2023届高三英语二轮复习我们为什么打哈欠？等2则外刊阅读训练（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2023届高三英语二轮复习我们为什么打哈欠？等2则外刊阅读训练（含答案） |  | |
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| 文件大小 | 21.7KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-04-03 09:36:06 | ||
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外刊精读精练
我们为什么打哈欠？
导读：
请注意，点开这篇文章可能会让你打哈欠！这并不是因为我们的节目太无聊或者你会被传染上哈欠，而是因为只要我们看到别人打哈欠，甚至只是想想这个行为，都可能引发我们来一个大哈欠！但这究竟是为什么呢，本集《外刊精读》将会解答你的疑惑。
一、语篇泛读
Vocabulary: Biology 词汇:生物学
It’s a question that has puzzled scientists for a long time: why exactly do we yawn
In a recent breakthrough, scientists have discovered the part of the brain responsible for contagious yawning. It’s called the primary motor cortex, and controls movement in the body. When triggered it makes us yawn. But we can’t choose to yawn – it’s an involuntary imitation of other people. You know how it goes: your friend yawns, you yawn.
Knowing which section of the brain is involved is only part of the answer. There is still a deeper question of ‘why’. And we don’t only yawn when others do, we sometimes yawn alone.
So, let’s start with the physiological theories behind yawning. As far back as 400BC, Greek physician Hippocrates speculated that yawning released harmful gases from the body, like “steam escaping from a cauldron”. His colourful theory is now, sadly, discounted.
A more recent idea suggests that we yawn in order to cool down the brain. Just like a busy computer processor, our brains can overheat. Psychologist Gordon Gallup from the University at Albany has argued that the act of yawning delivers a rush of oxygen to the brain, helping us think more clearly.
What about the connection between yawning and tiredness We certainly yawn more when we’re feeling sleepy or sluggish, but why is this Theories that it helps give the body extra energy are largely discredited, as we don’t yawn when we exercise, a time when we definitely need more get-up-and-go!
Psychologist Catriona Morrison from the University of Leeds says yawning is an ancient reflex. She told the BBC that it may have started in “the days of cavemen when someone had to be on watch all the time - yawning increases cerebral blood flow so can improve alertness.”
What about our friends' contagious yawning Some think it comes down to empathy. While all vertebrate mammals yawn, only humans and chimpanzees ‘catch’ yawns from others. Studies have shown we yawn more frequently when in the company of close relatives and friends. Could yawning actually help us cement our closest relationships
If it does, next time you yawn in company, don’t feel too embarrassed. You’re just showing off your people skills.
二、词汇表
contagious 会传染的
motor 肌肉运动的，运动神经的
cortex （尤指大脑或其他器官的）皮层
involuntary 不由自主的
physiological 生理的
physician 医生（尤指内科医生）
cauldron （通常指架在火上的）大锅
colourful 有趣的，有声有色的
discounted 大打折扣的，有所减弱的
overheat 负荷过多，承载过多
rush （身体的）一阵感觉
sluggish 行动迟缓的
discredited 受到怀疑的，被质疑的
get-up-and-go 干劲
reflex 本能反应
cerebral 大脑的
come down to 归结为，归根结底在于
empathy 共鸣，共感
vertebrate 有脊椎的
cement 巩固（友谊）
people skills 人际交往能力
三、测试与练习
阅读课文并回答问题。
1. Are we more likely to yawn in the company of our family or strangers
2. Why don’t we think yawning gives you a rush of energy
3. True or false: Humans and chimpanzees are the only mammals which yawn.
4. Which word means ‘caused something to start’
5. True or false: The author found Hippocrates’ idea appealing.
请你在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处 。
1. Professor Li’s theory is ______. It is widely used in academia.
discredited discounted
valid contagious
2. It really ______ to you. If you want something badly enough, you can make it happen.
Down come down
downs comes down
3. A reflex is ______ action.
a voluntary
an involuntary
the voluntary
a volunteer
4. Tim has great ______. He always knows how to get the best out of his team.
people skills
empathy skills
person skills
cerebral skills
5. Wait until January to buy a new jacket and take advantage of the ______.
discounting discounted
discounts discredit
【参考答案】
阅读课文并回答问题。
1. Are we more likely to yawn in the company of our family or strangers
According to the article, we are more likely to yawn when with family and friends.
2. Why don’t we think yawning gives you a rush of energy
The theory is no longer popular because if it were true, it would mean we would yawn at times when energy is badly needed, such as during exercise.
3. True or false: Humans and chimpanzees are the only mammals which yawn.
False. The article says all vertebrate mammals yawn, but it’s only contagious in humans and chimpanzees.
4.Which word means ‘caused something to start’
Triggered.
5. True or false: The author found Hippocrates’ idea appealing.
True. The author seems to like Hippocrates’ idea, calling it “colourful” and saying it was “sad” it was no longer accepted.
请你在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处 。
1. Professor Li’s theory is valid. It is widely used in academia.
2. It really comes down to you. If you want something badly enough, you can make it happen.
3. A reflex is an involuntary action.
4. Tim has great people skills. He always knows how to get the best out of his team.
5. Wait until January to buy a new jacket and take advantage of the discounts.
高空飞行对情绪的影响
导读：
你知道在哪里能看到成年男人抱头痛哭吗？答案是：在2400米的高空中。飞机客舱有什么独特的力量能使男人们变得那么容易动情呢？在飞行过程中看电影为什么会让我们那么大喜大悲呢？本集《外刊精读》讨论飞行对人们情绪的影响。
一、语篇泛读
Vocabulary: Emotions 词汇: 情绪
I’ll let you into a secret. There’s a place that gets me every time: whenever I’m there, I can’t help but well up. Where is this tear-inducing location It’s thousands of metres high in the sky, in the cabin of an aeroplane. Especially when there’s a trashy romantic comedy on.
Why am I admitting this now Because apparently, I’m not alone. English crooner Ed Sheeran confesses to getting all emotional when flying too. And get this: a survey carried out by Gatwick Airport in London found that 15% of men confess they’re more likely to cry during films in planes than watching at home. And 41% of men owned up to burying themselves in the blankets to hide their tears in a separate survey by Virgin Atlantic. In all, 55% of air travellers in the Virgin study claimed they experience heightened emotions when flying.
So, what’s going on How does air travel tap into our hidden emotions A study from the Netherlands has shown adults cry due to feelings of separation, loneliness or powerlessness. All of these are easily experienced when flying: you’re far from family, often alone, and have no control over the aircraft’s flight.
Another theory relates to the lack of distraction. When you’re strapped into your seat in a sealed cabin in the sky, there’s not a lot you can do. So we are able to invest ourselves more fully into the movies we watch.
Then there’s the physical space. Air pressure and oxygen levels are lower, and this can affect our mental state. Conditions in an aeroplane resemble those at an altitude of 2,400m. The reduced oxygen at this height can affect the brain. According to a study by the US Institute of Medicine: “the initial mood experienced at altitude is euphoria, followed by depression.”
And what about the movies themselves Virgin say top culprits include tearjerkers such as Billy Elliot, Eat Pray Love and, at number one position, Toy Story 3. Their emotional firepower even caused the aeroplane to slap tongue-in-cheek “emotional health warnings” on select movies back in 2011.
Virgin Atlantic film critic Jason Solomons said at the time, "On a flight, we're isolated, leaving loved ones or aching to be reunited with them. We're nervous, we're tired, we might have had a drink at a time we usually wouldn't, and if we see an image, a scene that reflects our emotional state, frankly we're suckers. Flying and films is a heady cocktail.
二、词汇表
I can’t help but 我情不自禁地，我忍不住
well up （眼泪）涌出
cabin 客舱
trashy 质量低劣的
crooner 情歌歌手（通常指男歌手）
get this （固定搭配）听听这个
bury 埋藏
heightened emotions 高亢的情绪
tap into 进入，深入了解
invest 投入
altitude 海拔高度
euphoria 亢奋，异常兴奋
culprit 罪魁祸首
tearjerker 催人泪下的电影（书、戏剧等）
firepower 火力
tongue-in-cheek 开玩笑地
isolated 隔离的，孤独的
emotional state 情绪状态
sucker 容易上当受骗的人
cocktail 混合物，鸡尾酒
三、测试与练习
1. 阅读课文并回答问题。
1. Where does the author always cry
2. True or false: men cry 41% more often when in planes.
3. Why does the brain behave differently when flying thousands of metres high in a plane
4. Which word means ‘wishing for something so much it hurts’
5. True or false: Virgin Atlantic were genuinely worried for the emotional wellbeing of their passengers.
2. 请你在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处 。
1. Sue felt ______ after she finished the marathon. She was so happy.
heightened euphoric
isolated
tongue-in-cheek
2. Steve never deals with problems. He prefers to ______ his head in the sand.
heady well up
croon bury
3. That book was a real ______. I cried all the way through.
sucker
tear-inducer
tearjerker
weller upper
4. I don’t feel very ______ in this project. I think if I left it, no one would notice.
invested buried
trashy isolated
5. The experiment was designed to ______ our deepest, darkest fears.
tap into invest
get tap out of
【参考答案】
阅读课文并回答问题。
1. Where does the author always cry
The author always cries when in an aeroplane, especially when watching trashy movies.
2. True or false: men cry 41% more often when in planes.
False. The 41% figure refers to the number of men who hide their crying. We don’t know the percentage who cry more often in general, but those who cry more often when watching films is 15%.
3. Why does the brain behave differently when flying thousands of metres high in a plane
The cabin has lower air pressure and oxygen levels than the outside world, which can make the brain feel greater extremes such as euphoria and depression.
4.Which word means ‘wishing for something so much it hurts’
‘Aching’. If you are ‘aching’ for loved ones, you really want to see them.
5. True or false: Virgin Atlantic were genuinely worried for the emotional wellbeing of their passengers.
False. Their ‘emotional health warning’ campaign was tongue-in-cheek. In other words, it was just for fun.
请你在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处。
1. Sue felt euphoric after she finished the marathon. She was so happy.
2. Steve never deals with problems. He prefers to bury his head in the sand.
3. That book was a real tearjerker. I cried all the way through.
4. I don’t feel very invested in this project. I think if I left it, no one would notice.
5. The experiment was designed to tap into our deepest, darkest fears.
我们为什么打哈欠？
导读：
请注意，点开这篇文章可能会让你打哈欠！这并不是因为我们的节目太无聊或者你会被传染上哈欠，而是因为只要我们看到别人打哈欠，甚至只是想想这个行为，都可能引发我们来一个大哈欠！但这究竟是为什么呢，本集《外刊精读》将会解答你的疑惑。
一、语篇泛读
Vocabulary: Biology 词汇:生物学
It’s a question that has puzzled scientists for a long time: why exactly do we yawn
In a recent breakthrough, scientists have discovered the part of the brain responsible for contagious yawning. It’s called the primary motor cortex, and controls movement in the body. When triggered it makes us yawn. But we can’t choose to yawn – it’s an involuntary imitation of other people. You know how it goes: your friend yawns, you yawn.
Knowing which section of the brain is involved is only part of the answer. There is still a deeper question of ‘why’. And we don’t only yawn when others do, we sometimes yawn alone.
So, let’s start with the physiological theories behind yawning. As far back as 400BC, Greek physician Hippocrates speculated that yawning released harmful gases from the body, like “steam escaping from a cauldron”. His colourful theory is now, sadly, discounted.
A more recent idea suggests that we yawn in order to cool down the brain. Just like a busy computer processor, our brains can overheat. Psychologist Gordon Gallup from the University at Albany has argued that the act of yawning delivers a rush of oxygen to the brain, helping us think more clearly.
What about the connection between yawning and tiredness We certainly yawn more when we’re feeling sleepy or sluggish, but why is this Theories that it helps give the body extra energy are largely discredited, as we don’t yawn when we exercise, a time when we definitely need more get-up-and-go!
Psychologist Catriona Morrison from the University of Leeds says yawning is an ancient reflex. She told the BBC that it may have started in “the days of cavemen when someone had to be on watch all the time - yawning increases cerebral blood flow so can improve alertness.”
What about our friends' contagious yawning Some think it comes down to empathy. While all vertebrate mammals yawn, only humans and chimpanzees ‘catch’ yawns from others. Studies have shown we yawn more frequently when in the company of close relatives and friends. Could yawning actually help us cement our closest relationships
If it does, next time you yawn in company, don’t feel too embarrassed. You’re just showing off your people skills.
二、词汇表
contagious 会传染的
motor 肌肉运动的，运动神经的
cortex （尤指大脑或其他器官的）皮层
involuntary 不由自主的
physiological 生理的
physician 医生（尤指内科医生）
cauldron （通常指架在火上的）大锅
colourful 有趣的，有声有色的
discounted 大打折扣的，有所减弱的
overheat 负荷过多，承载过多
rush （身体的）一阵感觉
sluggish 行动迟缓的
discredited 受到怀疑的，被质疑的
get-up-and-go 干劲
reflex 本能反应
cerebral 大脑的
come down to 归结为，归根结底在于
empathy 共鸣，共感
vertebrate 有脊椎的
cement 巩固（友谊）
people skills 人际交往能力
三、测试与练习
阅读课文并回答问题。
1. Are we more likely to yawn in the company of our family or strangers
2. Why don’t we think yawning gives you a rush of energy
3. True or false: Humans and chimpanzees are the only mammals which yawn.
4. Which word means ‘caused something to start’
5. True or false: The author found Hippocrates’ idea appealing.
请你在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处 。
1. Professor Li’s theory is ______. It is widely used in academia.
discredited discounted
valid contagious
2. It really ______ to you. If you want something badly enough, you can make it happen.
Down come down
downs comes down
3. A reflex is ______ action.
a voluntary
an involuntary
the voluntary
a volunteer
4. Tim has great ______. He always knows how to get the best out of his team.
people skills
empathy skills
person skills
cerebral skills
5. Wait until January to buy a new jacket and take advantage of the ______.
discounting discounted
discounts discredit
【参考答案】
阅读课文并回答问题。
1. Are we more likely to yawn in the company of our family or strangers
According to the article, we are more likely to yawn when with family and friends.
2. Why don’t we think yawning gives you a rush of energy
The theory is no longer popular because if it were true, it would mean we would yawn at times when energy is badly needed, such as during exercise.
3. True or false: Humans and chimpanzees are the only mammals which yawn.
False. The article says all vertebrate mammals yawn, but it’s only contagious in humans and chimpanzees.
4.Which word means ‘caused something to start’
Triggered.
5. True or false: The author found Hippocrates’ idea appealing.
True. The author seems to like Hippocrates’ idea, calling it “colourful” and saying it was “sad” it was no longer accepted.
请你在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处 。
1. Professor Li’s theory is valid. It is widely used in academia.
2. It really comes down to you. If you want something badly enough, you can make it happen.
3. A reflex is an involuntary action.
4. Tim has great people skills. He always knows how to get the best out of his team.
5. Wait until January to buy a new jacket and take advantage of the discounts.
高空飞行对情绪的影响
导读：
你知道在哪里能看到成年男人抱头痛哭吗？答案是：在2400米的高空中。飞机客舱有什么独特的力量能使男人们变得那么容易动情呢？在飞行过程中看电影为什么会让我们那么大喜大悲呢？本集《外刊精读》讨论飞行对人们情绪的影响。
一、语篇泛读
Vocabulary: Emotions 词汇: 情绪
I’ll let you into a secret. There’s a place that gets me every time: whenever I’m there, I can’t help but well up. Where is this tear-inducing location It’s thousands of metres high in the sky, in the cabin of an aeroplane. Especially when there’s a trashy romantic comedy on.
Why am I admitting this now Because apparently, I’m not alone. English crooner Ed Sheeran confesses to getting all emotional when flying too. And get this: a survey carried out by Gatwick Airport in London found that 15% of men confess they’re more likely to cry during films in planes than watching at home. And 41% of men owned up to burying themselves in the blankets to hide their tears in a separate survey by Virgin Atlantic. In all, 55% of air travellers in the Virgin study claimed they experience heightened emotions when flying.
So, what’s going on How does air travel tap into our hidden emotions A study from the Netherlands has shown adults cry due to feelings of separation, loneliness or powerlessness. All of these are easily experienced when flying: you’re far from family, often alone, and have no control over the aircraft’s flight.
Another theory relates to the lack of distraction. When you’re strapped into your seat in a sealed cabin in the sky, there’s not a lot you can do. So we are able to invest ourselves more fully into the movies we watch.
Then there’s the physical space. Air pressure and oxygen levels are lower, and this can affect our mental state. Conditions in an aeroplane resemble those at an altitude of 2,400m. The reduced oxygen at this height can affect the brain. According to a study by the US Institute of Medicine: “the initial mood experienced at altitude is euphoria, followed by depression.”
And what about the movies themselves Virgin say top culprits include tearjerkers such as Billy Elliot, Eat Pray Love and, at number one position, Toy Story 3. Their emotional firepower even caused the aeroplane to slap tongue-in-cheek “emotional health warnings” on select movies back in 2011.
Virgin Atlantic film critic Jason Solomons said at the time, "On a flight, we're isolated, leaving loved ones or aching to be reunited with them. We're nervous, we're tired, we might have had a drink at a time we usually wouldn't, and if we see an image, a scene that reflects our emotional state, frankly we're suckers. Flying and films is a heady cocktail.
二、词汇表
I can’t help but 我情不自禁地，我忍不住
well up （眼泪）涌出
cabin 客舱
trashy 质量低劣的
crooner 情歌歌手（通常指男歌手）
get this （固定搭配）听听这个
bury 埋藏
heightened emotions 高亢的情绪
tap into 进入，深入了解
invest 投入
altitude 海拔高度
euphoria 亢奋，异常兴奋
culprit 罪魁祸首
tearjerker 催人泪下的电影（书、戏剧等）
firepower 火力
tongue-in-cheek 开玩笑地
isolated 隔离的，孤独的
emotional state 情绪状态
sucker 容易上当受骗的人
cocktail 混合物，鸡尾酒
三、测试与练习
1. 阅读课文并回答问题。
1. Where does the author always cry
2. True or false: men cry 41% more often when in planes.
3. Why does the brain behave differently when flying thousands of metres high in a plane
4. Which word means ‘wishing for something so much it hurts’
5. True or false: Virgin Atlantic were genuinely worried for the emotional wellbeing of their passengers.
2. 请你在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处 。
1. Sue felt ______ after she finished the marathon. She was so happy.
heightened euphoric
isolated
tongue-in-cheek
2. Steve never deals with problems. He prefers to ______ his head in the sand.
heady well up
croon bury
3. That book was a real ______. I cried all the way through.
sucker
tear-inducer
tearjerker
weller upper
4. I don’t feel very ______ in this project. I think if I left it, no one would notice.
invested buried
trashy isolated
5. The experiment was designed to ______ our deepest, darkest fears.
tap into invest
get tap out of
【参考答案】
阅读课文并回答问题。
1. Where does the author always cry
The author always cries when in an aeroplane, especially when watching trashy movies.
2. True or false: men cry 41% more often when in planes.
False. The 41% figure refers to the number of men who hide their crying. We don’t know the percentage who cry more often in general, but those who cry more often when watching films is 15%.
3. Why does the brain behave differently when flying thousands of metres high in a plane
The cabin has lower air pressure and oxygen levels than the outside world, which can make the brain feel greater extremes such as euphoria and depression.
4.Which word means ‘wishing for something so much it hurts’
‘Aching’. If you are ‘aching’ for loved ones, you really want to see them.
5. True or false: Virgin Atlantic were genuinely worried for the emotional wellbeing of their passengers.
False. Their ‘emotional health warning’ campaign was tongue-in-cheek. In other words, it was just for fun.
请你在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处。
1. Sue felt euphoric after she finished the marathon. She was so happy.
2. Steve never deals with problems. He prefers to bury his head in the sand.
3. That book was a real tearjerker. I cried all the way through.
4. I don’t feel very invested in this project. I think if I left it, no one would notice.
5. The experiment was designed to tap into our deepest, darkest fears.