(共60张PPT)
2023届高三英语高考冲刺阶段专项复习
语法填空常考规律一
01
有提示词——谓语动词
考点1：如何确定是否为谓语
判断下面哪个句子正确：
Tom is happy, goes to the library.
Tom is happy, going to the library.
注意：逗号不能连接两个句子，只有连词可以连接两个句子
Tom is happy and goes to the library.
√
考点1：如何确定是否为谓语
方法：句子结构分析法
1.分析句子结构知此句为简单句，在主语后面要填动词，而且只有这一个动词，则该空格应填谓语动词。
练习：Two tigers （run）past him yesterday.
ran
简单句（5种）
1. 主+谓
I laugh.
2. 主+谓+宾
I like music.
3. 主+谓（系）+表
I am a student.
Note: 一句话中什么不能少？
谓语！！！主语！！！
简单句（5种）
4. 主+谓+双宾
I give her flowers.
（间宾） （直宾）
5. 主+谓+宾补
I call him monitor.
Note: 直宾物，间宾人
Note: 如何判断宾补还是双宾？
如果宾语和后面词加上be动词能构成一句话为宾补。
考点1：如何确定是否为谓语
方法：句子结构分析法
2.分析句子结构知此句为并列句，可知并列词前后两个句子都要有自己的谓语动词，并列前后的动词的时态、语态一致。
练习：Chopsticks are called kuaizi and they （use）to eat delicious food.
are used
3.分析句子结构知此句为复合句，可知主句和从句都要有自己的谓语动词。
练习：Chopsticks are called kuaizi which （make）up of woods.
are made
练习：(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)The GPNP (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性) of natural ecosystems，preserving biological diversity，protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产) for future generations”．
is designed
考点2：如何确定谓语动词的时态
方法：认清常考时态的标志性时间状语
(1)看到often，usually，always，every time，sometimes等时间状语，要想到用一般现在时。
练习：Every time I go home to see my father，he often
(fish) in the river near our village.
fishes
考点2：如何确定谓语动词的时态
方法：认清常考时态的标志性时间状语
(2)看到yesterday，last year，in 2022，the other day，two days ago，一段时间＋later等时间状语，要想到用一般过去时。
练习：Qizai (find) as a weak baby panda in 2009 in Qinling Mountains.
was found
考点2：如何确定谓语动词的时态
方法：认清常考时态的标志性时间状语
(3)看到tomorrow，next year，in a week，in the future，soon等时间状语，要想到用一般将来时。
练习：The exam results (put) up tomorrow afternoon.Please wait patiently.
will be put
考点2：如何确定谓语动词的时态
方法：认清常考时态的标志性时间状语
(4)看到at this moment，at present，now等时间状语，要想到用现在进行时。
练习：The twins (help) their mother do the housework at this moment.
is helping
考点2：如何确定谓语动词的时态
(5)看到since，recently，lately，already，in the last/past few years，so far/up to now，for＋时间段，ever since...等时间状语，要想到用现在完成时。
练习：In the last five years，Cao (walk) through 34 countries in six continents，and in 2016，he reached the top of Kilimanjaro，Africa’s highest mountain.
has walked
考点2：如何确定谓语动词的时态
(6)看到by then，by the end of...等时间状语，要想到用过去完成时。
练习：By about 6000 BC，people (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
had discovered
方法：找并列连词：根据并列连词and，but，or，rather than，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态，并列谓语动词时态要一致。
练习：There，he not only did well as a student but also
(become) an accomplished public speaker.
became
方法：找并列连词：根据并列连词and，but，or，rather than，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态，并列谓语动词时态要一致。
练习：The elephants invaded farms， (visit) a car dealership and even showed up at a retirement home.
visited
(1)was/were doing sth.when sb.did...
(2)had (just) done sth.when＋一般过去时
(3)This/It/That is the first/second...time that sb.have/has done...
(4)This/It/That was the first/second...time that sb.had done...
(5)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时
(6)It’s (high) time that...did/should do sth.
练习：I (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
(2022·山东潍坊测评)This marks the first time that categorical rhythm (find) in a nonhuman mammal.
I say to him with a cheerful smile，“Go to exercise and you _______(feel) better.”
was driving
has been found
will feel
练习：Therefore，it is high time that we
(take) effective measures to improve the current situation.
took/should take
考点3：如何确定谓语动词的语态
方法：(1)分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，若与主语之间是主动关系，应考虑用主动语态；若是被动关系则考虑用被动语态。
(2)被动语态的基本形式为：be＋过去分词
(3)考虑主谓一致
练习：On the last day of our week-long stay，we
(invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore.
(2020·全国Ⅰ)Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University，says，“because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon (construct)．”
were invited
is constructed
练习：Rather，it (see) as a typical reaction to the growing awareness of the problems that can result from climate change and other global threats.
is seen
考点4：主谓一致
语法一致：(1)动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
练习：(2022·浙江1月)Travelling to conferences，lectures，workshops，and the like—frequently by plane— __________(view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
is viewed
考点4：主谓一致
语法一致：(3)and，both...and...连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现时，谓语动词用单数形式。
The poet and writer (have) produced many works，some of which have been translated into foreign languages.
has
考点4：主谓一致
语法一致：(3)如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现时，谓语动词用单数形式。
变式：The poet and the writer (have) produced many works，some of which have been translated into foreign languages.
have
语法一致：(5)“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each，every，no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。
练习：Many a parent (have) to go through this same painful process.
变式：Many parents (have) to go through this same painful process.
has
have
就近一致：(1)由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but (also)．..，not...but...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数通常与最近的主语保持一致。
练习：Not only the students but also their teacher (be) moved deeply by the moving story.
变式：Not only the teacher but also her students (be) moved deeply by the moving story.
was
were
就近一致：(2)由there，here引起的句子中主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最近的主语保持一致。
练习：Even though there (be) more opportunities to go out and do fun things in the city，it may take focus away from your studies.
are
意义一致：(1)集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family，class，team，group等。
练习：The class (be) doing experiment when the teacher came in.
were
意义一致：(2)“the＋形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
练习：The sick been cured and the lost been found.(have)
have
have
意义一致：(3)由分数、百分数或者some，a part of等修饰时，要根据所修饰的名词确定谓语动词的单复数。
练习：(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)Often，only a small part of a museum’s collection __ (be) on display.Most of it is stored away or used for research.
变式：Often，only a small part of collections __ (be) on display.
is
are
02
有提示词——非谓语动词
要点：
要点：
非谓语动词
doing 表主动，表进行
done 表被动，表完成
to do 表目的，表将来
方法：看所填动词和逻辑主语之间的主被动关系
一些常考情况：
（1）动名词、不定式作主语：如果是不具体的抽象的动作一般用-ing形式作主语；如果是具体的动作一般用不定式作主语(一般是放在句尾，it做形式主语)
练习：(2022·山东枣庄二模) (carry) a large quantity of cash could put the owner in danger as robberies quite often happened along the way.
Carrying
一些常考情况：
（2）it做形式主语句型：
It is/was＋形容词(for/of sb.)＋to do sth.
It is no use/good doing sth.
It takes sb.some time to do sth.
It’s worthwhile to do/doing sth.
练习：(2019·全国Ⅲ)On our way to the house，it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take (get) there.
(2021·全国甲)It is possible (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
to get
to walk
（3）现在分词做表语，表示“令人感到......的”，修饰物；过去分词做表语，表示“感到......的”，修饰人、人的表情
复习：系动词有啥？
（1）be动词：am, is, are, was, were
（2）感官动词：look, smell, sound, taste, feel
（3）变化动词：become, get, go, grow, turn
（+adj. 译为“变得”）
复习：系动词有啥？
（4）保持：keep, stay, remain
（+adj. 译为“保持”）
（5）无实义动词：seem, prove, appear
（+adj. 无实际含义，功能类比be动词）
练习：(2018·全国Ⅲ)I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel (challenge).
Bioprinting may be a relatively new field but the results so far are (encourage).
challenged
encouraging
（4）to不是不定式，而是介词，后面加doing，常考如下：
be/get used to习惯于；stick to坚持；object to/be opposed to反对；lead to导致；devote to献身于；be sentenced to被判处……(徒刑)；when it comes to当提及；look forward to盼望；add to加上；get down to着手做；be addicted to对……上瘾；be/get accustomed to习惯于；adjust to/adapt oneself to适应。
练习：I won’t call myself the most accomplished person when it comes to （hold） chopsticks.
He is so addicted to （play） computer games that he can’t focus on studying.
I am looking forward to （achieve）a better result.
holding
playing
achieving
（5）只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语：
avoid，advise，appreciate，allow，admit，consider(考虑)，deny，delay，enjoy，escape，excuse，finish，imagine，mind，miss，permit，practice，quit，risk，suggest，give up，be worth，put off，insist on，keep on，succeed in
练习：Practice (stay) highly aware of your breath，your presence，and your thoughts，and you will be completely yourself.
(2022·江苏常州期末)You may enjoy using it to do research for a school project, ___________(download) your favorite songs or communicating with friends and family.
staying
downloading
（6）只能跟不定式作宾语的动词：
agree，arrange，aim，afford，choose，demand，decide，determine，desire，expect，fail，hope，long(渴望)，learn，manage，offer，pretend，plan，promise，prepare，refuse，want，wish
练习：(2022·浙江1月)That approach brought Cobb’s air travel last year down by 75%，and she plans
(continue) the practice.
to continue
（7）既可跟动名词作宾语，又可跟不定式作宾语但表达含义不同的动词短语：
一般来讲：to表示去做，doing表示做过，
两个特殊短语：
mean to do sth 打算做某事 mean doing sth 意味着做某事
can’t help doing sth 忍不住做某事
can’t help to do sth 不能帮忙做某事
练习：(2018天津)I didn’t mean (eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help (try) it.
to eat
trying
（8）“动词+宾语+宾补”结构：看宾补和宾语之间的主被动关系（主动doing, 被动done）
练习：(2020·全国Ⅲ)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds (surround) the mountain tops，he was reduced to tears.
Most of these individuals are senior citizens in search of new friends and activities to keep themselves (occupy).
surrounding
occupied
（9）with的复合结构：“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构：看宾补和宾语之间的主被动关系（主动doing, 被动done）
练习：(2022·福建泉州质检)With the new snow season
(begin) in China，enthusiastic skiers and snowboarders have been eager to get back on the slopes.
He sat in my room for a few minutes with his eyes (fix) on the poster on the wall.
beginning
fixed
（9）with的复合结构：“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构：看宾补和宾语之间的主被动关系（未做to do）
练习：With so many people (help) us，we are confident that we can finish the task on time.
to help
（10）only to do表示出乎意料的结果
练习：He got up early and hurried to the bus station，only
(find) the early train had gone.
to find
Fill in the blanks:
1. The signal （give）, the bus started.
2. Tom （go）to the teacher's office, Sam went by（路过）.
主从句的逻辑主语不同
主句已经有谓语动词
从句填非谓语动词
非谓语动词形式根据从句逻辑主语判断，主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。
given
going
Fill in the blanks:
1. The signal （give）, the bus started.
2. Tom （go）to the teacher's office, Sam went by（路过）.
Note:
分词的逻辑主语与句子逻辑主语不一致时候，看分词逻辑主语和所填词的主被动关系，主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。
given
going
独立主格
练习：Weather (permit)，we are going to have a picnic.
The president (shoot) to death，the whole country was in deep sorrow.
permitting
shot
（12）独立成分作状语：generally speaking一般来说；judging by/from...根据……来判断；considering...考虑到……；to tell you the truth说实话；given...考虑到……
compared with/to与……相比较；seated=sitting
练习：The girl （seat）next to me is my sister.
The girl （sit）next to me is my sister.
seated
sitting
（12）练习： (judge) from what he said，he was not satisfied with the result.
(give) your health，you’d better resign from the company and go to the seaside to relax yourself.
Judging
Given
Thanks for your listening!
See you next time!中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2023届高三英语高考冲刺阶段专项复习课程讲义5
语法填空常见规律一
有提示词类——动词
考点1：如何确定是否为谓语
方法：句子结构分析法
分析句子结构知此句为简单句，在主语后面要填动词，而且只有这一个动词，则该空格应填谓语动词。
2.分析句子结构知此句为并列句，可知并列词前后两个句子都要有自己的谓语动词，并列前后的动词的时态、语态一致。
3.分析句子结构知此句为复合句，可知主句和从句都要有自己的谓语动词。
练习：(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)The GPNP (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性) of natural ecosystems，preserving biological diversity，protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产) for future generations”．
考点2：如何确定谓语动词的时态
方法：认清常考时态的标志性时间状语
(1)看到often，usually，always，every time，sometimes等时间状语，要想到用一般现在时。
(2)看到yesterday，last year，in 2022，the other day，two days ago，一段时间＋later等时间状语，要想到用一般过去时。
(3)看到tomorrow，next year，in a week，in the future，soon等时间状语，要想到用一般将来时。
(4)看到at this moment，at present，now等时间状语，要想到用现在进行时。
(5)看到since，recently，lately，already，in the last/past few years，so far/up to now，for＋时间段，ever since...等时间状语，要想到用现在完成时。
(6)看到by then，by the end of...等时间状语，要想到用过去完成时。
练习：Every time I go home to see my father，he often (fish) in the river near our village.
Qizai (find) as a weak baby panda in 2009 in Qinling Mountains.
The exam results (put) up tomorrow afternoon.Please wait patiently.
The twins (help) their mother do the housework at this moment.
(2022·全国甲)In the last five years，Cao (walk) through 34 countries in six continents，and in 2016，he reached the top of Kilimanjaro，Africa’s highest mountain.
By about 6000 BC，people (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
方法：找并列连词：根据并列连词and，but，or，rather than，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态，并列谓语动词时态要一致。
练习：There，he not only did well as a student but also (become) an accomplished public speaker.
The elephants invaded farms， (visit) a car dealership and even showed up at a retirement home.
方法：背熟常用句式
(1)was/were doing sth.when sb.did...
(2)had (just) done sth.when＋一般过去时
(3)This/It/That is the first/second...time that sb.have/has done...
(4)This/It/That was the first/second...time that sb.had done...
(5)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时
(6)It’s (high) time that...did/should do sth.
练习：I (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
(2022·山东潍坊测评)This marks the first time that categorical rhythm (find) in a nonhuman mammal.
I say to him with a cheerful smile，“Go to exercise and you ____________(feel) better.”
Therefore，it is high time that we _________(take) effective measures to improve the current situation.
考点3：如何确定谓语动词的语态
方法：(1)分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，若与主语之间是主动关系，应考虑用主动语态；若是被动关系则考虑用被动语态。
(2)被动语态的基本形式为：be＋过去分词，不同形式的被动语态的结构：
现在 过去 将来 过去将来
一般 am/is/are done was/were done shall/will be done should/would be done
进行 am/is/are being done was/were being done — —
完成 have/has been done had been done shall/will have been done should/would have been done
含有情态动词 情态动词＋be＋done
练习：On the last day of our week-long stay，we (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore.
(2020·全国Ⅰ)Carle Pieters，a scientist at Brown University，says，“because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon (construct)．”
Rather，it (see) as a typical reaction to the growing awareness of the problems that can result from climate change and other global threats.
考点4：主谓一致
语法一致：(1)动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
(2)主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to等，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
(3)and，both...and...连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现时，谓语动词用单数形式。
(4)定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词的数要与先行词保持一致。
(5)“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each，every，no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。
就近一致：(1)由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but (also)．..，not...but...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数通常与最近的主语保持一致。
由there，here引起的句子中主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最近的主语保持一致。
意义一致：(1)集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family，class，team，group等。
(2)“the＋形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
(3)由分数、百分数或者some，a part of等修饰时，要根据所修饰的名词确定谓语动词的单复数。
练习：(2022·浙江1月)Travelling to conferences，lectures，workshops，and the like—frequently by plane— __________(view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
(2019·天津改编)Amy，as well as her brothers， (give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
The poet and writer (have) produced many works，some of which have been translated into foreign languages.
My friend showed me around the town，which (be) very attractive.
Many a parent (have) to go through this same painful process.
Not only the students but also their teacher (be) moved deeply by the moving story.
Even though there (be) more opportunities to go out and do fun things in the city，it may take focus away from your studies.
The class (be) doing experiment when the teacher came in.
The sick been cured and the lost been found.(have)
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)Often，only a small part of a museum’s collection _______(be) on display.Most of it is stored away or used for research.
考点5：非谓语动词
要点：
练习：(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ) (cover) an area about three times 57.the size of Yellowstone National Park，the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
要点：非谓语动词形式：
to do 表目的，表将来
doing 表主动，表进行
done 表被动，表完成
方法：看所填动词和逻辑主语之间的主被动关系
一些常考情况：
动名词、不定式作主语：如果是不具体的抽象的动作一般用-ing形式作主语；如果是具体的动作一般用不定式作主语。
练习：(2022·山东枣庄二模) (carry) a large quantity of cash could put the owner in danger as robberies quite often happened along the way.
it做形式主语句型：
It is/was＋形容词(for/of sb.)＋to do sth.；It is no use/good doing sth.
It takes sb.some time to do sth.；It’s worthwhile to do/doing sth.
练习：(2019·全国Ⅲ)On our way to the house，it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take (get) there.
(2021·全国甲)It is possible (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
现在分词做表语，表示“令人感到......的”，修饰物；过去分词做表语，表示“感到......的”，修饰人、人的表情
练习：(2018·全国Ⅲ)I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel (challenge).
Bioprinting may be a relatively new field but the results so far are (encourage).
to不是不定式，而是介词，后面加doing，常考如下：
be/get used to习惯于；stick to坚持；object to/be opposed to反对；lead to导致；devote to献身于；be sentenced to被判处……(徒刑)；when it comes to当提及；look forward to盼望；add to加上；get down to着手做；be addicted to对……上瘾；be/get accustomed to习惯于；adjust to/adapt oneself to适应。
只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语：
avoid，advise，appreciate，allow，admit，consider(考虑)，deny，delay，enjoy，escape，excuse，finish，imagine，mind，miss，permit，practice，quit，risk，suggest，give up，be worth，put off，insist on，keep on，succeed in
只能跟不定式作宾语的动词：
agree，arrange，aim，afford，choose，demand，decide，determine，desire，expect，fail，hope，long(渴望)，learn，manage，offer，pretend，plan，promise，prepare，refuse，want，wish
既可跟动名词作宾语，又可跟不定式作宾语但表达含义不同的动词短语：
一般来讲：to表示去做，doing表示做过，例如：forget to do sth忘记去做某事，forget doing sth忘记做过某事，以下是两个特殊短语：
练习：Practice (stay) highly aware of your breath，your presence，and your thoughts，and you will be completely yourself.
(2022·江苏常州期末)You may enjoy using it to do research for a school project， ___________(download) your favorite songs or communicating with friends and family.
(2022·浙江1月)That approach brought Cobb’s air travel last year down by 75%，and she plans (continue) the practice.
“动词+宾语+宾补”结构：看宾补和宾语之间的主被动关系
练习：(2020·全国Ⅲ)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds (surround) the mountain tops，he was reduced to tears.
Most of these individuals are senior citizens in search of new friends and activities to keep themselves (occupy).
with的复合结构：“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构：看宾补和宾语之间的主被动关系
练习：(2022·福建泉州质检)With the new snow season (begin) in China，enthusiastic skiers and snowboarders have been eager to get back on the slopes.
He sat in my room for a few minutes with his eyes (fix) on the poster on the wall.
With so many people (help) us，we are confident that we can finish the task on time.
only to do表示出乎意料的结果
练习：He got up early and hurried to the bus station，only (find) the early train had gone.
独立主格：若句子的主语不是非谓语动词的逻辑主语，且在该词前有自己的主语，就构成了独立主格结构，常见的形式有：n./pron.+非谓语动词（看所填词和n./pron.的主被动关系）
练习：Weather (permit)，we are going to have a picnic.
The president (shoot) to death，the whole country was in deep sorrow.
（12）独立成分作状语：generally speaking一般来说；judging by/from...根据……来判断；considering...考虑到……；to tell you the truth说实话；given...考虑到……
compared with/to与……相比较；seated=sitting
练习： (judge) from what he said，he was not satisfied with the result.
(give) your health，you’d better resign from the company and go to the seaside to relax yourself.
