2023届甘肃省部分市高三2月一模英语试卷汇编：阅读理解专题（含答案）

2023届甘肃省部分市高三二月英语解析版试卷分类汇编
阅读理解专题
2023届甘肃省兰州市高三第一次诊断考试英语试题
一、阅读理解
Can go skiing in China Yes, of course! At present, there are 770 ski resorts being built in China, and the snowing season can last for 140 days from November to March. Here are the top four ski resorts in China.
Harbin Yabuli Ski Resort
About two and a half hours drive from Harbin downtown, Yabuli Ski Resort is the largest ski resort in China, as well as China’s biggest training center for snow activities. It consists of three mountains and boasts the longest alpine (高山的) ski slope in Asia.
·Opening Dates 2022: 12. Nov 2022-mid-March 2023
·Ticket/pass price: 140 yuan/2 hours, 280 yuan/4 hours, 380 yuan/full day, the price will rise on weekends and holidays.
·Suitable for: beginners, intermediates, experts
Beidahu Ski Resort
Only 33 miles away from the downtown of Jilin City, Beidahu Ski Resort is an important skiing center for both sportsmen and ski lovers. There are 26 ski runs in the resort with a total length of 48km.
·Opening Dates 2022: 12. Nov 2022-mid-Mar 2023
·Ticket/pass price: depending on your skiing hours, usually from CNY 190 (for 4 hours) to CNY 230 (for one day). The price will rise during weekends and holidays.
·Suitable for: intermediates and experts
Wanda Changbaishan International Ski Resort
Among the original forest of Changbaishan Mountains Nature Reserve, Wanda Changbaishan International Ski Resort is a great place to go skiing with beautiful natural scenery. It has great snow quality which is close to that of France and North Italy.
·Opening Dates 2022: 15. Nov 2022-mid-Mar 2023
·Ticket/pass price: CNY 300-CNY780
·Suitable for: intermediates and experts
Songhua Lake Ski Resort
Songhua Lake Ski Resort, located in Fengman Economic Zone, Jilin, is famous as an urban ski resort in China, and is just 19 kilometers away from the city center. Songhua Lake Ski Resort occupies a total of 175 sq. m skiing area, which has a capacity of 8, 000 for skiing.
·Opening Dates 2022: 12. Nov 2022-mid-Mar 2023
·Ticket/pass price: from CNY470
·Suitable for: all ages skiers and families with young kids
1．What do we know about Harbin Yabuli Ski Resort
A．It is suitable for all ages skiers.
B．It is located in an economic zone.
C．It is surrounded by the original forest.
D．It is the biggest ski resort in our country.
2．What is special about Wanda Changbaishan International Ski Resort
A．Its opening dates. B．Its great snow quality.
C．Its low ticket price. D．Its satisfactory service.
3．Which ski resort should Mr. and Mrs. Smith go to if they want to take their children with them
A．Harbin Yabuli Ski Resort.
B．Beidahu Ski Resort.
C．Wanda Changbaishan International Ski Resort.
D．Songhua Lake Ski Resort.
While diving in the Mediterranean with his daughters, Enzo was in the water preparing to dive. He felt a gentle push on his back and turned to see a male dolphin waving to him. The dolphin dived, and Enzo followed. About 12 meters down, Enzo was led to the dolphin’s mate, who had become trapped in a fishing net and would soon drown. Enzo quickly surfaced and returned with his daughters and a couple of diving knives. They freed the dolphin and helped her to the surface.
Although Enzo held several free-diving records-his deepest dive without the aid of breathing equipment was 101 meters, it was the lives of sea creatures that concerned him most. Enzo devoted his life to educating the world about the link between healthy seas and healthy humans. He often quoted Vangelis: “Until a man learns to respect and speak to the animal world, he can never know his true role on Earth. ”
Enzo recalls of his dolphin rescue: “As soon as she (the female dolphin) was on the surface, after breathing out foam (泡沫)and blood, she gave birth to a dolphin calf (幼崽)under the watchful eyes of her mate. ” Enzo and his daughters felt greatly surprised at the miracle they had just witnessed. While they were still in the water, the male dolphin circled around and touched its beak(喙)to Enzo’s cheek, like a kiss of gratitude.
The world is full of opportunities that lead to miracles if we only follow those pushes. Next door is a neighbor who needs a smile and a conversation, a child who needs a little comfort, or a young mom who just witnessed her own miracle and would love to share it with you.
4．Why did the dolphin approach Enzo
A．To make friends with him. B．To ask for help.
C．To play with his daughters. D．To warn him of the danger.
5．How does Enzo make us know the importance of animals
A．By listing figures.
B．By giving examples.
C．By making comparisons.
D．By using a famous man’s words.
6．What amazed Enzo and his daughters
A．The birth of a baby dolphin.
B．The gratitude from the dolphins.
C．The intelligence of the male dolphin.
D．The friendliness of the female dolphin.
7．Which is the most suitable title for the text
A．The Love Between Animals Is Admirable
B．A Kind Man Dived Deep to Rescue a Dolphin
C．Dolphins Are Very Friendly towards Humans
D．We Should Attach Importance to Dolphin’s Health
Ministers will offer rewards such as clothes vouchers (票卷) and discounted theme park tickets in return for exercising and eating healthily, under plans to solve Britain’s obesity crisis.
The anti-obesity project, which uses an app to help people make changes to their diet and physical activity, will launch in 2023, initially in a pilot (试验性的) project. Participants will wear Fitbit-style devices that can generate personalized health recommendations, such as increasing their step count, eating more fruit and vegetables and reducing portion (分量) size. Those increasing their exercise by taking part in organized events such as parkruns or walking to school or work may accumulate extra points in the app. The app could also be used to monitor supermarket spending, rewarding those who cut their calorie intake and buy healthier options. Participants will collect points for their healthy behaviors, which will unlock rewards that could include gym passes, clothes or food vouchers and discounts for shops, cinema or theme park tickets.
After a competitive tender (投标) process, HeadUp has been chosen to deliver the project, with 3 million pounds coming from the Department of Health and Social Care to provide incentives in the pilot. Evidence suggests financial incentives can improve rates of physical activity and inspire healthier eating. HeadUp will work with a range of organizations to provide rewards such as the vouchers, discounts and gift cards. Sajid Javid, the health secretary, said: “This new pilot will pave the way for developing innovative ways to improve the lives of individuals, and also help to reduce stress on the National Health Services (NHS). This pilot is an excellent opportunity to find how best to inspire people to make small changes to their daily lives that will have a lasting positive impact on their health. ”
8．What’s the purpose of introducing the anti-obesity project
A．To protect people’s health.
B．To help people save money.
C．To encourage research in education.
D．To find a cure for obesity-related illnesses.
9．What can we know from the second paragraph
A．The project has been proven to be very successful.
B．Participants will unlock the rewards by using the app.
C．Participants will be rewarded if they live a healthy lifestyle.
D．Participants will lose weight when they wear Fitbit-style devices.
10．What does the underlined word “incentives” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Data.
B．Suggestions.
C．Rewards.
D．Products.
11．What’s Sajid Javid’s attitude towards the anti-obesity project
A．Negative.
B．Positive.
C．Indifferent.
D．Not clear.
Researchers have designed a 4D-printed soft robot that self-assembles (自动组装) when heated and can take on challenging tasks like rolling uphill and navigating an unpredictable landscape.
“Like an insect with antennae (天线), the robot can overcome a small obstacle. But when the obstacle is too high, it will turn back and never come back,” says senior author Wei Feng, a materials scientist at Tianjin University in China. “The whole process is finished by itself without human’s control.”
When the surface beneath it is heated, the robot form a tube like a spring. The change in shape adds time as a fourth dimension (维度)to the printing process, making it 4D．
Once the robot forms a tube, the contact from the hot surface causes a response in the material, which causes it to roll in one direction. The driving force behind this motion is so strong that the robot can climb up a 20° incline (斜度) or even carry a load 40 times its own weight. The length of the robot affects its speed, with longer robots rolling faster than the shorter ones.
The researchers caught videos showing off the robot’s skills, including a race between differently sized robots and another robot carrying a cart. The videos also show how its behavior changes based on its surroundings, with the robot either climbing up a step or changing directions when encountering a difficult obstacle.
For Feng, the behavior of the robot came as a surprise. He says, “We found many interesting driving phenomena besides the change of shape.” In the future, these soft robots may be used to perform work in small, limited places like in a pipe. “We hope that soft robots will no longer be limited to simple actuators (驱动器), which can only change shape in a fixed position,” says Feng.
12．What will the robot do when an obstacle is beyond its reach
A．Give up reaching it.
B．Go back to ask for help.
C．Search for another one.
D．Turn to the people around.
13．What will happen when the robot is heated
A．It will become a spring.
B．It will change faster.
C．It will change its shape.
D．It will be out of control.
14．What can affect the rolling speed of the robot
A．How heavy it is.
B．How long it is.
C．What it looks like.
D．What direction it rolls in.
15．How does Feng expect the robot to become
A．More beautiful.
B．More accessible.
C．More convenient.
D．More powerful.
2023届甘肃省酒泉市高三一模英语试题
一、阅读理解
Get involved with our research
Some of our research projects depend on how generous people like you are. Whether it’s using your home PC, taking part in a medical experiment or simply volunteering your time for a study, you may be able to help some of the creative projects which make the University of Oxford a world leader in research. Watch this space for ways in which you could get involved.
Seeking poor sleepers for sleeplessness research
Trouble sleeping We are looking for poor sleepers between the ages of 18 and 65. The activity will involve spending overnights in the sleep laboratory at Oxford, testing your sleep/wake cycle, and completing the tasks on the computer. If you are interested, please contact the research team at sleeplessness@ndcn.ox.ac.uk.
Volunteers with lazy eye (弱视) wanted
We are looking for volunteers aged 18-45 with a history of lazy eye to take part in our brain scanning (扫描) study, You will also be asked questions about your medical history to check if you are suitable for an MRI (核磁共振) scan. Call 01865 223622 for more information.
Oxford Vaccine (疫苗) Group
The Oxford Vaccine Group is an independent medical experiment group. OVG works towards the goal of developing new and improved vaccines for the prevention of infection in adults and children. To get more information, please see the OVG website.
Oxford experimental lab for the Social Sciences
The Oxford Internet Institute, together with the Business School, needs some people to participate in computer-based experiments involving online surfing behavior as well as something about economy and politics. We treat our subjects well, there are no special skills required and you don’t have to come to the lab in person. Contact us at socialscience.study@ox.ac.uk for more information.
1．How can you get more information about the project “Volunteers with lazy eye wanted”
A．By calling 01865 223622.
B．By seeing the OVG website.
C．By surfing the website: sleeplessness@ndcn.ox.ac.uk.
D．By referring to the website: socialscience.study@ox.ac.uk.
2．What should you do if you volunteer for sleeplessness research
①Have your brain scanned.
②Finish the tasks on the computer.
③Have your sleep/wake cycle tested.
④Spend overnights in the sleep laboratory.
⑤Answer questions about your surfing behavior.
A．③④⑤ B．②③④ C．②④⑤ D．①④⑤
3．What will be involved in the project “Oxford experimental lab for the Social Sciences”
A．Medical history.
B．Examining your eyes.
C．Vaccines for prevention of infection.
D．Finance and politics.
I left university with a good degree in English Literature, but no sense of what I wanted to do. Over the next six years, I was treading water(停滞不前), just trying to earn an income. I tried journalism, but I didn’t think I was any good, then finance, which I hated. Finally, I got a job as a rights assistant at a famous publisher. I loved working with books, although the job that I did was dull.
I had enough savings to take a year off work, and I decided to try to satisfy a deep-down wish to write a novel. Attending a Novel Writing MA course gave me the structure I needed to write my first 55,000 words.
It takes confidence to make a new start—there’s a dark period in-between where you’re neither one thing nor the other. You’re out for dinner and people ask what you do, and you’re too ashamed to say, “Well, I’m writing a novel, but I’m not quite sure if I’m going to get there.” My confidence dived. Believing my novel could not be published, I put it aside.
Then I met an agent(代理商) who said I should send my novel out to agents. So, I did and, to my surprise, got some wonderful feedback. I felt a little hope that I might actually become a published writer and, after signing with an agent, I finished the second half of the novel.
The next problem was finding a publisher. After two-and-a-half years of no income, just waiting and wondering, a publisher offered me a book deal—that publisher turned out to be the one I once worked for.
It feels like an unbelievable stroke of luck—of fate, really. When you set out to do something different, there’s no end in sight, so to find myself in a position where I now have my own name on a contract(合同) of the publisher—to be a published writer—is unbelievably rewarding.
4．Why did the author decide to write a novel
A．Because she hated her previous jobs.
B．Because her parents and friends had encouraged her to do so.
C．Because she wanted to pursue her own dream of writing a novel.
D．Because she graduated from university with a good degree in English Literature.
5．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 mean
A．She became less stubborn.
B．She became more stubborn.
C．She suddenly lost confidence.
D．She gradually gained confidence.
6．Who agreed to publish the author’s first novel
A．An agent who she signed with.
B．A rights assistant she once worked with.
C．An agent who advised her to send her novel out to agents.
D．A publisher who she once worked for as a rights assistant.
7．Which of the following words can best describe the author’s experience as a writer
A．Tough but rewarding. B．Interesting and smooth.
C．Difficult but thrilling. D．Complicated and fruitless.
People have different ways of dealing with a common cold. Some take over-the-counter(非处方的)medicines such as aspirin while others try popular home remedies(治疗)like herbal tea or chicken soup. Yet, here is the tough truth about the common cold: nothing really cures you of it.
So why do people sometimes believe that their remedies work According to James Taylor, professor at the University of Washington, colds usually go away on their own in about a week, improving a little each day after symptoms peak, so it’s easy to believe it’s medicine rather than time that deserves the credit.
It still seems hard to believe that we can deal with more serious diseases yet we are powerless against something so common as a cold. Recently, scientists came closer to figuring out why. To understand it, you first need to know how antiviral(抗病毒的)drugs work. They attack the virus by attaching to and changing the surface structures of the virus. To do that, the drug must fit and lock into the virus like the right piece of a jigsaw(拼图), which means scientists have to identify the virus and build a 3D model to study its surface before they can design an antiviral drug that is effective enough.
The two cold viruses that scientists had long known about were rhinovirus(鼻病毒)A and B．But they didn’t find out about the existence of a third virus, rhinovirus C until 2006.All three of them contribute to the common cold, but drugs that work well against rhinovirus A and B have little effect when used against rhinovirus C．
“This explains most of the previous failures of drug trials against rhinoviruses,” study leader Professor Ann C．Palmenberg at the University of Wiscons in Madison, US, told Scienc Daily.
Now, more than 10 years after the discovery of rhinovirus C, scientists have finally built a highly detailed 3D model of the virus, showing that the surface of the virus is, as expected,different from that of other cold viruses.
With the model in hand, hopefully a real cure for a common cold is on its way. Soon, we may no longer have to waste our money on medicines that don’t really work.
8．Which of the following is NOT the way people usually deal with a common cold
A．Eating chicken soup. B．Taking aspirin.
C．Taking exercise. D．Drinking herbal tea.
9．What are antiviral drugs supposed to do
A．To fit and lock into the cold virus.
B．To exactly copy the cold viruses.
C．To prevent colds from developing into serious diseases.
D．To absorb different kinds of cold viruses at the same time.
10．What do scientists still need to find out
A．Why drugs for treating a common cold sometimes fail.
B．Why the surfaces of different viruses are different.
C．How to build a detailed 3D model of rhinovirus C．
D．How we can effectively fight against rhinovirus C．
11．What does the author think of the usual remedies to treat a common cold
A．Effective. B．Fruitless. C．Expensive. D．Worthwhile.
NEW DELHI—Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi Tuesday inspected the bridge collapse site in the western state of Gujarat, where more than 100 people were killed, officials said. Ahead of the visit, Modi chaired a high-level meeting on Monday night during which he was briefed about rescue efforts.
The century-old British-era pedestrian suspension bridge (吊桥) collapsed on Sunday evening, with hundreds of people falling into Machchhu River in Morbi town, about 241 km west of the capital city, Gandhinagar. Reports said that 177 people were rescued and over 100 people were undergoing treatment at the Morbi civil hospital.
Soon after the bridge visit, Modi reached the civil hospital in Morbi to meet the injured. The prime minister was seen asking the survivors about their health. According to officials, search and rescue operations, carried out by teams of the State Disaster Response Force and the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), the Indian navy, the Indian air force and the Indian army, were called off (取消) on Monday evening and began again on Tuesday morning. Officials said Modi also met with those involved in rescue and relief operations.
The local government of Gujarat has already ordered an investigation into the deadly collapse of the bridge. The bridge is a popular tourist attraction in the area. It was shut for renovation (整修) for seven months and was open for the public on Oct 26, the Gujarati New Year.
Reports said that around 500 people, much beyond its capacity, were on the suspension bridge at the time when it crashed into the river.
Police have arrested nine people including officials of Oreva, the company that carried out the repair work, ticket sellers and security men. However, the owners of the company have not been arrested. Oreva group is actually a Gujarat-based watchmaker company. Reports said that the watchmaker reportedly outsourced (转包) the “technical aspect of the renovation” to a smaller construction company, Devprakash Solutions.
Oreva has been accused of violating multiple safety rules, leading to the huge tragedy just four days after the bridge reopened to the public. Questions have been raised over why Oreva with no experience in construction was given responsibility for maintaining a bridge.
12．What did Modi first do after hearing the bridge collapse
A．He paid a visit to the bridge.
B．He held and took charge of a meeting.
C．He went to see the injured in the hospital.
D．He met with those involved in rescue and relief operations.
13．How can we evaluate the bridge before it collapsed
A．It was too old to repair well.
B．It was maintained very well.
C．It had a safety risk.
D．It was solid enough.
14．What can replace the underlined word “violating” in the last paragraph
A．Making. B．Obeying. C．Breaking. D．Replacing.
15．Which can serve as the best title for the news report
A．Indian PM inspects site of deadly bridge collapse
B．Police arrest security men after bridge collapse
C．Modi is briefed about rescue efforts after bridge collapse
D．Around 500 people are on suspension bridge when it collapses
2023届甘肃省武威市高三第一次联考英语试题
一、阅读理解
There are some interesting activities. Have you heard of the following events
Sheep shearing (修剪)
It’s a big sport in New Zealand, which proudly hosts the annual Golden Shears International Shearing and Woolhandling Championships. Held in the town of Masterton in March, the four-day event seeks to identify the world’s fastest sheep shearer. The event is not all about shearing; live bands bring a party atmosphere to it. It’s attractive to many tourists.
Lucha libre
It’s a form of freestyle wrestling with a devoted fan base in its native petitors are famous for their well-made masks, which keep their identities a secret. That’s until they are defeated in the wrestling, which often requires losers to show their faces. Don’t forget to bring some loose change. When viewers are impressed by a victorious wrestler, they throw money at him. You may enjoy the event once a year.
Lawnmower (割草机)racing
This annual sport now has its own governing body-the British Lawn Mower Racing Association. It has a 30-race championship that runs from May to October. Most races are part of larger rural events, such as the Cranleigh Show in Surrey, where viewers can experience other events. The association remains uncommercial and donates all profits to organizations that help people who are poor, sick, or in difficulties.
Wife carrying
Every year a small town of Sonkaj rvi in Finland hosts the event: the International Wife Carrying Championships. During this competition, husbands have to carry their wives along the track which is 250 m long and features several barriers on land and a one meter deep water pool. Two couples start at the same time and run as fast as they can. The winning couple is the one that completes the course in the shortest time.
1．What are the viewers advised to do while watching lucha libre
A．Wear a mask. B．Cheer for the loser.
C．Look at the wrestler’s face. D．Carry some loose change.
2．Which event is related to charity work
A．Sheep shearing. B．Lawnmower racing.
C．Lucha libre. D．Wife carrying.
3．What do the events have in common
A．They are international sports. B．They are held in rural areas.
C．They are held annually. D．They are uncommercial.
Shawn Triplett, who now works as a volunteer at a local elementary school, was recently helping out at a shelter when he witnessed a damaging interaction between a mom and her young child after they had been displaced by the tornadoes.
“I saw a child crying in his mother’s arms. She was crying too, but you could tell she was doing her best to look strong,” he recalls. “The boy told his mom, ‘I’ve lost my Christmas.’ It was at that moment that I broke down and had to walk outside.”
After taking a night to think about how he could best help, Triplett decided to ask friends and family to donate money so he could buy toys for the children who were impacted.
“I was going to give them back their Christmas,” he explained. “There was so much support in the community for water, generators and food, but nobody was thinking about the kids. At least, not in the way it should be, so close to Christmas.”
Triplett ended up launching a GoFundMe page to help purchase holiday gifts for the children, which quickly spread on social media. Since launching the page three days ago, he had raised over $44,000. He also partnered with the local supermarket, which provided a 25% discount on all purchases for him.
While the toys were fully covered by the donors, Triplett said he had been footing the bill for wrapping paper. He planned to deliver the gifts in person in a Santa costume closer to Christmas. “We chose to wrap them so that the kids get the full experience of what Christmas should be,” he said. “We’re doing everything we can to normalize a traumatic (创伤的) experience for them, even if just for a few hours.”
4．What inspired Triplett to make an effort to help children
A．A mother’s demand.
B．A volunteer’s appeal.
C．A young boy’s words.
D．His childhood experiences.
5．How would Triplett help the children
A．By purchasing school supplies.
B．By giving them a normal festival.
C．By launching more GoFundMe pages.
D．By sending them necessities of living.
6．What did the local supermarket do for Triplett
A．It did the delivery work for him.
B．It provided all the supplies.
C．It offered free wrapping paper.
D．It took some money off his cost.
7．What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A．Triplett made full use of the money he got.
B．Triplett ensured the gifts to be more valuable.
C．Triplett tried to make kids have a normal Christmas.
D．Triplett had normalized the traumatic experience for kids.
Horseback riding might not seem like a typical New York City activity, but one program has several horse farms throughout the city’s busy districts. GallopNYC provides lessons to veterans(老兵) and people with disabilities — horseback riding is their therapy(疗法).
Olivia Diver visits the GallopNYC location in the Howard Beach neighborhood in Queens. Diver has only been riding horses for a few months, but says she’s already felt the benefits. “It helped me come out of my comfort zone and be less shy and less in my shell,” she said. Trying something new shows her she can accomplish other things as well.
James Wilson,executive director at GallopNYC, says there are many ways horses can be therapeutic. “The horse sees the world in the way somebody with post-traumatic stress disor-der (PTSD) might see the world, in a really guarded, sort of anxious way,” he explained. “So,somebody with PTSD and a horse can sort of partner together and see the world in the same way and kind of take care of each other.” Horses can also help with physical disabilities. After two years of therapeutic riding, a teenager, who had so little core strength that his mother had to be in the bathtub with him, had enough core strength that he could be in the shower by himself. Wilson said, “The movement of the horse will loosen up muscles that might be really tight. And the movement helps stimulate other body parts and other muscles that you might not use. ”
“CallopNYC has about 1,000 people on is waitlist for lessons, but prioritizes people with disabilities and veterans. We believe that everybody benefits from the time on a horse, so if you want to ride a horse, come on, let’s go,” Wilson said. Lessons are $55, but the non-profit fundraises to help cover or lower the cost for customers who may need support.
8．Why does GallopNYC offer the lessons
A．To make horse riding typical in NYC．
B．To provide part-time jobs for veterans.
C．To promote disabled people’s incomes.
D．To offer a cure to special groups.
9．What can we infer about Olivia Diver
A．She has learned new life skills.
B．She has found her comfort zone.
C．She has gained much confidence.
D．She has changed her attitude to horses.
10．What does paragraph 3 intend to show
A．GallopNYC’s leader. B．The effect of the therapy.
C．Profit James Wilson has got. D．Ways of guarding people’s anxiety.
11．What does Wilson think of the program according to the last paragraph
A．It is well received. B．It is highly profitable.
C．It needs to be more creative. D．It takes ages to see the results.
Science reporting on climate change does lead Americans to adopt more accurate beliefs and support government action on the issue, but these gains are fragile, a new study suggests. Researchers found that these accurate beliefs fade quickly when people are exposed to coverage skeptical of climate change.
“It is not the case that the American public does not respond to scientifically informed reporting when they are exposed to it,” said Thomas Wood, associate professor of political science at the Ohio State University. “But even truly accurate science reporting recedes from people’s frame of reference very quickly.”
Results showed that accurate science reporting didn’t persuade only politicians and people who initially rejected human-caused climate change also had their opinions shifted by reading accurate articles. The study involved 2,898 online participants who participated in four waves of the experiment during the fall of 2020.
In the first wave, they all read authentic articles in the popular media that provided information reflecting the seientifie views on climate change. In the second and third waves, they read either another scientific article, an opinion article that was skeptical of climate science, or an article on an unrelated subjeet. In the fourth wave, the participants simply were asked their beliefs about the science of climate change and their policy attitudes.
To rate participants’ scientific understanding. the researchers asked after each wave if they believed that climate change is happening and has a human cause. To measure their attitudes, researchers asked participants if they favored government action on climate change and if they favored renewable energy.
“What we found suggests that people need to hear the same accurate messages about climate change again and again. If they only hear it once, it recedes very quickly,” Wood said. It was significant that accurate reporting had positive effects on all groups, including those who originally rejected climate change. But it was even more encouraging that it affected attitudes.
12．What does the underlined word “recedes” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Increases. B．Graduates. C．Disappears. D．Strikes.
13．What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us
A．The research object. B．The research result.
C．The research purpose. D．The research procedure.
14．Why did researchers ask participants the second question
A．To survey the government’s satisfaction rate.
B．To make an assessment on their attitudes.
C．To teach them scientific understanding.
D．To measure action on climate change.
15．What can be the best title for the text
A．Science Report Of Climate Change Can Affect Minds
B．Online Participants Joined In A Four-Wave Experiment
C．Accurate Science Reporting Don’t Persuade Only Politicians
D．People Should Hear Accurate Messages About Climate Change
2023届甘肃省张掖市高三下学期第一次全市联考英语试题
一、阅读理解
The Best Eco-Friendly Gifts
For the eco-conscious, we’ve rounded up our favorite eco-friendly gifts to send to your love.
Reusable Produce Bags (Price: $ 33)
Website:
This pack of seven teusable bags are plastic free and made from 100 percent biodegradable cotton. The set includes one cotton net bag, three produce bags, and three food bag. Double stitching and durable seams mean these bags are built to last, and they’re machine washable for easy cleaning.
Wood Bookmarks with Tassels (Price; $ 25)
Website: Etsy. com
Teachers often like to hand out small gifts to students at the end of the year, and this set of wooden bookmarks is a sustainable, affordable way to let students know you care. (Plus, they’re a great reminder to read over holiday breaks!) The bookmarks come with colorful tassels as well, making it easy to mark your place while reading.
Personalized Notebook (Price: $ 13)
Website:
This customizable journal is a great gift to jot down notes, used as a daily thought journal, or as a place to keep travel memories or even grocery lists. The cover is made from eco-friendly heavy cotton paper. The pages are recycled cartridge paper that’s perfect for fountain pens and ink as well as other media.
Greener Bamboo Cutting Board (Price: $ 90)
Website: Amazon. com
This bamboo cutting board is naturally bacteria resistant and made from 100 percent Moso bamboo that’s grown in organic soil. One side of the board has a deep juice-catching groove that’s perfect for capturing juices as you cut. After cutting, simply flip the board to the other side for a beautiful presentation large enough for veggie arrangements, watermelon, and more.
1．What can remind you to read
A．Reusable Produce Bags. B．Personalized Notebook.
C．Wood Bookmarks with Tassels. D．Greener Bamboo Cutting Board.
2．Which may offer more information about kitchen tools
A．Etsy. com. B．. C．. D．Amazon. com.
3．What do the listed gifts have in common
A．They all are expensive. B．They are popular with students.
C．They are made of cotton paper. D．They are sustainable and eco-friendly.
When young, I loved going on trail（小路） runs. It was my favorite way to escape stress. So, when I was back in my hometown after a tough first year of my Ph. D．program, I thought a trail run was just what I needed. But instead of helping me relax, the run did just the opposite.
After I moved to the city for college, where my runs were on flat concrete paths instead of winding dirt trails, I used a GPS watch. When I went on trail runs again in the country, it constantly reminded me of the fact that I wasn’t keeping up with my usual pace. I turned my watch off, thinking that would allow me to enjoy my surroundings and find the peace I expected, but I worried I was underperforming. “Why can’ t I let go and just enjoy myself ” I wondered. But after some introspection（反省）, I realized why I was struggling—both on trail runs and in graduate school.
Going into my Ph. D．, I had thought that my solid undergraduate track record would set me up for instant success. To my surprise, I was wrong. I lacked confidence in my research abilities which I thought stopped me performing well and I constantly felt my progress was too slow. Other students’ self-confidence and their excellent results made me feel insecure. Finally, one day I broke down in tears in my adviser’ s office.
Then came my visit home: I was having trouble because I hadn’ t properly adjusted my expectations to the differences between an urban run and a trail run.
A Ph. D．is like a trail run: Sometimes you can run fast. Sometimes you might find yourself climbing up a steep, winding trail at a snail’ s pace. And that’ s OK. Barriers are unavoidable, and success looks and feels different on a challenging trail than it does on a smooth, flat path. Sometimes it’ s best to take a deep breath and do your best to meet the challenge.
4．How did the author feel when he was on trail runs again
A．Relaxed. B．Tired.
C．Anxious. D．Happy.
5．What resulted in the author’ s poor performance in Ph. D
A．His lack of confidence. B．His lack of hard work.
C．His poor research abilities. D．His poor track record.
6．What does the author want to show in the last paragraph
A．His desire for success. B．His confidence of trail runs.
C．His expectations in his study. D．His realization after the trail run.
7．What does the author want to tell us
A．Failure is the mother of success.
B．Working out regularly is beneficial.
C．It’ s important to make necessary adjustments.
D．It’ s vital to turn to others for help.
Elephants are often seen comforting upset individual elephants with a gentle touch of their trunks reportedly. It’s one thing to witness something that looks like comforting behavior, but another thing to prove that this is what elephants are doing. Now, scientists have shown that Asian elephants do indeed get upset when they see others in trouble, and they reach out to comfort them. Elephants, thus, join the list of other animals, including dogs, wolves and some birds, which have been shown to do so.
Elephants’ responses to stress are difficult to explore because one has to wait for opportunities for these arising naturally in the wild. However, Joshua Plotnik, a scientist at Mahidol University in Thailand got around this problem. He compared Asian elephants’ behaviors during times of stress to those during periods when little upsets them. For 1 to 2 weeks every month for nearly a year, Plotnik spent 30 to 180 minutes daily watching and recording the behavior of 26 Asian elephants living in Elephant Natural Park in northern Thailand.
Other researchers have previously shown that when upset, an elephant moves its ears and raises its tail; it may also make a low sound to show its stress. “When elephants in the park see an elephant behaving in this manner, they typically respond by feeling the same emotion,” Plotnik said, “just as we do when watching a scary movie together. If an actor is frightened, our hearts race and we reach for each other’s hands — a reaction known as ‘emotional contagion’ .”
“But more studies are needed, preferably in wild populations,” Plotnik said. “What is unclear is whether these responses primarily benefit the upset animals, or the res-ponders,” Shermin de Silva, a behavioral ecologist, said. However, the study “provides a very interesting first exploration into the behavior of elephants suffering from stress,” said Graeme Shannon, a scientist at Colorado State University.
8．What does the underlined phrase “got around” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Overcame. B．Faced. C．Found. D．Raised.
9．Why did Plotnik mention the “watching a scary movie” situation
A．To explain a rule. B．To present a fact.
C．To clarify a concept. D．To support a conclusion.
10．What can be inferred about the study according to the last paragraph
A．It has some limitations. B．It confirms a prediction.
C．It benefits future studies. D．It is thought worthless.
11．Which can be the best title for the text
A．Elephants copy comforting behavior B．Elephants ask for comfort when in trouble
C．Elephants are easily in low spirits D．Elephants understand their companions’ feelings
The Food and Drug Administration, citing an epidemic of diet-related illness, released new guidelines (准则) Wednesday aimed at reducing the amount of salt that of Americans consumes at restaurants, school cafeterias and trucks, or when they are eating packaged and prepared foods at home. The guidelines targeted manufactures that sell foods made from grains as well as potato chips and French fries.
The recommendations, issued after years of delay, seek to reduce the average daily sodium intake step by step—sodium is the chemical name for salt—by 12% over the next two-and-a half years by encouraging food manufacturers, restaurants and food service companies to scale back their use of salt.
That goal translates into 3,000 milligrams of salt—slightly more than 1 teaspoon—compared to the 3,400 milligrams that Americans typically consume in a day. American’s love affair with salty foods has been inked to alarmingly high rates of high blood pressure, a leading risk factor for heart attacks, strokes and kidney failure.
Much of the excess sodium that Americans consume, about 70% comes from processed and packaged food and meals served at restaurants, according to researcher. The guidance will apply to 163 categories of processed and packaged food and provide different targets for, say, rye bread, salad dressing and baby food.
Nutritionists and public health experts praised the FDA for taking on the problem of excess sodium, saying the effort would help sharpen the public’s focus on the dangers of taking in too much salt and create pressure on food companies to reduce their reliance on salt as a cheap flavor booster.
But many said that voluntary measures were unlikely to move the needle very much. Some experts have suggested compulsory reductions. Dr. Dariush Mozaffarian from Tufts University said a recent study in China suggested the FDA should be firmer with its guidelines. The study showed people who used a salt replacement reduced their chances of stroke and heart problems compared to those who used regular salt. Mozaffarian said the effect of the sodium guidelines will depend on how well the FDA monitors food companies and their progress.
12．What is true about the FDA’s guidance about salt cut
A．It involves all food companies. B．It concerns homemade food.
C．It will be carried out gradually. D．It will be followed strictly.
13．What do the underlined words “move the needle” mean in the last paragraph
A．Encourage people to eat out. B．Threaten the food companies.
C．Replace the tradition. D．Bring about changes.
14．Why is China mentioned in the last paragraph
A．To persuade the FDA to be patient. B．To prove the effect of less salt intake.
C．To praise China for its action. D．To introduce a salt replacement.
15．What are the last two paragraphs mainly about
A．Disproval of the FDA guidelines. B．Reactions to the FDA guidelines.
C．Anticipation of the FDA guidelines. D．Approaches to the FDA guidelines.
2023届甘肃省定西市高三年级下学期教学质量检测英语试题
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Four Pre-College Summer Science Programs
Sustainable Animal Husbandry(畜牧业)
This 3-week program is worth attending! In addition to some lectures and class discussions, students will also tour a variety of animal farms, practice animal handling techniques, and learn about the relationships between domestic animals and humans.
Where: Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
How Much: $ 6,310 including tuition and room &. board
Biological Research and the Health Professions
You will spend six weeks exploring different aspects of life as a researcher or doctor in this program. Activities include dissecting(解剖)a chicken with a world-famous zoologist, learning about non-traditional medical therapies, measuring electrical communication signals in living fish, talking with a top cancer researcher, and much, much more.
Where: Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
How Much: $12,825 including tuition and room & board
Clark Scholars Program
The seven-week summer research program offers students an opportunity for hands-on practical research with leading researchers and members of Texas Tech University. This unique opportunity, which includes weekly discussions and field trips, also pays students a $ 750 tax-free stipend(津贴)and provides room and board．
Where: Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
How Much: Students receive a $750 tax-free stipend
Program in Mathematics for Young Scientists
Mathematics is an important part of science, and this 6-week ‘program is the perfect summer program for ambitious and motivated students to improve their math skills. They’ll team up with other students, research mathematicians, and professors, and visit scientists for a typical day of number theory(数论)lectures, seminars, independent and group work and research, hands-on experiments, and plenty of fun activities.
Where: Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
How Much: $ 6,600 including tuition and room &. board
1. What can we learn about the program—Sustainable Animal Husbandry
A. You can learn about non-traditional medical therapies.
B. You can have a better understanding of domestic animals.
C. It takes place in Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.
D. You can visit scientists for a typical day of number theory lectures.
2. Which program best suits a student who shows interest in medicine
A. Clark Scholars Program.
B. Sustainable Animal Husbandry.
C. Program in Mathematics for Young Scientists.
D. Biological Research and the Health Professions.
3. How much should you pay if you intend to join in the program in mathematics
A. $750. B. $6,310. C. $6,600. D. $12,825.
B
My grandfather was a rigid (刻板的) perfectionist. Everything had to be orderly, precise and punctual. I was frightened of him until the day he died. Growing up, my mother desperately wanted to please him. She probably thought he might leave if she didn’t.
In fact, I now think the fear of being left alone, abandoned, was a current throughout much of her life. A few years into my father suffering from Alzheimer’s, my mother’s voice on the phone sounded so upset that I had to tell her, “Just be with yourself for a little while. Be calm and everything can be better.”
“No, I can’t do that. I don’t want to do that,” she said suddenly, closing the door on the subject. A while after my father died, she told me that she kept the television on all the time because it made her feel less lonely. “It makes the house seem to have more people living in it,” she said. I had given in to my annoyance and either turned the volume down or turned it off. But after she told me that it filled in some of the loneliness, I never reached for the remote control again.
We have had a long journey together, she and I. Over a half-century of memories, now that the journey has ended, I have a choice which ones to study and which ones to turn over in my hands and dust off (抹去).
I choose to look at the ones that ache with a sweet truth not told often enough. There was love between us. It was just hard to find sometimes. I choose to remember her face on that winter day in Manhattan, when I came to her with a broken heart. I choose to remember walking on the shore with her in summers when we rented a beach house. Somehow the sea always changed us. I choose to remember how she looked on my wedding day when she handed me a bracelet (手镯) that had belonged to my grandmother. “Something old,” she said.
4. What can we infer from the author’s words said to her mother in paragraph 2
A. The author comforted her.
B. The author praised her.
C. The author apologized to her.
D. The author blamed her.
5. Why did the author never reach for the remote control again
A. She would not turn the TV set on.
B. The remote control had broken down.
C. The remote control was hidden by her mother.
D. She would not turn the TV set off or turn it down.
6. How does the author deal with her half-century of memories of her mother
A. Ignore most of them.
B. Keep all of them in mind.
C. Forget some and analyze others.
D. Write things from her memories often.
7. What did the author’s mother do for her marriage
A. She took her to see her grandmother.
B. She arranged a tour in Manhattan.
C. She offered her a present.
D. She rented a beach house.
C
A new study suggests that smoke from wildfires can change how clouds store water and could lead to less rainfall. The research comes as western parts of the United States are currently experiencing drought conditions after several years of intense wildfire activity.
Clouds contain a collection of water droplets (微滴) that form from vapor in the atmosphere. When these droplets condense (凝结) onto each other within a cloud，they become heavier and eventually fall as rain. But the water condensation process requires a solid substance for the vapor to attach to. Different kinds of particles rising up from the Earth’s surface can reach clouds and make this process possible.
The new study found that smoke from wildfires contains small particles that affect the way droplets form in clouds. The main effect was the number of water droplets formed. The team reported that smoky clouds contained about five times the number of droplets as non-smoky clouds. But data also showed that the droplets in smoky clouds were much smaller, about half the size of those in the clouds without wildfire smoke.
It is that size difference, the researchers say, that could reduce the amount of rainfall. This is because small droplets are less likely to grow and eventually fall to the ground as rain. “Because of their small droplet sizes, these smoky clouds are expected to reflect more light and produce less rain than clouds in clean air,” the study states.
The findings could mean that active wildfire seasons in the western U. S. may in fact lead to less rain and more drought the researchers said. “We were surprised at how effective these primarily organic particles were at forming cloud droplets and what large impacts they had on the microphysics (微观物理) of the clouds,” said Cynthia Twohy, leader of the new study.
Twohy also noted that different kinds of clouds behave differently. The current study examined changes in small cumulus clouds. Other kinds that sit much higher in the atmosphere can cause heavy storms, she said. Twohy added, “I am hoping these results will lead to detailed regional modeling studies that will help us understand the actual impact of smoke on clouds and climate.”
8. Why did the researchers conduct the study
A. They aren’t sure how water droplets form from vapor.
B. There is a great climate change in America.
C. The US has serious drought after wildfires.
D. They wonder how smoky clouds appear.
9. What is a characteristic of smoky clouds
A. They tend to reflect more light.
B. They often have lower temperatures than others.
C. They contain more droplets which are larger in size.
D. They have fewer particles for the vapor to attach to.
10. What could smoky clouds lead to according to the text
A. Less rainfall.
B. Much cooler weather.
C. Fewer windy days.
D. More storms.
11. What is the main idea of the text
A. There are many reasons for the US drought.
B. Wildfire smoke can make clouds produce less rain.
C. Organic particles play an important role in forming clouds.
D. Humans have to face the serious consequences of wildfires.
D
Shortly after 6 am on Monday, buses carrying 200 immigrants rolled into Midtown Manhattan from Texas, Most of them, including young children, wore lightweight sweaters or blankets to keep out the cold. Mayor Eric Adams’ administration warned that 10 to 15 busloads of migrants were expected to arrive this week due to the lifting of Title 42, a Trump-era public health rule passed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts on Monday temporarily blocked the Biden administration from ending the pandemic-era Title 42 immigration policy, leaving in doubt whether officials will continue to drive off migrants over concerns about public health risks. Title 42 is set to expire (期满) on Wednesday.
“We have been told in no uncertain terms that, beginning today, we should expect an influx (流入) of buses coming from the border and that more than 1,000 additional asylum (政治避难) seekers will arrive in New York City every week,” Adams said in a statement released on Sunday. “We need help from Washington.”
Seeking to draw the Biden administration’s attention to the growing immigrant crisis, Republican governors of border states such as Texas and Arizona have been shipping migrants to Democratic-controlled cities such as New York City, Philadelphia and Washington, DC.
New York has received more than 31, 000 migrants and has opened 60 emergency shelters, mostly in hotels, as well as six other centers. New York City’s school chancellor (校监) said in October that the school system has enrolled more than 5, 500 new migrant students, most of whom came from Latin America.
Adams, who declared a state of emergency over the migrant influx in October, said in a statement on Sunday that if nothing changes and the policy expires, the cost of absorbing new migrants was unsustainable and could lead to cuts to existing city programs.
“Our shelter system is full, and we are nearly out of money, staff, and space. To be honest, if corrective measures are not taken soon, we may very well be forced to cut programs New Yorkers rely on,” he said. Adams accused the federal government of ignoring the city’s pleas for aid and accused Republicans and Democrats in Congress of failing to “raise their hand” to help.
12. Why are so many migrants supposed to arrive in New York City
A. New York City faces a major labor shortage.
B. The immigration policy is to be no longer valid.
C. Washington has announced a new immigration rule.
D. New York City provides them with better living conditions.
13. Which might be a Republican-controlled place
A. Washington, DC. B. Philadelphia.
C. New York City. D. Texas.
14. What does the underlined phrase “pleas for” in the last paragraph mean
A. Supplies of. B. Benefits of.
C Rewards for. D. Demands for.
15. What is the most suitable title for the news report
A. New York opens 60 emergency shelters
B. New York City hit by new immigrant flow
C. New York City needs help from Washington
D. New York City’s school system enrolls many migrant students
参考答案
2023届甘肃省兰州市高三第一次诊断考试英语试题
1．D 2．B 3．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了中国排名前四的滑雪场。
1．细节理解题。根据Harbin Yabuli Ski Resort部分“About two and a half hours drive from Harbin downtown, Yabuli Ski Resort is the largest ski resort in China, as well as China’s biggest training center for snow activities.(亚布力滑雪场距离哈尔滨市中心约两个半小时车程，是中国最大的滑雪场，也是中国最大的雪上活动培训中心)”可知，哈尔滨亚布力滑雪场是我国最大的滑雪场。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据Wanda Changbaishan International Ski Resort部分“It has great snow quality which is close to that of France and North Italy.(它的雪质量非常好，接近法国和意大利北部的雪的质量)”可知，万达长白山国际滑雪场的特别之处在于它的雪质量很好。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据Songhua Lake Ski Resort部分“Suitable for: all ages skiers and families with young kids (适合：所有年龄段的滑雪者和有小孩的家庭)”可知，如果史密斯夫妇想带孩子滑雪，他们应该去松花湖滑雪场。故选D项。
4．B 5．D 6．A 7．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者主要介绍了一个男人到水里营救海豚的故事。
4．推理判断题。由文第一段第四句“About 12 meters down, Enzo was led to the dolphin’s mate, who had become trapped in a fishing net and would soon drown.”（大约往下12米，Enzo被领到这只海豚的伙伴身旁，它的伙伴陷入了一个渔网，快要溺死）可知，海豚的目的是向Enzo求助，故选B项。
5．推理判断题。由文第二段最后一句“He often quoted Vangelis: “Until a man learns to respect and speak to the animal world, he can never know his true role on Earth.”（他经常引用范吉利斯的话：“直到一个人了解他自己在地球上真正的角色，他才学会尊重并与动物世界对话”）可知，是通过引用名人名言来让我们知道动物的重要性，故选D项。
6．细节理解题。由文第三段前两句“Enzo recalls of his dolphin rescue: “As soon as she (the female dolphin) was on the surface, after breathing out foam (泡沫)and blood, she gave birth to a dolphin calf (幼崽)under the watchful eyes of her mate. ” Enzo and his daughters felt greatly surprised at the miracle they had just witnessed.”（Enzo回忆营救海豚的经过：“那只母海豚一到水面，吐出泡沫和血，在她的伙伴的关切的眼神下生了一只小海豚。” Enzo和他的女儿对他们刚刚所见证的奇迹感到震惊）可知，小海豚的出身让他们震惊，故选A项。
7．主旨大意题。由文末段第一句“The world is full of opportunities that lead to miracles if we only follow those pushes.”（这个世界充满了机遇，如果我们跟随那些推动力，这些机遇会带来奇迹），纵观全文，文章主要介绍了一个男人和她女儿救下一头海豚并亲眼见证其生下一头小海豚这一奇迹并有所感悟的故事，故选B项。
8．A 9．C 10．C 11．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述英国部长为解决人们肥胖危机，将为锻炼和健康饮食的人们提供服装代金券和主题公园门票折扣等奖励。
8．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Ministers will offer rewards such as clothes vouchers (票卷) and discounted theme park tickets in return for exercising and eating healthily, under plans to solve Britain’s obesity crisis.(为解决英国的肥胖危机，部长们将为锻炼和健康饮食的人们提供服装代金券和主题公园门票折扣等奖励。)”与第二段“The anti-obesity project, which uses an app to help people make changes to their diet and physical activity (这个反肥胖项目使用一款应用程序来帮助人们改变饮食和体育活动)”可推知，英国引入反肥胖项目的目的是为了应对肥胖危机，保护人民健康。故选A项。
9．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Participants will wear Fitbit-style devices that can generate personalized health recommendations, such as increasing their step count, eating more fruit and vegetables and reducing portion (分量) size. Those increasing their exercise by taking part in organized events such as parkruns or walking to school or work may accumulate extra points in the app. (参与者将佩戴Fitbit风格的设备，这些设备可以生成个性化的健康建议，比如增加步数，多吃水果和蔬菜，减少份量。那些通过参加有组织的活动来增加锻炼的人，如公园跑步或步行上学或上班，可以在应用程序中累积额外的分数。)”以及“Participants will collect points for their healthy behaviors, which will unlock rewards that could include gym passes, clothes or food vouchers and discounts for shops, cinema or theme park tickets.(参与者将因他们的健康行为而获得积分，这些积分将解锁奖励，包括健身房通行证、衣服或食品券，以及商店、电影院或主题公园门票的折扣。)”可知，如果参与者保持健康的生活方式，他们将获得奖励。故选C项。
10．词义猜测题。根据划线词下文“Evidence suggests financial incentives can improve rates of physical activity and inspire healthier eating.(有证据表明，financial incentives可以提高身体活动率，并鼓励更健康的饮食。)”可知，“financial incentives”可以促使人们去活动和吃更健康的食物。结合上文提到给锻炼的人以相应的奖励可推知，incentive就是指“奖励”，与reward同义。故选C项。
11．推理判断题。根据文章第三段中Sajid Javid的话“This new pilot will pave the way for developing innovative ways to improve the lives of individuals, and also help to reduce stress on the National Health Services (NHS). (这项新的试点将为发展创新方式来改善个人生活铺平道路，也有助于减轻国家卫生服务体系(NHS)的压力。)”可推知，Sajid Javid对该项目持积极态度。故选B项。
12．A 13．C 14．B 15．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种4D打印的软机器人。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段的“But when the obstacle is too high, it will turn back and never come back(但当障碍太高时，它就会折返，永远不会回来)”可知，如果障碍物无法触及时机器人会放弃接触它。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段“When the surface beneath it is heated, the robot form a tube like a spring. The change in shape adds time as a fourth dimension (维度) to the printing process, making it 4D.(当它下面的表面被加热时，机器人就会形成一个像弹簧一样的管子。形状的变化将时间作为第四个维度添加到打印过程中，使其成为4D)”可知，当机器人被加热时会改变形状。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段的“The length of the robot affects its speed, with longer robots rolling faster than the shorter ones.(机器人的长度会影响它的速度，较长的机器人比较短的机器人滚动得更快)”可知，机器人的长度可以影响它的速度。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段的““We hope that soft robots will no longer be limited to simple actuators (驱动器), which can only change shape in a fixed position,” says Feng.(“我们希望软体机器人不再局限于只能在固定位置改变形状的简单驱动器，”冯说)”推知，冯希望该机器人的功能更强大。故选D。
2023届甘肃省酒泉市高三一模英语试题
1．A 2．B 3．D
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几项需要志愿者的研究项目的详细信息、要求和参与方式等。
1．细节理解题。根据Volunteers with lazy eye (弱视) wanted部分的“Call 01865 223622 for more information.(查询详情请致电01865 223622)”可知，致电01865 223622就能得到更多关于“Volunteers with lazy eye wanted”项目的更多的信息，故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据Seeking poor sleepers for sleeplessness research部分的“The activity will involve spending overnights in the sleep laboratory at Oxford, testing your sleep/wake cycle, and completing the tasks on the computer.(这项活动包括在牛津大学的睡眠实验室过夜，测试你的睡眠/清醒周期，并在电脑上完成任务)”可知，如果你自愿参加失眠研究，你要在睡眠实验室过夜，测试你的睡眠/清醒周期，完成电脑上的任务，即②③④。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据Oxford experimental lab for the Social Sciences部分的“The Oxford Internet Institute, together with the Business School, needs some people to participate in computer-based experiments involving online surfing behavior as well as something about economy and politics.(牛津大学互联网研究所（Oxford Internet Institute）和商学院（Business School）需要一些人参与基于电脑的实验，涉及网上冲浪行为以及经济和政治方面的内容)”可知，“牛津社会科学实验实验室”项目将涉及经济和政治。故选D。
4．C 5．C 6．D 7．A
【导语】本文是篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者大学毕业后尝试过许多不同的工作，但始终没有找到真正适合自己的；后来她决定写小说以满足自己内心的愿望，小说完成后从无人问津到开始出版，经历了一段漫长而艰难的过程，最终获得了成功，作者也因此成为了一名出版作家，找到自己的定位。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段“I decided to try to satisfy a deep-down wish to write a novel. ”（我决定试着满足一个内心深处的愿望，写一部小说。）可知，作者决定写小说是因为她想要追寻自己写小说的梦想。故选C。
5．词义猜测题。根据第三段“but I’m not quite sure if I’m going to get there.”（但我不确定我是否能到那一步。）和“Believing my novel could not be published, I put it aside.”（我认为我的小说不可能出版，就把它搁在一边。）可知，作者对自己的小说没有信心，所以划线句是指“她突然失去了信心”。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据第五段“ a publisher offered me a book deal—that publisher turned out to be the one I once worked for.”（一个出版商向我提供了一份出书的合同，而那个出版商正是我曾经工作过的那家出版社。）可知，作者曾经工作过的那家出版商同意出版她的第一本小说。故选D。
7．推理判断题。由全文内容可知，作者的小说从无人问津到最终的出版经历了一段漫长而艰难过程；根据最后一段“to be a published writer—is unbelievably rewarding.”（成为一个出版作家——是难以置信的回报。）可知，作者成为出版作家的这段经历是非常值得的，即“艰难而值得”。故选A。
8．C 9．A 10．D 11．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了目前没有真正能治愈普通感冒的事实，解释了其科学原因，并且介绍了一种可能真正治愈普通感冒的模型。也许，人们很快就会有治愈感冒的方法。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段中“People have different ways of dealing with a common cold. Some take over-the-counter medicines such as aspirin while others try popular home remedies like herbal tea or chicken soup.(人们对普通感冒有不同的治疗方法。一些人服用阿司匹林等非处方药物，另一些人则尝试草药茶或鸡汤等流行的家庭疗法)”可知，人们会通过服用阿司匹林等非处方药物以及草药茶或鸡汤等来治疗感冒，结合选项，并不包括锻炼。故选C项。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段中“They attack the virus by attaching to and changing the surface structures of the virus. To do that, the drug must fit and lock into the virus like the right piece of a jigsaw, which means scientists have to identify the virus and build a 3D model to study its surface before they can design an antiviral drug that is effective enough.(它们通过附着和改变病毒的表面结构来攻击病毒。要做到这一点，药物必须像拼图一样适合并锁定在病毒中，这意味着科学家必须识别病毒，并建立一个3D模型来研究其表面，然后才能设计出足够有效的抗病毒药物)”可知，抗病毒药物应该像拼图一样适合并锁定在病毒中。故选A项。
10．推理判断题。根据第四段“The two cold viruses that scientists had long known about were rhinovirus A and B. But they didn’t find out about the existence of a third virus, rhinovirus C until 2006. All three of them contribute to the common cold, but drugs that work well against rhinovirus A and B have little effect when used against rhinovirus C.(科学家们早就知道的两种感冒病毒是鼻病毒A和鼻病毒b。但直到2006年，他们才发现第三种病毒——鼻病毒C的存在。这三种病毒都会导致普通感冒，但对鼻病毒A和B有效的药物对鼻病毒C几乎没有效果)”以及倒数第二段“Now, more than 10 years after the discovery of rhinovirus C, scientists have finally built a highly detailed 3D model of the virus, showing that the surface of the virus is, as expected,different from that of other cold viruses.(现在，在发现鼻病毒C 10多年后，科学家终于建立了该病毒的高度详细的3D模型，显示该病毒的表面，如预期的那样，不同于其他感冒病毒)”可推知，现在科学家已经建立了病毒C的高度详细的3D模型，接下来就是要找到对抗鼻病毒C有效药物。故选D项。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“With the model in hand, hopefully a real cure for a common cold is on its way. Soon, we may no longer have to waste our money on medicines that don’t really work.(有了这个模型，治愈普通感冒的真正方法有望问世。很快，我们就不必再把钱浪费在那些根本不起作用的药物上了)”可推知，作者认为治疗普通感冒的常用疗法是没有意义的。故选B项。
12．B 13．C 14．C 15．A
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了，印度总理纳伦德拉·莫迪星期二视察了西部古吉拉特邦的桥梁坍塌现场，慰问了伤者，古吉拉特邦地方政府已经下令对大桥的致命坍塌进行调查，对相关人员问责。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Ahead of the visit, Modi chaired a high-level meeting on Monday night during which he was briefed about rescue efforts. (在访问之前，莫迪周一晚上主持了一场高级别会议，听取了救援工作的简报)”可知，莫迪在听到大桥倒塌后第一反应是他召开并主持了一次会议。故选B项。
13．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Police have arrested nine people including officials of Oreva, the company that carried out the repair work, ticket sellers and security men. H