第三章冠词（思维导图+知识梳理+好题精炼）2022-2023初中英语中考语法归纳

第三章 冠词
思维导图
知识梳理
一、冠词的分类
冠词是加在名词前面的一种辅助词,帮助说明这个名词的含义,在句子中不能单独充当句子成分,是一种虚词.
冠词分为定冠词the和不定冠词a, an两种.其不用冠词的情况也称零冠词.
(一)不定冠词
不定冠词有a和an两种形式.a用在以辅音开头的词前,an用在以元音开头的词前.判断一个词是以元音开头还是以辅音开头,是根据读音而不是根据字母.a一般读/ /,an一般读/ n/;在特别重读时,分别读/ei/和/ n/.
a book/buk/一本书 an apple/ pl/一个苹果
a house/ha s/一座房子 an hour/a (r)/一小时
a university/ju:nrv s ti/一所大学 an island/ail nd/一座岛
(二)定冠词
定冠词只有the一种形式.它在辅音(这里指读音而不是指字母)前读/ /,在元音前读/ i/,在特别强调或单读时读/ i:/.
the/ /book这本书 the/ i/author这个作者
the/ /writer 这个作家 the/ i/age那个时代
the/ /police 这个警察 the/ i/end 结束
(三)零冠词
名词前不加冠词:by train乘火车
二、冠词的用法
(一)不定冠词的用法
1.用于可数名词的单数形式前,指人或事物的某一类.这是不定冠词的基本用法
Give me a book.给我一本书.
They are waiting for a bus.他们在等公共汽车.
2.在月份、星期及evening, night, morning, afternoon等名词前有修饰定语时,一律用a
A cold March is usually in the Northeast.东北的三月往往是冷的.
On a windy morning he came back.在一个多风的早上他回来了.
3.用在作同位语、表语的单数可数名词前,泛指身份、职业
My father, a teacher of English, works very hard.我爸爸是英语教师,工作很努力.
4.表示“同一”的意思
They were nearly of an age.他们几乎同岁.
The two shirts are much of a size.两件衬衫大小差不多.
5.指某人或某物,但不具体说明是何人或何物
A reporter wants to see you.有位记者要见你.
Lend me a story-book, will you 借本故事书给我看,好吗
6.在表示价格、速度、比率等的名词前表示“每一”
four times a day 每天四次
sixty miles an hour每小时60英里
7.用在“such a...”,“quite a...”,“many a...”,“rather a...”,“so＋形容词＋a+单数可数名词”的结构中
She is such a beauty.她就是这么一个美人.
His lazy son is quite a bother to him.他的懒儿子很令他伤脑筋.
8.第一次提到或出现“某一个”,但并不特别指明具体情况
One day, an old woman went into a shop with her grandson.一天,一位老妇带着孙子进了一家商店.
She was puzzled by a poster.她被一张海报搞糊涂了.
9.用于序数词前,表示“又一,再一”
Would you like a second chance 你想再要一次机会吗
10.表示“类别”,表示一类人或事物
A horse is a useful animal.马是一种有用的动物.
A doctor is a person who saves people's life.医生就是拯救人们生命的人.
(二)定冠词的用法
1.特指某个/些人或事物,或指谈话双方都知道的人或事物
Shut the door, please.请关上门.
Give me the pencil.把那支铅笔给我.
2.用在主要由普通名词构成的专有名词前
the People's Daily《人民日报》
the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国
3.用在表示阶级、党派的名词前
the working class 工人阶级
the Chinese Communist Party 中国共产党
4.对前面已提到过的人或事物,第二次提到时加定冠词,用以表示特指
I found a picture in the box. The picture was very beautiful.在箱子里发现一张画.这张画非常漂亮.
Once there lived a lion in a forest. Every day the lion went about to look for food.
从前在一片森林里有一只狮子,它每天到处寻找食物.
5.在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、群岛、海峡、海湾等地理名词前加定冠词
the Pacific(Ocean)太平洋 the Red Sea红海 the Thames泰晤士河
6.用在序数词、形容词最高级前
January is the first month of the year.元月是一年中的第一个月.
7.用在某些形容词前,表示“一类人”
the old老年人 the young青年人 the poor穷人 the rich富人
8.用在表示宇宙间独一无二的事物的名词前
the sun 太阳 the moon月亮 the earth地球 the sky天空.
9.用在单数名词之前表示一类人或事物
The elephant is an animal.大象是动物.
The orange is a kind of fruit.橘子是一种水果.
10.用在姓氏复数前,表示一家人或一个家族
The Wangs have moved.王家已经搬家了.
The Bakers came to see us yesterday.昨天贝克一家来看我们.
11.用在表示方向、方位的名词前
in the east在东面 in the south在南面 in the west在西面
12.“the+形容词比较级．．．,＋the+形容词比较级”表示“越······越····..”
The sooner you go, the sooner you will be back.走得越早你就回得越早.
13.用在乐器名词前
play the violin拉小提琴 play the flute吹笛
14.当名词被短语或从句修饰时,名词前要加定冠词
The book on the desk is mine.桌子上的那本书是我的.
This is the present I received yesterday.这是我昨天收到的礼物.
15.用在一些固定词组中
in the end 结果 in the morning 在早晨 by the way 顺便问一下 on the whole 大体上
(三)不用冠词的场合
1.在大多数专有名词前
Beijing is the capital of China.北京是中国的首都.
His name is Jack Green.他的名字叫杰克·格林.
2.复数可数名词或不可数名词表示泛指意义而不是特指意义时
They are teachers, not students.他们是老师,不是学生.
People in the south like rice.南方人喜欢吃米饭.
3.泛指的复数词表示“一类人或事物”时,不用冠词
Computers are being used in many ways.计算机正在很多方面被应用.
Desks and chairs are usually made of wood.桌椅通常是木制的.
4.物质名词或抽象名词前
Failure is the mother of succss.失败是成功之母.
Desks and chairs are usually made of wood.桌椅通常是木制的.
5.在称呼语或表示官衔职位的名词前,不用冠词
Good morning, mum!妈妈,早上好！
Doctor, I am not feeling well.医生,我感觉不好.
6.在表示泛指的三餐饭和茶点等的名称前
Have you had breakfast 你吃过早饭了吗
What did you have for supper 你晚饭吃什么了
7.表示学科、疾病、球类、游戏、颜色和感官名称的名词前
White is a beautiful colour.白色是美丽的颜色.
Smell is one of the five senses.嗅觉是5种感官之一.
8.在某些习惯用语中的名词前,不用冠词
go to school 去上学 go to bed 去睡觉 be in hospital 住院 be in prison 坐牢
be at table 在吃饭 at noon(night)在中午(夜晚) at first 首先 at last最后
9.在节日、假日等名称前
New Year's Day 元旦 National Day 国庆节
May Day 五一劳动节 Children's Day 儿童节
10.与by连用的表示交通工具的名词前
by bike骑自行车 by bus 公共汽车
by tube 乘地铁 by coach 乘长途公共汽车
11.名词前已有指示代词、形容词性物主代词或限定词时,不用冠词
My pen is much more expensive than yours.我的钢笔比你的贵多了.
I want to read some books about history.我想读一些关于历史的书.
(四)用冠词与不用冠词差异
在某些习惯用语中,用还是不用冠词,意义不同,有时甚至差别很大,使用时要特别注意.
in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院里
go to sea 出海 go to the sea 去海边
on earth 究竟 on the earth 地球上,在世上
in front of在······(外部的)前面 in the front of在······(内部的)前面
take place 发生 take the place of 代替
at table 进餐 at the table 在桌子旁
by sea 乘船 by the sea 在海边
in future 从今以后,将来 in the future 未来
go to school(church...)上学(做礼拜·····) go to the school(church...)到学校(教堂)去
two of us 我们当中的两人 the two of us 我们两人(共计两人)
好题精练
一、在需要的空白处填上适当的冠词a, an, the或“/”
1.________ card 2. ________ university 3. ________ honest student
4. ________ table 5. ________ European 6. ________ interesting film
7. ________ second floor 8. ________ tallest girl 9. ________ Japan
10. ________ Paris 11.play________ violin 12.play________ football
13.go to________ bed
答案：
1.a 2.a 3.an 4.a 5.a
6.an 7.the 8.the 9./ 10./
11.the 12./ 13./
二、在必要的地方填上适当的冠词
1.There is________ house at________ foot of________ hill.
2.Taiwan is________ island, it is________ largest island in China.
3.He wants some food and________ bowl of soup.
4. ________ clouds over________ sea were lovely yesterday.
5.Here is________ useful book to read.
答案：
1.a,the,the 2.an,the 3.a 4.The,the 5.a
三、选择填空
1.They have________ English test once________ week.
A. an; an B. an; a C. a; a D./;/
2.He takes________ active part in our school activities.
A. a B. the C. an D./
3.Is________ Russia________ Asian or________ European country
A./; an; a B. the; an; a C./; an; an D./; the; the
4.Have you ever seen________ as tall as this one
A. a tree B. such tree C. an tree D. tree
5.Tom likes playing________ violin. Frank likes playing________ bridge.
A. the;/ B./;the C./;/ D. the; the
6.His father is________ old doctor. He often tells him not to smoke in________ public.
A. a;/ B. an;/ C. an ;the D./;the
7. ________ singer and________ dancer is to attend the gathering.
A. The; the B. The;/ C. The; a D. A; a
8.What________ fine weather we are having these days!
A. a B. an C. the D./
9.I have________ today.
A. a headache B. headaches C. the headache D. headache
10.We all know that________ elephant is________ kind of________ animal.
A. an;/;an B. the; a;/ C. a;/;/ D. a; a;/
11.Our teacher is giving us a lesson in________ composition.
A. a B. the C. an D./
12.You left________ “s” in________ spelling of the word “address”.
A. the; the B. a; the C. an;/ D .an; the
13.He left for Qingdao by________.
A. a ship B. the ship C. ship D. an ship
14.He is fond of playing________ piano while Alice is interested in listening to________ music.
A. the;/ B./;the C. the; the D./;/
15.Have________ second cup of tea, please.
A. the B. a C./ D. an
答案：
1-5BCAAA 6-10BBDAB 11-15DDCAB
四、找出下列句子中冠词使用的错误并加以改正
1.He went to the America two years ago.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2.I love the music and art.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
3.Those are girls who live next door.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
4.It takes us about an hour to go to Hainan Island by the plane.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
5.My parents usually have the lunch in the factory.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
6.I'll never forget dinner we had together.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
7.The table tennis is a favourite sport in our country.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：
1.the America→ America
2.the music→ music
3.girls→the girls
4.by the plane→ by plane
5.the lunch→ lunch
6.dinner→the dinner
7.The table→ Table