【走向高考 语法专攻】2015高考英语语法专题复习：定语从句（试题精解）

语法专项(二)　定语从句
考点一　关系代词that与which的用法区别
1．关系代词指代物，而引导词只用which不用that的情况。
(1)关系代词指物，作介词宾语的时候。
This is the question ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) about which they have had so much discussion in the past few weeks.
这是他们在过去几周讨论了多次的问题。
[考题印证]
(2012·成都摸底考试)China ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s 56 nationalities, each of ________ has its own characteristics, forming the various and colorful Chinese culture.
解析：句意：中国有56个民族，每个民族都有自己的特点，它们形成了丰富多彩的中国文化。根据语意可知此处应用which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为nationalities。
答案：which
(2)关系代词指前面的整个句子，引导非限制性定语从句时。
He failed in the exam, which made his father angry.
他考试不及格，这使他父亲很生气。
[考题印证]
(2013·安徽改编)Mo Yan was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, ________ made one of the Chinese people's long held dreams come true.
解析：本题考查定语从句。句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意：莫言在2012年被授予诺贝尔文学奖，这使得中国人长期以来的梦想之一变成了现实。分析句子结构可知，此处要用连词，引导定语从句；根据句中的逗号可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，所以填which而非that。
答案：which
2．that和which都指物时，在下列四种情况下一般用that而不用which。
(1)当先行词是all，everyth ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing，something，nothing，anything，much，little，few等不定代词时。
There was little that I could do for you.
我不能为你做什么。
That is all that I want to say.
那就是我想要说的。
(2)当先行词被序数词和形容词最高级修饰时。
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
在桂林他们参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。
(3)当先行词被the very, the only, just等修饰时。
This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.
这正是我要买的词典。
Mr. Smith is the only foreigner that he knows.
史密斯先生是他认识的唯一外国人。
[考题印证]
(2012·烟台二诊改编)—Is that the small town you often refer to
—Right, just the one ________ you know I used to work for years.
解析：考查定语从句。语意：——这就 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )是你时常提到的小镇吗？——对，你知道的，我在那里工作了几年。定语从句的先行词the one指的就是the small town，引导词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where来引导，you know是插入语，在句子中不作任何成分。
答案：where
(4)当人和物同时作先行词时。
Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about
你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗？
[考题印证]
(2012·江苏启东模考改编)Th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ey talked for about an hour of things and people ________ they remembered in the school.
解析：考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，定语从句中缺少宾语，而先行词是things and people，既有人又有物，根据语法规则，此处应用关系代词that而不能用which或whom。
答案：that
(5)当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
Which is the bike that you lost
哪一辆是你丢的自行车？
Who is the boy that won the gold medal
获金牌的男孩是谁？
考点二　whose和whom，of which引导的定语从句
whose是一个表示所属关系的词，在定语从句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )中作定语，相当于my，his，her，its，their等，修饰人或物。of which可以代替whose指物，词序一般是：the＋名词＋of which或of which＋the＋名词。of whom可以代替whose指人，词序是：the＋名词＋of whom。
This is the s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cientist whose name is known all over the country.＝This is the scientist the name of whom is known all over the country.这就是那位全国知名的科学家。
The classroom, whose door is broken, will soon be repaired.＝The classroom, the door of which is broken, will soon be repaired.＝The classroom, of which the door is broken, will soon be repaired.门破了的那间教室很快就会被维修。
[考题印证]
(1)We live in the room, ________ window faces the north.
(2)We live in the room, ______ the window faces the north.
(3)We live in the room, ________ faces the north.
解析：题(1)中的win ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dow前缺少限定词，用whose作定语。题(2)中的window前已有限定词the，又因为the window与先行词room之间为所属关系，所以用of which。题(3)中的从句缺少主语，此处表示“房间的窗户”，所以用the window of which＝whose window。
答案：(1)whose　(2)of which　(3)the window of which
考点三　“介词＋which/whom”中介词的确定
1．与定语从句中的动词构成搭配。
The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.＝The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.在会议中我与之谈话的那个人是北京大学来的。
In the dark street, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.
在漆黑的大街上没有一个人能为她提供帮助。
[考题印证]
(2012·河南三市第二次调研改编)T ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oday's English learners have a wide choice of dictionaries ________ which to choose.
解析：句意：今天的英语学习者在挑选 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )字典时有很多种选择。from which引导定语从句，修饰dictionaries。choose...from...表示“从……中挑选”。
答案：from
注意：有些固定短语中的介词不能拆开移到关系代词前。
This is the person (who/whom/that) you are looking for.
这就是你找的那个人。
2．与定语从句所修饰的先行词构成搭配。
He built a telescope, through which he could study the skies.
他架起一架望远镜，通过它他可以研究天空。
He came to a farm, on which he finally settled.
他来到一个农场，最终在那里定居下来了。
[考题印证]
(2013·浙江改编)The children, all of________ had played the whole day long, were worn out.
解析：本题考查定语从句。句意：孩子们都玩 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )了一整天，都累坏了。分析结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句；定语从句的先行词为 the children, 为人。
答案：whom
考点四　关系代词as，which的区别
1．as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。相同的是两者都可替代主句的整个内容，而不是主句中的某一个词。
The weather turned ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.
结果天气很好，这出乎我们的意料。
[考题印证]
(2013·山东改编)Ther ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e is no simple answer，________ is often the case in science.
解析：本题考查非限制性定语从句。句意： ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )没有简单的答案，这在科学方面是常有的事。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句；此处缺少主语。“as is often the case”可以看成是固定表达，意为“这是常有的事”。
答案：as
2．当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时，只能用as。
As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.＝The moon travels round the earth once every month, as/which is known to everybody.＝It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.＝What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.后两句属名词性从句范畴。
[考题印证]
(2013·陕西改编)________ is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
解析：本题考查定语从句。句意：正如孩子们经 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )常的状况，到医生来时，Amy好些了。As is often the case正如经常的状况，是一个常用结构，逗号后Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived 是主句，作了前面非限制性定语从句的先行词，as在此引导非限制性定语从句。
答案：As
3．当先行词被the same，such修饰时，定语从句需用as引导。
I bought the same book as you have.
我买了一本跟你的一样的书。
This is such an easy question as everyone can work out.
＝This is such an easy question that everyone can work it out.
这是这么一个简单的问题，每个人都能解决。
He'll marry as pretty a girl as he can find.
他将与他能发现的最漂亮的女孩结婚。
注意：当先行词被the same修饰时，that也可引导定语从句，但意义有所不同。
the same...as(指同样或同类的)，the same...that(指同一个)
This is the same watch as I lost.
这块表与我丢的那块一样。
This is the same watch that I lost.
这就是我丢的那块表。
[考题印证]
(2012·“江南十校”联考改编)—What does the notice say
—All the story ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tellers should meet at the same hall ________ won the first three prizes.
解析：考查定语从句。根据句法，这是个分 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )隔式定语从句，从句“________ won the first three prizes”缺少主语，先行词“All the storytellers”指人，所以用关系代词who或that，且不能省略。
答案：who/that
考点五　定语从句的几个难点
1．“介词＋where”引导的定语从句。
有时我们可以见到“介词＋where”引导的定语从句，此时要和“介词＋which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。
His head soon appea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )red out of the window, from where he saw nothing but trees.他的头很快从窗口探了出来，从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。(from where相当于from out of the window，而不是from the window)
[考题印证]
China is the birth p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lace of kites, from ________ kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.
解析：from where指从中国。
答案：where
2．分隔式定语从句。
定语从句有时不直接紧靠着先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。
There is an expression in his eyes that I can't understand.
我不能理解他眼中表达的东西。
Days are gone when the Chinese people were looked down upon.
中国人民被轻视的日子一去不复返了。
[考题印证]
(2012·江西改编)The girl ar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister ________ she would stay for an hour.
解析：考查定语从句。句意：这个女孩被 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )安排与她姐姐一起在培训中心上钢琴课，在那儿她愿意待上一个小时。where引导限制性定语从句，修饰the training centre。
答案：where
3．抽象地点类先行词后的定语从句。
当先行词为stage，situation，point，case等词且关系词在从句中作状语，这时用where引导定语从句。
They have reached t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he point where they have to separate with each other.
他们已经到了必须分手的地步。
I can think of many ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cases where students obviously know a lot of English words and expressions but can't write a good essay.
我能想出许多这样的场合，很显然学生知道许多英语词汇但是却写不出一篇好文章。
[考题印证]
—Believe it or not, my sister and I are twins.
—Oh, you must hav ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e had the case ________ you were taken for your sister.
解析：语意表示你肯定有过你被误认为是 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )你姐姐的情况。where you were taken for your sister是定语从句，修饰先行词the case，表示的是抽象地点，where可用in which替换。
答案：where
强 化 训 练
1.(2013·全国Ⅱ改编)When ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house ________ I would be staying.
答案：where　本题考查定 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语从句。句意：当我到达时，Bryan带我去看我将要住的房子。先行词是house，且从句中缺少地点状语，故用关系副词where引导定语从句。
2．(2013·江苏改编) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, ________ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.
答案：which　考查定语从句。句意：世界 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )银行行长说他非常喜爱中国，他记得这早在他的童年时代就开始了。分析句子成分：逗号前为主句，逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词在定语从句中作了start的宾语，用which来引导定语从句。
3．(2013·辽宁改编)He may wi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n the competition, ________ which case he is likely to get into the national team.
答案：in　考查定语从句的用法。句意：他或许在比赛中胜出，如果那样，他很可能进入国家队。
4．(2013·福建改编)The book ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ________ lives were affected.
答案：whose　本题考查定语从句用法。从句中缺少定语成分，故选whose修饰限定lives。
5．(2013·北京改编)M ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )any countries are now setting up national parks ________ animals and plants can be protected.
答案：where　本题考查定语从 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句。句意：我们国家正在建立一些国家公园，动物和植物在那儿可以得到保护。分析结构可知，此处是考查定语从句的引导词，先行词为 national parks，定语从句缺少状语，要用where来引导，相当于in which。
6．(2013·江西改编)He wrote ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a letter ________ he explained what had happened in the accident.
答案：where/in which　考 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )查定语从句引导词的用法。句意：他写了一封信，在信中他说明了事故中所发生的事。分析句式可知，此处用where表示“模糊的”地点概念，相当于in which。
7．(2013·重庆改编)John ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of ________ are family members.
答案：whom　本题考查定语从句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的引导词。句意：约翰请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，绝大多数是家庭成员。分析结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词为people，用“代词most＋介词＋whom”引导了非限制性定语从句。which也可以用于此结构，但是其先行词不能是人。
8．With hundreds of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )attractions, Beijing is a city ________ makes a lasting impression on its visitors.
答案：which　考查定语从句。句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意为：具有数百个景点的北京，是一个能给游客留下持久印象的城市。分析题干可知，此句为定语从句，city是先行词，关系词在从句中作主语，故应使用关系代词which来作为定语从句的引导词。
9．We have gathered ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) nearly 100,000 quilts, ________ up to half have gone to the flood hit areas.
答案：of which　句意：我们已经 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )收集了100 000床被子，其中近半都已经被运到了洪涝灾区。“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句，其中的介词可根据从句动词的搭配或先行词的搭配判断，此处介词表示范围，故用of。
10．My favori ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )te writer is Mo Yan, some of ________ novels have a surprising ending.
答案：whose　句意：我最喜欢的作家是莫言，他的一些小说都有一个令人意外的结尾。由句子结构可知，“some of＋关系词”引导定语从句修饰writer，关系词在从句中作novels的定语，故用whose。
11．Samuel survive ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d when the car ________ which he was a passenger turned off the road and hit a tree.
答案：in
12．Naturally a smile ________ which the eyes participate is extremely communicative.
答案：in　考查定语从句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。句意为：自然情况下，有眼神参与的微笑是一种极好的交流方式。题干为一个定语从句，smile是先行词，participate是不及物动词，后跟宾语时要接介词in。
13．It's said to b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e a case of murder ________ the children were used by adults.
答案：where　考查定语从句。句意为：据说这是一起谋杀案，在案件中孩子们被成年人利用了。先行词为case，且定语从句中缺少地点状语。
14．They find it ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )difficult to get girlfriends because they have little contact with girls in the small circle ________ they're living.
答案：in which　句意：他们 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )发现找女朋友很困难，因为他们在自己生活的这个小圈子里几乎没有与女孩接触的机会。“介词＋关系代词”引导从句，其中的介词在本句中根据从句的搭配they're living in the small circle判断用in。
15．Young peop ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )le who have got jobs may realize that university lessons can't be the only preparation for all of the situations ________ appear in the working world.
答案：which/that　句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意：找到工作的年轻人可能会意识到大学里学的课程并不是在以后的工作遇到的各种情况的唯一准备。所选项引导的从句修饰situations并在从句中作主语，故用that。
16．Eleven people got k ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )illed in the accident, ________ identities haven't been available.
答案：whose　考查定语从句。句意 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )为：在这起事故中，有11人死亡，他们的身份还没有弄清楚。the identities和eleven people逻辑上构成所属关系，故用whose。
17．After vis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iting Harbin, most of the foreign friends said they would never forget the time ________ they had spent.
答案：that/whic ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h　考查定语从句。句意为：在访问过哈尔滨之后，大多数外国友人都说，他们永远不会忘记在那里度过的那段时光。句式分析可知，先行词为the time，从句中缺少宾语成分(作spend的宾语)，故应用which或that来引导定语从句。
18．The British are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) not so familiar with different cultures and other ways doing things, ________ is often the case in other countries.
答案：as　句意：英国人对不同的文化及 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )其他做事方式不是很熟悉，这在其他国家也是常有的事。由两个句子之间用逗号连接可知，后一句是从句，as is often the case是固定用法，意为“也是常有的事”，关系代词as引导定语从句并在从句中作主语。
19．Suddenly I heard ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a man shouting at a driver, ________ car was blocking the street.
答案：whose　考查定语从句。句意为 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )：突然我听到一个人对一个司机喊了起来，那个司机的车挡住了路。whose引导定语从句，在从句中作定语，修饰先行词a driver。空白处也可改成：the car of whom。
20．It was not until Mu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )m agreed to take her to KFC, ________ was her favorite, ________ the spoiled girl stoppeds crying.
答案：which；that　句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意：直到妈妈答应带她去她的最爱——肯德基，这个被娇惯坏了的小女孩才不哭了。第一空引导从句，修饰KFC，作非限制定语从句，从句缺少指物的主语，故用which；第二空与句首的It was一起构成强调结构，用that。
21．—How do you like the book
—It's quite different from the ________ I read last month.
答案：one　考查定语从句。句意为：——你认为这本书怎么样？——和我上个月读的有很大不同。分析句子结构可知，句中“I read last month”为宾语从句或定语从句，若为宾语从句，从句缺read的宾语，且指物用what来引导；若为定语从句，则应补上先行词，用the one指代the book，引导词在从句中作read的宾语，故用that，which或省略；所以填one。
22．The school shop, ________ customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.
答案：whose　句意：那家学校商 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )店假期不营业，它的顾客主要是学生。所选项引导非限制性定语从句，修饰the school shop，并在从句中作customers的定语，故用whose。
23．Have you ev ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er dreamed of staging a concert, ________ thousands of people are applauding and appreciating your music
答案：where/at which　考查定语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )从句。句意为：你有没有梦想过举办一场音乐会，让成千上万的观众欣赏你的音乐并为你鼓掌？句子的先行词是concert，并在从句中作地点状语，代入从句后，需加介词at，故填“at which”或where。
24．—How are things going, Janet
—They have set out to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) deal with the present situation ________ they think deserves their immediate attention.
答案：which/that　考查定语从句。句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意为：——Janet，目前事情进展如何？——他们已开始着手处理这种值得立即关注的现状。分析句式可知：they think是插入语，先行词是(the present) situation，又因定语从句中缺少主语成分，故应用which或that来引导定语从句。注意本题不要受定势思维干扰而误填where，situation是先行词，在从句中作状语时，才用where引导定语从句。
25．(2013·福建南安一中 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )期中考试改编)The famous scientist said it was his primary school teachers and their lessons ________ he was fond of ________ influenced his whole life.
答案：that; that　句意：那位著名的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )科学家说，正是他的小学老师及他们所教授的那些他很喜欢的知识影响了他的一生。第一空引导从句修饰名词his primary school teachers and their lessons，作定语，先行词既有人又有物，引导词在从句中作介词of的宾语，用that引导。第二空与said后的宾语从句句首的it was一起构成强调结构，用that。