【走向高考 语法专攻】2015高考英语语法专题复习:情态动词与虚拟语气(试题精解)

文档属性

名称 【走向高考 语法专攻】2015高考英语语法专题复习:情态动词与虚拟语气(试题精解)
格式 zip
文件大小 33.9KB
资源类型 教案
版本资源 通用版
科目 英语
更新时间 2014-05-10 10:27:06

图片预览

文档简介

语法专项(五) 情态动词与虚拟语气
一、情态动词
考点一 can和could的用法
1.表示惊讶,常用在否定句和疑问句中。
How could you do such a silly thing
你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢?
2.表示可能性,意为“可能,有时会”。can和could没有时态的差异,只是could不太肯定。
Jogging can be harmful to the health.
慢跑可能会对健康有害。
Accidents can/could happen on such rainy days.
这样的多雨天气可能会发生交通事故。(客观的可能性)
3.can用于否定句,意为“应该不是,不可能”。
I think it's all right. She can't make a mistake.
我想应该没事,她不可能犯错误。
The story can't be true.
这个故事不可能是真的。
4.cannot...too/enough表示“无论……也不过分”;“越……越好”。
You can't be too careful while driving.
开车时越小心越好。
You cannot remember enough English words.
你记的英语单词越多越好。
5.cannot but+do sth.表示“不得不,只好”。
I couldn't but choose to go.
我只好去。
[考题印证1]
(2013·安徽改编)It ________ be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.不可能是词汇导致了你练习中的问题,因为你知道很多的词。
解析:本题考查强调句和情态动词。根据后半句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“because you know a lot of words”,可知此处要用否定词,couldn't“不可能”。
答案:couldn't
[考题印证2]
(2013·江西改编)When I was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a child, I ________ watch TV whenever I wanted to.
解析:考查情态动词的用法。句意:我小孩子时,每当我想看电视,我就能看。could能够。
答案:could
考点二 may和might的用法
may和might表示“许可”,“可能性”,“祝愿”等意义。
1.表示许可。
May I come in
我可以进来吗?
Might I borrow your computer
我可以借一下你的电脑吗?
—May I play basketball this afternoon
今天下午我可以打篮球吗?
—No, you can't.
不,不行。
2.表示可能性。
may和might表示可能性时,可以对现在、过去或将来进行推测。
Peter may come with us tonight, but he isn't sure yet.
彼得今晚可能和我们一起来,但他还没确定。(实际可能性,不用can)
He might be studying in the classroom.
他可能正在教室里学习。
3.“may as well+动词原形”意为“最好,满可以,倒不如”。
You may as well do it at once.
你最好马上就做这件事。
We may as well stay where we are.
我们留在现在的地方倒也不错。
4.may作“可以”讲时,其否定式常用mustn't表示“禁止”;must作“必须”讲时,其否定式是“needn't”,表示“不必”。
—May I use your car
我可以用你的车吗?
—No, you mustn't.(委婉的拒绝可用:Sorry,but I am using it now.或You'd better not.等)不,你不可以。
[考题印证]
(2013·北京改编)—You needn't take an umbrella.It isn't going to rain.
—Well, I don't know.It ________ do.
解析:本题考查情态动词。句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意:——你不必带伞。不会下雨的。——我不知道。也可能会下。might或许,可能,表示有一定的可能性。由I don't know可知,此处不确定,有一定的可能性,用might。
答案:might
考点三 must的用法
1.表示义务,意为“必须”(主观意志)。
We must do everything step by step.
我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。
在这种用法中must表示出于主观意识而 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )必须要做某事,have to表示由于某种客观原因而不得不做某事。除此以外,have to自身有时态的变化。
I have to go now for I've got a meeting 15 minutes later.
我现在必须要走了,因为我15分钟后有个会要开。
注意:回答以must引导的问句时, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )若是否定回答,不可以用mustn't而用needn't或是don't have to,因为mustn't意思是“绝不能,一定不要”,而没有“不必”的意思。
—Must we hand in our exercises today
我们今天必须交作业吗?
—Yes, you must.
是的,必须交。(肯定回答)
—No, you needn't (you don't have to).
不,不必今天交。(否定回答)
—Must I work out the problem tonight
今天晚上我必须解决这个问题吗?
—No, you needn't.
不,你不必。
2.表示猜测、推测。
must常用于肯定句中表示猜测。对现在或未来的事进行猜测时,后接动词原形;对已经发生的事进行猜测时,后接have+过去分词。
He must be ill. He looks so pale.
他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。
I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep.
我没听见电话铃响。当时我一定睡着了。(表肯定)
3.表示禁止(用于否定句)。
Smoking must not be allowed in the office.
严禁在办公室吸烟。
4.表示“偏执”,“固执”。
Must you make so much noise
你非得弄出这么大声吗?
If you must smoke, please go out.
如果你偏要吸烟,那你就出去吧。
[考题印证]
—Why don't you wear you jogging shorts, Mum
—Well, my legs are too skinny, if you ________ know.
解析:考查情态动词。答语表示“好吧 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),如果你真想知道,我的腿太瘦了”,此处是must的习惯用法,if you must...表示“不想让你……但也没办法”。
答案:must
考点四 shall的用法
1.用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。
Shall we begin our class
我们可以开始上课吗?
Shall the driver wait outside
司机在外边等着可以吗?
2.用于第二、第三人称陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
I promised he shall get a present for his birthday.
我许诺给他一件生日礼物。
You shall not get my support if you do such a thing.
假如你做那种事,我就不支持你。
[考题印证]
—Can I get out in the daytime
—No. The school rules ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )state that no child ________ be allowed out during the day, unless accompanied by an adult.
解析:shall用于第三人称,在条约、规定,法令等文件中表示义务或规定。
答案:shall
考点五 will和would的用法
作情态动词的will,would与作助动词的will,would的各种形式相同。
1.表示自愿做或主动提出做什么,如意志、愿望或决定等。
would用于过去的情况。
—Can someone fetch some water
谁能去取点水来?
—I will.
我去。
2.与you连用表示请求或要求:用won't you强调邀请的语气。would比will更客气、委婉。
Would you mind opening the window for me
请你给我打开窗户好吗?
3.will表示规律性的“注定会”。
You will regret forever if you lose the chance.
如果失去这个机会你会后悔一辈子的。
[考题印证]
(2012·沧州联考改编) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )These plants ________ die if it doesn't rain in another week.
解析:will表示“注定会……”。
答案:will
考点六 need和dare的用法
need和dare既可用作情态动词,也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时,主要用于否定句和疑问句。用作实义动词时,可用于各种句式。
1.用作情态动词
—Need I come
我需要来吗?
—Yes, you must.
需要。
You needn't telephone him now.
你现在不必打电话给他。
She dare not go out alone at night.
她晚上不敢一个人出去。
2.用作实义动词
You don't need to do it yourself.
你不必亲自做这件事。
We need to tell them the news.
我们需要把这消息告诉他们。
The table needs painting (to be painted).
桌子需要油漆一下。
We should dare to give our own opinion.
我们要敢于提出自己的观点。
He did not dare to look up.
他不敢抬头看。
[考题印证]
—Who is late for class again
—________ you ask Tim, of course.
解析:第一个问“谁上课又 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )迟到了?”根据答语的第二句“Tim,of course.”可知,空白处填Need。答句意为“还需要问吗?当然是蒂姆了。”
答案:Need
考点七 used to和would
1.表示过去重复、习惯性动作时,used to可用would代替。
He would sit at the door waiting for his son coming back.
他老是坐在门口等儿子回来。
2.used to强调过去与现在对比,would则没这个意思。
He used to get up early.
他以前常常起得很早。(他现在不早起了)
3.表示过去的状态,只能用used to,不可以用would。
There used to be a tree in my yard.
以前,我家院里有一棵树。
[考题印证]
There ________ to be a lot of trees here, but now none is left.
解析:there used to be...过去有……。
答案:used
考点八 could/might/would/should表委婉的功能
—Could/Might I use your bike tomorrow morning
明天上午我能用你的自行车吗?
—Yes, you can/may.(否定:No, I'm afraid not.)
好,你可以(用)。(不,恐怕不行。)
不可说:Yes, you could/might.回答允许时,用could/might表委婉是不恰当的。
—Could I borrow your dictionary
我能借你的词典吗?
—Yes, of course you can.
是的,当然可以。
Would you do me a favor
请帮我一下,好吗?
考点九 “情态动词+have done”的用法
1.must have done
此结构常用在肯定句中,表示对过去发生的行为的推测,意为“一定,肯定”。其否定或疑问形式用can't,而不用mustn't。
He must have been drunk to say that.
他准是喝醉了才那样说的。
2.should+have done
表示本应该做而实际上没有做,其否定式“shouldn't have done”表示某种行为不该发生却发生了。
I think he should h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ave tried to get more qualifications before applying for the job.
我认为他在申请这份工作之前应首先努力取得更多的资格证明。
3.can (could)+have done
肯定式表示本来可以做而实际上未能做某事,疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定。
You could have told me you were going to be late.
你应当早告诉我你会晚到的。
4.may (might)+have done
表示对过去(将来)发生的行为的推测,表示可能干了某事。
Who knows what will happen You may even have married by then.
谁知道会发生什么呢?到那时你甚至可能已经结婚了。
5.ought to+have done
表示过去应做某事而实际未做,其否定式是“ought not to+不定式完成式”,此时ought to可与should换用。
What you ought to have done is call the police.
你早该报警了。
6.needn't+have done
表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事。
Terence has done so ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) little work; he needn't have bothered to come to school today.
特伦斯几乎没做什么功课,他今天其实就不用来学校。
[考题印证]
(2013·辽宁改编)Harry ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is feeling uncomfortable.He ______(drink) too much at the party last night.
哈里感觉很不舒服。他一定是在昨晚的聚会上喝得太多了。
解析:此处是对过去行为的推测,对过去的肯定推测用must have done,“过去一定做了……”
答案:must have drunk
二、虚拟语气
考点一 虚拟语气用于状语从句中
1.虚拟语气用于非真实条件句
条件从句 主句 例句
与现在事实相反 If I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+动词过去式(be的形式一律用were) I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+would/should/could/might+动词原形 If he were indoors, he wouldn't feel so cold.
与过去事实相反 If I (we,you,he,she,it,they) had+过去分词 I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+would/should/could/might+have done If you had taken my ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )advice, you wouldn't have failed in the examination.
与将来事实相反 A式:If+主语+一般过去时B式:If+主语+were to doC式:If+主语+should do I (we,do,he,she,it,they) would/should/could/might+动词原形 A:If he were here this evening, we would play cards.B:If she were to marry Jack, she would be happy.C:If she should know it, she would tell me.
[考题印证]
(2013·重庆改编)—What are you doing this Saturday
—I'm not sure, but I ________ go to the Rolling Stones concert.
解析:本题考查情态动词。句意:——这 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )星期六你干什么?——我不确定,但是我可能会去听滚石乐队。might或许,可能,表示有一定的可能性。由前置语境I'm not sure可知,此处表示不确定,但是有可能,故用might。
答案:might
2.虚拟条件句和主句动作如发生的时间不一致,主句和从句的谓语要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式,这种句子叫做错综时间条件句。
If I were you, I wouldn't have missed the film last night.
如果我是你,我就不会错过昨晚那部电影了。(现在→过去)
If they had left ho ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )me in early morning, they would arrive in half an hour.
要是他们一大早离开家的话,再过半个小时就该到了。(过去→将来)
[考题印证]
(2013·天津改编)If h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e had spent more time practising speaking English before, he ________(be) able to speak it much better now.
解析:本题考查虚拟语气。题意:如果他以 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )前花了更多时间练习说英语,他现在就能说得好多了。这是一个由if引导的虚拟条件句,从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反,所以是一个错综时间条件句。主句与现在事实相反,所以谓语动词要用would do构成。
答案:would be
3.有时虚拟条件不用从句,而是通过上下文或 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )用介词短语等表示出来,这种句子叫含蓄虚拟条件句。常用的介词有with,without,but for等。
But for your help, we couldn't have succeeded.
要不是你的帮助,我们是不会成功的。
Without electricity life would be quite different today.
如果没有电,今天的生活就会完全不同。
[考题印证]
(2013·安徽改编)I ________(go) to my cousin's birthday party last night, but I was not available.
解析:本题考查虚拟语气。句意 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ):昨天晚上我本来要去我表弟的生日晚会,但是我没空。would do表示对将来或现在的假设;would have done表示对过去事情的假设,意思是“本来会做”。but后面是实际情况,而前面则是虚拟语气。
答案:would have gone
考点二 虚拟语气用于名词性从句中
1.用于宾语从句中。
(1)wish后面所跟宾语从句中的虚拟语气。
表示对现在情况的虚拟:wish+主语+动词过去式或were
表示对过去情况的虚拟:wish+主语+had+过去分词
表示对将来情况的虚拟:wish+主语+would/could+动词原形
I wish (that) I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.
我希望我是只小鸟能在天空自由飞翔。
How I wish I had listened to my parents' advice!
我多么希望听了父母的建议!
How I wish it weren't raining now.
我多希望现在没下雨啊。
[考题印证]
(2012·北京西城期末改编)—Let's play football together tomorrow afternoon.
—OK, but how I wish I________(play) it as skillfully as you.
解析:wish后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。根据句意可知此处表示与现在的事实不符的一种愿望,因此从句用一般过去时态。
答案:had played
(2)用于表示建议、愿望、命令等词后的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )宾语从句中,常见的动词有:demand,order,require,insist,suggest,propose,advise等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。
He suggested that we (should) start off early the next day.
他建议我们第二天早点出发。
[考题印证]
(2013·浙江改编)Eye doctors recommend that a child's first eye exam ________(be) at the age of six months old.
解析:本题考查虚拟语气在名词性从句中的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )运用。句意:眼科医生建议孩子的第一次视力检查应该在六个月大的时候。recommend推荐,建议;后接从句,从句用虚拟语气,谓语动词用should do,should可以省略。
答案:(should) be
(3)在would rather后的宾语从句中,也用虚拟语气,其结构为:
would rather sb.+
I would rather they didn't hear of the news.
我宁愿他们没听到那个消息。
I would rather you hadn't told him the news yet.
我宁愿你没把消息告诉他。
[考题印证]
(2012·江西丰、樟、高、宜四市联考改 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )编)Our teacher insisted that the key words worth paying attention to ________(underline) before class.
解析:分析句子结构可知,worth payi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng attention to作the key words的后置定语;insist表示“坚持主张”时,其宾语从句使用虚拟语气,谓语动词使用should do,should可以省略,因此该从句谓语为(should) be underlined。
答案:(should) be underlined
2.用于主语从句中。
It is desired/sugg ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ested/proposed/recommended/necessary/important/strange/natural/a pity/essential+that从句,从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。
It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.
人们建议会议推迟到下周。
It is strange that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he (should) have acted toward his parents like that.(act在主句谓语动词be之前发生,所以要用“should have acted”)真奇怪他竟然那样对他父母。
[考题印证]
(2013·青岛一模)It's stro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ngly suggested that measures ________(take) to forbid students to cheat in the exams.
解析:句意:强烈建议采取措施来禁止 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )学生在考试中作弊。在“It is+过去分词+that从句”结构中,that从句要用虚拟语气,谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”。
答案:(should) be taken
3.用于表语从句和同位语从句中。
在suggestion,propos ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )al,order,plan,idea,request,advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,其构成是“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。
My idea is that we (should) think it over before accepting it.
我的意见是在接受之前要反复考虑。
We all agreed to hi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s suggestion that we (should) go to Dalian for sightseeing.
我们都同意他让我们去大连旅游的建议。
考点三 特殊句型中的虚拟语气
1.it is (high/about) time (that)...句型中的虚拟语气。
在句型“it is (high/about) time (that)...”后面也可跟虚拟语气,从句中常用过去式。有时也用“should+动词原形”,意为“该是……的时候了”。
It is time (that) we went home.
我们该回家了。
[考题印证]
(2012·浙江六校联盟第一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )次联考)It's high time that we ________(devote) ourselves to environmental protection and ecological improvement.
解析:句意:是我们致力于环 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )境保护和生态改善的时候了。在It's (high/about) time that...结构中应使用虚拟语气,后的谓语动词可用一般过去时。
答案:devoted
2.if only引导的感叹句中的虚拟语气。
在“if only”引导的感叹句中,要求用 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )虚拟语气,表示愿望。用过去时或“would/could/might+动词原形”表示与现在或将来事实相反的愿望;用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。
If only I had not been ill last week!
要是上周我没病该多好啊!
[考题印证]
(2012·南通二调)It's too ba ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d that my computer has got a new virus. If only I ________(run) that programme!
解析:考查虚拟语气。if only后面的从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气,从语意知这里是对过去状况的虚拟,所以谓语动词用过去完成时。
答案:hadn't run
3.as if从句中的虚拟语气。
as if从句中,看语境是否与事实相反而选择是否使用虚拟语气。
It looks as if it's going to rain.
天看上去似乎要下雨。
The kid talks as if he were a grown up.
这孩子说起话来像个成年人似的。
[考题印证]
(2012·北京改编)Don't handle the vase as if it ________(be) made of steel.
解析:as if条件句用虚拟语气表示与现在的事实相反。句意:“不要对待那个花瓶像它是由钢制成似的。”
答案:were
强 化 训 练
1.(2013·全国Ⅰ改编)The door ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ________ not open, no matter how hard she pushed.
答案:would 本题考查情 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )态动词的用法。句意:不管她怎样用力推,门就是打不开。would情态动词(表示尽管付出很大努力却没有发生)就(不),偏(不),如:He kicked, pushed, and hurled his shoulder at the door. It wouldn't open.他冲着门又踢又推,还用肩膀撞,但门就是打不开。
2.(2013·福建改编)—Do you think George has passed the driving test
—No. If so, he ________(drive) his car to our college yesterday.
答案:would have dr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iven 本题考查虚拟语气的用法。由句意可知驾驶考试已经过去,故考查对过去情况的虚拟。If so=If he had passed it。
3.(2013·陕西改编)The chil ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dren ________(get) lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.
答案:must have got 本题 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )考查情态动词。句意:孩子们一定是在树林里迷路了,否则按时间他们会在湖边野营了。根据下文可知此处是做了很有把握的肯定的推测,故用must;要表示对于过去的事情的推测要用情态动词+have done的形式。
4.(2013·湖南改编)He _ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_______ not sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.
答案:can/could 考查情态动词。句意:当他急于想出办法时,尽管他想睡,却无法入睡,直到他想出办法为止。
5.(2013·四川改编)—Wh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y are your eyes so red You ________ not have slept well last night.
—Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.
答案:can 本题考查情态动词表示推测的用法。句意:你的眼睛为什么这么红?你昨天晚上肯定没有睡好。can't have done在此表示过去不可能发生某事。
6.—Could you please have my car ready today
—Sure, the damage i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s not that serious, so it ________ be ready by 5:00 pm.
答案:should 考查情态动词用 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )法。句意为:我的车今天能修好吗?当然,损伤并不严重,因此应该在下午5点前能修好。根据语境可知,空格处表示的是推测,should“应该”,语气较强,符合题意。
7.The parcel was a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) whole week late. How I wish I ________(choose) air mail instead.
答案:had chosen 考查虚拟语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )气。句意为:这个包裹晚了整整一周。我多么希望我当初选择的是航空邮政。根据题干可知,本句考查的是wish后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气的用法。根据语境可知,此处是与过去情况相反的虚拟语气,故应用“had+过去分词”结构,had chosen符合题意。
8.—________ you leave now You only arrived an hour ago!
—Sorry, but so much homework is waiting for me.
答案:Must 考查情态动词。句意为:现在必须得走吗?你一个小时前才到呀!对不起,但是我还有很多作业要做。must意为“必须,非得”。
9.There was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )something wrong with the network, or the e mail could ________(send) earlier.
答案:have been sent 考查虚拟语气。句意为:网络出了问题,否则那封电子邮件本可以早点发出去的。or引导的是含蓄式虚拟语气,其后面的句子相当于主句。根据前面句子中的时态(一般过去时)可知,or后面的句子中的谓语动词应用“should/could/would+have done”形式。
10.A hot balloon ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )blew up in Egypt. There ________(be) something wrong with the quality of it.
答案:may have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )been 考查情态动词。句意为:在埃及一个热气球爆炸了,可能是热气球的质量出了问题。根据blew可知,此处表示对过去情况的推测,故用“情态动词+have done”的形式。
11.—David is often absent from class.
—Tell him he ________ answer for it if he goes on behaving like that.
答案:shall 考查情态动词。句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意为:David现在经常旷课。告诉他,如果再这样,后果自负。情态动词shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句中,可表示警告、许诺、命令、威胁等语气。
12.Time ________ heal a broken heart. After five years, Steve seems to have got over the sorrow of losing his son.
答案:can 考查情态动词。句意为 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ):时间会治愈一颗破碎的心。五年过去了,Steve似乎已从丧子之痛中走了出来。can表示主语有某种能力或可能性,强调客观性、普遍性和反复性,符合题意。
13.For those ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of you who ________(miss) a few very popular articles that came out last week, check out this mail.
答案:might/may ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve missed 考查情态动词。may/might+have done意为“或许已经做了……”,表示对已经发生的事情做出不太肯定的推测,强调语气的委婉有礼,社交意味浓。
14.—Can you keep a secret
—You ________ worry—I'm not going to mention it to anyone.
答案:needn't 考查情态动词。句意为:你能帮我保守秘密吗?你不必担心,我不会向任何人提及的。needn't不必要。
15.We ________(arrive) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) here on time but we were caught in a traffic jam.
答案:could have arri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ved 考查虚拟语气。句意为:我们本来能够准时到达,可是我们遇到交通堵塞了。could have arrived意为“本来能够到达,却没有到达”,符合语境。
16.If you __ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )______(leave) home without a word, your parents would be so worried now.
答案:had left  ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )考查虚拟语气。句意为:如果不是你不说一句话就离开家的话,你父母现在就不会如此着急了。本句是一个混合虚拟语气,if从句是对过去事情的假设,所以从句谓语动词用had done形式。
17.If I ________(take) your advice then, I think that the crops could be growing better.
答案:had taken 考查虚拟语气 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。句意为:要是当时我听了你的建议,现在庄稼可能长得更好。由“then”可知,此处是对过去事实的虚拟,所以if引导的条件句要用“had+过去分词”形式。
18.—How was your trip to Yancheng last week
—Wonderful! I only f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )elt sorry that I ________(visit) the nature reserve of red crowned cranes, but the weather was awful.
答案:could/should/wou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ld have visited 考查虚拟语气。句意为:你上周去盐城的旅游怎么样?相当不错!要不是天气糟糕的话,我本可以去参观丹顶鹤自然保护区的。那是我唯一感到遗憾的事情。本题为含蓄式虚拟语气的表达,其中but引导的句子相当于if条件句。根据语意可知,此处是对过去情况的假设虚拟,因此主句中的谓语动词应用“should/could/would+have done”的形式。
19.If you want somebody to go window shopping with you, why not try calling Marie —she ________ be home by now.
答案:should 考查情态动词。句意为:如 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )果你想找个人和你一起去逛商店,为什么不给Marie打电话呢?她现在应该在家。根据语意可知,此处表示“按理应该”,应用“should”一词。
20.People love ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the convenience of bottled water, but if they ________(realize) the problem it causes, they ________ try carrying water in a reusable steel container instead of plastic.
答案:realized;would 考查虚拟语气。句意为:人们喜欢瓶装水的便利,但如果他们意识到瓶装水会导致的问题,他们就会使用可循环利用的铁罐代替塑料瓶来携带水。if虚拟句表示对现在的虚拟假设,从句用一般过去时,主句用would+do形式。
21.—Show me your permit, please.
—Oh, it's not in my pocket. It ________ (fall) out.
答案:must have fall ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en 考查情态动词。句意为:请给我看你的准入证。哦,证件不在我的口袋里,肯定是掉了。must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测,意为“一定做过某事,一定发生了某事”。
22.According t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o the rules and regulations, all payments ________ be made in cash in the shopping center.
答案:shall 考查情态动词。句意为:根据 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )规定,购物中心的所有款项都应以现金支付。情态动词shall用于第三人称时,表示“法律和条文等的规定”。
23.Martin hasn't got ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in touch with me for ages. He ________ not have got my new cell phone number.
答案:can 考查情态动词。句意为:Mart ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in已经很多年没有联系我了。他可能没有我新的电话号码。can用于否定句中表示推测,且与hasn't got in touch with me相呼应可知,是对已发生事情的推测。
24.—How dangerous it was!
—Yes, but for t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he passer by's quick action, the girl ________ have been drowned.
答案:would/could/should/ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )might 考查情态动词及语态。句意为:刚才好危险啊。是啊,要不是路人反应快,那个女孩就要溺水了。the girl和drown之间构成被动关系,排除选项C;根据but for和was可知,此处表示对过去发生的事情的虚拟,主句中谓语动词应用“would (should,could,might)+have+过去分词”形式。
25.The projec ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t was carefully planned, or a great deal of money ________ have been lost.
答案:would/shou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ld/could/might 考查虚拟语气。句意为:这个项目计划很周详,否则会损失很多钱。根据was和转折连词or提示可知,是对过去事实进行虚拟,故主句用should/would/could+have done的形式。