名词前不用冠词。如：
by bus坐公共汽车
by train坐火车
注：动词take或介词in，on后接表示交通工具的名词前要加冠词。如：
take a bus坐公共汽车
on a/the bus坐公共汽车
in a/the car乘小汽车
⑧用在某些习惯用语中。如：
go to school去上学
at home在家
at once立刻，马上
on time按时
in trouble陷入困境
watch TV看电视
on foot步行
by mistake错误地
day and night日日夜夜
at first首先
【例8】________ man in a black hat is my PE teacher.He often plays ________ football with us.(2013，滨州)
A．A；the B．The；a C．The；/ D．A；/
解析：第一个空表示特指，故应用冠词the；球类名词前不能用任何冠词。
答案：__C__
【例9】 It is a good habit to go to ________ bed early and get up early.(2013，丽水)
A．a B．an C．the D．不填
解析：go to bed意为“上床睡觉”，是固定搭配，不用冠词。
答案：__D__
【例10】 Chairman Xi Jinping had ________ friendly talk with US President Obama in ________ America.(2013，大庆)
A．a；/ B．the；/ C．/；the D．a；an
解析：have a talk with sb.与某人谈话，为固定搭配；表示国家的专有名词前不能用冠词。
答案：__A__
课件13张PPT。聚焦中考——英语（普版）第38讲
单项选择1．I can't find my pen.Could you help __A__ find it？(2013，北京)
A．me B．her C．him D．them
2．Look，so many passengers __C__ with their smart phones on the underground.(2013，上海)
A．played B．will play
C．are playing D．have played
3．—I visited the Purple Mountain Observatory last Sunday.
—__A__ Why didn't you tell me earlier？(2013，南京)
A．You did? B．I hope so.
C．Have a good time! D．It's kind of you.
4．—Would you like some juice or coffee?
—__B__．I like green tea instead.(2013，邵阳)
A．Either B．Neither C．Both D．None
5．—Is Kate serious?
—I __D__．She never means it.(2013，武汉)
A．suppose B．agree C．believe D．wonder中考英语单项选择题的考点主要分布在：名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、冠词、连词、介词、情态动词；时态，语态；词义辨析，语序，各种不同的从句及交际用语上。在做单项选择题时，掌握一些解题方法是很有必要的。解题的主要方法有以下五个方面：
1．直接法——直接利用相关语法知识，通过题干中的已有信息，捕捉到解题线索，从而得出正确答案的解题方法。
【例1】 Look！Sam ________ TV happily on the sofa.(2013，南充)
A．is watching B．watches
C．watched D．will watch
解析：由标志词look可知，应用现在进行时。
答案：__A__【例2】 No one can sing ________ than her.(2013，泸州)
A．well B．good C．better D．best
解析：than为比较级的标志词。
答案：__C__
1．The first day __D__ June is Children's Day.Each kid is happy ________ that day.
A．in；in B．on；in C．on；on D．in；on
2．Alan is __C__ of the two boys.
A．taller B．tallest
C．the taller D．the tallest
3．—Has your mother finished her report?
—Sorry，I don't know.She __B__ it this morning.
A．is writing B．wrote
C．writes D．had written
4．__B__ Blacks are planning to go on vacation.
A．A B．The C．An D．/
5．—Who is the little girl in the photo?
—It's me.The picture __D__ 10 years ago.
A．took B．is taken
C．has taken D．was taken2．关键词法——许多题目中都有这样一些词，它们对于快速而准确地判定答案起着至关重要的作用。我们称这些词为关键词(key words)。找到句中的关键词，也就找到了解题的突破口。
【例3】 —What's your favorite vegetable?
—Well，I like ________ best.(2013，吉林)
A．oranges B．dumplings
C．onions D．water
解析：由关键词“vegetable 蔬菜”可知，C选项符合题意。
答案：__C__
【例4】 One of the best ways for people to keep healthy is to ________ good eating habits.(2013，泰安)
A．grow B．develop C．increase D．find
解析：由关键词habits可知，习惯是养成的。
答案：__B__6．—Would you like rice or dumplings?
—__C__ is OK.I really don't mind.
A．None B．Neither C．Either D．Both
7．Mrs Smith lives in such a big house without a child around.So she feels very __A__．
A．lonely B．alone C．rich D．nervous
8．—How was the story?
—It was too __C__．I fell asleep when I read it.
A．interesting B．wonderful
C．boring D．difficult
9．—It's the third time that Tom has failed to plant such flowers.
—Yes.But I think we should __C__ him to try again.
A．agree B．let C．encourage D．make
10．—Alice will go to London with her teacher next week.
—What a good __D__！She is really a lucky girl.
A．decision B．idea C．plan D．chance3．前后照应法——此方法多用于两个以上句子或对话形式命题的题目，解题前理解句子意思，然后联系上下文，捕捉隐含信息，方能准确找出答案。
【例5】 —Did you find the small village yesterday?
—Yes，without any difficulty，for it has ________ changed over years.(2013，镇江)
A．hardly B．greatly C．clearly D．nearly
解析：由前半句“没有任何困难”可知“这些年小村庄没有改变什么”。
答案：__A__
【例6】 —Mr.Li，I can't understand everything in class.
—Don't worry！I'll ________ the main points at the end.(2013，扬州)
A．record B．review C．require D．remember
解析：前文：“李老师，我不能听懂课堂上所有的知识”，可知下文应是“别担心，我会在最后复习主要知识点。”
答案：__B__
11．—Jack looks __A__．
—He sure is.He worked a whole night yesterday.
A．sleepy B．energetic
C．worried D．unhappy
12．Tony's sad look __B__ he got bad grades in French.
A．imagines B．suggests
C．improves D．advices
13．—Did you __C__ the cookies made by my mother?
—Yes，I ate three.
A．miss B．expect C．taste D．offer
14．—Would you like an ice-cream，Diane?
—No，thanks.I __A__ eat them.They're bad for my teeth.
A．never B．often C．always D．sometimes
15．—Could you get here at 10：00 this morning?
—__C__．I'll be at a meeting at that time.
A．I hope not B．Don't mention it
C．I'm afraid not D．No problem
4．短语及固定搭配
【例7】—What are you going to do when you grow up?
—A singer，but my parents wish me ________ a teacher.(2013，扬州)
A．am B．to be C．will be D．be
解析：wish sb.to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“希望某人做某事”。
答案：__B__
【例8】The charity provides homeless people ________ food and clothes.(2013，齐齐哈尔)
A．with B．for C．as D．of
解析：provide sb.with sth./provide sth.for sb.为固定搭配，意为“为某人提供某物”。
答案：__A__
16．Mr.Wang refused __D__ cards with them.He wanted to do something different.
A．play B．playing C．played D．to play
17．Mr.Smith used to __D__ his car to work，but now he is used to ________．
A．drive；walk B．driving；walking
C．driving；walk D．drive；walking
18．—Did you watch the football game on TV?
—Yes，I did.__B__ people also watched it.
A．Several millions B．Millions of
C．Two millions D．Two millions of
19．—How funny the picture is!
—Yes，it is.Every time I see it，I can't help __B__．
A．laugh B．laughing C．laughed D．to laugh
20．—Hi，Bob！Our teachers told us __B__ an electric bike.It's too dangerous.
—I'm sorry.I won't do it again.
A．to ride B．not to ride
C．not ride D．not riding
5．交际法——此方法用于交际用语中，联系上下文直接解题。
【例9】
—I had a pleasant weekend on the farm.
—________．(2013，武汉)
A．Oh，that's very nice of you
B．It's a pleasure
C．Congratulations
D．I'm glad to hear that
解析：考查交际用语。问句句意为“我在农场度过了一个愉快的周末。”听到对方说过得开心，答话者应该感到高兴。
答案：__D__
【例10】 —________？
—I'm looking for a pair of google glasses for my grandson.(2013，山西)
A．How is it going
B．Who's that speaking
C．What can I do for you
D．Can you help me
解析：由答语可知是关于购物的用语。
答案：__C__
21．—Sorry.I have lost the book you lent me yesterday.
—__C__．
A．Certainly not B．Don't say like that
C．It doesn't matter D．I don't care at all
22．—Would you like me to help you with the housework?
—__A__．
A．That's very kind of you
B．Not at all
C．You're welcome
D．That's a good idea
23．—Help yourself to some more meat，Linda.
—__A__．
A．I'm full，thanks B．It's my pleasure
C．It doesn't matter D．Very well，thank you
课件11张PPT。聚焦中考——英语（普版）第38讲
完形填空（二）完形填空。(2013，金华、丽水)
I used to live in my own room alone.But one day it all changed when my brother Mike asked to share my __1__．At first，my parents said “no” to him，but at last my mother agreed.I cried and asked my parents not to do this，__2__ it didn't work.
As soon as Mike entered my room，it began to become __3__．To my anger，he often left his unwashed clothes and toys everywhere!
One evening，I was doing some __4__ on my computer while Mike was listening to music.__5__，I left my seat to get some water.A big surprise was waiting for me when I __6__ .He was using my computer to play games.I had forgotten to save the homework.Sadly，he had closed my program __7__ saving it—all I had done had disappeared! I __8__ him.He cried a lot as my mother came and beat him.My mother also asked him to leave my room at once.Then I did my homework __9__．At 10: 00 pm，I finished it.When I was going to turn off the __10__，I saw the photo of my __11__ that he had put on my table.I looked at his lovely face and remembered how __12__ he was when my mom beat him.I really felt __13__ .I went to see what he was doing.I found he was __14__ in my parents' bed.I kissed his face.He woke up，got up and said.“I'm sorry.I won't bring you any more trouble.”
I was as moved and said.“From now on，my room is not only mine.It is __15__！” That very night，Mike and I shared not only the room，but the bed.
(C)1.A.clothes B．food
C．room D．toys
(B)2.A.because B．butC．or D．so
(A)3.A.dirty B．empty C．quiet D．tidy
(B)4.A.business B．homework
C．reading D．shopping
(A)5.A.Later B．Instead C．However D．Sometimes
(C)6.A.danced B．fell C．returned D．slept
(D)7.A.after B．by C．for D．without
(D)8.A agreed with B．heard from
C．looked after D．shouted at
(D)9.A as well B．for ever
C．in the end D．once again
(A)10.A computer B．fan
C．radio D．TV
(A)11.A.brother B．cousin
C．father D．grandfather
(C)12.A.clever B．happy C．sad D．silly
(D)13.A.bored B．excited C．proud D．sorry
(B)14.A.jumping B．sleeping
C．sitting D．singing
(C)15.A.his B．hers C．ours D．theirs ?熟练语法、固定搭配轻松解题
对语法、固定搭配等基础知识的考查也是完形填空的命题角度之一。对于这种题，考生除了要注意平时的积累外，还要针对语法结构、句式特点、短文设空中需填的词在句中作什么成分、哪类词适合、应采取什么形式等进行分析，从而解决问题。
【例5】 He knew that his friends all had bicycles. It was hard to hang out with people when you were the only one without a bicycle. He thought about ________ he could do.(2013，长沙，34)
A．why B．how C．what
解析：空白处所填词在宾语从句中作do的宾语，句意为“他考虑了他能做的一切事情”。
答案：__C__He didn't use to give his mother many problems. __5__，after his father's death a few years ago, Martin's life became much more difficult.(2013，黄冈，47)
(D)5.A.So B．But
C．Therefore D．However
?多方推断寻求线索
完形填空所提供的是一篇具有完整意义的短文，其段与段、句与句、甚至词与词之间都有不可分割的、千丝万缕的联系。因此考生在做题时不要只注意设空处所在的短句子或段落，还要善于从上下文中寻找相关的提示信息。考生可利用正向推断法、逆向推断法和正逆向联合推断法寻找相关信息。
正向推断法要求考生利用已知信息推断下文未知信息，当然这儿所指的信息包括设空处近处或远处的信息。考生应认真阅读并分析上下文内容，弄清事实，并思考下文的发展方向，从而推断下文的未知信息。逆向推断法要求考生利用下文已知信息反向推断上文未知信息。当利用上文已知信息无法准确推断下文未知信息时，不能着急，应沉着冷静地阅读下文，看下文哪些事实或细节是上文未知信息的延伸和发展，并由此推断出空格处的未知信息。
在有些情况下，空格处未知信息既不能单独由上文已知信息正向推断而出，也不能单独由下文反向推断而出，而需要考生利用其上下文已知信息联合推断而出。考生应认真阅读并分析上下文，看哪些细节或事实与空格处有联系，并由此推断出空格处的未知信息。
①正向推断法
【例6】 ..., a circle lost a piece of its own. The circle wanted to be whole, so it went around, looking for its ________ piece.(2013，兰州，41)
A．miss B．lose C．missing D．losing
解析：由上文“a circle lost a piece of its own”可知，一个圆失去了一块，但它想变成一个整圆，所以它到处寻找丢失了的那一块。此处应填形容词missing“丢失的”。
答案：__C__Sometimes I wonder whether there is any love between my parents....I sat down beside her. “Mom, I have a question to ask you.”．.. “Is there __6__ between you and dad？” I asked her ...(2013，西宁，33)
(A)6.A.love B．friendship C．money D．thanks
My uncle, an old man, had a strange experience last week. On Saturday evening, he went to a show at the cinema. After the show was over, he had __7__ at a small restaurant.(2013，宁夏，36)
(B)7.A.breakfast B．supper C．lunch D．meal
②逆向推断法
【例7】 When he arrived home，...He had left the key ________ and banged (砰地关上) the door close when going out.(2013，宁夏，38)
A．outside B．out C．inside D．over
解析：由下文中“when going out”可知，他应该是把钥匙落在家里了。
答案：__C__It was a grammar lesson. He __8__ grammar. He wanted to leave school and work....Then he started daydreaming.(2013，新疆，41)
(A)8.A.hated B．loved C．studied D．enjoyed
People often feel stressed when they have a big __9__ such as performing in a play，taking a test, or playing in a sports match.(2013，青海，43)
(B)9.A.work B．job C．rest D．sleep
③正逆向联合法
【例8】 ..., the best doctors in the town examined him carefully, but could find nothing wrong....It was just that he never spoke.
“There might be something wrong with his ________， and he doesn't know he's able to speak，”one doctor said.(2013，安徽，55)
A．back B．hair C．face D．mind解析：由上文中“but could find nothing wrong”及下文中“he doesn't know he's able to speak”可知，医生判断，他的脑袋出了问题。
答案：__D__
A man was driving his car on a country road.Suddenly two three-legged chickens ran across the road.
“Wow！How __10__ those chickens run！”said the man.
He was really curious about these chickens，...
“Interesting! How does the chicken taste？” asked the man.
“Well, there is a problem—we haven't been able to catch one yet! ” said the farmer.(2013，南宁，36)
(D)10.A.slowly B．quick C．sudden D．fast
?复读全文检验答案
把填充后的短文反复阅读一两遍，逐一检查、校对所选答案是否符合短文中心及上下文要求，并确保没有不符合语言规范、不符合语法规则的选项。
很多同学做完形填空题存在一个误区，把很多的时间放到四个选项的比较上，这会降低解题效率。正确做法应是：
①顺藤摸瓜，首先是藤，你拿到文章之后要重点读第一句。
②瞻前顾后，在文章空格的上下文处，你觉得这个地方需要什么词，带着这个目的在四个选项里找。
③顾全大局，做一道题时应该在段落里面理解一句话。
④认清细节，比如考固定搭配的题。
总之要想成功突破完形填空必须做到：研读首尾，抓主题；上下联系，寻信息；左顾右盼，找搭配；思前想后，觅逻辑；语境分析，辨词义；回读检查，补漏洞。课件14张PPT。聚焦中考——英语（普版）第41讲
阅读理解（一）阅读理解。(2013，上海)
Dear Liz，
My stay in Thailand has certainly been the experience of my life.
Life is busy and exciting. Bangkok is just like any other big city with a population of 10 million and heavy traffic. I'm very lucky because my host family is in a nice quiet area outside the city. There are Mr. and Mrs. Phairat, their son Sanan, who is 18, the daughter Chinda, who is 16, and Grandpa and Grandma.
I go to an international school with Sanan and Chinda. The school teaches about 70 percent in English, and 30 percent in Thai. I've learned some spoken language, but Thai writing is very difficult.The cooking lesson is my favourite. I'm learning all about Thai food and culture. People don't use chopsticks here, but spoons and forks. When I come back, I'm going to cook you a real Thai meal.Last weekend we visited some temples. We also drove to Pattaya beach near Bangkok. I thought it was great, but Sanan and Chinda say that next month they're taking me to Phuket Island, where the beaches are even more beautiful. The month after next, we're going to travel to Mr. Phairat's hometown in the north of Thailand. The Phairats own land there, and they have two elephants. I'm going to ride those elephants—and even wash them. Sanan and Chinda say it's really fun.
I'm amazed by everything in this country, especially by the elephants. Elephants are an important part of Thai culture and way of life. They have been a traditional symbol (象征) of Thailand for many years in times of war and peace. In the seventh century, a Thai king trained 20，000 elephants for battle.
I'll tell you all about my Thai boxing (拳击) lessons next time I write.
Love，
Mandy1．How many family members are there in Mandy's host family？__C__
A．4. B．5. C．6. D．7.
2．Mandy writes in her e-mail that the __D__ lesson is her favourite.
A．Thai speaking B．boxing
C．Thai writing D．cooking
3．Next month, Mandy is going to visit __B__．
A．Pattaya beach B．Phuket Island
C．Mr. Phairat's hometown D．Bangkok
4．According to the e-mail, __D__ has been a symbol of Thailand for many years.
5．From the e-mail we know that Mandy is __C__ when she stays in Thailand.
A．bored B．quiet C．excited D．proud
6．What is the possible subject of the e-mail？__A__
A．Study trip in Thailand
B．Food culture in Thailand
C．Elephant riding in Thailand
D．International schools in Thailand
中考英语“阅读理解”题主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力。很多同学在做题时常常有一种“读得懂做不对”的感觉。那么有必要对阅读理解这种题型及其解题技巧作一些简要的分析。
从近几年的中考阅读理解情况看，短文体裁多样，题材各异，文章涉及科学知识、社会文化、政治历史、人文环境和日常生活等方面，充分体现其时代性、实用性。短文难度逐年加大。常见题型有主旨题、细节题、推断题、猜测词义题和正误判断题。
做阅读理解练习应先看问题，弄清考点。在阅读短文之前，快速浏览问题，以便在阅读短文时做到心中有数，快速、准确地捕捉所要信息。先易后难。做题时不必拘泥于书中所呈现的语篇顺序，应遵循先易后难的原则。如可先做细节题再做推断题，因为细节题大多能直接从文中找到答案，而推断题则需对短文进行深层理解，再作判断。(一)主旨概括题
主旨题主要考查学生对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。做此类题时，应通读全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主题句的意义。短文往往围绕主题句展开，主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。
(二)细节理解题
细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。做此类题时，应快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、数字等，阅读时要有针对性。【例1】(2013，温州)
It has been more than two thousand years since we began to use an umbrella on rainy days.However，people often felt it not convenient to hold an umbrella while working.Then the rubber raincoat was invented by an Englishman named Macintosh in 1823.
In 1492，Columbus，a well-known Italian voyager，discovered the New World—the Americas.He brought a lot of things to Europe from South America.Rubber was one of them，but people didn't know the use of rubber at that time.In 1770，people found that the rubber could be used as erasers.
Macintosh was a worker in an eraser factory in Scotland.One day he spilled (洒出) the rubber liquid over his clothes carelessly when making erasers.He was too busy to clean it and went back home wearing the dirty clothes.On the way home，it rained heavily.Having no umbrella，Macintosh had to run home quickly.When he got home，he took off the wet clothes.To his surprise，the area of the clothes with rubber wasn't wet.“Why not make a rubber raincoat？” Macintosh thought.The next day he brushed the rubber liquid all over a coat.He wore the“rubber coat” on rainy days and took a walk in the field to test if it could really keep off the rain.Surprisingly，the clothes inside the “rubber coat”weren't wet at all.The rubber raincoat was created in this way by chance.
The rubber raincoats soon appeared on the market.However，they were sticky (黏的) in summer and hardened in winter.Year after year，people kept on improving the raincoats.Today raincoats are widely used in our daily life.1．The rubber raincoat was invented by________.
A．a Chinese B．an Italian
C．an Englishman D．an American
解析：细节理解题。由第一段的最后一句．..was invented by an Englishman...可知，雨衣是由英国人发明的。
答案：__C__
2．What did Columbus bring to Europe in 1492?
A．Rubber. B．Umbrellas.
C．Erasers. D．Raincoats.
解析：细节理解题。由第二段的第二、三句“He brought a lot of things...Rubber was one of them...”可知，Columbus把橡胶带到了欧洲。
答案：__A__
3．Why did Macintosh wear the “rubber coat”on rainy days?
A．To show his nice“rubber coat”．
B．To sell it to a farmer.
C．To test if it could keep off the rain.
D．To go to work in the field.解析：细节理解题。由第三段倒数第三句“...took a walk in the field to test if it could really keep off the rain.”可知，他在雨天穿橡胶外套是为了测试它是否真的能够挡雨。
答案：__C__
4．Which of the following is TRUE?
A．Macintosh worked in a market in the Scotland.
B．The rubber raincoat was created by chance.
C．The first rubber raincoat was sticky in the winter.
D．The umbrella was invented after the rubber raincoat.
解析：细节理解题。由第三段最后一句．..was created in this way by chance.可知，雨衣是被偶然发明的。
答案：__B__(2013，重庆)
Sometimes the easiest way to get somewhere is on the back of a bike.
More and more people are using cars in many places in Africa today. However, things are different in Malawi (马拉维). Bikes are the most popular in this African country.
Bike riding is a way of life in Malawi. People use them to carry heavy things. They also use bikes to carry people, especially tourists. These years, taking a “bicycle taxi” to travel around Malawi has become quite popular among tourists from all over the world.
If you go to Malawi, you will find a lot of bike taxis waiting on the sides of the roads. The riders make the bikes comfortable for passengers to sit on. You can jump on a bike taxi and get around at a very low cost.Alice is a 21-year-old student from Canada. She enjoys the special bike riding a lot. “I really like the bike taxi，”she says.“It's easy and cheap.” Alice usually pays just $1 for going shopping in town.
28-year-old Panjira Khombe began to ride a bike taxi two years ago. The young man enjoys this job. “I used to make boats for a living, but that's a hard job. Being a bike taxi rider is easy for me and I don't mind carrying heavy people，” he says.
1．In Malawi __B__ are the most popular way for people to get somewhere.
A．cars B．bikes C．trains D．buses
2．The passage tells us that Alice enjoys the bike taxi because it's __D__．
A．on the side of the road B．popular and heavy
C．all over the country D．cheap and easy3．From the passage we learn Panjira Khombe thinks that __B__．
A．going shopping is easy
B．making boats is difficult
C．riding a bike taxi is cheap
D．carrying heavy people is interesting
4．The best title of the passage may be “__C__”．
A．Bike Riders B．A Special Country
C．Bike Taxis D．A Cheap Journey
课件8张PPT。聚焦中考——英语（普版）第35讲
定语从句【名题实战】
1．I can't find the book __C__ my mother bought me.(2013，鞍山)
A．who B．when C．which D．what
2．— Look！That is the woman __B__ I met yesterday.
—Oh？She's my aunt.(2013，湛江)
A．what B．who C．where D．when
3．This is the school __A__ we visited last year.(2013，黄石)
A．that B．where C．who D．whose
【考点梳理】
中考对定语从句的考查主要集中在定语从句的功能，结构和关系词的用法上，重点考查由that，which，who引导的定语从句。高频考向一 定语从句的关系词
定语从句在句中作定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系代词who，whom，that，which，whose或关系副词when，where，why等引出。
①who，whom，that代替的先行词是指人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。如：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you？他是想见你的那个人吗？
He is the man(who/whom/that)I saw yesterday.他是昨天我看到的那个人。
②which，that代替的先行词是指代事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。如：
Mary likes music that/which is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
The coat(that/which)I put on the desk is blue.我放桌子上的外套是蓝色的。
③whose用来指人或物。(只用作定语)如：
Please pass me the book whose cover is green.请把封面是绿色的那本书递给我。
④关系副词有when，where，why，它们在句中作状语。如：I'll never forget the days when we studied together.我永远忘不了我们一起学习的那些日子。
This is the city where my father worked ten years ago.这是我爸十年前工作的城市。
Do you know the reason why he was late for school?
你知道他上学迟到的原因吗？
【例1】 —Do you know Mo Yan?
—Of course.He is the famous writer ________ won the Nobel Prize in 2012.(2013，福州)
A．who B．whom C．which
解析：考查定语从句关系词。先行词是writer，指人，且在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词who。
答案：__A__
【例2】 Please pass me the cartoon book ________ has a Mickey Mouse on the cover.(2012，天津)
A．whom B．whose C．who D．which
解析：先行词是book，指物，因此关系词用which.
答案：__D__
【例3】 This is the primary school ________ I studied three years ago.(2012，宜宾)
A．where B．when C．that D．which
解析：先行词school在定语从句中作studied的地点状语。
答案：__A__
高频考向二 关系词只能用that而不用which的情况
①当先行词前被形容词最高级修饰时。如：
This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.这是我所看过的足球赛中最激烈的一场。
②当先行词前有一个序数词修饰时。如：
The first thing that you could do was to turn off the light.你首先要做的就是关灯。
③当先行词为all，everything，nothing，something，anything，little，much，none等不定代词时(something后也可用which)。如：
All that we have to do for our students is to tell them how to speak English in class.我们为学生所要做的事情就是告诉他们如何在课上说英语。
I'm going to buy everything that I need.我要去买我所需要的一切东西。
④当先行词前面有only，all，any，no等词修饰时。如：
That's all that I want to say.这就是我所有想说的。
⑤当并列的先行词分别表示人和物时。如：
They are talking about things and persons that they remembered.他们正在谈论他们所能回忆起来的人或事。
【例4】 The Palace Museum is the best place ________ I've ever visited.(2013，十堰)
A．that B．which C．where D．what
解析：在先行词place前有形容词最高级best修饰，关系词只能用that。
答案：__A__【例5】 Look at the boy and his dog ________ are coming this way.
A．who B．which C．that D．whom
解析：先行词是由人与物组成时，关系代词用that。
答案：__C__
高频考向三 关系词只能用who(whom)而不用that的情况
①当先行词为all，any或其合成词或a few且指人时。如：
Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.任何违法的人都会受到惩罚。
②当先行词为that，this，those或these且指人时。如：
Those who hadn't bought the tickets for the train crowded in the waiting hall.那些还没买着票的人拥挤在候车厅里。③当先行词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时，在口语中用who或whom引导均可，但如直接位于介词后作宾语时，只能用whom。如：
The guest (who/whom) I'll first introduce to you is a little girl.我首先要介绍给你们的客人是一位小姑娘。
I met a few friends of mine，among whom was my old classmate.我遇见几位朋友，其中一位是我的老同学。
【例6】 Success will belong to those ________ never say “impossible”．(2012，河南)
A．whom B．what C．who D．which
解析：先行词those，故关系代词用who。
答案：__C__课件14张PPT。聚焦中考——英语（普版）第34讲
宾语从句【名题实战】
1．— Could you tell me __B__ in your hometown in winter?
—Sure.(2013，鄂州)
A．whether does it often snow
B．whether it often snows
C．if it often snow
D．if does it snow
2．—Did the radio say __B__？
—Yes，from Hunan.(2013，重庆)
A．how the bad rice came
B．where the bad rice came from
C．how did the bad rice come from
D．where did the bad rice come from
3．—Could you tell me __D__？
—At nine o'clock，in ten minutes.(2013，襄阳)
A．how will he leave B．when he has left
C．why he is leaving D．when he will leave4．I don't remember __A__ the book yesterday.(2013，北京)
A．where I put B．where did I put
C．where will I put D．where I will put
5．—Hey！Mike，guess __B__ for my coming vacation.
—To Hainan Island？You always like somewhere interesting.(2013，台州)
A．when I will take B．where I'm going
C．when I will leave D．who I'm going with
【考点梳理】
中考对宾语从句考查的重点是引导词、时态和语序。高频考向一 宾语从句的引导词
①宾语从句是陈述句，引导词用that，在口语中that可以省略。如：
We believe(that)he is honest.我们相信他是诚实的。
②如果宾语从句由一般疑问句转换而来，其引导词用if或whether。一般情况下，二者可以通用，但从句中有or not或从句充当介词的宾语时，只能用whether。如：
I don't know if/whether she will come here.我不知道是否她将来这儿。
Sorry，I don't know whether he will come or not.对不起，我不知道他是否会来。
③宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，引导词就是特殊疑问词。如：
Could you tell me where the post office is？你能告诉我邮局在哪里吗？
The teacher asked the students what they were doing.老师问这些学生正在做什么。
【例1】Could you say it again？I can't understand ________ you are talking about.(2013，广州)
A．how B．when C．what D．which解析：how和when在宾语从句中作状语，而此处宾语从句的引导词在宾语从句中作talk about的宾语，故排除A、B两项；what“什么”，which“哪一个”，由句意“我无法理解你正在谈论什么”可知应用what。
答案：__C__
【例2】 —Could you tell me ________ he came here?
—He drove here himself.(2012，安徽)
A．how B．why C．when D．whether
解析：本题考查宾语从句的引导词。how“怎样”，why“为什么”；when“什么时候”；whether“是否”。由答语“他是自己开车来这儿的”知问句为“你能告诉我他是怎样来这儿的吗？”。答案：__A__
高频考向二 宾语从句的时态
宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态是由主句中谓语动词的时态来决定的，一般有下面几种情况：
①主句的时态为一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时，从句的谓语动词的时态要根据具体的情况用相应的任何时态。如：
He says he will ask Mr.Hu to give Jim some work.他说他将叫胡先生给吉姆一些工作。
②主句的时态为过去的某种时态时，从句的谓语动词的时态要用相应的某一过去的时态。如：
She said she missed us very much.她说她非常想念我们。
③从句表示的是客观真理、普遍真理、自然现象时，从句的时态一律使用一般现在时。如：
He said that the sun is bigger than the earth.他说太阳比地球大。
【例3】 The official said that they ________ a new law to protect the tourists the next year.(2013，上海)
A．makes B．would make
C．made D．have made解析：主句的谓语动词said是过去式，因此从句也应用过去的某种时态，由时间状语the next year可知应用过去将来时。
答案：__B__
【例4】 —Can you tell me ________ the prize，Tom?
—Last year.
A．when you got B．when did you get
C．when will you get D．when you will get
解析：宾语从句的语序须是陈述句语序，排除B、C项；由答句last year可知从句的时态为一般过去时。
答案：__A__
高频考向三 宾语从句的语序
?含有宾语从句的复合句中，宾语从句要使用陈述语序，即“引导词＋主语＋谓语＋其他”。如：I want to know when the train left.我想知道火车什么时候离开的。
注意：①有些特殊疑问句本身是陈述句语序。如：
What's wrong with…？/Which is the way to…？
/ What happened to you…？
/What's the matter/trouble…？
/Who studies the hardest in your class?
②do you think后接宾语从句时，特殊疑问词即引导词要前置，do you think作为插入语。如：
Who do you think he is talking with？你认为他正在和谁交谈？
?由do，does，did构成的疑问句，在转换成宾语从句时，要去掉do，does，did，且从句中的谓语动词要根据主句时态作出相应的变化。如：
Does he sing well？The music teacher asked him.
→The music teacher asked him if(whether)he sang well.这个音乐老师想知道他唱得是否好。
?如果是will，be，have，can组成的疑问句，在变为宾语从句时，要把这些词还原到句中原来的谓语位置上，并根据主句的时态作相应的变化。如：Will you be free tomorrow？She asked me.
→She asked me if(whether) I would be free tomorrow.她问我明天是否是空闲的。
【例5】 —Hi，Bruce.Here is a letter for you.
—Thanks.I wonder ________.(2013，滨州)(2012，武汉)
A．who the letter was from
B．who was from the letter
C．who was the letter from
D．who from the letter was
解析：宾语从句应用陈述语序，即be动词、助动词和情态动词都应放在主语后，在此宾语从句中，主语是the letter，谓语was from应放在主语后，故排除选项B和C；选项D将from置于主语前，是错误的。句意“嗨，布鲁斯。这儿有你的一封信”“谢谢。我想知道这封信是谁寄来的。”
答案：__A__【例6】 —Can you tell me ________ this morning?
—Sorry，I've no idea.(2012，桂林)
A．why didn't Daming come to school
B．why Daming didn't come to school
C．why doesn't Daming come to school
D．why Daming doesn't come to school
解析：由this morning可知事情发生在过去，故排除C、D两项；宾语从句应用陈述句语序。
答案：__B__
高频考向四 宾语从句的否定前移
在宾语从句中，当主句的谓语动词为think，believe，expect，imagine，suppose等时，如果主句为I或we时，从句中表示否定意义的not应移到think，believe，expect，imagine，suppose等前。如：I don't suppose he will come.我猜他不会来。
注意：如果主句主语不是I或we，则not不前移。如：
She thinks she can't arrive there on time.她认为她不能按时到那儿。
【例7】 翻译：我认为明天不会下雨。
I__don't__think__it__will__rain__tomorrow.
高频考向五 宾语从句的转化
①当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且谓语动词是hope，wish，decide等时，从句可转化为不定式结构。如：
I hope that I can see you again.
＝I hope to see you again.我希望能再次见到你。②当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且谓语动词是know，remember，forget，learn等时，从句可转化为“疑问词＋不定式”结构。如：
I don't know what I should say.
＝I don't know what to say.我不知道该说什么。
③当主句的谓语动词是ask，tell，show，teach等，且宾语从句的主语和主句的间接宾语一致时，从句可转化为“不定式结构”或“疑问词＋不定式”结构。如：
Mr.Hu tells us that we shouldn't draw on the wall.
＝Mr.Hu tells us not to draw on the wall.胡老师告诉我们不应该在墙上画画。
Will you please tell me where I can buy stamps?
＝Will you please tell me where to buy stamps？请告诉我在哪儿能买到邮票？④有些宾语从句可转化为复合宾语结构，常用动词find，think，make。如：
I think it is necessary for us to learn to wait.
＝I think it necessary for us to learn to wait.
I find she is a good girl.＝I find her a good girl.
⑤由what引导的宾语从句可转化为定语从句。如：
We did what we could to help you.
＝We did everything (that) we could to help you.
Robert saw what Mr.Smith did.
＝Robert saw everything (that) Mr.Smith did.
【例8】 将下列句子改为简单句。
The teacher told the boy he shouldn't spend too much time playing games.(2012，随州)
解析：主句的谓语动词是tell，宾语从句的主语是主句的间接宾语，故从句可简化为不定式结构：tell sb.not to do sth.。
答案：The__teacher__told__the__boy__not__to__spend__too__much__time__playing__games.
课件26张PPT。聚焦中考——英语（普版）第26讲
形容词和副词【名题实战】
1．Be quick！The game will begin __A__．(2013，天津)
A．immediately B．recently
C．carefully D．luckily
2．You look tired these days.I think you need a __C__ sleep.(2013，重庆)
A．shorter B．shortest C．better D．best
3．Lanzhou is the only capital city that the Yellow River，the second __B__ river in China，pass through.(2013，兰州)
A．long B．longest C．longer D．length4．Peter speaks Chinese well indeed，but of course not __A__ a local speaker in China.(2013，苏州)
A．so fluently as B．more fluent than
C．as fluent as D．much fluently than
5．It's __C__ to listen to light music when you feel tired.(2013，温州)
A．dangerous B．scary C．relaxing D．difficult
【考点梳理】
中考试题对形容词的考查涉及形容词作定语、表语、宾语补足语的基本用法；形容词原级、比较级和最高级的各种句型；易混淆的形容词用法辨析等。其中，形容词比较等级句型，形容词修饰不定代词something，anything，everything，nothing时的位置，易混淆的形容词用法辨析等是考查的热点。
中考试题对副词的考查涉及常用副词的用法、副词等级的各种句型，易混淆副词用法辨析等。高频考向一 形容词
?作定语，一般放在所修饰词的前面。但形容词修饰something，anything，nothing，everything等复合不定代词时，须放在其后；形容词修饰疑问代词时，也须放在其后。如：
It's a cold and windy day.这是个既寒冷又有大风的一天。
Would you like something hot to drink？你想要喝些热的东西吗？
What else can you see？你还能看见其他什么东西？
?作表语，放在系动词的后面。常见的系动词有be，become，get(变)，make(使)，turn(变)，keep，feel，look(看起来)，seem，smell，sound，taste。如：
He looks happy today.他今天看起来很高兴。
Silk feels soft.绸子摸起来很软。
Milk is able to turn bad easily in summer.夏天，牛奶容易变质。
?作宾语补足语。形容词作宾补时，应放在宾语之后，表示宾语的性质、状态等。如：
He always makes us happy.他总是使我们高兴。
?注意点：①表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。如：
How long is the river？It's about two thousand metres long.这条河有多长？大约2000米长。
②只能作表语的形容词：afraid害怕；alone独自的；asleep 睡着的；awake醒着的；alive活着的；well健康的；ill病的；frightened害怕的。如：
The man is ill.(正)
The ill man is my uncle.(误)
③貌似副词的形容词：lonely独自的；friendly友好的；lively生动的；lovely可爱的。如：
It's very kind of you to help me.你帮助我，真好。
It's not easy to learn a foreign language.学好一门外语不容易。
【例1】 —What was Jim wearing at the party?1．population
【特别关注】
More than three quarters of the population are Chinese.超过四分之三的人口是中国人。
What is the population of Wenzhou？温州的人口有多少？
【拓展精析】
population指人口总数，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，但当population前有分数、百分数等修饰时，谓语动词用复数形式。
population还可以被large/small修饰，表示“人口众多或稀少”，但不被many/few修饰。询问人口多少的常用句型：What is the population of...?
注意：many/few可修饰people。How many people多少人。What is the population of Hangzhou？＝How many people are there in Hangzhou?【活学活用】
1)—Which city has __D__ population，Shanghai，Hong Kong or Qingdao?
—Shanghai，of course.
A．the smallest B．the least
C．the most D．the largest
2．look
【特别关注】
Two people are looking through the books in the bookstore.两个人正在书店里浏览书籍。
【拓展精析】
look through浏览—Nothing ________.He was in his usual shirt and jeans.(2013，安徽)
A．special B．simple
C．important D．interesting
解析：special“特别的”；simple“简单的，简朴的”；important“重要的”；interesting“有趣的”。由答语“他穿着他平时的衬衫和牛仔裤”可知此处意为“没什么特别的”。
答案：__A__
【例2】 Linda felt very ________ after the long way，so she stopped to have a rest.(2013，德州)
A．surprised B．shy C．tired D．excited解析：surprised“惊奇的”；shy“害羞的”；tired“劳累的”；excited“兴奋的”。由后半句句意“因此她停下来休息”推知前半句句意为“琳达在走了很长的路之后，感到非常累。”
答案：__C__
【例3】 Fred is always ________ because he often does something good for his health outdoors.(2013，莱芜)
A．weak B．nervous C．serious D．energetic
解析：由后半句句意“因为他经常在户外做一些有益健康的事情”推知，前半句句意为“Fred总是精力充沛”。weak“虚弱的”；nervous“紧张的”；serious“严肃的”；energetic“精力充沛的”。
答案：__D__高频考向二 副词
?副词按性质和用途可分为时间副词、地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词等。
①时间副词
通常用来表示动作发生的时间。常见的时间副词有now，today，tomorrow，yesterday，before，late，early，never，seldom，sometimes，often，usually，always等。
②地点副词
通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有here，there，inside，outside，home，upstairs，downstairs，anywhere，everywhere，nowhere，somewhere，down，up，off，in，out等。
③方式副词
一般用来回答“怎样的”这类问题，绝大部分由形容词词尾加-ly构成，少数与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有badly，carefully，proudly，suddenly，successfully，angrily，happily，slowly，warmly，wildly，well，fast，hard，alone，high，straight等。④程度副词
多数用来修饰形容词和副词，少数用来修饰动词和介词短语。常见的程度副词有much，(a) little，a bit，very，so，too，enough，quite，rather，pretty，greatly，nearly，almost，deeply，hardly等。
⑤疑问副词
一般引导特殊疑问句。常见的疑问副词有how，when，where，why等。
?几组常见副词的用法。
①also，too，either
三者都表示“也”。also通常放在句中，位于系动词、情态动词或助动词后面，实义动词前面；too通常用在肯定句中，放在句末；either用在否定句中，放在句末。②very与much
二者都可以表示“很”，但用法不同：very修饰形容词和副词的原级，而much修饰形容词和副词的比较级。
③ago与before
ago表示以现在为起点的一段时间以前，不能单独使用，必须和一些表示时间概念的短语搭配，常和过去时连用。before表示在过去或将来某个时间以前，也可以指“以前”，可单独使用，常与过去完成时、过去时、现在完成时连用。
④so与such
so修饰形容词或副词，表示“如此地”；such修饰名词，表示“如此的”。many，much，little，few＋名词，前面只能用so而不能用such修饰；such可以修饰a lot of＋名词。
⑤sometime，sometimes，some time与some times
sometime某一时间，某一时刻(可指将来，也可指过去)sometimes有时，不时的
some time一段时间
some times几次，几倍
【例4】 The baby is sleeping.Please speak ________.(2013，聊城)
A．loudly B．clearly C．quietly D．politely
解析：loudly意为“大声地，响亮地”；clearly意为“清楚地”；quietly意为“安静地，悄悄地”；politely意为“礼貌地”。句意为“那个宝宝正在睡觉，请悄悄地说”。
答案：__C__
【例5】 Speak aloud，please！I can ________ hear you.(2013，莱芜)
A．usually B．almost C．hardly D．nearly
解析：usually“通常”；almost“几乎；差不多”；hardly“几乎不”；nearly“几乎；差不多”。由前句“请大声讲话！”推知，后句句意为“我几乎听不见你说话。”答案：__C__
【例6】 —________ can you finish this English examination?
—In about one and a half hours.
A．How far B．How often
C．How soon D．How long
解析：how far“多远”；how often“多久一次”；how soon“多久以后”；how long“多长时间”。由答语句意“大约一个半小时以后”可知此处是提问“多久以后”。
答案：__C__
高频考向三 形容词、副词等级的用法
1．形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成
①规则变化②不规则变化
③下列单、双音节词只能加more和most
2.形容词、副词等级的用法
?原级的用法
①只能修饰原级的词：very，quite，so，too，rather。如：He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。
②as...as...和……一样(中间用原级)
not as(so)．..as和……不一样(中间用原级) 如：Tom is as old as Kate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。
Tom is twice as old as Kate.汤姆的年龄是凯特的两倍。
This room is not so/as big as that one.这个房间不如那个大。
?比较级的用法
①可以修饰比较级的词：much，a lot，far，a little，a bit，even，still。
②...than...……比……
如：Tom is taller than Kate.汤姆比凯特高。
③选择疑问句中，二选一时
如：Which is bigger，the earth or the moon？哪一个更大，地球还是月球？
④用比较级表示最高级的意思
如：The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.在中国，长江比其他任何一条河都长。
⑤“比较级＋and＋比较级”表示“越来越……”
如：He is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越高了。
The flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮了。
⑥“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”表示“越……，就越……”
如：The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you'll make.你越认真，犯的错误就越少。
⑦在比较级中为了避免重复，在than后常用one，that，those等词来替代前面提到过的名词。
如：The weather here is warmer than that in Shanghai.这里的天气比上海的暖和。
⑧表示倍数的比较
如：This room is three times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个大3倍。
?最高级的用法
①形容词最高级前一定要用the，副词最高级前可省略the。
②有范围(in，of，among或从句等)修饰的用最高级。
如：Winter is the coldest season of the year.冬季是一年里最冷的季节。
This is the best film that I have ever seen.这是我所看过的最好的电影。
③“主语＋be＋one of the＋形容词最高级＋复数名词＋in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……之一”。
如：Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是中国最大的城市之一。
④选择疑问句中用于三者或三者以上的比较。
如：Which country is the largest，China，Brazil or Canada？哪一个国家最大，中国，巴西还是加拿大？
Which season do you like (the) best，spring，summer or autumn？你最喜欢哪一个季节，春天，夏天还是秋天？
⑤表示“第几个最……”时，用“the＋序数词＋最高级＋名词单数”的结构。
如：The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长河。
【例7】 My grandpa told a good story，but I told a ________ one.(2013，河南)
A．good B．better C．best D．worse
解析：由前半句句意“我爷爷讲了一个好故事”可知，后半句句意为“但我讲了一个更好的”，两者比较用比较级。答案：__B__
【例8】 —Many boy students think math is ________ English.
—I agree.I'm weak in English.(2013，十堰)
A．much difficult than B．so difficult as
C．less difficult than D．more difficult than
解析：A选项中much常用来修饰比较级，此处后面跟原级，故排除。B选项的结构常常用在否定句中，故排除。根据题干I agree.I'm weak in English.可推知前句意为“大多数男学生认为数学没有英语难”。
答案：__C__
【例9】 I'm sorry I'm late.I should get here 10 minutes ________.(2013，河北)
A．early B．earlier
C．the earlier D．the earliest
解析：根据前句“I'm sorry I'm late.(很抱歉我迟到了。)可推知后句句意为“我应该早10分钟到达这儿。”指的是与现在相比较更早些，故用比较级。注意，除非明确指两者中“较(更)……的一个”，即两者进行比较时，或用在固定句式中，否则比较级前不能加the。
答案：__B__
【例10】 He looks much ________ without sunglasses.(2013，济宁)
A．well B．good C．best D．better
解析：much修饰形容词的比较级，表示比较的程度，意为“……得多”。句意为“不戴太阳镜，他看上去好得多。”
答案：__D__
课件31张PPT。聚焦中考——英语（普版）第37讲
日常交际用语【名题实战】
1．— If I work hard at my lessons from now on，can I do well in them?
—Sure.__C__．(2013，徐州)
A．All rivers run into sea
B．Every day is not Sunday
C．Better late than never
D．Practice makes perfect
2．— It will be my turn.I feel a little nervous.
—__B__．You can make it.(2013，安徽)
A．Congratulations! B．Take it easy.
C．Look out! D．Have a good time.
3．—__A__，please.Could you tell me which BRT I can take to get to Zaozhuang Railway Station?— Take No.15 bus and transfer (换乘) to NO.BIBRT.(2013，枣庄)
A．Excuse me B．Yes
C．Sure D．Hello
4．—How are you going，buddy?
—__C__．A little busy，though.(2013，无锡)
A．Not too bad B．Can't be worse
C．On my own D．By train
5．Follow the sign __C__ to run out of a building when there is danger.(2013，衢州)【考点梳理】
中考对日常交际用语的考查比重越来越大。涉及在各种情景下的问和答以及英美国家的文化习俗。答题时要注意：
1．根据不同的情景，使用不同的表达；
2．根据习惯用语进行选择；
3．使用文明礼貌的语言；
4．遵照口语交际特点，不要死套语法规则。高频考向一 感谢与应答
Thank you./Thanks./Thank you very much./Thank you so much./Thanks a lot.
You're kind!
Thank you all the same.
You're welcome./Not at all./Don't mention it./It's my pleasure./That's all right.
【例1】 —So kind of you to give me a ride to the station!
—________.(2013，泰安)
A．It doesn't matter B．Never mind
C．Don't mention it D．My pleasure
解析：A选项“没关系”；B选项“不要紧”；C选项“不用谢”；D选项“不客气”。上句句意为“你开车把我送到车站，你太好了。”，故回答“不客气”最符合题意。
答案：__D__【例2】 —Congratulations！Your speech is excellent.
—________.(2013，苏州)
A．Oh，no B．It doesn't matter
C．That's a good idea D．Many thanks
解析：对方向你表示祝贺须表示感谢。
答案：__D__
高频考向二 祝愿与祝贺
①当某人取得成功时
Well done！Congratulations(to you)!
②当某人外出旅行时
Good luck with your trip！Have a good trip/journey.＝I wish you a good trip/journey./Good trip to you./Nice journey to you.
Have a nice/pleasant/wonderful time.
＝I wish you a nice/pleasant/wonderful time.
Have fun!
Enjoy yourself/yourselves!
③当某人生日时
—Happy birthday to you！－Thank you!
④当某人即将做某事时
Good luck(to you)！(I wish you success！)
⑤上述几点中祝愿(贺)的回答可用：
Thanks./Thank you./Thanks a lot.或It's kind of you to say so.
⑥在公共节日里
Happy New Year(to you)！新年快乐！
Thanks.The same to you！(Happy New Year to you，too！) 谢谢！您也一样！(也祝您新年快乐！)【例3】 —I'm going to spend my summer holiday in Hawaii.
—What a lucky boy！________ And don't forget to send me a postcard.(2013，呼和浩特)
A．That sound good. B．Have a good time!
C．Good idea! D．Can I go with you?
解析：对于别人的度假要表示祝愿。
答案：__B__
【例4】 —Mum，I've got the first prize in the photo competition.
—________！(2013，天津)
A．Good luck B．Not at all
C．Good idea D．Congratulations
解析：对方获得第一名，应表示祝贺。
答案：__D__
高频考向三 表示遗憾、同情
①表遗憾时
be afraid(that)…
It's a pity(that)…What a pity!
②表同情时
I'm sorry to hear…
【例5】 —My new iPhone was stolen when I took a bus yesterday.
—__A__．(2012，广东)
A．I'm sorry to hear that B．It doesn't matter
C．Don't be silly D．I'd love to
高频考向四 提醒和警告
①祈使句表示提醒、禁止和警告。
Look out！/Be careful！/Take care！/Danger！/Slow down！/Entrance！/Exit！/Stop!
②下列句型也可用来表示警告：
Don't do sth.…or…
If you…you…
③以否定祈使句或“No＋v.-ing”表示提醒、禁止和警告。
Don't feed the animals!
Don't forget to water your plant!
Don't smoke！/Don't be late！/Don't take pictures here!
No smoking/No parking！/No spitting!
④用can't/mustn't表示禁止和警告。
【例6】 —You don't have to make so much noise，do you?
—________.(2013，德州)
A．Not at all B．Never mind
C．I'm sorry D．Better not
解析：A选项“别客气”；B选项“没关系”；C选项“对不起”；D选项“最好不要”。由问句句意“你没有必要制造这么多噪音，对吧？”可知应对所做的事情进行道歉。
答案：__C__
高频考向五 道歉和应答
①表达道歉
Pardon？Excuse me!
I beg your pardon.
I'm sorry./Sorry.
Sorry，I won't.
②回答别人的道歉的应答词
That's all right/OK.
It doesn't matter./ That's nothing./ Never mind.
No problem./ Don't worry about it!
【例7】 —I'm sorry that I shouted at you this morning.
—________，but please don't get angry so often.(2013，泰州)
A．All right B．No problem
C．Never mind D．With pleasure
解析：A选项“行了，好吧”；B选项“没问题”；C选项“没关系，不要紧”；D选项“很乐意”。由上句“很抱歉，今天早上我对你大叫”可知，下句句意为“不要紧，但请不要经常生气”。
答案：__C__
高频考向六 劝答、提建议
①表建议的用语
Would you mind opening the door?
Would you like to join us?
What/How about playing ping-pong now?
Why not put off the meeting till tomorrow?
Would/Could you please turn off the TV?
Shall we go to the park?
Let's go to school.
②表劝告用语
We'd/You'd better go now.
You should…
Please be quiet.
③应答建议的用语
肯定回答：
Yes，please./OK./Certainly./Good idea./That's a good idea！/What a good idea！/All right./Sure./Yes，let's…./I would like to./Yes，I'd like/love to.(其中to不能省略)
否定回答：
No，thank you./Sorry，we can't./Sorry，you can't.
Sorry，but…/Sorry，I'll…/Yes，I'd like(love)to，but
…
【例8】 —Why not go to Lao She Teahouse tonight?
—________.(2013，天津)
A．It doesn't matter B．Thank you
C．Sorry to hear that D．Sounds great
解析：A选项意为“没关系”；B选项意为“谢谢你”；C选项意为“听说这件事很难过”；D选项意为“听上去不错”。由前句“今天晚上为什么不去老舍茶馆呢？”为邀请对方参加活动可知，此处只有Sounds great符合题意。
答案：__D__
【例9】 —Sir，could you please put out your cigarette？This is a smoke-free (无烟的) school.
—________.(2013，菏泽)
A．I'm sorry about this. B．No problem.
C．Sure，I'd love to D．Never mind
解析：A选项“对此我感到很抱歉”；B选项“没问题”；C选项“当然我很愿意”；D选项“没关系”。由句“先生，请你把你的香烟熄灭好吗？这是一所无烟学校”可知，此处用“I'm sorry about this.”表示抱歉。
答案：__A__
高频考向七 电话用语
Hello！This is …speaking.
Who's that (speaking)?
Hello！May/Could/Can I speak to…
Hold on/Wait a minute/One moment，please.
Can I take a message for you?
I'm sorry…is not in/at home now.
I'll ring him up again.
【例10】 －Hello，may I speak to John，please?
—________ (2012，聊城)
A．Who are you? B．What's the matter?
C．This is John speaking. D．He is John.
解析：电话用语中自我介绍用“This is…”
答案：__C__
高频考向八 提供帮助
Can/Could I help you?
Can/Could I do…for you?
What can I do for you?
Would you like some help?
Would you like me to do sth.for you?
Do you want me to…？
Is there anything(else)I can do(for you)?
Let me do…for you.
需要帮助
Yes，please.
Thanks.That's very kind/good/nice(of you)．
谢绝帮助
No，thanks/thank you，I can do it myself.
No，I can do it，but thank you all the same.
【例11】 —________ I help you，sir?
—Yes，I want a T-shirt.(2013，济南)
A．Can B．Should C．Must D．Would
解析：由答语“是的，我想买一件T恤衫”可知，问句是商场购物用语：Can I help you?
答案：__A__
【例12】 —Is there anything else I can do for you?
—________.
A．Of course B．You're welcome
C．No，thanks D．That's OK
解析：拒绝某人帮助时应用“No，thanks”表示礼貌。
答案：__C__
高频考向十 就餐
①主人征求或建议对方吃什么
Would you like something to eat/drink?
What would you like to have?
Would you like some more…？
Which do you prefer，rice or noodles?
What would you like to drink，tea or coffee?
②主人让客人随意吃喝自己喜欢的食物或饮料
Help yourself/yourselves(to…)
③客人的应答语
I'd like….
Just a little，please.
Thank you.I've had enough.
I'm full，thank you.
It's delicious，but I can't eat any more.
【例13】 —Would you like some milk?
—________.(2013，安徽)
A．Yes，please B．The same to you
C．Help yourself D．My pleasure
解析：A选项“是的，请给我一些”；B选项“你也是”；C选项“随便吃”；D选项“不客气”。由上文句意“你想要一些牛奶吗？”可知，正确答案应为“Yes，please.”。
答案：__A__
【例14】 —Help yourself to some more meat，Linda.
—________.(2012，武汉)
A．I'm full，thanks B．It's my pleasure
C．It doesn't matter D．Very well，thanks
解析：就餐时，对于对方的盛情表示拒绝时可用I'm full，thanks.我吃饱了，谢谢。
答案：__A__
高频考向十 请求允许
①Can/May/Could l…？我可不可以……？
表允许或同意
Yes./Sure./Certainly./Of course，you may.
Yes，do please.That's OK/all right.
Go ahead，please.
表不允许或不同意
No，please don't./I'm sorry you can't.
I'm sorry，but…./You'd better not….
②Would you mind my/me….？你介意我……吗？
表允许/不介意
No，I don't mind.Certainly not/Of course not.Not at all.
表不允许/介意
I'm sorry you can't…
I'm afraid….
I'm afraid it's not allowed.
【例15】 －Could I borrow your camera?
—________，but please give it back by Saturday.(2013，黄冈)
A．I'm sorry B．Of course
C．Certainly not D．No，thanks
解析：选项A意为“对不起”；选项B意为“当然”；选项C意为“当然不”；选项D意为“不，谢谢。”由问句句意“我能借你的相机吗？”和答语中的but please give it back by Saturday(但请在周六前还给我)可知，是同意了别人的请求。
答案：__B__
【例16】 —Cindy，would you mind not opening the window？It's cold outside.
—________.(2013，贺州)
A．I'd like to B．Sorry，I'll do it right now
C．Yes，that sounds good D．No，I wouldn't
解析：句意“辛迪，不要开窗户，你介意吗？外面很冷。”“________。”A选项“我很乐意”；B选项“对不起，我马上照做”；C选项“是的，那听起来不错”；D选项“不，我不愿意。”。对于Would you mind...？问句，常回答Not at all“根本不，一点也不”表达不介意，也可用Of course not或Certainly not；或回答Sorry，I'll do it right now“对不起，我会照做的”。
答案：__B__
高频考向十一 谚语、格言与常识
1．谚语
Love me，love my dog.爱屋及乌
Two heads are better than one.三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮。
2．格言
No pains，no gains.一分耕耘，一分收获。
Where there is a will，there is a way.有志者事竟成。
3．常识
常识包括常见标志和说明
BUSINESS HOURS营业时间
OFFICE HOURS办公时间
OPEN营业
CLOSED关门PULL拉
PUSH推
NO SMOKING请勿吸烟
NO PHOTOS请勿拍照
NO PARKING请勿停车
DANGER！危险！
ON开
OFF关
PLAY播放
STOP关闭
ENTRANCE入口
EXIT出口
PAUSE暂停
SHUT此门不通
NO ADMITTANCE闲人免进
MEN'S (GENTLEMEN'S)男厕所
WOMEN'S(LADIES')女厕所
OCCUPIED(厕所)有人
VACANT(厕所)无人
SOS紧急求救信号
EMS(邮政)特快专递【例17】 Which of the following signs means“No photos”？(2013，宁波)
解析：No photos意为“不准拍照”。
答案：__D__
【例18】 —A homeless man won a lottery ticket.He became rich over night.
—________.(2013，连云港)
A．Better safe than sorry
B．The early bird catches the worm
C．Every dog has its day
D．Too many cooks spoil the broth
解析：A选项“谨言慎行不吃亏，轻率莽撞必后悔”；B选项“早起的鸟儿有虫吃，捷足者可先得”；C选项“凡人皆有得意日”；D选项“人多反误事”。
答案：__C__
【例19】 Which of the following can we NOT see at Olympic Games？(2013，德州)
解析：考查平常知识积累，奥运会上没有钓鱼项目。
答案：__D__
【例20】 Which of the following does paper burn in？(2013，兰州)
A．CO2 B．N2 C．He D．O2
解析：根据化学知识可知，纸在氧气中燃烧。
答案：__D__
课件8张PPT。聚焦中考——英语（普版）第35讲
状语从句【名题实战】
1．—Will you please give the dictionary to Jane?
—Sure，I'll give it to her __D__ she arrives here.(2011，天津)
A．before B．until C．because D．as soon as
2．— Helen，do you know if Martin B to my party next week？(2013，黄石)
—I think he will come if he ________ free.
A．will come；will be B．will come；is
C．come；is D．comes；will be
3．My uncle has been taught in this school __A__ he was twenty years old.(2013，鞍山)
A．since B．for C．until D．after
4．Many people do not realize the importance of health __A__ they have fallen.(2013，淮安)
A．until B．while C．when D．after
5．I won't watch basketball matches __A__ James is playing.He pays much attention to teamwork.(2013，连云港)
A．unless B．if C．although D．since考点梳理】
中考对状语从句的考查主要集中在时间、原因和条件状语从句上。尤其应当注意当主句为一般将来时，时间和条件状语用一般现在时。注意：①在条件和时间状语从句中应用一般现在时态表示将来。
②though与but；because与so不能用在同一个句子中。
③while引导时间状语从句时，从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词。
④too…to与so…that与enough to do sth.之间可互换。
⑤if条件状语从句可与“祈使句＋and/or”互换。如：
If we don't hurry，we'll miss the train.
＝Hurry up，or we'll miss the train.
【例1】 Mark isn't coming to the concert ________ he has got too much work to do.
A．so B．until C．although D．because
解析：“太多工作要做”是“没有来音乐会”的原因。
答案：__D__
【例2】—You bought the car about ten years ago?
—Yes.________ it's old，it still runs well.
A．Because B．Since C．Although D．But
解析：考查让步状语从句。句意“尽管旧了，但它运转很好”。because“因为”，since“既然”，although“尽管”，but“但是”。
答案：__C__
【例3】 We will have no water to drink ________ we don't protect the earth.
A．until B．before C．though D．if
解析：考查if引导的条件状语从句。句意“如果我们不保护地球，我们将没有水喝。”
答案：__D__【例4】 I enjoy fresh air so I always with the window open ________ it is really cold.
A．unless B．when C．if D．since
解析：句意“我喜欢新鲜空气，因此我总是让窗户开着，除非真的很冷。”故unless“除非”符合题意。
答案：__A__
【例5】 I really enjoyed your speech，________ there were some parts I didn't quite understand.
A．because B．for C．until D．though
解析：前文“我喜欢你的演讲”与下文“有一些部分我不理解”是转折关系。故though“尽管”符合题意。
答案：__D__【例6】 Zhou Libo is Shanghai's favorite funny man.He is good at making people laugh.His lively shows were ________ hot that tickets were sold out in minutes.
A．very B．too C．such D．so
解析：句中的句型为so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，so用来修饰形容词或副词；such也构成这一句型，但such用来修饰名词。
答案：__D__课件18张PPT。聚焦中考——英语（普版）第32讲
疑问句和倒装句【名题实战】
1．— __A__ do you know so much about the UFO?
—I usually get the information by surfing the Internet.(2013，滨州)
A．How B．What C．Which D．Where
2．I don't think the newly－directed film by Zhao Wei is as interesting as people say，__C__？(2013，黄石)
A．do you B．isn't it C．is it D．don't you
3．People who eat a balanced diet should be healthier than those who only eat biscuits and hamburgers，__C__？(2012，杭州)
A．don't they B．do they
C．shouldn't they D．should they
4.—You have joined the Singing Club，haven't you?
—__D__．I like singing，but I don't have any time.(2013，镇江)A．Yes，I do B．No，I don't
C．Yes，I have D．No，I haven't
5．His father likes keeping dogs and __C__．(2013，遂宁)
A．so is his mother B．so his mother does
C．so does his mother
【考点梳理】
1．疑问句分为四种：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。
2．倒装句的结构及其意思。高频考向一 一般疑问句
1．一般疑问句结构
一般疑问句的基本结构为①be＋主语＋其他②助动词(或情态动词)＋主语＋谓语(动词原形)＋其他。对一般疑问句作肯定回答时，通常是：Yes，主语＋be/助动词/情态动词；作否定回答时，通常是：No，主语＋be/助动词/情态动词＋not，not一般要与前面的词语构成缩略形式。
2．一般疑问句中需注意的几个问题：
①情态动词must提问时，否定回答用needn't或don't have to。
eg：—Must I go now?
—Yes，you must./No，you needn't.
②否定的一般疑问句通常是以be动词、情态动词或助动词与not的缩略形式开头，往往表示惊讶、赞叹、怀疑等语气。注意yes和no在翻译成中文时与其原意正好相反。
eg：—Don't you hear of that? (表示惊讶)高频考向二 特殊疑问句
1．由疑问词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句，不能用Yes或No回答，读时用降调。特殊疑问句由“疑问代词或疑问副词＋一般疑问句”构成。常见疑问代词有：who，whom，what，which，whose等；疑问副词有：when，where，how，why，how old，how many，how often，how soon等。
2．常见的特殊疑问句
①询问时间：
When did it start?
什么时候开始的？
②询问地点：
Where do they come from?
他们来自哪里？
③询问人或关系：
Who is he?他是谁？
Who called you?
谁打电话给你？
Who/Whom are you going with?
你打算跟谁一起去？
④询问原因：
Why do you like pandas?
你为什么喜欢熊猫？
⑤询问天气：
How is the weather today?
今天天气怎么样？
What is the weather like today?
今天天气怎么样？
⑥询问频率：
How often do you watch TV?
你多久看一次电视？⑦询问颜色：
What color is your schoolbag?
你的书包是什么颜色的？
⑧询问年龄：
How old is the boy?
这男孩多大了？
⑨询问距离：
How far is it from your home to school?
从你家到学校有多远？
⑩询问数量：
How many apples do we need?
我们需要多少苹果？
How much honey do we need?
我们需要多少蜂蜜？
?询问价格：
How much is the T-shirt?
这件T恤衫多少钱？
【例3】 —________ does your cousin go to the gym?
—Twice a week.(2013，福州)
A．How long B．How often
C．How soon
解析：由答语“每周两次”可知询问频率。
答案：__B__
【例4】 —________ have you been in the sports club?
—Since the first month I came to the school.(2013，上海)
A．How old B．How long
C．How much D．How soon解析：考查疑问副词的用法。how old 表示“多大”，用来提问年龄；how long 表示“(延续)多长时间”，用for或since引导的时间状语来回答；how often 表示“多久一次”，指动作的频率；how soon表示“还要多久才……”，一般用于将来时，用“in...”引导时间的状语来回答。由答语可知，提问的是时间。
答案：__B__
高频考向三 选择疑问句
提出两种或两种以上的情况，要求对方选择一种情况回答的问句叫选择疑问句。选择疑问句中两种或两种以上的情况用or连接，回答时不能用yes或no，要用一个完整的句子或其省略形式。语调一般是前升后降。选择疑问句可以分为一般选择疑问句和特殊疑问句两种。
①一般选择疑问句：一般疑问句＋or＋被选择的部分？
eg：—Do you like apples or pears?—I like pears.
②特殊选择疑问句：特殊疑问句＋A or B?
eg：—Which would you like better，tea or coffee?
—I'd like coffee.
【例5】 —Is your friend a boy or a girl?
— ________.
A．No，she isn't B．A girl
C．The girl D．Yes，she is
解析：选择疑问句不能用Yes或No回答，排除A、D项；根据问句，回答用a girl。
答案：__B__
高频考向四 反意疑问句
1．反意疑问句是附在陈述句之后，对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问的句子。反意疑问句由两部分组成，前一部分为陈述句，后一部分为简短的一般疑问句。若前部分为肯定句，后一部分就要用否定形式，而且必须用缩略形式；若前一部分用否定形式，后一部分就用肯定形式。即：“前肯后否，前否后肯”。两部分的人称和时态要一致。2．常见的特殊的反意疑问句
?当陈述部分含有否定意义的词如 hardly，few，little，no，nobody，no one，nothing等时，附加疑问部分须用肯定形式。但若陈述部分含有带否定前缀如im-，un-，dis-等的派生词，仍作为肯定结构，附加疑问句部分用否定式。
?I am...反意疑问句附加疑问句部分应为aren't I。
?如果陈述部分是肯定或否定的祈使句，疑问部分须用 will you。
?当陈述部分是let's do sth.时，疑问部分须用shall we来反问；而当陈述部分是let sb.do sth.时，疑问部分用will you 来反问。
?陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，附加疑问句部分用“didn't＋主语”或“usedn't＋主语”。如：
He used to go to bed late，didn't he/usedn't he??need 的反意疑问句
①need是实义动词。如：
We need to come earlier，don't we?
②need是情态动词。如：
We need't come so early，need we?
?当陈述部分主语是不定代词 nobody，somebody，no one时，疑问句部分须用复数代词they，也可以用he；当陈述部分主语是不定代词 nothing，something时，疑问部分须用代词it。
?若陈述部分为there be 句型，附加疑问部分仍用there。
?主从复合句的反意疑问句附加疑问句部分的助动词与人称应与主句的谓语动词和人称保持一致。若宾语从句的主语为“I think/suppose/believe”等表示说话人的看法，反意疑问句的疑问部分应与宾语从句一致。3．反意疑问句的回答，无论问题的提法如何，如果事实是肯定的，就用yes，事实是否定的，就要用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构，反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时，回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”，no要译成“是”。如：
—He likes playing football，doesn't he？他喜欢踢足球，是吗？
—Yes，he does./No，he doesn't.是的。/ 不是。
—His sister didn't attend the meeting，did she？他妹妹没有参加会议，是吗？
—Yes，she did./No，she didn't.不，她参加了。/是的，她没参加。
【例6】 There is little water in the bottle，________？
A．is it B．isn't it C．is there D．isn't there
解析：本题考查反意疑问句的用法。句子由there引导，反意疑问句也应由there构成，故排除选项A和B；little意为“很少，几乎没有”，表示否定意义，故反意疑问句用肯定形式。
答案：__C__
【例7】 —It's sunny today，let's fly kites in the park，______？
解析：以let's 引导的反意疑问句应用shall we。
答案：__shall__we__
高频考向五 倒装句的用法
英语句子的自然语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。如果把谓语动词放在之前，就构成了倒装句。下面是几种倒装句的具体形式：
①这两种结构常用来说明前面所说的情况也同样适用于后面的人或物，意思是“某人(物)也(不)是这样”。这种结构中的助动词/be动词/情态动词在形式上与前句的谓语保持一致，而其单复数形式则由后句的主语决定。如：
Lucy is a good student，so is Lily.
露西是个好学生，莉莉也是。
②这两种结构的不同点是：
“so＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语”依附于肯定句，表示前边的肯定情况也适合后边的人(物)，意为“……也……”。
“neither＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语”依附于否定句，表示前边的否定情况也适合后边的人(物)，意为“……也不……”。
Tom watched TV last night，so did Ann.
汤姆昨晚看电视了，安也看了。
Mary didn't watch TV last night，neither did Jim.
玛丽昨晚没有看电视，吉姆也没看。
【注意】若对前面所说的事实加以肯定时，应用so＋主语＋be/助动词/情态动词。此时前后两个句子的主语为同一个人或物。
2．there be 句型
there be 句型表示“存在”，是一个主语在be动词后面的倒装句。如：
There is a tree in front of the building.
3．以副词开头的倒装句
在以here，there，out，in，down，away等表示方位的副词开头的句子中，如果主语是名词，要用倒装句。因此，谓语动词的形式由位于倒装句句尾的主语决定。
There comes the bus.公交车来了。
【例8】 —Peter doesn't know many people here.
— ________.(2012，济宁)
A．So do I B．So am I
C．Neither am I D．Neither do I
解析：上文是否定句，意为“彼得不认识这里的许多人”。可知下文句意应为“我也不认识。”应由neither引导，结合上文的谓语动词为doesn't know 可知此处应用do。
答案：__D__
【例9】 Between the two hills ________ a deep river.(2012，烟台)
A．are B．have C．has D．is
解析：本句考查倒装句，结合英语提示可知正确语序为“A deep river is between the two hills.”意为“在这两座山之间有一条河。”
答案：__D__
课件12张PPT。聚焦中考——英语（普版）第31讲
祈使句与感叹句【名题实战】
1．I watched the NBA game last night.
—__A__ amazing game it was！(2013，乌鲁木齐)
A．What an B．How C．What D，How a
2．Do you want to be healthy？__A__．Smiling can help you stay healthy.(2013，河南)
A．Smile B．Smiling C．To smile D．Smiled
3．__B__ good advice！It's so helpful to us.(2013，遂宁)
A．How B．What C．What a
4．__C__ good time they had last weekend！(2013，安顺)
A．How B．What C．What a D．How a
5．__C__ good fun it is to have ice-cream in hot summer！(2013，黄石)
A．What a B．How C．What D．How a
【考点梳理】
1．中考考查感叹句主要是考查对引导词what和how的选择。
2．中考考查祈使句的特征：肯定式以动词原形开头；动词原形前加don't为否定句式。
祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。祈使句的主语you往往省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号，读降调。
高频考向一 祈使句的基本用法
1．肯定的祈使句
①句型：动词原形＋其他成分。
如：Be careful！ 小心！
②“Do＋祈使句”表示一种强烈的感情或请求，do起强调作用。
③please用在祈使句中可以表示一种客气的语气，但please用在句末时，必须用逗号与其余部分隔开。
如：Close the door，please.请关门！
2．否定的祈使句
①通常句型：Don't＋动词原形＋其他成分。
如：Don't arrive late for school again！别再迟到了！
②也可用Never开头：Never＋动词原形＋其他成分。
如：Never leave today's work for tomorrow！不要把今天的工作留到明天！
3．Let引导的祈使句
以Let开头的句子也是祈使句，表示陈述和建议。其否定形式有两种：Let...not或Don't...。
如：Let us not be late.让我们不要迟到。
Don't let the boy play football in the street.不要让这个男孩在街上踢足球。
【例1】 ________ hard，you'll make progress in English.
A．Work B．To work C．Working D．Don't
解析：祈使句以动词原形开头，可用来表示劝告。句意：努力，你会在英语方面取得进步的。
答案：__A__
【例2】 ________ call me Mimi！It's my cat's name.
A．Not B．Didn't C．Doesn't D．Don't
解析：祈使句的否定形式：在动词原形前加don't。
答案：__D__
【例3】 —Mark，please don't play basketball on the road.It's very dangerous.
—________.I am going home at once.
A．Have a great time B．Sorry，I won't do that
C．I'd like to D．OK，with pleasure
解析：否定式的祈使句表示对今后不要做某事的命令或请求，表示接受时，回答要用否定式的将来时。
答案：__B__
热点考向二 感叹句
用来表示说话人强烈的喜、怒、哀、乐等感情的句子，叫感叹句。感叹句由what或how引导，具体用法如下表：
【例4】 ________ children Simon and Jim are！They help Mrs.Li clean the house every day.
A．How nice B．How brave
C．What nice D．What brave
解析：“children孩子们”是名词的复数。“What＋形容词＋复数名词＋主语＋谓语！”由下文“帮助Mrs Li打扫房间”可知nice符合题意。
答案：__C__
【例5】 —________ expensive mobile phone it is!
—Yes，but I think ________ style is quite fashionable.
A．What a ；a B．How；be
C．What an; the D．How an；the
解析：mobile phone 可数名词单数，故用句式“What＋(a/an)＋adj.＋n.＋主谓！”style 为特指，前加the。
答案：__C__
【例6】 —Listen！Someone is playing the piano.
Wow！________ beautiful music！I like it very much.
A．What B．How a
C．What a D．How
解析：这句强调的是名词，但music 是不可数名词，须用“What＋形容词＋不可数名词”结构。
答案：__A__
【例7】 Look at the photo of the Smiths.________happy they are!
A．How B．What a C．What D．How a
解析：考查感叹句。“How＋形容词＋主语＋谓语！”
答案：__A__
【例8】 ________ happily the children are flying kites!
A．What B．What a
C．How D．How a
解析：考查感叹句的“How＋副词＋主语＋谓语”结构。
答案：__C__
一、单项选择。
1．“__C__ exercise every day，my son.It's good for your health.”Dad often said to him.(2013，白银)
A．Takes B．Taking C．Take C．To take
2．Tom，__D__ afraid of speaking in front of people.You are the best one .(2013，安顺)
A．don't B．not C．not be D．don't be
3．—Don't keep water running when you wash hands.
— __C__．(2013，泰州)
A．I hope so B．I'm afraid not
C．Sorry，I won't D．It's nothing
4．—Wish you good luck in this English exam.
— __B__(2013，温州)
A．That's OK. B．Thank you.
C．Congratulations! D．You're welcome.
5．— __C__ excellent work you have done!
—It's very kind of you to say so.(2013，凉山)
A．What an B．How C．What
6．—Goodbye，everyone.__A__．
—Bye，Sally！Don't forget to write.(2013，衢州)
A．Stay in touch B．Just wait and see
C．Sounds great D．Come this way
7．__B__ lovely the squirrel is！(2013，雅安)
A．What a B．How C．What D．How a
8．Look at the smog (雾霾)．__C__ bad weather it is！(2013，东营)
A．How B．How a C．What D．What a
9．—__B__ delicious the ice-cream is！Could you give me one more?
— sure.(2012，贵阳)
A．What B．How C．What a
10.__A__ get off the bus before it stops.(2012，永州)
A．Don't B．Doesn't
C．Didn't
课件12张PPT。聚焦中考——英语（普版）第45讲
补全对话根据对话内容，从方框中选择5个恰当的句子完成对话，使对话完整、通顺。(2013，襄阳)
A：Hi，Lisa.Do you know that people are talking about the future dreams a lot these days?
B：1.G__
A：Do you have a plan for the future？I mean what your dream is.
B：Yes.I have a lot of dreams.But the greatest one is that I want to be a teacher.
A：Sounds nice.2.E__
B：Well，I'm going to study hard and do well in all the subjects.
A：Anything more?
B：And I'm going to play more sports to keep fit.
A：Where are you going to work?
B：I'm going to work in a village school in the poor area.3.B__ I think to be a village school teacher is very great.A：That sounds exciting！But when are you going to start?
B：4.D__
A：That's good.5.A__
B：I hope so.Thank you.
A．I hope your dream will come true.
B．I hear they need teachers very much.
C．Are you good with children?
D．I'm going to finish high school and college first.
E．But how are you going to do that?
F．Maybe in a college in the city of Beijing.
G．Yes.That's a hot topic at present.补全对话是近年来中考考查的热点，该试题通过设置语言环境，把语言知识升华到语言技能，旨在通过书面形式来考查学生熟练、灵活运用英语口语的能力，具有较强的综合性，是中考试题中的难点。测试题型常见的形式有：①选句子补全对话；②写单词、短语或句子补全对话。
1．中考要求
①掌握打电话的交际用语。特别是拨电话和接电话与平时交谈用语的区别。
②掌握购物的交际用语。能运用购物的交际用语进行模拟购物活动。
③能熟练运用看病的交际用语。
④掌握问路和应答用语。要特别注意礼貌用语的运用。
⑤掌握就餐用语。能运用相应的交际用语进行模拟就餐活动。
⑥能熟练运用交际用语进行借东西和归还东西。⑦能运用交际用语对某一活动计划进行讨论。
⑧会用交际用语谈论天气。注意天气预报的播报用语。
⑨掌握其他交际用语。如：问候及其应答语；道歉及其应答语；感谢及其应答语；请求及其应答语；帮助及其应答语；邀请及其应答语；祝贺及其应答语；建议及其应答语等。
2．解题技巧
①确定对话的情景类型：带着空格快速默读对话，并根据对话所给的信息确定对话的情景类型。
②理顺关系，各个突破：了解对话发生的情景之后，要在头脑中迅速回忆起相关的习惯表达法， 然后再开始答题。答题时应注意理顺上下文之间的关系，并利用已知信息推断出正确答案。考生可以先把有把握的空格填好，没把握的可暂时放下不管。然后回过头来解决那些暂时确定不了答案的空格。
③正确书写，从容答题：答题时应注意单词的正确拼写，时态的正确运用，还要注意句子的习惯表达方式等。书写应工整、规范。
④通读全文，核对答案：不管做哪种类型的“补全对话”题，这环节都是必不可少的。因为同学们在做题的过程中难免会出现一些失误。如果最后再仔细检查一遍，就能及时纠正错误，确保答案的准确性。
【例1】阅读下面对话，从方框内7个选项中选择5个恰当的句子完成此对话。(2013，重庆)
A：Hello，this is Lucy speaking.Is that Li Wei?
B：Hi，Lucy！1.________ We are expecting your coming.
A：Thank you！My plane leaves Beijing this afternoon.
B：2.________
A：It's CA1409.
B：OK，CA1409.3.________A：At 3：30 in the afternoon.
B：Leaves at 3：30，and arrives...
A：It arrives at 6：10，and I'll have to wait some time for my luggage (行李)．
B：All right.4.________
A：Thanks a lot.5.________
B：I've ordered a room for you in the center of the city near my home.
A：Wonderful！See you then!
B：See you!
A．When does it take off?
B．How about my hotel?
C．When does it arrive?
D．What's your flight number?
E．Li Wei speaking.
F．Who will meet you?
G．I'll wait for you at the gate at 6：30.
解析：1.和英美人打电话，我们常说：May I speak to ...？或Is that ...？对方可以回答“This is ... speaking”或“... speaking.”。故选E。
2．由答语“It's CA1409.”可知询问航班，因此D项What's your flight number？(你的航班号是多少？)符合题意。
3．由答语“At 3：30 in the afternoon.”和下句“Leaves at 3：30 ...”可知询问飞机在什么时候起飞。
4．由上句It arrives at 6：10, and I'll have to wait some time for my luggage.(飞机在6：10到达，我必须等些时间取我的行李。)可知，G项I'll wait for you at the gate at 6：30.(我6：30在门口等你。)符合题意。
5．由答语I've ordered a room for you in the center of the city near my home.(我已经在市中心我家附近为你订了一个房间。)可知，B项How about my hotel？(我的旅馆怎么样？)符合题意。
答案：1.__E__ 2.__D__ 3.__A__ 4.__G__
5．__B__【例2】用恰当的词语填空，完成对话。每空一词。(2013，福州)
W：Excuse me, is there a bookstore around here?
M：Yes. There is 1.________ on Zhongshan Road. It's between the parking lot and the supermarket.
W：How 2.________ is it from here?
M：About thirty minutes' walk. You can 3.________ the No.14 bus there.
W：Thank you. By the way, 4.________ the bus stop?
M：It's at the end of this street. You can't 5.________ it.
W：Thanks for your help.
M：You're welcome.
解析：1.one用来代替上文中出现过的单数名词bookstore。2．由答语About thirty minutes' walk.(步行大约30分钟。)可知，该问句提问距离，因此用how far 提问。
3．情态动词can后面接动词原形；表示乘坐几路公交车，要用动词“take”，take the No.14 bus意为“乘坐14路公交车”。
4．由答语句意“它在这条街道的尽头”可知询问位置。因此用疑问词where提问。
5．You can't miss it.(你不会错过它的。)，是一个指路时常用的交际用语。
答案：1.__one__ 2.__far__ 3.__take__
4．__where's__ 5.__miss__
【例3】根据下面对话中情境，在每个空白处填入一个适当的语句，使对话恢复完整。(2013，陕西)
A：Nick, are you busy now?
B：No, 1.__________？
A：I need your help. I'm planning for tomorrow's Chinese class. Can we talk about it?
B：You mean the activity of “Spring in my eyes”？A：Yes. What are you going to do?
B：Er... 2.__________.
A：Sing a song？What's the name of the song?
B：In Spring. 3.__________？
A：I don't know. 4.__________？
B：Let me see. You like drawing. I think you can draw a picture about spring.
A：5.________________________________________________________________________.
I'll do that tomorrow.
解析：1.由上文“Nick, are you busy now？”和下文“I need your help.”可知，是询问对方有什么事。
2．由上句“What are you going to do？”和答语“Sing a song？”可知，我打算/能/想唱一首歌。
3．由答语“I don't know.”可知询问对方打算做什么。
4．由答语句意“让我想想。你喜欢绘画，我认为你可以画一幅有关春天的画”可知，此句是向对方寻求建议。
5．由句后“ I'll do that tomorrow.”可知，此句表示赞同对方的建议。答案：1.What's__the__matter/What's__up/Why/Why__are__you__asking
2．I'll__sing__a__song/I'm__going__to__sing__a__song/I__can__sing__a__song/I'd__like__to__sing__a__song/I__want__to__sing__a__song
3．What__(How)__about__you/What__are__you__going__to__do/What__will__you__do
4．Can__(Could/Would)__you__give__me__some__advice/Can__(Could/Would)__you__give__some__advice__to__me/Do__you__have__any__advice__(any__good__ideas/any__suggestions)/Any__advice/Any__suggestions/Any__good__ideas
5．That__sounds__great__(good/like__a__good__idea)/That's__a__good__idea/Sounds__great__(good/like__a__good__idea)/Good__idea
课件15张PPT。聚焦中考——英语（普版）第44讲
完成句子一、根据中文意思完成句子。(2013，北京)
1．你最好买一本英语词典。
You'd__better buy an English dictionary.
2．我爸爸过去常常开车上班，现在坐公交车了。
My father used__to go to work by car, but now he takes the bus.
3．大家正盼望着暑假呢。
We are__looking__forward__to the summer holiday.
4．我一读完这本书就还给你。
I will return the book to you as__soon__as__I__finish__(reading) it.
5．北京园博园每天下午六点才关门。
Beijing Garden Expo Parks aren't__closed__until/don't__close__until six o'clock in the afternoon every day.二、句型转换。(2013，兰州)
6．The boy has been to the U．S.A. twice．(对画线部分提问)
How many times has the boy been to the U．S.A.?
7．Mom felt tired after she cooked for the whole family.(改为简单句)
Mom felt tired after cooking for the whole family.
8．Mr.Brown and his wife have been married for 20 years.(改为同义句)
Mr.Brown and his wife got married 20 years ago.
9．Lisa didn't hang out with her friends yesterday.(改为肯定句)
Lisa hung out with her friends yesterday.
10．Some reporters are interviewing a government official on traffic problems now.(改为被动语态)
A government official is being interviewed by some reporters on traffic problems now.完成句子包含了对词汇、语法、句型等各方面的考查。它不仅考查考生的语言基本功，即对词汇的记忆并拼写能力和理解能力，还考查考生在具体语境中灵活运用词汇知识和语法知识的能力。
纵观近几年中考试题，对句子的考查常包括以下几种题型：①根据汉语提示完成句子；②连词成句；③翻译句子；④句型转换。
1．根据汉语提示完成句子或翻译句子的解题技巧
在解题之前，首先应该做到以下几点：
①熟记单词和词组。牢固的词汇基础是攻克翻译题的关键。
②要熟悉各种句型。尤其对常用句型要做到熟记于心，脱口而出，只有这样才能对其灵活运用。
③要熟练掌握语法知识。只有具备扎实的语法知识才能写出正确的英文句子。
那么，如何才能做好各种翻译题呢？①认真审题。要先分析所给汉语句子，了解这个句子所要表达的意思，联想相关的英语词汇和句型。
②仔细推敲，考虑语法现象。在对句子进行翻译之前，要确定该句用什么时态、什么语态并考虑人称和数的变化问题。
③理清思路，判断句子结构。要先看清楚符合哪种句型，然后就可套用这种句型来完成试题。若是补全句子，则要清楚句子缺的是什么成分。有的句子是复合句，主要考查其中的固定搭配，如：so...that...句型，too...to...句型等。
④注意英汉差异和缩写词。英汉的表达方式有着很大的不同，要注意词与词之间的排序，要杜绝汉语式英语，还要注意缩写词应看作一个单词。
⑤仔细检查。翻译完成后，要仔细进行检查，核查大小写、标点符号，以及单词的书写、时态、语态、词性、单复数等方面是否正确。
2．按要求转换句型的解题技巧
①吃透原句。在答题时首先要弄清所给句子的句型结构、主语的人称和数、谓语动词的形式以及全句的意思。
②明确要求。要看清题目的要求，弄懂题意，不要盲目动笔。
③对“症”下“药”。即针对不同的要求采用不同的方法。
3．连词成句的解题技巧
这是完成句子题中比较简单的一种题型，做题时首先要明白所给词的词义并认真体会它们要传达的信息，然后确定好主语及谓语动词并按照正确的语法结构连词成句，注意句式、大小写及标点符号。
【例1】根据所给的汉语内容，用英语完成下列句子。(每空限填一词)(2013，广州)
1．离开教室时请关灯。
Please ________ ________ the lights when you leave the classroom.
2．踢完足球后，他太兴奋了睡不着。
After the football game, he was ________ excited ________ sleep.
3．你的手好脏啊！快去洗！
________ ________ your hands are! Go and wash them now!
4．在中国到处都有人打羽毛球。
In China, badminton ________ ________ everywhere.
5．你知道在哪里买这种邮票吗？
Do you know ________ ________ ________ this kind of stamp?
解析：1.turn off和switch off都意为“关上”。
2．too...to...意为“太……而不能……”。
3．本题考查感叹句。句子重点强调“脏的(dirty)”，即中心词是形容词，因此用how引导感叹句。
4．本题考查被动语态。由句意可知是一般现在时，且badminton是动词play的承受者，因此用一般现在时的被动语态。5．本题考查“疑问词＋不定式”结构。询问地点疑问词用where。where to buy “在哪里买”，作动词know的宾语。
答案：1.turn__off/switch__off 2.too to
3．How__ dirty 4.is played
5．where to buy
【例2】根据要求完成下列句子。(每空一词)(2013，乌鲁木齐)
1．I think that it is important to learn English well.(改为简单句)
I think ________ ________ to learn English well.
2．Kate is the cleverest girl in her class.(改为同义句)
Kate is cleverer than ________ ________ girl in her class.
3．I enjoy rock music because__it__is__exciting．(对画线部分提问)
________ do ________ enjoy rock music?
4．She asked me ，“Do you know when to go to Xinjiang Exhibition Center？”(改为间接引语)She asked me ________ I ________ when to go to Xinjiang Exhibition Center.
5．I borrowed some interesting books from my friend.(改为同义句)
My friend ________ some interesting books ________ me.
解析：1.动词think后可接宾语从句，也可以用it作形式宾语，动词不定式短语作真正的宾语。
2．“凯特是她班上最聪明的女孩”与“凯特比她班里的其他任何一个女孩都聪明”意思相同。“any other＋单数名词”意为“其他任何一个……”。
3．提问原因用疑问词why.
4．直接引语是一般疑问句，变间接引语时，要用if/whether引导，还应把疑问语序改为陈述语序；主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句的谓语动词也要改为相应的过去时态。
5．borrow sth. from sb.意为“向某人借某物”；lend sth. to sb.意为“把某物借给某人”。“我向朋友借了一些有趣的书”即“我的朋友借给我一些有趣的书”。
答案：1.it__ important__ 2.any__ other__
3．Why__ you__ 4.if/whether__ knew__
5．lent__ to__一、根据所给中文意思完成句子，每空限填一词。(2013，天津)
1．熊猫主要以竹子为食。
Pandas mainly live on bamboo.
2．托尼的书在2012年出版了。
Tony's book came out in 2012.
3．开始我不太喜欢这个工作。
I didn't like the job very much at first．
4．我想去澳大利亚观光。
I'd like to go sightseeing in Australia.
5．全世界人民热爱和平。
People all over the world love peace.二、完成句子。根据所给汉语意思，用单词或短语完成下列英文句子。(2013，陕西)
6．他需要一个安静的房间休息。
He needs a quiet__room to have a rest.
7．我们不仅要学习现代科技，还要关注传统文化。
We should not only learn the modern technology but also pay attention to traditional culture.
8．有些城市禁止在公共汽车上吃食物。
In some cities, it's not allowed to eat in__(on)__the__bus/in__(on)__a__bus/in__(on)__buses．
9．在你生气的时候请不要做任何决定。
Please don't make__a__decision/make__(any)__decisions when you are angry.
10．她在英语方面比她弟弟好得多。
She's much better__at English than her brother.
三、根据中文提示，用词组的适当形式填空，每空一词。(2013，福州)
11．It's bad behavior to spit in public (当众)。
12．Grandma usually wakes up (醒来) early in the morning.
13．His parents are strict with (对……严格要求) him.
14．Remember to turn off (关掉) the tap when you are not using it.
15．Just now (刚才), my teacher told me to pay attention to my handwriting.四、汉译英。把答案写在每小题后的横线上，必须用上所提供的单词或短语。(2013，枣庄)
16．他的父母不喜欢吃鸡肉。(like)
His__parents__don't__like__(to__eat)__chicken.
17．这些学生正在忙于观看中国和美国的足球赛。(be busy doing)
These__pupils/students__are__busy__watching__the__football__game/competition__between__China__and__the__U．S.__now.
18．我们的班主任对我们要求很严。(strict)
Our__head__teacher__is__very__strict__with__us.
19．那个女孩夏天通常穿一件红衬衫和一条黄裙子。(have on)
The__girl__usually__has__on__a__red__T-shirt__and__a__yellow__skirt__in__summer.20．谁能容忍这样糟糕的天气？(stand)
Who__can__stand__such__bad__weather?
五、根据汉语完成下列句子。每空一词。
21．在学习上我有和戴维一样的问题。
I have the same problems as David does in study.
22．我们发现学好英语很困难。
We find it difficult to learn English well.
23．你说得越多，犯的错误可能就越多。
The more you talk，the more mistakes you may make.
24．昨晚他太激动，难以入睡。
He was too excited to fall asleep last night.
25．我宁愿乘坐最慢的火车，也不乘飞机去那里。I would rather take the slowest train than go there by air.
26．他们在解那道数学题时遇到了一些麻烦。
They had some trouble in working out the math problem.
27．让老师生气的是，陈华上学又迟到了。
The teacher was angry that Chen Hua was late for school again.
六、根据汉语完成下列句子，每空词数不限。
28．你应该按时完成作业。
You should finish your homework ontime．
29．露西在回家的路上遇到了她的一位老朋友。
Lucy met one of her old friends on__her__way home.
30．北京以其名胜古迹而闻名世界。
Beijing is__famous__for its places of interest in the world.
31．李平年轻的时候对集邮感兴趣。
Li Ping was__interested__in collecting stamps when he was young.
32．农民把快枯死的树砍倒，并栽上了小树。
The farmers cut__down the dying trees and planted some young ones.
33．最近我几乎没有时间参加户外活动。
These days I hardly have time to take__part__in outdoor activities.34．据报道有4人在那次事故中丧生。
It's__reported__that four people were killed in that accident.
35．张老师不仅是我们的老师，而且也是我们的朋友。
Mr Zhang is not__only our teacher but__also our friend.
七、将所给单词连成句子。要求符合语法，语句通顺，大小写正确，单词不得重复使用，标点已给出。(2013，河北)
36．do, a , have, you, ruler
Do__you__have__a__ruler?
37．nice, the, taste, noodles
The__noodles__taste__nice．
38．far, the, how, museum，is
How__far__is__the__museum?
39．pens, those, her, pass, black
Pass__her__those__black__pens．
40．match, a, now, be, TV, football, there, on
There__is__a__football__match__on__TV__now/Now__there__is__a__football__match__on__TV．
课件17张PPT。聚焦中考——英语（普版）第42讲
阅读理解（二）阅读理解。(2013，江西)
When I crossed a small road on my first day in Kolkata, I was surprised because I heard a bell—not a horn (喇叭). It was a tiny man pulling a rickshaw. He stopped and picked up two children from the front door of their house and pulled them to school. For many people, the rickshaw in Kolkata has many advantages. When the traffic is bad, rickshaws find a way through the traffic. If you miss your bus and there aren't any taxis, you can always find a rickshaw in Kolkata. Rickshaws are also very popular with local shoppers. The driver takes you from your house to the market and waits for you. Then he loads (装载) all your things, drops you off outside your home and helps you unload. No other type of public transport offers this kind of service.
From June to September, Kolkata gets heavy rain. Sometimes it rains for 48 hours without a break. In some parts of the city, the roads flood (水淹), and anything with an engine(发动机) is useless. But the rickshaw drivers never stop working, even with water all around them.
But not everyone thinks rickshaws are a good thing. The local government want to ban rickshaws. They believe it is wrong for one man to pull another person when there is modern transport in the city. However, there is a problem with this plan. Many of the rickshaw drivers come from the countryside.The only job they can find in Kolkata is pulling a rickshaw. If the city bans rickshaws, these men won't have a job. So for the moment, the people of Kolkata still go by rickshaw.1．What is the main idea of Paragraph 1？__A__
A．Rickshaws are very useful for the people's daily life in Kolkata.
B．Parents need rickshaws for taking children to school in Kolkata.
C．Rickshaws can find a way through the bad traffic in Kolkata.
D．The rickshaw drivers carry things for local people in Kolkata.
2．Which type of transport may you take when the roads flood in Kolkata？__D__
A．A bus. B．A taxi.
C．A car. D．A rickshaw.
3．What does the underlined word “ban” mean？__C__
A．Make. B．Increase. C．Forbid. D．Collect.
4．What can we learn from the passage？__B__
A．The rickshaws in Kolkata have loud horns.
B．The rickshaw is still a part of public transport in Kolkata.
C．The local government offer many other jobs to the rickshaw drivers.
D．The people in Kolkata are supposed to take rickshaws instead of cars.(三)推理判断题
推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论，主要考查学生的理解力和推断力。这类推断通常包括：数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断。做此类题时，应根据短文中的相关语句，对与事实有关的细节加以分析，找出线索，悟出字里行间的意思，反复比较，从而作出合乎逻辑的判断。
(四)猜测词义题
猜测词义题主要考查学生根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义能力。一般情况下，推断词义的题目中所出现的单词，大多数是学生未曾见过的生词，学生需要在该词出现的上下文中去寻找线索。通过阅读上下文，断定该词的真正含义，然后将这个释义代入文中，检查是否贴切，仔细比较直到得出该词的确切的含义。
“I was still doubting (怀疑) myself right up to a few minutes before going on to play the match ...I have been in this position many times and not tried hard to get through，” he told the Daily Mail after his victory.
But he did not think about his past disappointment (失望) too much. Instead, he fought through. “I think just proving myself is probably the most pleasing part about this match，”he said.
The victory comes four weeks after Murray won a gold at the London Olympics. He is now Britain's first male Grand Slam singles champion in 76 years.He is the new pride of the British people.1．Murray has worked hard for seven years because he wanted to ________.
A．realize his Grand Slam dream
B．beat defending champion
C．turn a professional player
D．win in the US Open final
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“British tennis player Andy Murray waited seven years before he could realize his Grand Slam (大满贯) dream.”可知。
答案：__A__
2．What do you know about Novak Djokovic from the text?
A．He is seven days older than Murray.
B．He finally won on September 11，2012.
C．He has won five world championships.
D．He beat defending champion Murray.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Djokovic has won five titles (冠军) while Murray was the runner-up in his last four Grand Slam finals.” 可知，Djokovic 获得过五次世界冠军。答案：__C__
3．Even before the US Open final was started, Murray ________.
A．was still planning to make friends with Djokovic
B．was still doubting whether he would give up
C．was really proving himself to win the game
D．was not sure whether he would win the game
解析：推理判断题。由第四段“I was still doubting (怀疑) myself right up to a few minutes before going on to play the match...”可知，他在此次参赛前一直信心不足。
答案：__D__
4．What makes Murray become the new pride of the British people?
A．The first male Grand Slam singles champion in 76 years.
B．His too much disappointment in the past few years.
C．The first singles champion at the London Olympics.
D．His defending champion's position many times.解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中“He is now Britain's first male Grand Slam singles champion in 76 years”可知。
答案：__A__
5．The Chinese meaning of the underlined word “runner-up” in the text is ________.
A．冠军 B．亚军 C．爱好者 D．参与者
解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段第三句“Djokovic has won five titles (冠军) while Murray was the runner-up in his last four Grand Slam finals.”可知，Murray 连续四次进入大满贯决赛，未获冠军，那么他应该是亚军。
答案：__B__(2013，重庆)
Kindergartens (幼儿园) may teach you very important things you need to know. Dancy, a 5-year-old boy, saved his father's life with the skills he learned.
The boy's father became seriously ill on the way home from a father-son shopping. He couldn't speak and could hardly move, but he tried hard to stop the car safely. At that point, Dancy used his father's phone to call his mother for help. The 5-year-old boy tried his best to give her useful information and he was able to tell where they were. Just as he had learned in the kindergarten, Dancy read the letters he saw on a nearby store sign：“F，U，R，N，I，T，U，R，E.” But that wasn't enough for his mother to find them. Then he added that they were near a bridge. Finally, his mother understood he was talking about a store called Furniture 22 on New Jersey's Route 22. The mother called 911 and the father was saved in time.
“He just thought his dad needed help，” Dancy's mother told the reporter. She also pointed out that her husband was a hero, too. “It is surprising for him to get off the highway (高速路) and get himself and his child to safety even when he was so sick，” she said.
Shine, head of the kindergarten, felt proud of his pupil. “Dancy's spelling skills helped him seize the moment，” he said. “And that's the real value (价值) of education.”1．When the father became seriously ill, he and his son were __A__．
A．on the highway B．at home
C．in a shopping center D．in a hospital
2．Dancy called __A__ for help when his father couldn't speak.
A．his mother B．911
C．Shine D．the reporter
3．The Chinese meaning of the word “seize” in this passage is probably “__B__”．
A．成功 B．抓住 C．救援 D．失去
4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage__D__？
A．Dancy drove his father home.
B．The reporter was really a hero.
C．Shine sent Dancy's father to hospital.
D．Dancy saved his father with his spelling skills.King's College Summer School is an annual (年度的) training program for high school students at all levels who want to improve their English.Courses are given by the teachers of King's College and other colleges in New York. Trips to museums and culture centers are also organized. This year's summer school will be from July 25 to August 15. More information is as follows：1.The summer training program includes all of the following except __A__．
A．doing a part-time job B．taking courses
C．having sports D．travelling
2．If you want to live at a relative's home in New York, you will have to pay the school __C__．
A．$200 B．$400 C．$500 D．$900
3．What correct information can you get from the passage？__C__
A．The program will last two months.
B．You can e-mail or ring up the school.
C．You can write to Thompson only in English.
D．Students in China can send applications on July 14.(二)(2013，黄冈)
Long long ago a man went to India and he had never been there before. When he got there, he saw a lot of fruit, but much of it was expensive because they couldn't grow much because there was little water. Finally he saw a big basket of some very red and long fruit. And it was the cheapest in the shop.
So he went up and asked, “How much each kilo？” and the shopkeeper said, “Two rupees (卢比)．”Two rupees in India was nothing. So he bought a whole kilogram of the fruit and started eating it. But after he ate some of it: oh, my god! His eyes watered, his mouth watered and burnt, and his face became red. He jumped up and down, saying, “Ah! Ah! Ah！”
But he still continued to eat the fruit! Some people who were looking at him shook their heads and said, “You're crazy, man. Those are chilies (辣椒)! You can't eat so many! People use them as a condiment,__but only a little bit to put into food for taste. You can't just eat them like that.” But the silly man said, “No, I can't stop! I paid money for them, and now I'll eat them up. It's my money！”
And you think that man was silly, right? We sometimes do a lot of things like that. We spend money, time or effort doing something. And even though it's been a long time, hard experience tells us it won't work, and we know there's no more hope, we still continue just because we've put money, time, effort and love into it. Just like the man who ate the chilies and felt so bad but couldn't stop because he didn't want to waste the money he'd paid.
So even if you've lost something, let it go and move on. That's better than continuing to lose.
4．The man chose to buy the red and long fruit only because __C__．
A．he hadn't eaten it before
B．he was hungry
C．it was cheap
D．he hadn't seen it before
5．The underlined word “condiment” in Paragraph 3 probably means __C__．
A．零食 B．水果 C．调料 D．蔬菜
6．Which of the following sentences is TRUE？__B__
A．The man went to India to buy fruit.
B．The man didn't want to waste money.
C．The man bought the fruit because it was expensive.
D．India can grow a lot of fruit.
7．From the passage, we can learn that __D__．
A．we shouldn't waste money
B．we shouldn't eat chilies
C．we shouldn't buy something cheap
D．letting something go is better than keeping on losing
课件16张PPT。聚焦中考——英语（普版）第43讲
词汇运用一、根据句意及汉语提示写单词。(2013，黔西南)
1．There are many passengers (乘客) waiting for train at Ding Xiao Railway Station every day.
2．As we know Sunday (星期天) is the first day of a week.
3．Do you know the capital (首都) of America?
4．How can we raise (筹钱) money for the poor children?
5．Our country is a developing (发展中的) country.
二、根据下列句子及所给单词的首字母写出所缺单词。(2013，广州)
6．David can run/race/row/ride very fast. I'm sure he will win the race at the sports meeting.
7．It's dangerous to swim in the river. It's safer to go to the swimming pool.
8．Animals are useful. For example, We can get fresh meat/milk from cows.
9．Your voice is very sweet. Would you sing a song at the English party?
10．Yao Ming, one of China's best ever basketball players, is more than 2 metres tall．三、阅读短文，然后从方框中选出可以填入文中空白处的单词。(2013，沈阳)
take，housework，soon，come，ourselves，most，what，like，top
What will the world be like in the future? In my idea, a lot of what we see in science fiction (科幻) films will __11__ true.
I think there will be flying cars people to park on __12__ of buildings.If this happens, there won't be any more traffic jams! I believe that __13__ houses will be green, as we'll only use the energy __14__ wind and solar power (太阳能). In the future, I think robots will do most of our __15__， so life will be easier. There will be robot teachers too, and children will __16__ laptop computers (笔记本电脑) to school instead of books. No one really knows __17__ the future holds for our life on Earth. All we need to do is to believe in __18__. After all, as Albert Einstein once said, “I never think of the future. It comes __19__ enough.”
11．come__ 12.top__ 13.most__
14．like__ 15.housework__ 16.take__
17．what__ 18.ourselves__ 19.soon__
词汇运用类题目的考点主要是考查学生对单词的拼写能力，以及词形变化和语法知识运用和词组辨别能力等。试题通常以语篇或句子的形式出现，测试内容以实词为主，虚词很少。测试题型为单词拼写、选词填空、根据首字母填空等。
1．选词填空解题应注意事项：
①先对备选的词汇的词性作简单标记，如：名词-n.，动词-v.，形容词-a.，副词-ad.等。同时对词义作初步的理解。
②根据题意或通读全文，猜测空格中所缺的信息，注意发现固定搭配关系，根据需要去备选词汇中寻找匹配的答案。③在填词过程中要注意词形的变化。既要符合本句的含义，又要保证句式结构的正确。为了方便记忆，试着记住下面的顺口溜：空前空后要注意，“名词”单复数要牢记，还有“'s”不能弃，“动词”注意要变形，“形副”注意要用三种级，要填“数词”请留意，千万别忘“基”和“序”，填人“代词”需慎重，五格变化要谨记。
④完成填词后，应通读全文，复核校对。检查单词拼写是否正确，是否有时态、语态、惯用法及词语选用上的错误，以确保答案的正确性。最后把答案填入答卷时，切勿错位。
【例1】 阅读短文，用所给词的适当形式填空，使短文意思完整，通顺。每空一词。(2013，玉林)
know，lucky，proud，problem，good，decide，he，
work，child，interest
Martin Murray is a school boy and he is fifteen years old.He used to be a “problem child”．He used to give his mother many __1__. However, after his father's death, Martin's life became much more difficult. His mother couldn't afford to pay for her __2__ education. She had to work, and so was often not at home.
His mother tried her best to look after him. Unfortunately, Martin still caused trouble. He was not __3____in studying and he often got into trouble with the police. __4__， his mother was very patient and didn't give up trying to help him. In the end, she made a difficult __5__： to send him to a boy's boarding school. Martin hated it and caused a lot of trouble. One day, he told his teacher he wanted to leave the school. Even the teacher agreed that Martin was wasting his time.解析：1.句意“他过去常常给他妈妈带来许多麻烦”，故应用problem，注意应使用其复数形式。
2．句意“她付不起她孩子的上学费用”，“孩子的”应使用名词所有格形式。
3．考查固定短语be interested in。
4．句意“幸运地是，她的母亲对他很有耐心，并没有放弃他”，“幸运地”应用luckily，注意首字母要大写。
5．考查固定短语make a decision。
6．句意“我知道我妈妈为我付出很多”，故应用动词know，注意时态应用一般现在时。
7．考查固定短语take pride in。8．句意“他努力学习，并在各科中得到了A”，故应用动词work，注意and前后并列动词短语的时态要保持一致，都应用一般现在时的单三形式。
9．句意“他是班级中最好的学生之一”，“最好的”应用形容词的最高级。
10．“感到自信”feel good about oneself，这时代词应用反身代词。
答案：
1．problems__ 2.child's__ 3.interested__
4．Luckily__ 5.decision__ 6.know__
7．pride__ 8.works__ 9.best__
10．himself__用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文通顺、正确、连贯(每个单词限用一次)。(2013，杭州)
time，horse，by，also，enough，however，few，ready，
send，hold
To：christine foo@hotmail.com
Date：23rd March
Subject：The Riding for the Disabled Association
Hi Christine，
Sorry I haven't emailed lately—I've been very busy since becoming a volunteer for the Riding for the Disabled Association.
Every Saturday，I help to get the horses __1__ for the disabled (残疾的) riders.Many more disabled people want to ride __2__ than you'd imagine.It's a disadvantage that I don't know how to ride—I'd love to got on long rides with the riders—but I'll learn soon __3__．Right now，I'm just happy to be able to lead the horses around for the disabled riders.I'm __4__ helping to organize a sale，which will be __5__ next month.It's a lot more work than helping the disabled.I need to collect second-hand things to sell at the sale.There are __6__ things available (可获得的) than I thought，but I'm sure we'll have enough __7__ next month.
I hope the sale raises more money than last month's walk.It was rainy，so too few people took part in the event.Last week，we held an auction (拍卖)．The auction took much less __8__ to organize than the walk.__9__，for some reasons，people offered too little money for the things，so we didn't raise enough money.
I'm __10__ you some pictures in the letter，as well as a speech I gave last week.
Robin1．ready__ 2.horses__ 3.enough__
4．also__ 5.held__ 6.fewer__
7．by__ 8.time__ 9.However__
10．sending__
2．单词拼写解题应注意的事项：
①要根据上下文之意，熟练运用所学词汇。
②要理解全句，填准词，因为有时英汉并非一一对应。
③要分析所填单词充当的句子成分，判断所填单词的词性。④要注意英汉语言之间的区别。对于有多个相同意思的单词，要选择最符合英语习惯的那个。
⑤要规范、工整地拼写出单词，不要因书写而丢分。
【例2】根据下面短文内容，在短文的空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。(2013，重庆)
Peter, was the best table tennis player in his school and hardly ever lost a match. He hated losing anything When he __1__，he would feel really good.If he lost，he would feel terrible.It seemed to Peter that losing was the __2__ thing in the world. A new kid，Albert，came to Peter's school.He was good at table tennis, too.Soon there would be a match __3__ Peter and Albert.Peter worked hard to get ready for the match，but Albert didn't seem to think __4__ of it.When the match began，Albert was a real player.There was always a __5__ on his face.while Peter looked serious all the time.Peter thought it was so important to win the match that he even wanted to cheat(舞弊)，but he lost in the end.
“You played very well ，Peter.I think we can play again sometime，”said Albert.
But Peter didn't __6__ happy and couldn't fall asleep that night.
One day，Peter saw Albert playing basketball. __7__ he lost again and again，the happy smile never left his face.Peter found Albert was great at table tennis，but bad at basketball.However，he enjoyed __8__ of them. Whether he won or lost the game, Albert enjoyed it. Peter came to realize that enjoying a game was much more important than winning or losing it，He felt happier than ever before.
解析：1.由后句可知前句句意为“当他赢的时候，他感觉真好。”
2．句意“在彼得看来失败似乎是世界上最糟糕的事情”。
3．考查固定搭配between...and...，意为“在……和……之间”。
4．考查固定词组think much of, 意为“尊重，重视”。
5．句意“在他的脸上总是有笑容”。
6．feel后接形容词作表语，意为“感觉”。
7．though引导让步状语从句。句意“尽管他再三失败，但幸福的微笑从来没有离开他的脸”。8．艾伯特既喜欢乒乓球，又喜欢篮球。故应用both表示“两者都”。
答案：1.won__ 2.worst__ 3.between__
4．much__ 5.smile__ 6.feel__
7．Though__ 8.both__
阅读下面短文，根据上下文填下所缺单词。(2013，衡阳)
Do you often communicate with your parents? Some parents are always comparing their __11__ with themselves or other people when they were young.
“When I was your age，” a father said to his sixteen-year-old son one day, “I was at the top of my class every year. And I __12__ what I wanted to do when I left school. I had goals(目标)．
You are always at the bottom(最后)of your class __13__ you have no goals.” The man's son said nothing. He had already heard this from his father many times. “And when your mother was your age，” the young man's father went __14__，“she had a good job and she __15__ lots of money. You don't even have a part-time job .You earn nothing.”The man's son still said nothing. He had heard this before，too.“And when your __16__ brother was your age，”the young man's father said, “he studied hard. But you just waste your time.” And the man's son still said nothing.
Finally, the young man's father said, “And when Abraham Lincoln was your age，he worked all day and studied at night.”This time the son __17__ stay silent.
“And when Abraham Lincoln was your age, father，” he said，“He was the President of __18__ United States. __19__ are you？” His father had no answer __20__ this.
Are your parents always comparing you with others? And what's your reply? Do you have a better way to communicate with each other?
11．children__ 12.knew__ 13.and__
14．on__ 15.made/earned__ 16.elder__
17．could't/didn't__ 18.the__ 19.what__
20．to__课件15张PPT。聚焦中考——英语（普版）第30讲
非谓语动词【名题实战】
1．—Excuse me.Could you please tell me __B__ my car?
—Sure.Park is right here.I'll help you.(2013，青岛)
A．how to stop B．where to park
C．where to stop D．when to park
2．— I'm new here.(2013，嘉兴)
—Don't worry.I'll do what I can __B__ you.
A．help B．to help C．invite D．to invite
3．Even Tony's granddaughter，a five-year-old girl，asked him __C__ smoking.(2013，上海)
A．give up B．gave up
C．to give up D．giving up
4．He promised __D__ his old friend during his stay in Tianjin.(2013，天津)
A．see B．seeing C．saw D．to see
5．Our English teacher often says to us，“__B__ English well is very important.” (2013，内江)
A．Learn B．Learning
C．Learned D．To learning
【考点梳理】
中考对非谓语动词的考查主要有：
1．动名词和动词不定式作主语；
2．动名词和动词不定式作表语，宾语；
3．动词不定式作宾语补足语；
4．动词不定式作目的状语；
5．固定短语搭配。
高频考向一 不定式
1．构成：to＋动词原形，即：to do形式。其否定形式为：not to do。如：
The teacher tells me to finish my homework after school.老师告诉我放学后完成我的作业。
2．动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
?作主语
To help the old is our duty.帮助老人是我们的职责。
注意：动词不定式作主语时，为了保持句子的平衡，往往用it作形式主语，而把不定式短语置于谓语动词之后。
①“It's＋ adj.＋of sb.＋不定式”表示“某人(做某事)……”。这一句型中常用表示性质、品格的形容词，常用的有good(好的)，kind(友善的)，nice(好的)，polite(有礼貌的)，clever(聪明的)，foolish(愚蠢的)，lazy(懒惰的)，careful(细心的)，careless(粗心的)，right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)等。如：
It's kind of you to help me.你帮了我，你真好。
②“It's＋ adj.＋for sb.＋不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说……”。常用的形容词有difficult(困难的)，easy(容易的)，hard(艰难的)，dangerous(危险的)，safe(安全的)，useful(有用的)，pleasant(舒适的)，interesting(有趣的)等。如：
It‘s dangerous for you to climb that tall tree.对你来说，爬上那个高树是危险的。?作表语
To eat is to live，but to live is not to eat.吃饭是为了活着，但活着并不是为了吃饭。
?作宾语
常接不定式作宾语的动词有：decide(决定)，expect(期望)，forget(忘记)，hope(希望)，pretend(假装)，try(尽力)等。如：
I want to borrow your bike.我想借你的自行车。
?作宾语补足语
常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask(要求)，tell(告诉)，want(想要)，teach(教)，wish(希望)，help(帮助)，warn(警告)，invite(邀请)，encourage(鼓励)等。如：
Tina told her sister to turn down the TV.蒂娜告诉她的姐姐把电视机的音量调小点。
She asked me to answer the phone while she was out.当她出去的时候，她叫我接电话。
?作定语
动词不定式作定语时，常置于被修饰名词之后作后置定语，且被修饰的名词与不定式的动词有动宾关系或介宾关系。如：
He wants some water to drink.他想要些水喝。(动宾)
He has no friends to talk with.他没朋友可以与之交谈。(介宾)
注意：①当不定式修饰的名词是time，place或way时，不定式后的介词习惯省去。如：
He had no place to live(in)．他没地方住。
②有些名词常可用不定式作定语。如：
a chance to go to school上学的机会
no time to think about rest没时间考虑休息
a way to learn(of learning)English学习英语的一种方法
?作状语
They ran over to welcome us.(表目的)
他们跑过来欢迎我们。
Paul is too excited to say anything.(表结果)
保罗激动得说不出话来。
I'm sorry to trouble you.(表原因)
很抱歉打扰你。
注意：有些动词不定式在使用时，要省去to。具体有：
①在动词let，feel，see，look at，watch，have，make，notice，hear等动词后，动词不定式作宾语时，要省略to。但在变被动语态时要加上。如：
I heard someone knock at the door.我听到有人在敲门。
We saw him enter the room.我们看到他进了房间。
②在would you please，had better，why not，would rather等结构的句型后，要用不带to的不定式。如：
Would you please make your bed？请整理下你的床，好吗？
You'd better go to bed early.你最好早点睡觉。
3．特殊疑问词＋动词不定式
能接不定式的疑问词有：what，which，how，who，when，where等。它们可以在句中作主语、宾语和表语。如：
I don't know what to do.我不知该做什么。
I don't know how to do it.我不知道该怎么去做这事。
I don't know what to do about it.关于这件事，我不知该做些什么。
The question is who to go.问题是谁去。
【例1】 How kind you are！You always do what you can ________ others.(2013，十堰)
A．help B．helping C．helps D．to help
解析：动词不定式作状语。句意为“你总是尽你所能来帮助别人”。
答案：__D__
【例2】 My parents often tell me________too much junk food because it's bad for my health.(2013，临沂)
A．not eating B．not to eat
C．eating D．to eat
解析：tell sb.(not) to do sth.意为“告诉某人(不要)做某事”，动词不定式做宾语；由原因状语从句句意“因为那对我的健康不利”可知，此处应用动词不定式的否定形式。
答案：__B__
【例3】 —Why are you so excited today?
—We were told________a picnic this weekend.(2013，南京)
A．have B．to have
C．having D．had
解析：答语是一个被动语态的句子，结合选项内容可知句意为“我们被告知这个周末要去野餐”。tell (sb.) to do sth.意为“告诉某人做某事”，其被动形式为(sb.)be told to do sth.。
答案：__B__
【例4】 —Why is Linlin practicing speaking English?
—________abroad for further study.(2013，泰安)
A．Go B．Gone C．To go D．Goes
解析：疑问词why用于提问原因，动词不定式结构可用来表示目的，回答原因。
答案：__C__
【例5】 Students should learn how ________ problem.(2013，雅安)
A．solve B．solving
C．can solve D．to solve
解析：“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”在句中作宾语。
答案：__D__
高频考向二 动名词
动名词具有名词的性质，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。如：
Saying so much is useless.说那么多没用处。(主语)
My greatest pleasure is traveling.我最大的乐趣是旅游。(表语)
She enjoys going to the cinema.她喜爱看电影。(宾语)
There is a swimming pool here.这儿有一个游泳池。(定语)
注意：(1)初中阶段常见的接动名词的动词或动词短语有：enjoy(喜欢)，finish(完成)，keep(保持)，practice(练习)，mind(介意)，suggest(建议)，be busy(忙于)；be worth(值得)，can't help(禁不住)，give up(放弃)，be used to(习惯于)，stop/prevent/keep…from(阻止)，look forward to(盼望)；feel like(想要)；be good at(擅长)；be interested in(对……感兴趣)；succeed in(成功)等。
(2)有些动词既可接不定式也可接动名词形式作宾语，但表达的意思不同。如：
