2023届河南省部分地区高三二模英语解析版试卷分类汇编
语法填空
2023届河南省郑州市高中毕业年级第二次质量预测英语试题
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
From writing poetry to making music, ChatGPT ____41____( amaze) the world since its launch in late 2022 by the US-based company Open Al. It even passed several law exams in four courses at the University of Minnesota, US, according to CNN.
The Al program can answer questions on a large number of topics, and write essays, stories and any other written texts you can think of. It does this by drawing on information ____42____(collect) from a large corpus (语料库)of text data.
What makes ChatGPT so impressive As Sam Altman, the CEO of OpenAI said in an interview, “It’s not actually ____43____(fundamental) new technology that made ChatGPT have a moment.”
According to MIT Technology Review, ChatGPT is based on a large language model. Because texts are more complex ____44____the meaning of every word combined, language models require a type of neural (神经的)network that can make sense of texts. One breakthrough behind today’s models_____45_____(be) a network called Transformer, invented by Google researchers. The neural network can infer ____46____the word means by tracking where it appears in a sentence. Transformer can therefore collect the meaning of texts more accurately.
The GPT models built by OpenAI combined Transformer with unsupervised learning, ____47____(mean) that the models can learn by themselves without being told what to look at. ChatGPT can now generate human-like responses instantly due ____48____the large scale of texts it learned from.
“One of the biggest ____49____( problem) with ChatGPT is that it comes back, very confidently, with false contents,” Michael Wooldridge at the Alan Turing Institute in London, UK, told The Guardian. This means ChatGPT doesn’t know the truth about the world - it learns information from _____50_____(variety) resources but it cannot decide what is true or false.
2023届河南省平顶山市安阳市高三二模英语试题
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With the continuous changes of road signs and the presence of fire prevention warnings, Saihanba, known as the “miracle on earth”, begins to come___41___view. However, Saihanba was a wasteland 59 years ago, which nowadays___42___(visitor) to Saihanba can hardly imagine. Watchmen Liu Jun and Wang Juan are observing the forest area on a watchtower in Saihanba Forest Farm in Hebei Province. Simple___43___it looks, the job is quite a burden(负担)on their shoulders. Since the establishment of the forest farm, over 20 couples___44___(guard)the watchtower, and there has been no fire reported in the farm.
Today, Saihanba is not only___45___“green Great Wall” for windbreak and sand fixation(固定), but also a wood source for factories. Whythe trees here are to be cut down in a planned way is ___46___people would doubt. A staff member explains the cutting of plantation forests is more like ___47___(thin) when farmers plant crops. Although doing this is profitable,the people of Saihanba do not value immediate benefits. Saihanba’s success has allowed this “miracle on earth”___48___ (copy)across the country. The construction of the “three more Saihanba” project___49___(launch)in 1999 has already seen green barriers built in Chengde Yudaokou, Qiansongba, and Zhangjiakou Saibei,____50____(effective)preventing sand and dust from going south.
2023届河南省开封市高三二模英语试题
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China’s Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST) has detected a repeating fast radio burst (FRB) — strange radio ____41____ (signal) from outer space — for the first time. Scientists on the FAST project with the National Astronomical Observatories of China broke the news ____42____ Wednesday.
The FRB originated some three billion light years away from Earth. FRB is one of the ____43____ (hot) ever topics in astronomy. It was not until 2007 ____44____ the first FRB was discovered by humans. Fewer than 100 FRBs have been detected internationally to date. There is still no convincing ____45____ (explain) for the origin of FRB in the international scientific community at present.
FRBs mostly only appear once, which makes them very hard ____46____ (track). The FRB detected by FAST’s real-time detection terminal, however, is one that has been observed before. ____47____ (know) as FRB121102, it was first discovered in 2012 and found to repeat in 2015. Analysis of data later ____48____ (indicate) that the signal came from a dwarf galaxy (矮星系) three billion light years away. The first pulse from FRB121102 ____49____ (spot) by FAST on August 30. After this, ____50____ telescope recorded dozens of pulses from the FRB over the course of days. On September 3 alone, more than 20 pulses were detected.
2023届河南省焦作市高三第二次模拟考试英语试题
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Great Wall
As a symbol of ancient Chinese civilization, the Great Wall is one of the world’s oldest and most magnificent (壮丽的) man-made scenes, ___41___ has a long history. Given its out-standing architectural achievement and remarkable historical influence, the Great Wall ___42___ (list) as a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage site in 1987, the first of ___43___ (it) kind in China.
The Great Wall was ___44___ (original) built over 2,000 years ago during the West Zhou Dynasty, and served ___45___ a functional military defence. It had been playing a crucial role in wars in ancient Chinese history. Therefore, it was continually to be extended in the next 2,000 years, till the end of Ming Dynasty. As a result, the Great Wall was expanded to many places in China and formed a beautiful shape.
Because its ___46___ (long) is 21,196. 18 km, it is widely named “Wanli Changcheng”. There are Northern Great Wall and Southern Great Wall, according to the locations.
The Great Wall is a place steeped in history and has much ___47___ (offer) you. For those who are fascinated (入迷的) by it and ___48___ (greed) for the knowledge of it, you will find massive information about it, the historical development, the background stories and its facts and figures. Whether you are a history-loving traveler ___49___ a lover of natural landscape, you will never get tired of the Great Wall, one of the seven ____50____ (wonder) in the world.
2023届河南省平许济洛四市高三第二次质量检测英语试题
七、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The FIFA World Cup 2022 opened in Qatar on Sunday, with Chinese-made ____61____ (product) from stadiums to water supply systems and clean energy technologies shining, ____62____ (impress) the world with Chinese elements. That’s how China has participated in this World Cup and ____63____ (early) tournaments before, and may do so in the upcoming ones too: by providing facilities and services to the athletes and audiences.
____64____ makes the Qatar World Cup unique is the kind of technology China is providing. For example, Lusail Stadium, the main venue for this year’s World Cup, ____65____ (construct) jointly by Qatar and the China Railway Construction Corporation last year. The stadium ____66____ (shape) like a date palm bowl and an enamel lantern is the first movable “green stadium”. Besides, China has built an 800 MW photovoltaic station, constantly turning the abundant sunshine ____67____ electricity for the stadium in the Middle East, which ____68____ (show) the progress that China has made over the past decade.
Another reason that has made ____69____ possible for Chinese firms to perform well in the World Cup is that China has shown good economic _____70_____ (grow) amid a global recession. While the whole world suffers from economic slowdown because of COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese companies have continued to function normally.
参考答案
2023届河南省郑州市高中毕业年级第二次质量预测英语试题
41.has amazed 42.collected 43.fundamentally 44.than 45.is 46.what 47.meaning 48.to 49.problems 50.various##varied
【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了美国Open Al公司推出ChatGPT,令人震惊。这种智能机器人已经通过了四门法律课程。
41.考查时态语态。句意:从写诗到做音乐,自2022年底美国Open Al公司推出ChatGPT以来,它已经震惊了世界。分析句子可知,空处是谓语动词,由时间“since its launch in late 2022”可知,主句用现在完成时,主语GhatGPT是第三人称单数,谓语动词用单数,故填has amazed。
42.考查非谓语动词。句意:它通过利用从大量文本数据中收集的信息来做到这一点。分析句子可知,collect作定语,修饰information,二者之间是被动关系,用过去分词作定语,故填collected。
43.考查副词。句意:正如OpenAI的首席执行官Sam Altman在一次采访中所说的那样,“实际上,ChatGPT的兴起基本上并不是一项新技术。”修饰动词is用副词作状语,故填fundamentally。
44.考查比较级。句意:由于文本比每个单词的意义组合起来更复杂,语言模型需要一种能够理解文本的神经网络。由more complex可知,前后文表示比较,故填than。
45.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:今天的模型背后的一个突破是一个名为Transformer的网络,由谷歌的研究人员发明。文章主时态是一般现在时,主语One breakthrough 是第三人称单数,谓语动词用单数,故填is。
46.考查宾语从句。句意:神经网络可以通过追踪单词在句子中的出现位置来推断单词的意思。分析句子可知,空处引导宾语从句,从句缺少means的宾语,指物,用连接代词what引导从句,故填what。
47.考查非谓语动词。句意:OpenAI构建的GPT模型将Transformer与无监督学习结合在一起,意味着模型可以自己学习,而不需要被告知要看什么。分析句子可知,mean用非谓语动词形式作状语,mean与逻辑主语The GPT models是主动关系,用现在分词作状语。故填meaning。
48.考查固定短语。句意:由于从大量文本中学习,ChatGPT现在可以立即生成类似人类的响应。due to“由于”是固定短语,故填to。
49.考查名词。句意:英国伦敦艾伦·图灵研究所的迈克尔·伍尔德里奇在接受《卫报》采访时表示:“ChatGPT最大的问题之一是,它会非常自信地返回虚假内容。”one of the+最高级+名词复数,是固定短语,故填problems。
50.考查形容词。句意:这意味着ChatGPT不知道世界的真相——它从各种资源中学习信息,但不能判断真假。修饰名词用形容词作定语,故填various/varied。
2023届河南省平顶山市安阳市高三二模英语试题
41.into 42.visitors 43.as##though 44.have guarded 45.a 46.what 47.thinning 48.to be copied 49.launched 50.effectively
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍被誉为“人间奇迹”的塞罕坝开始进入人们的视野,并在全国范围内被复制。
41.考查介词。句意:随着路标的不断变化和防火警示的出现,被誉为“人间奇迹”的塞罕坝开始进入人们的视野。come into view“进入视野,看见”是固定搭配。故填into。
42.考查名词的数。句意:然而,59年前的塞罕坝还是一片荒地,这是现在来塞罕坝的游客难以想象的。此处名词visitor为可数名词,在作主语且其前无限定词,泛指,所以用复数形式。故填 visitors。
43.考查连词。句意:虽然看起来很简单,但这项工作在他们肩上是一个相当大的负担。此处表示“虽然,尽管”, 使用“形容词+as/though+主语+谓语”结构,引导让步状语从句。故填as/though。
44.考查动词的时态和语态。句意:林场成立以来,共有20多对夫妻守着烽火台,至今未发生火灾。since为完成时的标志,此处应该使用现在完成时态。主语over 20 couples为复数,谓语动词用have。故填have guarded。
45.考查冠词。句意:今天,塞罕坝不仅是防风固沙的“绿色长城”,也是工厂的木材来源。此处表示塞罕坝是一座“绿色长城”,泛指,green首字母的发音为辅音音素,用不定冠词a。故填a。
46.考查名词性从句。句意:为什么这里的树木要有计划地砍伐,这是人们会怀疑的。空处引导表语从句且在从句中作动词doubt的宾语,指物,所以用连接代词what引导。故填what。
47.考查非谓语动词。句意:一名工作人员解释说,砍伐人工林更像是农民种植作物时的间伐。thin “变薄,变瘦,变稀疏”,空处作介词like的宾语,因此要使用动名词thinning。故填thinning。
48.考查非谓语动词。句意:塞罕坝的成功让这个“人间奇迹”在全国范围内被复制。allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事。宾语this “miracle on earth”与copy之间为被动关系,所以用不定式的被动式。故填to be copied。
49.考查非谓语动词。句意:1999年启动的“再造三个塞罕坝”工程,已在承德玉道口、千松坝、张家口塞北等地建成绿色屏障,有效地防止了沙尘南下。句中已有谓语动词,所以用非谓语动词形式。project和launch(发起)之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用过去分词作定语。故填launched。
50.考查副词。句意:1999年启动的“再造三个塞罕坝”工程,已在承德玉道口、千松坝、张家口塞北等地建成绿色屏障,有效地防止了沙尘南下。修饰动词,用副词形式。 故填effectively。
2023届河南省开封市高三二模英语试题
41.signals
42.on 43.hottest 44.that 45.explanation 46.to track 47.Known 48.indicated 49.was spotted 50.the
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。讲述了中国的500米口径球面射电望远镜首次从外太空探测到一个重复的快速射电脉冲。
【详解】1. 考查名词复数。句意:中国的500米口径球面射电望远镜首次从外太空探测到一个重复的快速射电脉冲——奇怪的射电信号。根据设空前strange radio可知,此处应用名词,结合句中 a repeating fast radio burst 可知,这个快速的射电波不断重复,所以此处要用复数,故填signals。
2. 考查介词。句意:在星期三,参与“快速计划”的科学家们向中国科学院国家天文台透露了这一消息。星期前要用介词on,故填on。
3.考查最高级。句意:快速射电脉冲是天文学史上最热门的话题之一。one of +the + 形容词最高级+复数名词,表示“最……之一”,为固定搭配,故填hottest。
4.考查not until的强调句型。句意:直到2007年,人类才发现了第一个快速射电脉冲。not until的强调句型为:It is/was not until...+ that + 其它,本句使用了not until的强调句型,结合句式要求,设空处用that引出句子其它部分,故填that。
5.考查名词。句意:目前国际科学界对快速射电脉冲的起源还没有令人信服的解释。convincing“令人信服的”为形容词,形容词修饰名词,所以空格处用名词explanation。故填explanation。
6.考查非谓语动词。句意:这些快速射电脉冲大多只出现一次,所以很难追踪。句式:make+宾语+ 形容词+ to do,不定式此处用作补语,结合空白前 makes them very hard可知,所以填to track。故填to track。
7.考查非谓语动词。句意:被称为快速射电脉冲121102,它在2012年首次被发现,并在2015年被重复发现。分析句子可知,逗号前的内容在句中作状语,短语:be known as “作为……而闻名”,句子主语it与动词know为动宾关系,所以此处用过去分词known,因处于句首,所以首字母要大写。故填Known。
8.考查时态。句意:后来的数据分析表明,该信号来自30亿光年之外的一个矮星系。结合前文“it was first discovered in 2012 and found to repeat in 2015. Analysis of data later”可知,此处论述的动作发生在过去,所以时态用一般过去时,空白处在句中作谓语,故填indicated。
9.考查时态和语态。句意:快速射电脉冲121102的第一个脉冲被射电望远镜在8月30日发现。根据时间状语on August 30,所以此处的时态为一般过去时;主语The first pulse为单数,和动词spot为动宾关系,所以此处填was spotted。故填was spotted。
10.考查冠词。句意:在这之后,望远镜记录了几十次,从快速射电脉冲121102 发出的脉冲,持续了几天。根据上文可知,此处的射电望远镜指前文的FAST,所以表特指,用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
2023届河南省焦作市高三第二次模拟考试英语试题
41.which 42.was listed 43.its 44.originally 45.as 46.length 47.to offer 48.greedy 49.or 50.wonders
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍中国的长城。
41.考查定语从句。句意:作为中国古代文明的象征,长城是世界上最古老、最壮丽的人造景观之一,有着悠久的历史。分析句子结构和意思可知, 1 has a long history是非限制性定语从句,先行词是the Great Wall,指物,在从句中作主语,用which引导。故填which。
42.考查谓语动词。句意:鉴于其卓越的建筑成就和显著的历史影响,长城于1987年被列为联合国教科文组织世界文化遗产,是中国第一个被列为世界文化遗产的长城。分析句子结构和意思可知,句中有时间状语in1987,此处应该用一般过去时,the Great Wall和动词list构成了逻辑上的动宾关系,所以本空要用一般过去时的被动语态,be动词用was。故填was listed。
43.考查代词。句意:见第2题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里需要用形容词性物主代词,修饰后面的名词kind,the first of its kind in China意为“中国的第一个此类项目”。故填its。
44.考查副词。句意:长城始建于2000多年前的西周时期,是一座功能强大的军事防御工事。分析句子结构和意思可知,本空要用副词originally来修饰谓语动词was built。故填originally。
45.考查动词短语。句意:见第4题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里考查动词短语serve as,意为“用作,充当”。故填as。
46.考查名词。句意:因为它的长度是21196.18公里,因此,它被广泛命名为“万里长城”。分析句子结构和意思可知,本空应该填long的名词形式,作主语。故填length。
47.考查非谓语动词。句意:长城是一个历史悠久的地方,有很多东西可以提供给你。分析句子结构和意思可知,have sth. to do是常见用法,意为“为某事要被做”,这里动词不定式用主动形式表达变动的意思。故填to offer。
48.考查形容词。句意:对于那些对它着迷并渴望了解它的人来说,你会发现关于它、历史发展、背景故事以及它的事实和数字的大量信息。分析句子结构和意思可知,本空需要填形容词greedy,和前面的are构成系表结构。故填greedy。
49.考查连词。句意:无论你是热爱历史的旅行者还是自然景观的爱好者,你都不会厌倦世界七大奇迹之一的长城。分析句子结构和意思可知,whether…or…是常见结构,意为“不管……还是……”。故填or。
50.考查名词的数。句意:见第9题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知,one of the+复数名词是常见用法,意为“……之一”。故填wonders。
2023届河南省平许济洛四市高三第二次质量检测英语试题
61.products 62.impressing 63.earlier 64.What 65.was constructed 66.shaped 67.into 68.shows 69.it 70.growth
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了2022年卡塔尔世界杯中,中国公司介入场馆设施建设、高科技介入等,在全球受疫情影响导致经济增速放缓的背景下,依然保持正常运转。
61.考查名词。句意:2022年卡塔尔世界杯20日在海湾球场拉开帷幕。从比赛球场,到供水网络,再到清洁能源科技,“中国制造”闪亮登场,惊艳了全世界。根据空白处前面的形容词短语“Chinese-made(中国制造的)”以及后面的介词短语“from stadiums to water supply systems and clean energy technologies(从比赛球场,到供水网络,再到清洁能源科技)”可知,空白处应填名词复数,故填products。
62.考查非谓语动词。句意:同上。分析句子结构,空白处在句子中不做谓语,应使用非谓语动词形式,与其逻辑主语之间为主动关系,应使用现在分词形式,故填impressing。
63.考查形容词比较级。句意:中国以这种方式参与了本届世界杯以及之前的锦标赛,并且在即将到来的赛事中继续如此:为运动员和观众提供设施和服务。根据下文“tournaments before(之前的锦标赛)”可知,此处在把现在的世界杯和之前的锦标赛进行时间上的比较,应使用形容词的比较级,故填earlier。
64.考查名词性从句。句意:使得卡塔尔世界杯与众不同的是中国提供的高科技技术。分析句子结构,本句为复合句,从句为主语从句,因空白处在主语从句中做主语,再根据句意,从句表示的是内容,应使用what引导,故填What。
65.考查动词语态。句意:本届世界杯的主场馆,卢赛尔体育场,由卡塔尔和中国铁建于去年联合建造。分析句子结构,空白处在句子中作谓语,因主语Lusail Stadium与谓语动词construct之间为被动关系,应使用被动语态,根据时间状语last year可知,be动词应使用一般过去时单数形式,故填was constructed。
66.考查非谓语动词。句意:外形像椰枣碗和搪瓷灯笼的场馆是第一个可移动的绿色体育场。分析句子结构,空白处在句子中不作谓语,需使用非谓语动词形式。因动词shape与逻辑主语The stadium之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,应使用过去分词形式,故填shaped。
67.考查介词。句意:另外,中国建造了800MW光伏电站,持续将充足的阳光转变为电能供中东地区的体育馆使用,这展示出了中国在过去的十年里取得的进步。分析句子结构,turn…into为固定结构,意为“将……转变为……”,故填into。
68.考查动词时态。句意:同上。分析句子结构,本句为复合句,从句为定语从句,空白处在定语从句中作谓语,因定语从句表达的是一个客观事实,谓语动词应使用一般现在时,which指代前文描述的事情,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式,故填shows。
69.考查it作形式宾语。句意:使中国公司能够在世界杯上有上佳表现的另一个原因,是中国在全球经济衰退中展示出了良好的经济增长。分析句子结构,空白处在句子中作宾语,但是真正的宾语是后面的“for Chinese firms to perform well in the World Cup(中国公司能够在世界杯上有上佳表现)”,因此空白处做形式宾语,故填it。
70.考查名词。句意:同上。分析句子结构,本句为表语从句,从属于主句,空白处在表语从句中作宾语,应使用名词形式,故填growth。