定语从句讲解

课件62张PPT。 They are kind and warm-hearted people who can give time, energy and talents to help others in need and serve their communities, expecting nothing in return. A Riddle (谜)限制性定语从句 引导词先行词先行词引导词Unit 4 SharingAttributive Clause (restrictive)
限制性定语从句 Grammar Revision先行词关系词定语从句Mary is a girl who has long hair.关系代词关系副词that, which, who, whom, whose, aswhere, when , why 1.意义：
定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的句子.
2.写法：
　　 ①找出两个简单句的共有成分；
　　 ②将从句中的共有成分去掉；
　　 ③用关系词引导剩下的从句，并紧接在被修饰词之后．关系词的选择标准看先行词在定语从句中充当什么句子成分
2. 如果是关系代词看先行词指人还是物※注：1.介词提前时一般只用which和whom。
2.whose+名词=the+名词+of which/ of whom关系代词引导的定语从句Yesterday I helped an old man who/that lost his way.
The man (who/whom) you met just now is my friend.
This is the pen (that/which) he bought yesterday.
This is the boy whose father is a famous scientist.
The orphan lived in the house whose windows were all broken.一、关系代词引导定语从句时应注意的问题1、定语从句谓语动词的单复数取决于先行词。
The number of the people whothat come to visit the city each year is about 100,000.
注：先行词是"one of +复数名词”时，定语从句谓语动词一般用复数，但one被the only等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
She is one of the girls who study hard.
She is the only one of the girls who studies hard.2、关系代词whose引导的定语从句
whose引导定语从句时，先行词可以是人也可以是物，whose在从句中作定语。whose+名词=the+名词+of which/ of whom
=of whom / of which +the +n.
The old man is very sad. His son was killed in the war.
→The old man whose son was killed in the war is very sad.
=The old man the son of whom was killed in the war is very sad.
=The old man of whom the son was killed in the war is very sad.
The house is mine. The window of the house is broken.The house whose window is broken is mine. whose=the house’s windowThe house is mine.the window of which is brokenof which the window is broken3、关系代词as引导的定语从句(as指代的先行词是人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语）
先行词与as, so, such, the same连用时
You can wait for me at the same place as we did.
Beijing is not the same city as it used to be.
Such books as you tell me are interesting.
注意："the same... as"表示相似的东西
"the same... that"表示同一人或物
This is the same knife that I lost yesterday.
This is the same knife as I lost yesterday.
注意：such... as...（定语从句）
such... that...（状语从句）如此...以致于...
This is such an easy question as I can answer.
This is such an easy question that I can answer it.
This is such a big stone ___ no one can move it .
so big a stone ____no one can move.thatasShe is such a good teacher ____we all like her.
____we all like.
quite a good teacher _____we all like .thatasthatSuch girls __ know Tom well think he is clever.as4、“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时，先行词是人，用whom；先行词是物，用which。
注意：介词的选用主要取决于三个原则
一是与先行词的搭配
二是与定语从句中动词的搭配
三是根据上下文表达的需要This is the school at which we study every day.
Great changes are taking place in the city in which we live.
It is the TV series about which we talked just now.
This is the teacher from whom we have learnt a lot.
A.与先行词的搭配关系
1）I will never forget the day ________ I joined the army.
2) I will never forget the days ____________ I
worked in the school.
3) I will never forget the year __________ my son
went to college.on whichduring whichin whichB. 与谓语动词的搭配习惯
1）Have you found the book ____________ I paid
29 US dollars?
2) Have you found the book _____________ I spent
29 US dollars?
3) Have you found the book _____________ we
learnt a lot?
4) Have you found the book ____________ she
often talks?
for whichon whichfrom whichabout which5、that和which用法的区别(1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something,
anything, little, much 等不定代词时。I am sure she has something _____ you can borrow.(2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, only, very, much, just等修饰时。I’ve read all the books _____ you lend me. A、只能用that不用which的情况(that)thatDo you have anything _____ you don’t understand?thatPlease send us any information _____ you have about the subject.that(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。This is the first book _____ he has read.(that)It is the most beautiful city _____ I’ve ever seen.that(4)先行词既有人又有物时。The famous writer and his works _____ the radio broadcast are popular to the students.
She took photos of people and things (that) she was
interested in.that(5) 先行词是疑问词who, which, what或主句是以who或which开头的句子时。 Who is the girl _____ drove the car? Who _____ broke the window will be punished.thatthatWhich of us that knows something about physics does not know this?
What that is on the table belongs to me?
(6) 当关系代词在从句中作表语时(7)当主句是以here, there开头的句子时Here is the hotel that you have been looking for.
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Jim.Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be.
China is no longer the country that it used to be.
Your disease is not the case that it used to be.(1) 关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语（介词提前）。
There are many trees __________ they can have a rest.
This is the ring __________ she spent 1000 dollars.B、只用which不用that的情况(2) 在非限制性定语从句中。 Football, ______ is a very popular game, is played all over the world.
under whichon whichwhichC、只用who的情况One ____ has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth.
The ones ____ laugh at the disabled are not good students.
Anyone ____ fails to finish the task should be punished.
Those ____ want to go to The Great Wall sign up here.
whowhowhowho先行词是one, ones, anyone, those时用who.关系副词引导的定语从句一、when引导定语从句时，先行词是表示时间的名词，when在从句中作时间状语。 when=介词+which
I’ll never forget the time when/during which we worked on the farm.
The day when/on which we’ll meet again will come.
注意：时间名词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，仍用that或which引导定语从句。
I still remember the day that/which is his birthday.注意：time 作先行词时，若time表示“次数”，前面有序数词或last修饰，应用that引导定语从句，且that可以省略。
若time表示“一段时间”，应用when或at/during +which引导定语从句。
This is the second time (that) the president has visited the country.
The last time (that) I saw him was in 2001.
This is at a time when/during which there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets.
There was a time when this kind of music was popular.二、 where引导定语从句时，先行词是表示地点的名词， where在从句中作地点状语。 where =介词+which
This is the school where/in which we study every year.
Shanghai is the city where/in which Yao Ming was born.
注意：地点名词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，仍用that或which引导定语从句。
This is the school that/which we visited yesterday.注意：表示抽象的地点名词（case, stage, scene, situation, position, condition, point等 ）作先行词，且在定语从句中作地点状语时用where引导。He?got?into?a?situation?where?it?is?hard?to?decide?what?
is?right?and?wrong.?
他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局
面。You?reach?a?point?where?medicine?can’t?help.?
你已到 了药物无法治疗的地步。
We?have?reached?a?point?where?a?change?is?needed.?
我们到了必须改一改的地步。
He?got?into?a?situation?where?it?is?hard?to?decide
what?is?right?and?wrong.?
他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局 面。
It’s put me in a position where I can’t afford to take the job.
这使我陷入一种不能接受此工作的境地。
三、why引导定语从句时，先行词是the reason， why在从句中作原因状语。
why = for + which
I don’t know the reason why/for which he didn’t come.
注意： the reason在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，仍用that或which引导定语从句。
He gave us the reason that/which could explain the problem.
on the top of the hillstalk to the studentlook after the baby先行词在从句中作宾语时,引导词可省略Please fill in the blanks, using the pronouns above.This is the baby________________ I shall look after tomorrow.
The student to __________ you talked just now is a good football player.
My family climbed up the hills on the top of ________ we had a picnic before.
He still lives in the room ________ window faces to the east.
(who/whom/that ) whomwhichwhosethe room’s window5. He still lives in the room ___________ is in the north of the city.
6. He still lives in the room __________ there is a beautiful table.
7. I’ll never forget the days_________________ we studied together.
8. I’ll never forget the days ___________ we spent together.
9. Do you know the reason _____________ he did not come?
10．The boy _______ mother is dead was brought up by his father.we spent the dayswe studied together during the daysthere is a beautiful table in the roomwhich/ that(that /which)why/for whichwhere/in whichwhen/ during whichwhosethe room is in the north…11. I’ve read all the books ____ you gave me.
12. There is no difficulty ____ can’t be overcome in the world.
13.This is the first thing _______ I want to say.
14. He keeps a record of everything ____ he had seen there.
15. The TV play I watched last night is the best one _____ I have watched this year.(that)that(that)(that)(that)Now finish exercises 11--20
16.Tell us about the people and the places ____ are different from ours.
17. This is the very thing _______ I am after.
18. Any person _______ has the money can join the group.
19. Who is the person _____ is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower?
20. Which is the star _______ is nearest to the earth.

that(that)that/whothatthatExercises: 1. All ______ is useful to us is good.
A.which B.what C.that D.whether
2. She will never forget the days ______ she spent in Beijing.
A.when B.what C.which D.why
3. The man ______ you are talking is in the next room.
A. to whom B. about whom
C. about who D. whom
4. This is the school _______ my father worked thirty years ago.
A.that B.when C.which D.where
5. The text is one of the most interesting stories ______ learned in the past three years.
A.that have B.that have been
C.which has D.which has been
6. The college won’t take on anyone ______ eyesight is weak.
A.who B.whose C.of whom D.which7. Here is the bicycle ______ in the shop.
A.that you saw it B.that saw it
C.you saw D.you saw it
8. Those ______ to take part in the game write down your names, please.
A.who B.who want
C.that wants D want
9. I, _____ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.
A.who is B.what is
C.what am D.who am10. His walking-stick, ______ he can’t walk, was lost yesterday.
A.that B.with which
C.which D.without which
11. There are three libraries in our school, _____ were built five years ago.
A.all of them B.either of them
C.all of which D.both of that
12. The reason _______ he can’t come is that he has to work late.
A.because B.that C.why D.for13. The family _____ I stayed with in New York are coming to Beijing.
A.which B.whom C.what D.whose
14. This is the only thing _____ I can do now.
A.what B.which C.that D.all
15. I don’t like the way _____ he spoke to me.
A.by that B.what C.by which D./
Correct the sentences:1. I’m using the pen which he bought it yesterday.
2. Is that factory which your father once worked in?
3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada.
4. July 1,1999 is the day when we’ll never forget.
(去掉)the one^__^to____which5. The students and things which you spoke of are known to us.____that5.Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from.
6. The student who’s book I had borrowed didn’t come to school today.
7. Who is the worker who took some pictures of the factory.
8. It is the one of the best films which have been shown recently.
9.The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou
10.Which is known to all, many satellite are going around in the sky.
____as_____Whosethat____that________that_____Asas 引导的非限制性定语从句The earth is round._____ is known to all.
The earth is round,_____ is known to all.
_____ is known to all, the earth is round
______ is known to all that the earth is round.Itwhich
/ as AsItas 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：
as you know/ as you see/as we planned/
as we expected定语从句在句首时只能用as,3.用于the same…as…,such…as…，as…as…, so…as…中，一般用as。
e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting.
This is the same book as I lent you yesterday.4.as代表前面主句意思时，有“正如…”之意，而which没有此意思，从句中的动词常是expect, know, see, think, want, suppose等。 He won the match, as we had expected.
He agreed to the plan, as was to be expected.
The police were looking for him, as he thought.考点三：as与which引导的定语从句Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.as 引导的非限制性定语从句 (1)This is the same pen as I lost.
This is the same pen that I lost.Please compare:这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书就是我丢的那本。例题：Oh ,the bag! Thank you very much,Sir.
This is the same bag_______ I lost the
other day.
A. as B. which C.like D.thatDMake a report about the typhoon:
(using attributive clauses)
There was a typhoon ______ attacked Huzhou on Oct. 7th this year. It was a strong typhoon ___________ stayed in Zhejiang for a long time. It brought strong wind and heavy rain, ______ caused a lot of damage. More than 5 million people went through the typhoon, among ______ many people were trapped or injured. Many buildings fell down. It caused flood and mud-rock flow in many places, _____ resulted in a loss of more than 4.5 billion money. Teams were organized to rescue those ______ were trapped and help was given to those ______ suffered from the typhoon. Luckily, it was reported that no one was killed.thatthat / whichwhichwhomwhichwhowho 带定语从句的谚语：
1. God helps those who help themselves.
自助者天助之。
2. He who laughs last laughs best.
谁笑到最后，谁笑的最好。
3. He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
不到长城非好汉。_____is the reason _____his Chinese is so good
_____can explain his good
Englishwhichwhythat which as 常见考点He lost the game , ____we had expected.
_____we had not expected.
______made us surprised 2. ____is known to all ,the sun rises in the east.
____is known to all that the sun rises in the
east.aswhichAs It ____his good Englishforwhichwhich that 常见考点不用that的情况：非限定性定语从句 ，介词后 只用that 的情况1.I’ll never forget the persons and things ____I
met in the schoolthat 2.Who _____has common sense will believe him？
Which of the books _____are on the table are yours?thatthat3.All ____should be done has be done4.It is the very book ____I’m after.thatthat5.He is the first man ____helped me.
It is the best film _____I have ever seen
6. He is not the man____ he used to be.
______he used to be.7.There is a man _____likes making troublesthatthatthatthatwhatwhose 相关考点I lived in the house and it’s windows face south
the windows of the house…I lived in the house, ____ windows face south
the windows of _____…
of ______the windowswhosewhichwhich介词的选用This is the book _________I’m looking forthat/whichThe Tv set ____which I spent all my spare many is made in SH.on He has two sons, both of _____ are doctors
and both of _____are doctorswhom them They won 12 medals, of _____8 were won
by women
and of _____8 were …whichthemThe boos ,in ____department I worked is goodTom ,of _____house Jim came out, is from U.S.The headmaster, in _____school Mr. Brown teaches is a man _____works very hard whosewhosewhowhoseDon’t smoke in bed .In ____case ,you will start a fire.
,in _____case you will start a firethatwhichHe worked till 8:00 and by ____ time all the
others had left for their homesHe worked till 8:00 , by _____ time all the others had left for their homes
thatwhichPrep + whose + n …的
which 定语从句和强调句 It is 3 o’clock _____we arrived at the village
at 3 o’clock_____ we arrived …when that It was in the school ______I studied 3 years ago _____I met Tom yesterdaywherethat ---Where did you meet Tom?
---It was in the hotel ______he stayed .where It is the attitude of your doing things _____
matter much not your way sometimes. that It was in the small house _____was built with stones by his father _____he spent his childhood.whichthat--- ___you got to know my telephone number?
--- Through a friend of yours.A: How was itB: What was it
C: How was it thatD: What was it thatIs there a shop around _____I can get a hat?A: whichB: whereC: that D: whatCould it be in the restaurant ____you had dinner with me yesterday ____you left your keys?wherethatThis is the way( in which/ that ) I worked out
the problemWay 的定语I’m sorry to say that the way ___you did it
was not the way ____the teacher told you .A: which ;that B: 不填；不填
C：that in which D:不填；in whichBthe way to do / of doingThe way he thought of of solving/to solve
the problem is good定语从句与名词性从句及状语从句1.Thank you for ____you have done for me.
all ____you …whatthat2.The news ____he will be back from abroad
made us happy.3.The news ____he told us made us happy.thatthat4.Put the book _____ it was just now.
to the place _____it was just now.wherewhere1.Is this school ________you visited yesterday?
____you visited yesterday beautiful?2.Is this school _____you visited some friends…?whatthe one thatwhere3.Is this the school ____you visited yesterday?that4.Is this hotel _____offered you a job_____
you stayed the first time you arrived here?A: which, where B: the one ,in whichC: where, thatD: the one that , where5.They are teachers and don’t realise ____to
start and run a company.A: what it takes B: what takes it
C: what they take D :what takes themThe great trouble he ____show us to run the
machine _____him very tired.A: took ;to B: takes ;to
C: took;made D: take ;make AA定语从句中的谓语1.He is one of the Ss who ___good at sports.
the only one of the Ss who ___good…areis2.Books of this kind which ____published last
year ____well.This kind of books which ____published last
year ____well . weresellwassells动词并现Tell the way you thought of ______the problem
(solve)of solveYou can’t imagine the difficulty she had _____
up her children. (bring) bringing The day we were looking forward to _____ at
Last. (come)cameThe man he referred to ______to be honest.
(prove)proved总结：
在关系代词中，who，that前面不加任何介词。
2. 关系代词在定语从句中如果做宾语可以省略。
3. whose+n. =the+n.+of whom / ofwhich
=of whom / of which +the +n.
4. 关系代词whom和which可以做介词的宾语。