2023届河南省部分地区高三二模英语试卷汇编：阅读理解（含答案）

2023届河南省部分地区高三二模英语解析版试卷分类汇编
阅读理解
2023届河南省郑州市高中毕业年级第二次质量预测英语试题
一、阅读理解
High school programs at the National Gallery of Art value depth over breadth, exploring original works of art through a single specific question or theme.
Studio Workshops
Single museum visit, 2.5 hours Grades 9-12
These half-day art workshops include an in-depth examination and discussion of works of art in the galleries, followed by behind-the-scenes access to the Education Studio, where students create a related art project.
National Gallery of Art educators will encourage students to look carefully at works of art and then share their responses and come up with theories based on their observations.
Students will have the chance to create a work of art in the studio inspired by what they have seen in the galleries.
Museum Makers Exploring Art and Museums
Grades 11-12
The Museum Makers program explains how museums operate and what they have to offer. It gives upper-level high school students the tools to experience, understand and interpret art. Participants will gain an insider’s view of how an art museum works. Students meet for seven Saturday sessions from 10:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.
Completion of the program requires attendance of all seven sessions.
Creative Writing
Grades 7-12, 90 minutes
Students will provide a voice for their personal responses to art through creative writing while they are looking at a selection of artworks in the galleries. Using close observation, group discussion and personal reflection, they will be guided through exercises that use different writing forms, including free-form poetry.
A maximum of 30 students (minimum of 15) will be accepted at each session.
1．What can students do at Studio Workshops
A．Get basic training as an artist. B．Put forward their own art theories.
C．Discuss with artists about their works. D．Learn about artists, inspiration for their works.
2．What can students get from Museum Makers
A．Methods of how artworks are created.
B．Experience in running an art museum.
C．Knowledge about how an art museum works.
D．Academic credits for completing the program.
3．Which group can attend Creative Writing at a session
A．15 college students. B．10 Grade 9 students.
C．25 Grade 10 students. D．40 high school students.
I never imagined that someone telling me I looked skinny would anger me. And yet, I was made very angry when a colleague pinched my waist and screamed, “Rosa, you’ve lost weight. You look great.” In The truth is that I was tired and not taking care of myself. I decided to start a proper weight-loss program.
The first to go would be road rage. I am in far less control of this weight than any other. Every time something gets in my path, I fly off the handle. I need to lose the road rage, and fast! No, no more speed. Instead, I now repeat the words: “I am not in a hurry.” This year, I will drive safely, allowing “stupid” to happen all around me. From that, I hope to gain patience.
Next is guilt. When guilt drives my conscience to do better, it’s functional. But when it presents itself as an internal dialogue that goes nowhere, it’s useless. This year, I want to stop feeling guilty for not keeping a cleaner house, for spending time away from my children to be with friends, for not attending every party because I’d rather be at home, or for watching TV when I should be reading. My image and performance are not at the front of anyone else’s mind but my own. From this, I hope to gain freedom to be myself.
The last is fear. Fear has held me back. Fear of failure has prevented me from being a writer. Fear of embarrassment has prevented me from giving an opinion. Fear of rejection has stopped me from aiming higher in my life. Fear of regret has led me into situations that made me uncomfortable. If I can lose any one of these fears, I stand to gain experience.
So, if I can lose the rage, shake off some guilt, and take fear off my plate, I stand to gain patience, freedom, and experience. Pound for pound I have not lost a thing but I will be much lighter. Next time, I hope my colleague looks me in the eye to see my glow instead of pinching part of me that has nothing to do with how great I really look.
4．What does the underlined part “fly off the handle” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Pick up speed. B．Drive off.
C．Feel quite nervous. D．Become very angry.
5．What has made the author feel guilty before
A．Attending too many parties. B．Reading much with her children.
C．Wasting her time in watching TV. D．Spending little time with her friends.
6．How has fear affected the author
A．It has prevented her achieving her goals.
B．It has stopped her furthering her education.
C．It has made it difficult for her to make friends.
D．It has caused her to quit her dream of being a teacher.
7．What does the author expect to gain from her weight-loss program
A．Respect. B．Independence. C．Optimism. D．Tolerance.
Six months before she died, my grandmother moved into an old people’s home and I visited her there. The room was clean and warm, and the care assistants were kind and cheerful. A general knowledge quiz show was on the television, and the only other sound was snoring. People moved only when they needed to be helped to the bathroom. It was disappointing. Grandmother talked a lot about how much she missed seeing her grandchildren, but I knew from my sister that they hated going to visit her there.
So I was interested to read a newspaper article about a new concept in old people’s homes in France. The idea is simple, but revolutionary — combining a residential home for the elderly with a nursery school in the same building. The children and the residents eat lunch together and share activities. In the afternoons, the residents enjoy reading or telling stories to the children, and if a child is feeling sad or tired, there is always a kind lap to sit on.
The advantages are huge for everyone concerned. The children are happy, because they get a lot more individual attention. The residents are happy because they feel useful and needed. And the staff are happy because they see an improvement in the physical and psychological health of the residents and have an army of assistants to help with the children.
Nowadays there is less and less contact between the old and the young in an increasing number of countries. There are many reasons for this, including the breakdown of the extended family, working parents with no time to care for ageing relations, families that have moved away, and smaller flats with no room for grandparents. But the result is the same-increasing numbers of children without grandparents and old people who have no contact with children, and more old people who are lonely and feel useless, along with more and more families with young children who desperately need more support. Ifs a major problem in many societies.
That’s why intergenerational programs, designed to bring the old and the young together, are growing in popularity all over the world.
8．What does the underlined word “residents” in paragraph 2 probably refer to
A．Old people. B．School teachers. C．Assistants. D．Staff.
9．How were the old people at the home the author’s grandmother was in
A．They felt lonely and useless. B．They weren’t allowed to be visited.
C．They weren’t looked after properly. D．They lived in a dirty and uncomfortable room.
10．What does the author think is a major problem in many societies today
A．The extended family is broken down.
B．There isn’t much room for grandparents.
C．Working parents have no time to care for their children.
D．There isn’t much contact between the old and the young.
11．What will be probably talked about later in the passage
A．Advice on how to communicate with children.
B．Plans for setting up more homes for old people.
C．Examples of successful intergenerational programs.
D．Ways of teaching entertainment skills to old people.
Microplastic pollution is increasing greatly around the globe, according to a study of plastic particles (微粒)carried in the air.
People are already known to breathe, drink and eat microplastics, and research suggests that pollution levels will continue to rise rapidly. The researchers said that breathing in these particles can be harmful to lung tissue and lead to serious diseases.
Professor Natalie Mahowald, at Cornell University in the US and part of the research team, said, “ But maybe we could solve this before it becomes a huge problem, if we manage our plastics better, before they accumulate in the environment and move around everywhere.”
The research, published in the journal Proceedings of the National Acadenry of Sciences, examined airborne (空气传播的)microplastics, which have been far less studied than plastics in oceans and rivers.
The team gathered more than 300 samples of airborne microplastics from 11 sites across the western US. These were the basis for atmospheric modeling that estimated the contribution from different sources (来源),and it was the first such study to do so.
They found that roads were the main factor (因素)in the western US, linked to about 85% of the microplastics in the air. These are likely to include particles from tires and brake pads on vehicles, and plastics from litter that had been broken down.
The researchers extended their modeling work to a global level and this suggested that while roads are also likely to be the major driver of airborne plastics in Europe, South America and Australia, plastic particles blown up from fields may be a much bigger factor in Africa and Asia.
Professor Andreas Stohl of the University of Vienna’s Faculty of Earth Sciences said, “The study confirms the global-scale (全球规模的)nature of microplastic transport in the atmosphere and does a good job in highlighting highly relevant and concerning possibilities, but more measurement data is needed to get a better idea of the sources.”
12．What can be known about microplastic pollution from this text
A．The particles can do great harm to our lungs.
B．Airborne microplastics have been widely studied.
C．It has become the most pressing environmental problem.
D．There is less plastic in the air than in oceans and rivers.
13．What did the researchers find out about microplastic pollution
A．Its results differ across many continents.
B．Africa and Asia are suffering most from it.
C．Roads and fields are largely to blame for it.
D．It spreads fast from one continent to another.
14．What should the researchers do next according to Professor Andreas Stohl
A．To predict the potential damage of microplastics.
B．To understand the nature of microplastic pollution.
C．To improve the method of collecting samples of microplastics.
D．To collect more data to understand the sources of microplastics.
15．What can be the best title for this text
A．Effects of microplastics on human health
B．Microplastic pollution on the global scale
C．Possible solutions to microplastic pollution
D．Microplastic pollution rising quickly in the air
2023届河南省平顶山市安阳市高三二模英语试题
一、阅读理解
The Books of Jacob By Olga Tokarczuk.Translated by JeniferCroft.
928 pages; 20; To be published in America by River head Books in February; $35
The novel that secured its author the Nobel prize of 2018 covers a “fantastic journey across seven borders, five languages and three major religions, not counting the minor sects”. At the centre of this fiction of faith, the book presents a real-life 18th century mystic.
Great Circle By Maggie Ship stead.
608 pages; $28.95; Doubleday; 16.99
A sweeping story that alternates between the life of a persistent female pilot in the 1930s and that of a millennial film star to play her in an auto-biographic movie. “In death, each of us destroys the world,” the author observes —but her marvelous novel is a moving reflection on the will to survive.
Klara and the Sun By Kazuo Ishiguro.
Knopf; 320 pages; $28; 20
The author’s first novel since winning the Nobel prize in 2017 is an adult drama in which advanced human-like robots are bought by wealthy parents as company for their children. Alongside the futuristic guess, this is a satire (讽刺) on ambitious parenting.
Chronicles from the Land of the Happiest People on Earth By Wole Soyinka.
464 pages; $28; Bloomsbury Circus; 20
The first work of fiction by the Nobel prize winning playwright for 50 years is both a complex thriller and a criticism of Nigeria’s political class. The narrator is a doctor who finds that a trade in human body parts is being run from his hospital.
1．Who pubulished his/her first novel since winning Nobel Prize
A．Wole Soyinka. B．Kazuo Ishiguro.
C．Jennifer Croft. D．Maggie Shipstead.
2．If you want to know about Africa, which book should you turn to
A．Great Circle.
B．Klara and the Sun.
C．The Books of Jacob.
D．Chroniles from the Land of the Happiest People on Earth.
3．What can be concluded from the passage
A．Kazuo Ishiguro originally won the Nobel Prize for Klara and the Sun.
B．The Books of Jacob conveys the genuine aspects of 18th century mystic.
C．Wole Soyinka writes a doctor who won the Nobel Prize 50 years ago.
D．Maggie Ship stead adapted her book into a drama.
It is widely acknowledged that we live in a world which is increasingly dominated by science. Since elementary school, I have always showed great interest in subjects like science and math. To me, these subjects, full of fascinating discoveries and constant innovations, seem to play a more significant role in human progress than humanities. And I always automatically thought of these subjects as more solid and serious than classes like English. If there was no right answer, I thought, why bother to find it But recently I had a thought that taught me my academic interests are more flexible than I had ever thought: I took my first philosophy class.
Before I entered the classroom, I was still full of doubt. I waited outside the classroom with the other students and wondered what exactly philosophy would involve. I imagined getting into pretty long as well as boring conversations naturally intended to reflect on the meaning of life. However, what I got was something quite different.
A young man in jeans, Mr. Jones—“but you can call me Rob”—was far from the white-haired, buttoned-up old man that I had expected in my mind. Rather than pulling us into dull arguments about difficult-to-understand philosophical points, Rob engaged us on our level. To talk about free will, we looked at our own obstacles. To talk about morals, we looked at dilemmas we had faced ourselves. By the end of the class, I’d discovered that questions with no right answer can turn out to be the most appealing ones.
It struck me that if I let go of my prejudice, I can actually get a lot out of the subjects I once thought little of. The class taught me—in more ways than one—to look at things with an open mind.
4．What did the author think of the subjects like science and math
A．Appealing. B．Complex. C．Boring. D．Ambiguous.
5．What’s the author’s feeling when he met Mr. Jones for the first time
A．Desperate. B．Satisfied. C．Astonished. D．Scared.
6．Without prejudice, the author would
A．think little of some subjects he isn’t keen on
B．obtain a great deal from the subjects he has chosen
C．think the lessons like philosophy boring
D．ignore the questions with no right answer
7．What’s the best title of the passage
A．Be receptive to what we observe B．A young man in jeans I admire most
C．My first philosophy class D．Let go of our opinion
Chinese companies are ramping up(提高)production capacity in Europe, as local customers’ demand for Chinese heating products ranging from electric carpets and heat pumps(热泵)to heaters and hot-water bags has boomed. Europe faces an enormous gap in fuel supplies that makes the winter intolerably cold for many households.
European firms have been actively sourcing warming equipment from Chinese sellers in recent months to help get through the winter, as the region faces tight energy supplies after relations with Russia soured. Russia used to be Europe’s biggest supplier of natural gas.
Data provided by Chinese Customs showed that in July, the EU imported about 1.29 million electric carpets from China, up nearly 150 percent from June.
The energy crisis in Europe is boosting the heat pump market, Cheng Lin, general manager of MBT overseas business with Midea Group, said in an online video conference, along with Europe’s efforts to realize carbon neutrality.
Luo Lanxian, manager of a hot-water bag shop in Yiwu,told the Global Times on Thursday that orders from Europe were up about 20-30percent this year. “European customers used to be conservative in placing orders, but this year they’re bolder(大胆的) ,” she said.
Experts said that the rising popularity of Chinese “heating gadgets(小器具)” is another example of Chinese private economy helping overseas households get through the energy supply crunch(短缺). That is to say, without China, it’s hard for Europe to find other sources to meet the mounting market demand, as factories elsewhere can’t adjust supply chains as fast as China.
8．What does the underlined word “sourcing”mean in Paragraph 2
A．Originating. B．Obtaining. C．Providing.4 D．Selling.
9．Which word can best describe European customers in the past
A．Fearless. B．Courageous. C．Traditional. D．Adventurous.
10．What can we infer from the passage
A．Chinese private economy helped foreigners overcome the shortage of energy supply before.
B．Europeans can only find the fastest adjustment of supply chains in China.
C．Russia has been Europe’s biggest supplier of natural gas.
D．The energy crisis in Europe makes little difference to the heat pump market.
11．What does the passage mainly tell us
A．The business of the Chinese.
B．Europeans’ great demand for heating gadgets.
C．The great popularity of Chinese heating products in Europe.
D．The boom of the resource need in Europe.
To the Swedes，there are few smells more pleasant than that of surstromming(鲜鱼罐头).To most non-Swedes there are probably few smells more disgusting. In determining which scent(气味)people find pleasant and which they do not, surstromming suggests culture must play a large part.
New research,however,suggests that might not be the case.Artin Arshamian,a psychologist, began with the expectation that culture would play an important role in determining pleasant smells. They had noticed from their own previous work that people from different cultures described smells differently. They also knew from past experiments by other researchers that culture was important in determining which sorts of faces people found beautiful. Thus, they expected to see a similar phenomenon with smells.
To study how scent and culture relate, Dr. Arshamian and Dr. Majid presented nine different groups of people with ten smells. The participants varied widely. They included hunters, farmers, gardeners, and city folk. All 235 participants were asked to rank smells according to pleasantness. The team compared their results to earlier work on New Yorkers who.had been exposed to the same scent.
The researchers noted that pleasantness rankings of the smells were remarkably consistent regardless of where people came from. Overall, the chemical composition of the smells that the researchers presented explained 41% of the reactions that participants had. In contrast, cultural factors accounted for just 6% of the results. Dr. Arshamian and Dr. Majid point out that this is very different from how visual perception(感知)of faces works —in that case a person’s culture accounts for 50% of the explanation for which faces they find beautiful.
While culture did not shape perception of smells in the way that it is known to shape perception of faces, the researchers did find an “eye of the beholder” effect. Randomness, which the researchers suggest has to be coming from personal preferences learned from outside individual culture, accounted for 54% of the difference in which smells people liked. The “eye of the beholder” effect does not slip off the tongue so easily but it appears to be a real phenomenon also.
12．Why did the author mention the Swedes in the first paragraph
A．To introduce the topic. B．To show Swedes’ favourite scent.
C．To stress the part of culture. D．To illustrate people’s preference for scent.
13．Which is true according to the results of the study
A．The team didn’t refer to earlier work on New Yorkers.
B．The subjects in the study came from the same culture.
C．Where people came from didn’t impact the pleasantness rankings of the smells.
D．Cultural factors accounted for 5% on how visual perception(感知)of faces works.
14．What can we learn from the “eye of the beholder” effect
A．For Swedes, few smells are more pleasant than that of surstromming.
B．People find faces beautiful differently because of their identical cultures.
C．The “eye of the beholder” effect is a mistake different from its original meaning.
D．Personal preferences have nothing to do with people’s’ preferences for scent.
15．Where is the passage most likely from
A．A news report. B．A biology textbook.
C．A diet brochure. D．A science magazine.
2023届河南省开封市高三二模英语试题
一、阅读理解
Planned track closures
We are always working to improve our infrastructure (基础设施) and technology to make sure our customers can enjoy a safe, reliable and comfortable experience on trains and at our stations. Sometimes we need to temporarily close tracks or stations to complete upgrades or work to ensure our trains run safely and on time. Additionally, some track closures will affect Cross River Rail, which is Queensland’s largest rail infrastructure project. Most works are scheduled outside of peak times to minimise disturbance.
Here are lines affected in February.
2 to 5 Roma Street to Northgate and Ferny Grove, Doomben, Airport ,Lindum and Coopers Plains
6 to 7 Roma Street to Yeerongpilly
10 to 11 Bowen Hills to Ferny Grove, Roma Street to Moorooka and Murarrie
18 Roma Street to Ferny Grove and Northgate
19 Park Road to Kuraby
20 to 22 Roma Street to Corinda
26 to 27 Bowen Hills and Albion to Park Road and Milton
28 Roma Street to Ferny Grove and Northgate
Service arrangement:Buses will replace trains and operate as close as possible to the train timetable. During certain closures, some train services will be operating to an altered timetable.
More information:
·If you are travelling during this time, plan your journey at .au, call 13 12 30 or download the My TransLink app.
·For ticket information, please ask at your local station or call 13 16 30.
·Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms. For assistance, please call 13 16 17.
1．What can we say about Cross River Rail
A．It is closed frequently.
B．It operates to an altered timetable.
C．It is mainly used to deliver goods.
D．It is important to Queensland’s transport.
2．Which line will close on 21 February
A．Park Road to Kuraby.
B．Roma Street to Corinda.
C．Roma Street to Yeerongpilly.
D．Bowen Hills to Ferny Grove.
3．How can travellers with a mobility problem get help
A．By calling 13 16 17.
B．By visiting .au.
C．By asking at the local station.
D．By checking the My TransLink app.
Rural Patagonia is famous for its wonderful nature. A Google search for “bicycle tour Patagonia” led my friend Rachel and me to the Carretera Austral: a 770-mile stretch of mostly unpaved highway. We packed our bikes into hoxes and flew to Puerto Montt, a port city some 650 miles south of Santiago. From there, we continued south for several days and set foot on the Carretera.
It took about two weeks to cycle the route through wild forests, windswept plains, and snow-capped mountains. On our last full day along the Carretera-and three days into a constant rainstorm-we found ourselves at a loss for where to sleep. We were cold and wet.
We were still 30 miles from Villa O’Higgins, which marked the end of the Carretera and the promise of a hot shower. From there, we’d ride about 600 miles further along somewhat better roads to Ushuaia.
There was no way we were going to make O’Higgins by nightfall. We hadn’t passed a nice campsite in hours. We’d just stopped beside a small stream when we spotted a cowboy-looking man walking out of the trees. And we saw that the stream led to a small house. The man came to the road. “Do you know a dry place to camp ” Rachel asked.
The man invited us into his home. We shared hot chocolate and conversation in his warm, rough kitchen. He brought out an old copy of Patagon Journal, and we were amazed to see a photo of our host, Erasmo Betancourt, on the cover. It turns out that our new friend was a well-known cowboy-turned-activist who had been an outspoken opponent of the damming(筑坝)of Patagonia＇s rivers. In recent decades, local farmers, fishermen, and conservationists have fiercely resisted the construction of hydroelectric(使用水力发电的)dams on the region＇s mighty rivers. Our adventure wouldn’t have been possible if not for their fierce love of this beautiful land and devotion to its protection.
The next morning, we thanked our host and hit the road. Is there anywhere on Earth so remote that one cannot encounter humanity
4．Where were the author and Rachel headed the next day
A．Ushuaia. B．Santiago.
C．Puerto Montt. D．Villa O’Higgins.
5．What was the major problem facing the author and Rachel that night
A．Where to find a dry campsite.
B．How to satisfy their hunger.
C．How to find their way in the forest.
D．Where to get some drinking water.
6．What was Betancourt’s attitude to building hydroelectric dams on Patagonia’s rivers
A．Supportive. B．Disapproving.
C．Tolerant. D．Uncertain.
7．What is the best title for the text
A．Dams on mighty rivers ruined our adventure.
B．A bicycle tour of Patagonia revealed nature to us.
C．A cowboy-turned-activist saved Patagonia’s rivers.
D．We encountered kindness in one of the wildest places on Earth.
Isaac Newton’s book, the Principia, transformed human understanding of the forces of nature, providing a mathematical basis for the movement of planets, moons, and comets (彗星), as well as objects on Earth. Recently, a new survey has more than doubled the known number of first editions of the book, including the first ones found in Asia. Nearly 200 first editions of Principia were newly identified in the survey, bringing the total known number to 386. The volumes cover 27 countries on five continents, including Africa and Australia.
Until now, the size of the Principia’s first edition had been thought to be small — around 250 — based on a 1953 survey that put the number of copies at 189. That figure partly reflects a long-held idea that the book, formally titled the Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, was virtually incomprehensible outside of a small circle of expert mathematicians. But the new survey suggests that the great volume, at 500 pages and written in Latin, may have been popular in many parts of the world.
Behind the pages of the Principia, in which Newton laid out his three laws of motion, is an interesting history that involves the astronomer Edmond Halley and other great figures. Most famous today for the comet that bears his name, Halley sought Newton’s input on the shape of planetary orbits, a question that Halley and his colleagues had been puzzling over. Excited by Newton’s answer — an ellipse (椭圆) , and even more so by a paper he later sent to show his calculations, Halley pushed Newton to write the Principia, then funded its publication and was key to promoting it.
Such a precious book of knowledge carries enormous value. “In a sense, the Principia combined all the work that was done for the previous hundred years,” says Mordechai Feingold, a science historian at the California Institute of Technology. “It took Newton to put together the ideas, that Kepler, Galileo, Descartes and other scientists had put forth insofar as heavenly bodies (天体) are concerned, to realize that Earth is a planet like any other planet and there’s a mutual (相互的) attraction between all those heavenly bodies.”
8．What does the new survey say about first editions of the Principia
A．They were written in different languages.
B．They failed to be seen in Africa.
C．They included 586 copies altogether.
D．They reached a wide audience.
9．How was the Principia traditionally regarded
A．It was not very easy to understand.
B．The number of its pages totaled 600.
C．It was not written by Isaac Newton.
D．The title of the book was inaccurate.
10．What interested Halley most according to paragraph 3
A．Three laws of motion.
B．The comet named after him.
C．Newton’s answer to the shape of planetary orbits.
D．Newton’s intention to write and publish the Principia.
11．Which of the following can best describe Newton’s work according to Feingold
A．Arguable. B．Inclusive.
C．Meaningless. D．Independent.
“If the self or person of today, and that of tomorrow, are not the same, but only like persons, the person of today is really no more interested in what will befall (降临到……头上) the person of tomorrow, than in what will befall any other person,“ Joseph Butler, a well-known philosopher wrote in 1736.
The theory caught the attention of a researcher called Hal Hershfield, who suspected that a disconnection from our future selves might explain many unreasonable elements of human behaviour including our unwillingness to exercise often.
To find out, Hershfield first had to find a way to measure someone’s ”future self-continuity”. He settled on a simple graphic that presented pairs of circles representing the current self, and a future self (see below).The circles overlapped (重叠) to varying degrees，and the participants had to identify which pair best described how similar and how connected they felt to a future self 10 years from now.
He then compared these responses to his participants’ real-life hehavior. Hershfield first looked at his participants’ real-life savings and he found that the more the participant felt connected to their future self, the more money they had already squirrelled away. What’s more, people who score highly on the future self-continuity measure have higher moral standards than the people who struggle to identify with their future selves.
Hershfield confirmed that someone’s (in) ability to identify with their future self can have long-term consequences for their overall wellbeing and that our sense of connection to our future selves can be strengthened. You might consider a simple imaginative exercise in which you write a letter to yourself 20 years from now, describing what is most important for you now and your plans for the coming decades.
It might seem strange to start a “conversation“ with an imagined person but once your future self becomes alive in your mind, you may find it much easier to make the small personal sacrifices (牺牲) that are essential to preserve your wellbeing.
12．What do we learn about the assumed person described by Joseph Butler
A．He is a self-centered person.
B．He is curious about his future life.
C．He is bored with the same old routine day after day.
D．He is seldom worried about the long-term consequences of his actions.
13．What were the participants required to do in Hershfield’s experiment
A．Draw a simple graph.
B．Select a pair of circles.
C．Predict their overall wellbeing.
D．Compare their real-life behaviours.
14．Which of the following best explains “squirrelled away” underlined in paragraph 4
A．Cost. B．Taken out.
C．Donated. D．Set aside.
15．What is a way to lead a happier life according to the text
A．Considering your future self.
B．Being grateful for what you have.
C．Reflecting on your previous behavior.
D．Making personal sacrifices to help others.
2023届河南省焦作市高三第二次模拟考试英语试题
一、阅读理解
The Rocks Guided Walking Tour
Overview
Search the history of Sydney on a leisurely 90-minute walking tour in The Rocks district with an expert guide. Enjoy the delights of present-day visuals as you explore The Rocksand as you discover shady courtyards and hidden areas that even the locals do not know about.
What to Expect
Meet your guide at the starting point in The Rocks district. From there, visit historic sites and hear stories about the city from a guide. The walking tour, which covers 1. 2 miles at a leisurely pace, focuses on the neighborhood located under the Sydney Harbour Bridge. You can wander around the area’s cobbled stone streets, alleyways and courtyards. The tour includes stops at Campbells Cove, the Garrison Church, which is known as the Church of Holy Trinity, etc. Plus, you can see the shoreline of Sydney Cove as well as views of Sydney Opera House.
Important Information
·Confirmation will be received at the time of booking.
·Children must be accompanied by an adult.
·Small groups (no more than 20 people).
·It operates in all weather conditions, please dress to the predicted weather conditions appropriate for an outdoor activity.
·Comfortable walking shoes, hat and a bottle of water are suggested.
·The tour is wheelchair accessible. However, be prepared for uneven surfaces at the visited sites which may be difficult for those with walking disabilities.
Departure Point: 35 Harrington St, The Rocks NSW 2000, Australia.
Duration: 90 minutes.
Return Detail: Return to original departure point.
1．What can the visitors enjoy during the tour
A．Different villages. B．Remote courtyards.
C．The mountain landscape. D．The view of the sea.
2．What should the visitors prepare for the tour
A．Suitable clothing. B．Many books.
C．Enough food. D．Some wheelchairs.
3．Where does the tour start
A．In Sydney Opera House. B．At Campbells Cove.
C．At 35 Harrington St. D．In the Garrison Church.
About 400 pounds of food is wasted per day from 5 pm to 8 pm in Douglass Dining Hall. “We scrape(刮掉) the food from the conveyor belt into the buckets by hand. Working for Dining Team Green, I don’t expect to basically become a garbage girl,” Roll said. “We do the work because we care much about it. We all have a responsibility to take care of the environment.”
To have more approachable composting(把……制成堆肥) machines on campus, Roll now has a new sustainable project investing in Lomi, an automated compost machine. “I learned about Lomi through an ad,” Roll said. “Funny enough, I just saw it and thought it perfect. It really interested me how the mechanism worked. ”
Lomi is a new technology that can break down food waste into natural compost. According to Roll, it breaks down waste in the way: grinding(碾碎) the food into plant fertilizer. Unlike most composting machines, Omi can compost animal products, such as small bones. Another huge benefit is that it doesn’t have smell and can convert waste to compost in a shorter time.
Roll plans on using the compost in the Gilbert community garden so that Dining Team Green can give back to the community. “It’s very exciting to see our food waste that would otherwise have gone in the trash and pollute the environment go to our community,” she said.
Roll is excited to introduce a new form of composting to the residents. She hopes that this machine will inspire other composting machines in all residential buildings. “I want Lomi not only to be a way to reduce food waste on the floor, but an educational tool to make people compost in a real way and not just talk about it in a theoretical sense,” Roll said.
4．Which of the following can best describe Lomi
A．Elegant. B．Widespread.
C．Low-powered. D．Environmentally friendly.
5．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A．The reasons for designing Lomi. B．The impact of wasting food.
C．The solution to food waste. D．The advantages of Lomi.
6．What may be Roll’s expectation
A．More people will get involved in composting initiatives.
B．Dining Team Green will become an educational tool.
C．More developed composting machines will be invented.
D．Dining Team Green will build community gardens.
7．What can we know about Roll
A．She lives in the Gilbert community.
B．She is a member of Dining Team Green.
C．She knows a lot about residential buildings.
D．She plans to design more composting machines.
Definitions of adult learning vary, but it is usually defined as all forms of learning undertaken by adults after having left initial education and training, however far this process may have gone.
Education and training are important factors for achieving the strategy objectives of raising economic growth, competitiveness and social inclusion. However, with some exceptions, the process of implementing education and training remains weak. Most education and training systems are still largely focused on the education and training of young people and limited progress has been made in changing systems to mirror the need for learning throughout the lifespan.
An additional 4 million adults would need to participate in lifelong learning. Recent research confirms the importance of investing in adult learning. The research on adults indicates that those who engage in learning are healthier, with a consequent reduction in healthcare costs.
The big economic challenge in Europe is to raise its growth and employment performance while preserving social cohesion(凝聚力). The rapid progress in other regions of the world shows the importance of creative, advanced and quality education and training as key factors of economic competitiveness. General levels of competence must increase, both to meet the needs of the labour market and to allow citizens to function well in today's society.
Europe is facing big demographic(人口的) changes that will have a major impact on society and on the economy and consequently on education and training provision and needs. Over the next 30 years, the number of younger Europeans will fall by 15%. One in three Europeans will be over 60 years old, and about one in ten will be over 80.
Given the challenges identified above, raising the overall level of skills of the adult population by offering more and better learning opportunities throughout adult life is important for both efficiency and equity reasons. Not only does lifelong learning help make adults more efficient workers and more active citizens, it also contributes to their personal well-being.
8．Which can replace the underlined word “implementing” in paragraph 2
A．Carrying out.
B．Taking in.
C．Knowing about.
D．Looking over.
9．What can we learn from the research
A．Adults have reduced healthcare costs.
B．Learning is good for adults’ health.
C．Few adults need to receive learning.
D．More research will focus on learning.
10．What problem does Europe face according to the text
A．Europeans are not healthy.
B．Many old Europeans have died.
C．The European population is aging.
D．Young Europeans are out of work.
11．What does the author want to express in the last paragraph
A．Lifelong learning is essential.
B．Raising adult population is significant.
C．We should help more efficient workers.
D．Work contributes to personal well-being.
An inability to stand on one leg for 10 seconds in later life is linked to nearly double the risk of death from any cause within the next decade, according to a new study. The simple balance test may be useful to be included in routine physical exams for people in middle and old age, the research, which was published in British Journal of Sports Medicine, suggested.
While aging leads to a decline in physical fitness, muscle strength and flexibility, balance tends to be reasonably well-preserved until a person’s 50s, when it starts to decline relatively rapidly, the research noted. Previous research has linked the inability to stand on one leg to a greater risk of falls and to cognitive decline.
The study involved 1,702 people aged 51 to 75 living in Brazil, who were asked to balance unsupported on one leg during an initial check. Researchers told the participants to place the front of the free foot behind the standing leg, keep their arms by their sides and eyes. Fixed straight ahead. Up to three attempts on either foot were permitted.
The study participants had an average age of 61 and two-thirds of them were men. Around 1 in 5 failed to balance on one leg for 10 seconds at the initial checkup. Researchers monitored the participants after the initial checkup for a period of seven years, during which 7% of the people died. The proportion (比例)of deaths among those who failed the test (17.5%) was significantly higher than deaths among those who were able to balance for 10 seconds(4.5%).
The research was observational and didn’t reveal cause and effect. The study didn’t look at any possible biological mechanisms that might explain the link between poor balance and longevity.
The study noted that, overall, those who failed the test were in poorer health, with greater proportion of suffering from obesity, heart disease and high blood pressure. Diabetes was also more common among those who failed to complete the test.
12．What did the participants take during the research
A．Vision examinations. B．Medical examinations.
C．Flexibility tests. D．Balance tests.
13．How did the researchers get the findings
A．By calculating the participant numbers.
B．By comparing the participants’ lifetime.
C．By identifying the participants’ diseases.
D．By monitoring the participants’ pressure.
14．What was the research’s shortcoming
A．It had few participants.
B．It didn’t last very long.
C．It lacked in-depth study.
D．It was the first research on balance.
15．What may be the best title for the text
A．Balance determines a person’s lifetime
B．The balance test should be promoted to people
C．The ability to stand on one leg can reflect health levels
D．Being able to stand for 10 seconds means being healthy
2023届河南省平许济洛四市高三第二次质量检测英语试题
四、阅读理解
From the Middle East to North America, this group of young individuals have broken records this year, according to Guinness World Records.
Bella J Dark
Record: Youngest female to publish a book
Citizenship: British
At five years and 211 days old, Dark became the world’s youngest female to publish a book. The book, The Lost Cat, tells the tale of Snowy, the cat, and it has sold over 1,000 copies since being published in January 2022. The young British author is already working on a sequel (续篇).
David Popovici
Record: Youngest swimmer to break the record in the men’s 100-meter freestyle
Citizenship: Romanian
Romanian swimmer Popovici aged 15 years and 35 days became the youngest male in 2022 to break an individual world record in an Olympic swimming event since Michael Phelps set the fourth of his 29 individual records in 2003. In August, Popovici broke the men’s 100-meter freestyle world record at the 2022 European championships in Italy.
Mack Rutherford
Record: Youngest pilot to fly the world solo
Citizenship: Belgian. British
Belgian- British pilot Rutherford became the youngest person to circumnavigate the world by aircraft solo, aged 17 years and 64 days. In August 2022, he marked the end of his trip, landing in Sofia, Bulgaria. Rutherford flew across 52 countries and five continents aboard a small, single-engine aircraft and traveled for a total of six months. He comes from a family of pilots and is the younger brother of fellow pilot and record holder Zara Rutherford, who became the youngest female to circumnavigate the world by aircraft solo aged 19 years and 199 days.
21．Which of the following is the youngest
A．Bella J Dark. B．David Popovici.
C．Mack Rutherford. D．Zara Rutherford.
22．In which month did Mack Rutherford start his trip by aircraft solo
A．January. B．February. C．March. D．April.
23．What do the young individuals have in common
A．They are females. B．They are British.
C．They are of the same age. D．They are record breakers.
Andrea Speranza wanted to be a firefighter long before she had the right word for her wish. After one childhood adventure at a construction site ended with a brake lever inserted in her leg, and an emergency call to the fire department, she found herself in amazement. “As they gave basic medical treatment to me, I thought they help everybody and they can do anything,” says the now 52-year-old from Toronto, Canada.
In 2000, Speranza fulfilled her dream of becoming a firefighter, joining the Halifax Regional Fire Service. Her job was exactly as fulfilling as she imagined it would be, except for one thing: she still hadn’t seen another woman in her role, not in a magazine, not on television, not in real life. Even today, less than five percent of firefighters in Canada are women. Speranza decided that she wanted to help young women see that they, too, could have a career like hers.
The result is Camp Courage, a program for girls aged 15 to 19 who want to learn more about firefighting, and police work. In 2006, Speranza and about 20 volunteers welcomed their first 17 participants, recruiting(招募) attendees through advertising in schools and recreation centres. Over the course of eight days, the girls discover the ins and outs of being first responders: learning how to put out fires, delivering first aid and even using the jaws of life on a car.
Camp Courage now runs one session every year in Halifax and is free to attend. Hundreds of girls have now passed through Camp Courage, and 36 percent are doing exactly what Speranza hoped they would: working as first responders across the country.
“I used to think that it’s awesome that I can be a firefighter and save all these people,”
Speranza says with a smile. But the opportunity to recruit other girls to save lives alongside her is what really keeps her going. “It’s not even measurable.”
24．What made Speranza want to be a firefighter
A．Her dream as a baby. B．The emergency call.
C．Firefighters’ encouragement. D．Her admiration for firemen.
25．Why did Spreranza set up Camp Courage
A．To create more jobs for women. B．To strengthen fire fighting force.
C．To see more females in her field. D．To improve the status of women.
26．What can we learn about Camp Courage
A．It runs throughout the year. B．It attracts women of all ages.
C．It operates well and bears fruit. D．It provides training for firefighters.
27．What is the text mainly about
A．A female firefighter. B．An immeasurable career.
C．A good choice for women. D．A dream-building program.
Out on the graceful avenues and main roads of Paris, a battle has been approaching.
A century and a half after Baron Haussmann plowed (犁地) through the city to straighten out and broaden the narrow twisted streets, the Mayor of Paris Anne Hidalgo, a kind of anti-Haussmann has slowly been reducing the size of main roads for years.
Part of her environmental plan is to clean up air pollution and make the city friendly for bicycles and other two wheeled vehicles like electric scooters (踏板车). “I think it could be a good idea - not to have cars in the town centers and the motorists who love four wheels. It’s a bit of a war of the bikes and scooters against cars,” the Mayor said. High speed lanes along the Seine, which people in the suburbs relied on to and from Paris each day, have been shut down to make room for joggers and cycles. This is part of a Paris Administration’s dream of getting rid of cars in Paris as much as possible.
The Mayor wants to transform the big space and today the big space is occupied by cars, and car drivers. “We have half of the public space in Paris, which is dedicated to cars,” she said. But for motorists, it is as bad as the reduction of the speed limit on most streets in town to 30 kilometers. The constant flashes of speed radar cameras bare witness to how many motorists just can’t bring themselves to go that slow. They say the reduced speed limits are just another way to get the cars out of the city.
The head of a motorist association claims commuters (通勤者) have no alternative but to use their cars because public transportation is overcrowded and often unreliable. And for those who live around Paris, it’s really unfair. They need their car, or they can’t go to work. It’s something incredible. And so while Paris has taken major action to rid the streets of automobiles and make the city more bicycle friendly, going green is not proving to be politically very simple.
28．What’s the purpose of the Mayor’s plan
A．To object to Baron Haussmann. B．To create a greener city.
C．To start a war of bikes against cars. D．To get rid of cars in Paris.
29．What do the motorists think of the plan
A．Debatable. B．Problem-solving.
C．Economical. D．Environment-friendly.
30．What’s the main difficulty of carrying out the plan
A．The present road condition. B．Shortage of government funding.
C．Many unsolvable practical problems. D．Lack of public environmental awareness.
31．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．Paris: A Livable City B．Paris: Cars or Bikes
C．Paris: A Bicycle City D．Paris: Green is Coming!
Internet Explorer (IE) has finally been withdrawn from the market.
As of Wednesday, Microsoft would no longer support the once-dominant browser (浏览器) that the legion of web surfers loved to hate - and a few still claim to adore. The 27-year-old application now joins BlackBerry phones, dial-up modems and Palm Pilots in the dustbin of tech history.
IE’s exit was not a surprise. A year ago, Microsoft said that it was putting an end to Internet Explorer on June 15, 2022, pushing users to its Edge browser, which was launched in 2015. The company made clear that it was time to move on. “Not only is Microsoft Edge a faster, more secure and more modern browsing experience than Internet Explorer, but it is also able to address a key concern: compatibility (兼容) for older, legacy websites and applications,” Sean Lyndersay, general manager of Microsoft Edge Enterprise, wrote in a May 2021 blog post.
Users marked Explorer’s passing on Twitter, with some referring to it as a “bug-ridden, insecure POS” or the “top browser for installing other browsers.” For others it was a moment for 90’s memory, and The Wall Street Journal quoted a 27-year-old who was sad to see IE go. A Chinese user said that IE is nothing but corresponding with the changing tide of technology, as new things emerge in an endless stream on the Internet, and people are more likely to pursue advanced technical services, but IE’s presence could not be erased. While there are also netizens that believe that IE sitting back for another five years would not be a problem, just leave IE for those certification examinations, as some exams in China appointed IE registration website because of its compatibility.
“Welcome to Microsoft Edge from now on,” the official account of Microsoft Edge browser announced. Today, the Chrome browser dominates with roughly a 65 percent share of the worldwide browser market, followed by Apple’s Safari with 19 percent, according to internet analytics company Statcounter. IE’s heir (继承者), Edge, falls behind about 4 percent, just ahead of Firefox.
32．What does the underlined word “legion” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．Users. B．Supporters. C．Masses. D．Applicants.
33．Which is the reason that Microsoft highly recommended Edge browser
A．Its users are tired of IE. B．It is much more powerful.
C．It is not easily substituted. D．It’s more to Chinese users’ taste.
34．Why is a Chinese user mentioned in Paragraph 4
A．To emphasize IE’s special use in exams.
B．To prove the importance of Chinese market.
C．To deliver some people’s lasting love for IE.
D．To show the present situation of the Internet.
35．Where is the text most likely from
A．A guidebook. B．A newspaper.
C．A history magazine. D．An official announcement.
参考答案
2023届河南省郑州市高中毕业年级第二次质量预测英语试题
1．B 2．C 3．C
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几个国家美术馆的高中课程。
1．细节理解题。根据High School Studio Workshops下面的“During the workshop, National Gallery of Art educators will encourage students to look carefully at works of art and then share their responses and they will inspire students to develop theories based on their observations(在研讨会期间，国家美术馆的教育工作者将鼓励学生仔细观察艺术作品，然后分享他们的反应，他们将激励学生根据他们的观察提出理论)”可知，学生在High School Studio Workshops可以做的是提出他们自己的艺术理论，故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据Museum Makers: Exploring Art and Museums下面的“Participants will gain an insider’s view of how an art museum works.(参与者将获得一个艺术博物馆如何工作的内部观点)”可知，学生能从Museum Makers: Exploring Art and Museums这里学到关于博物馆是如何工作的相关知识，故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一部分“Grades 7-12, 90 minutes；A maximum of 30 students (minimum of 15) will be accepted at each session.(7-12年级，90分钟；每节最多接纳30名学生（最少15名）)”可知，25名10年级学生可以参加创意写作课程。故选C。
4．D 5．C 6．A 7．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者为了减肥而克服了三样东西。
4．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Every time something gets in my path(每次有东西挡住我的路)”以及后文“I need to lose the road rage, and fast!(我得快点改掉路怒症！)”可知，作者有路怒症，所以每次有东西挡了作者的路，作者就会变得非常生气。故画线词意思是“变得非常生气”。故选D。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段“This year, I want to stop feeling guilty for not keeping a cleaner house, for spending time away from my children to be with friends, for not attending every party because I’d rather be at home, or for watching TV when I should be reading.(今年，我想不再为没有保持一个干净的房子而感到内疚，为花时间远离孩子和朋友在一起而感到内疚，为因为宁愿呆在家里而没有参加每一个聚会而感到内疚，为在我应该读书的时候看电视而感到内疚)”可知，在此之前，在看电视上浪费时间让作者感到内疚。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The last is fear. Fear has held me back. Fear of failure has prevented me from being a writer. Fear of embarrassment has prevented me from giving an opinion. Fear of rejection has stopped me from aiming higher in my life.(最后是恐惧。恐惧阻碍了我。对失败的恐惧使我无法成为一名作家。由于害怕尴尬，我不敢发表意见。对拒绝的恐惧让我无法在生活中追求更高的目标)”可知，恐惧阻碍了作者实现自己的目标。故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Next time, I hope my colleague looks me in the eye to see my glow instead of pinching part of me that has nothing to do with how great I really look.(下次，我希望我的同事能看着我的眼睛，看到我容光焕发的样子，而不是掐我身上那些与我看起来有多棒无关的部分)”结合上文提到作者想要克服的三样东西推知，作者期望从她的减肥计划中获得乐观，不再内疚、容易生气和恐惧。故选C。
8．A 9．A 10．D 11．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了养老院的老人总是觉得孤独和不被需要，法国有了一个把老人院和幼儿园结合在一栋楼里的想法，介绍了这一做法的好处。
8．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“The idea is simple, but revolutionary — combining a residential home for the elderly with a nursery school in the same building. (这个想法很简单，但却是革命性的——在同一栋楼里把养老院和幼儿园结合起来)”以及画线词后文“eat lunch together and share activities”可知，这个想法把老人院和幼儿园结合了起来，让孩子们和老人们一起吃午饭，分享活动。故画线词意思是“老人”。故选A。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段“Grandmother talked a lot about how much she missed seeing her grandchildren, but I knew from my sister that they hated going to visit her there .(祖母经常说她多么想念孙子孙女们，但我从姐姐那里知道，他们不喜欢去那里看她)”以及第三段中“The residents are happy because they feel useful and needed. (老人们很高兴，因为他们觉得自己是有用的和被需要的)”可知，作者祖母住的那所房子里的老人感到孤独和无用。故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Nowadays there is less and less contact between the old and the young in an increasing number of countries. (如今，在越来越多的国家，老年人和年轻人之间的接触越来越少)”可知，作者认为当今社会的主要问题是老年人和年轻人之间没有太多的接触。故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“That’s why intergenerational programs, designed to bring the old and the young together, are growing in popularity all over the world. (这就是为什么旨在将老年人和年轻人结合在一起的代际计划在世界各地越来越受欢迎)”可推知，这篇文章后面可能会讨论成功的代际项目的例子。故选C。
12．A 13．C 14．D 15．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了根据一项对空气中塑料颗粒的研究，微塑料污染正在全球范围内大幅增加。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段“The researchers said that breathing in these particles can be harmful to lung tissue and lead to serious diseases.(研究人员表示，吸入这些颗粒会对肺组织有害，并导致严重的疾病。)”可知，这些颗粒会对我们的肺部造成巨大的伤害。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据第六段“They found that roads were the main factor (因素)in the western US, linked to about 85% of the microplastics in the air. (他们发现，道路是美国西部的主要因素，空气中约85%的微塑料都与道路有关。)”以及第七段“The researchers extended their modeling work to a global level and this suggested that while roads are also likely to be the major driver of airborne plastics in Europe, South America and Australia, plastic particles blown up from fields may be a much bigger factor in Africa and Asia. (研究人员将他们的建模工作扩展到全球水平，这表明在欧洲、南美和澳大利亚，道路也可能是空气中塑料的主要驱动因素，而在非洲和亚洲，来自田野的塑料颗粒可能是一个更大的因素。)可知，地区之间空气传播的塑料污染的主要因素是不同的，道路和田地在很大程度上是罪魁祸首。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据最后一段Professor Andreas Stohl 说的“The study confirms the global-scale (全球规模的)nature of microplastic transport in the atmosphere and does a good job in highlighting highly relevant and concerning possibilities, but more measurement data is needed to get a better idea of the sources.” (该研究证实了大气中微塑料迁移的全球规模性质，并在突出高度相关和令人担忧的可能性方面做了很好的工作，但需要更多的测量数据来更好地了解来源。)可知，根据Andreas StohI教授的介绍，研究的下一步是获得更多数据，以了解微塑料的来源。故选D。
15．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Microplastic pollution is increasing greatly around the globe, according to a study of plastic particles (微粒)carried in the air.”(根据一项对空气中塑料颗粒的研究，微塑料污染正在全球范围内大幅增加。)以及下文的对研究的介绍可知，本文主要介绍了微塑料污染越来越严重，因此推断D项 (塑料污染在空气中迅速上升)是本文的最佳标题。故选D。
2023届河南省平顶山市安阳市高三二模英语试题
1．B 2．D 3．B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了4本书籍。
1．细节理解题。根据Klara and the Sun By Kazuo Ishiguro.中的“The author’s first novel since winning the Nobel prize in 2017 is an adult drama in which advanced human-like robots are bought by wealthy parents as company for their children.(作者自2017年获得诺贝尔奖以来的第一部小说是一部成人剧，讲述了富有的父母购买先进的类人机器人作为孩子的陪伴)”可知，石黑一雄获得诺贝尔奖后出版了他的第一部小说。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据Chronicles from the Land of the Happiest People on Earth By Wole Soyinka.中的“The first work of fiction by the Nobel prize winning playwright for 50 years is both a complex thriller and a criticism of Nigeria’s political class. (这是这位诺贝尔奖得主剧作家50年来的第一部小说，既是一部复杂的惊悚小说，也是对尼日利亚政治阶层的批评)”可知，尼日利亚是非洲国家。如果你想了解非洲，你应该看《地球上最快乐的人的编年史》这本书。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据The Books of Jacob By Olga Tokarczuk.Translated by JeniferCroft.中的“At the centre of this fiction of faith, the book presents a real-life 18th century mystic. (在这个信仰小说的中心，这本书呈现了一个真实的18世纪神秘主义者)”可知，《雅各布之书》传达了18世纪神秘主义的真实面貌。故选B。
4．A 5．C 6．B 7．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者通过第一节哲学课学到：放下自己的偏见，接受我们看到的东西。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段“Since elementary school, I have always showed great interest in subjects like science and math. To me, these subjects, full of fascinating discoveries and constant innovations, seem to play a more significant role in human progress than humanities. (从小学开始，我就对科学和数学等科目表现出极大的兴趣。在我看来，这些充满了迷人的发现和不断创新的学科，似乎在人类进步中发挥着比人文学科更重要的作用)”可知，作者对科学和数学有着极大的兴趣，认为这样的科目是具有吸引力的。故选A。
5．推理判断题。根据第三段“A young man in jeans, Mr. Jones—“but you can call me Rob”—was far from the white-haired, buttoned-up old man that I had expected in my mind.(琼斯先生是一个穿着牛仔裤的年轻人——“但你可以叫我罗伯”——他完全不是我想象中的白发苍苍、穿着保守的老人)”可推断，作者第一次见到老师的时候应该是很惊讶。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据最后一段“It struck me that if I let go of my prejudice, I can actually get a lot out of the subjects I once thought little of.(我突然意识到，如果我放下自己的偏见，我实际上可以从我曾经很少想到的科目中得到很多东西)”可知，作者如果放弃偏见，可以从其曾经不在意的科目中学到更多。故选B。
7．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The class taught me—in more ways than one—to look at things with an open mind.(这门课在很多方面教会了我以开放的心态看待事物)”及全文可知，文章主要讲述作者通过第一节哲学课学到：放下自己的偏见，接受我们看到的东西。所以“Be receptive to what we observe(接受我们所看到的)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选A。
8．B 9．C 10．A 11．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的供暖产品在欧洲的热销。
8．词句猜测题。根据画线词后半句“as the region faces tight energy supplies after relations with Russia soured.(因为在与俄罗斯关系恶化后，该地区面临着能源供应紧张的局面。)”可知，为了能够度过这个冬天，欧洲的一些公司在最近几个月一直从中国销售商获取取暖设备。所以source 在此为动词，表示“（从……）获得”之意。 故选B。
9．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““European customers used to be conservative in placing orders, but this year they’re bolder(大胆的) ,” she said.(她说：“欧洲客户过去在下订单方面很保守，但今年他们更大胆了。”)”可推断，欧洲的顾客在过去下订单的时候比较保守。故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Experts said that the rising popularity of Chinese “heating gadgets(小器具)” is another example of Chinese private economy helping overseas households get through the energy supply crunch(短缺).( 专家表示，中国“取暖设备”越来越受欢迎，这是中国私营经济帮助海外家庭度过能源供应危机的又一个例子。)”可知，说明这不是第一次了，以前中国的私营经济帮助过外国人克服了能源供应不足的问题。故选A。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Chinese companies are ramping up(提高)production capacity in Europe, as local customers’ demand for Chinese heating products ranging from electric carpets and heat pumps(热泵)to heaters and hot-water bags has boomed.(随着欧洲客户对中国供暖产品（从电热毯、热泵到加热器和热水袋）的需求激增，中国企业正在提高在欧洲的产能。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了中国的供暖产品在欧洲的热销。故选C。
12．A 13．C 14．A 15．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍根据一项新研究，文化可能不会显著影响人们的气味偏好。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段“To the Swedes，there are few smells more pleasant than that of surstromming(鲜鱼罐头). To most non-Swedes there are probably few smells more disgusting. In determining which scent(气味)people find pleasant and which they do not, surstromming suggests culture must play a large part.(对瑞典人来说，没有什么气味能比鲜鱼罐头腥味更令人愉快了。对于大多数非瑞典人来说，恐怕没有什么味道比瑞典人更恶心了。在决定人们觉得哪种气味令人愉快，哪种气味不愉快的过程中，鲜鱼罐头表明文化一定发挥了很大的作用。)”可推断，作者通过瑞士人喜爱鲜鱼罐头的例子，引入文章话题，探讨影响人们对气味的选择的因素。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据第四段“The researchers noted that pleasantness rankings of the smells were remarkably consistent regardless of where people came from. (研究人员指出，无论人们来自哪里，对气味的愉悦度排名都非常一致。)”可知，人们来自哪里并不影响气味的愉悦度排名。故选C。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Randomness, which the researchers suggest has to be coming from personal preferences learned from outside individual culture, accounted for 54% of the difference in which smells people liked. The “eye of the beholder” effect does not slip off the tongue so easily but it appears to be a real phenomenon also.(研究人员认为，这种随机性来自于从个人文化之外学习到的个人偏好，在人们喜欢的气味差异中占54%。“情人眼里出西施”效应并不容易脱口而出，但它似乎也是一个真实的现象。)”可知，我们能从“情人眼里出西施”效应中了解到，对瑞典人来说，没有什么气味比鲜鱼罐头的味道更令人愉快了。故选A。
15．推理判断题。根据全文可知，文章主要探讨了影响人们对气味的偏好的因素，从而推断文章应出自科学杂志。故选D。
2023届河南省开封市高三二模英语试题
1．D 2．B 3．A
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了为了确保乘客可以在火车上和车站享受安全、可靠和舒适的体验，铁路公司计划关闭部分轨道以完成升级。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Additionally, some track closures will affect Cross River Rail, which is Queensland’s largest rail infrastructure project. (此外，一些轨道的关闭将影响到Cross River Rail，这是昆士兰州最大的铁路基础设施项目)”可知，Cross River Rail是昆士兰州最大的铁路基础设施。由此推知，它对于昆士兰州的交通运输很重要。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据表格中“20 to 22 Roma Street to Corinda”可知，Roma Street to Corinda在2月20号到22号关闭，所以2月21号关闭的就是Roma Street to Corinda。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station pl