外研版（2019）选择性必修 第三册Unit 6 Nature in words Writing-如何写好说明文学案（PDF版含答案）
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| 名称 | 外研版（2019）选择性必修 第三册Unit 6 Nature in words Writing-如何写好说明文学案（PDF版含答案） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
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Unit 6 Disaster and hope
Section Ⅳ Writing
如何写好说明文
范文导读
My Magic Water Bottle
My magic water bottle will be a replacement of the traditional one which can
change the temperature of the inside water automatically according to the changes of
the outer environment.
There are certain factors I take into account on my new invention. For one thing,
traditional water bottle makes it inconvenient for travelers to have a comfortable drink
anytime and anywhere.For another, drinking too cold or too hot water does nothing
but harm to our health, so my magic water bottle can serve as an assistant or a doctor.
The new function will win my magic water bottle enormous love and popularity.
On the one hand，the automatic temperature-controlling system mentioned above can
adjust the water temperature. On the other hand, we can set a desirable temperature
for the inside water, and what surprises us most is that the water can remain at that
temperature for about twenty hours.
知识精练
1．话题特点
(1)说明文在日常生活中应用广泛，主要用来描述某一事物、事由或事情的
发展过程。它主要分为事物说明文和事理说明文，其形式主要包括：广告、说明
书、实验报告、解说词、科普读物等。要写好一篇说明文，准确地传递想要传达
的信息，在写作中要注意以下几点：
①抓住说明的中心。说明对象是写作的“中心”，其他的支持信息都围绕说
明中心展开。
②突出写作的重点。在写作时要抓住写作对象的本质特征，做到“详略得
当”。
③优化文章的结构。可采用“总——分”“总——分——总”“分——总”等
结构以使文章层次分明、有条理。
④选好说明的顺序。根据说明对象的不同灵活安排、运用时间、空间、逻辑、
认识等说明顺序，力求做到解说清楚、条理分明，给人留下一目了然的印象。
⑤用好说明方法。根据实际需要合理地使用类比法、例证法、因果分析法、
比较法、分类法、程序法、定义法、图表法等说明方法，努力达到“简单化、直
观化、生动化”的说明效果。⑥体现文体特点。层次清晰，条理分明，语言简洁、
准确而富有逻辑性是说明文的基本特点，不要把它与描写文、记叙文或论说文等
相混淆，造成“不伦不类”的不良后果。
(2)操作规程。说明文用来说明某件事如何发生、某件物品如何制作或使用。
其目的是准确清楚地介绍过程中的每一步，帮助读者了解或实施该过程。如果完
成该过程需要某些工具，要在文章开头就交代清楚。在介绍具体步骤时，按照时
间顺序，即不同步骤发生的先后顺序把整个过程解释清楚，恰当地使用表示时间
关系的词语帮助读者紧跟每一个步骤。
用于按时间顺序展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有： soon， then,
suddenly, at the same time, next, now, at present, after, later, afterwards, finally, at
last 等。
2．话题词汇
(1)earthquake 地震 (2)shelter 避难所
(3)claim 夺去 (4)destroy 摧毁；破坏
(5)natural disaster 自然灾害 (6)the caring donation 爱心捐赠
(7)donate blood 义务献血 (8)a long history 历史悠久
(9)lose heart 灰心
(10)in the long term 从长期来看
3．话题句式(试着替换方框中的黑体部分，变成你需要表达的意思)
(1)My hometown is on the railway line.
我的家乡在铁路沿线。
(2)In the west suburbs of the city there stands a small village. That is my
hometown.
市西郊有一个小村子，那就是我的家乡。
(3)Our country is a large one with a long history.
我们的国家是个历史悠久的大国。
(4)Great changes have taken place in my village in the past/last 20 years.
在过去的 20 年里，我的村子发生了翻天覆地的变化。
(5)The streets have been widened. Factories, schools, hospitals, cinemas and
theatres have been set up one after another. Now my hometown has become a rich
and beautiful place.
街道已经拓宽。工厂、学校、医院、影院和剧院一个接一个地拔地而起。如
今，我的家乡变得富裕、美丽。
(6)Located in the east of Fujian Province, Xiamen is a coastal city with a long
history.
厦门位于福建省东部，是一个具有悠久历史的沿海城市。
(7)It covers a total area of 5，271 square kilometres with a population of about
3.5 million.
它总占地面积是 5 271 平方千米，人口约为 350 万。
(8)There are many famous places of interest in Shanwei, among which are the
Fengshan Temple and Red Bay.
汕尾市有很多著名的旅游胜地，如凤山祖庙、红海湾等。
(9) It is reported that the heavy rainfall caused rivers to break their banks,
washing away bridges.
据报道大水冲垮了堤防和桥梁。
(10) In spite of all this， the government called on the whole nation to support
the places hit by the worst disaster.尽管如此，政府还是号召全国支援被这次大灾难
袭击的地区。
实战演练
介绍一款时尚手机，要点如下：
1．高科技产品；国内外广泛使用；
2．主要功能：通话、发短信、上网、照相、玩游戏等；
3．体积小、重量轻、易携带，适用于各年龄段人群。
注意：
1．词数 80 左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[遣词]
1．____________ 时尚的 2.____________ 广泛地
3．____________ 功能 4.____________ 包括
5．____________ 自拍的 6.____________ 卓越的
7．____________ 合适的 8.____________ 手机
9．____________ 高科技的 10.____________ 国内外
11．____________ 上网 12.____________ 照相
13．____________ 玩游戏 14.____________ 新研发的
15．____________ 在大小/体积上 16.____________ 在重量上
[造句]
1．完成句子
(1)这款时尚的手机是高科技产品。
This fashionable mobile phone is ________________________________．
(2)高新技术产品在国内外得到了广泛的应用。
A high-tech product ________________________．
(3)它的主要功能包括打电话、发短信、上网、拍照和玩游戏。
Its main functions ________________________ ， taking __________ and
playing games.
(4)它是由最成功的公司生产的。
________________________ by the most successful company.
(5)它有最显著的特点。
It has ________________________．
(6)它体积小，重量轻，便于携带。
________________________， light in weight and is easy to carry.
(7)它使它适合所有年龄的人。
It __________________ for people of all ages.
2．句式升级
(8)用定语从句合并(1)、(2)句。
This fashionable mobile phone is a high-tech product
______________________________ at home and abroad.
(9)用过去分词和定语从句合并(4)、(5)、(6)、(7)句为复合句
____________the most successful company, its most remarkable feature is that it
is small in size, light in weight and is easy to carry, ________________ for people of
all ages.
[成篇]
_________________________________________________________________
_______
_________________________________________________________________
_______
_________________________________________________________________
_______
_________________________________________________________________
_______
_________________________________________________________________
_______
_________________________________________________________________
_______
单元知识回顾
Ⅰ.重点词汇
1．immediately adv.立刻，马上
________ conj.一……就……
2．occur vi. (occurred; occurred)发生；被想起
sth. ________ 某人想到某事；某事浮现在某人的脑海中
It occurs to sb.{sth.某人想到做某事that...某人想到……
3．announcement n．通知，宣告
make ________ announcement 宣布；下通知
announce sth. (________) (向某人)宣布、通告某事
announce that...宣布……；通知……
It ____________ that...据宣布……
________ n．广播员；播音员
4．________ n．& vt.预测；预报
5．reliable adj.可信赖的；可靠的
________ v．信任；信赖；依赖；依靠
rely ________ 依靠；依赖
rely on ____________ 指望某人做某事
rely ________ that...相信……
6．rescue vt.营救，拯救 n．解救，救助，抢救
go/come to ____________ ＝rescue sb.进行援救/营救某人
rescue sb. ________．..从……中救出某人
rescue ________ 救援队
7．nowhere adv.无处，到处都不
be nowhere ________ seen/found/heard 哪儿也见/找/听不到
________ nowhere 不知来自哪里，从不知名的状态
________ nowhere 没有结果；没有进展
8．otherwise adv.否则，要不然(相当于 or, or else)；除此以外；在其他方面；
不同地
________ otherwise 等等
________ otherwise 或相反
9．threat n．威胁，威胁的人或者事物
________ v．威胁
threaten ________ 威胁要做某事
threaten ____________ 用某事来威胁某人
10．pick ________ 拿起，拾起，捡起
11．make ________ 及时到达；成功
12．________ all 毕竟；终究；别忘了；尽管
Ⅱ.教材原句
1 ． Well, maybe I ____________________ too much. After all, it's only 30
degrees outside.
或许是我担心得太多了。毕竟，外面只有 30 度！
2．But ________ Mom kept on reminding us, we were all together and safe.
但是就像妈妈不断提醒我们的那样，我们在一起而且很安全。
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Mr. Smith was really annoyed that the watch he had repaired was nowhere
____________ (see).
2 ． The ____________ (announce) that US would withdraw from Paris
Agreement was a shock to all.
3．________ occurred to him that he had an important conference to attend the
next morning.
4．In his own restaurant, he would ________ (immediate) fire any employee who
was rude to a customer.
5．Stop talking, the weatherman ____________ (forecast) the weather of the
coming week on TV.
6．In the past, the respect for teachers was driven by the belief that they were
________ (rely) sources of knowledge.
7．There's no snake known that will habitually attack the human being unless
________ (threat) with its life.
8．Bob's father is very common; you can't pick him ________ easily in the crowd.
9 ． Dressed in a space suit in the base, the young man looks more like an
astronaut I ________________ (admire).
10．Up to now, the program has saved thousands of children who ________
otherwise ________ (die).
Unit 6 Disaster and hope
Section Ⅳ Writing
知识精练
[遣词]
1．fashionable 2.widely 3.function 4.include 5.autodyne
6．remarkable 7.suitable 8.mobile phone 9.high-tech
10．at home and abroad 11.surf the Internet 12.take photos
13．play games 14.newly-developed 15.in size 16.in weight
[造句]
1．(1)a high-tech product (2)is widely used at home and abroad
(3)include calling，texting, surfing the Internet；photos
(4)It is produced (5)most remarkable feature (6)It is small in size (7)makes
it suitable
2．(8)that is widely used (9)Produced by; which makes it suitable
[成篇]
This fashionable mobile phone is a high-tech product that is widely used at home
and abroad. Its main functions include calling, texting, surfing the Internet, taking
photos and playing games.What's more, this newly-developed phone has the
beautifying function, so if you are a person who likes autodyning, it is the best choice
for you. Produced by the most successful company, its most remarkable feature is that
it is small in size, light in weight and is easy to carry, which makes it suitable for
people of all ages.
单元知识回顾
Ⅰ.重点词汇
1．immediately
2．occur(s) to sb.; to do
3．an; to sb.; is announced; announcer
4．forecast
5．rely; on; sb. to do sth.; on it
6．sb's rescue; from; team
7．to be; from; get/go
8．and; or
9．threatened; to do sth.; sb. with sth.
10．up 11.it 12.after
Ⅱ.教材原句
1．have been worrying 2.as
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1 ． to be seen 2.announcement 3.It 4.immediately 5.is forecasting
6.reliable 7.threatened 8.out 9.have been admiring 10.would; have died
Section Ⅳ Writing
如何写好说明文
范文导读
My Magic Water Bottle
My magic water bottle will be a replacement of the traditional one which can
change the temperature of the inside water automatically according to the changes of
the outer environment.
There are certain factors I take into account on my new invention. For one thing,
traditional water bottle makes it inconvenient for travelers to have a comfortable drink
anytime and anywhere.For another, drinking too cold or too hot water does nothing
but harm to our health, so my magic water bottle can serve as an assistant or a doctor.
The new function will win my magic water bottle enormous love and popularity.
On the one hand，the automatic temperature-controlling system mentioned above can
adjust the water temperature. On the other hand, we can set a desirable temperature
for the inside water, and what surprises us most is that the water can remain at that
temperature for about twenty hours.
知识精练
1．话题特点
(1)说明文在日常生活中应用广泛，主要用来描述某一事物、事由或事情的
发展过程。它主要分为事物说明文和事理说明文，其形式主要包括：广告、说明
书、实验报告、解说词、科普读物等。要写好一篇说明文，准确地传递想要传达
的信息，在写作中要注意以下几点：
①抓住说明的中心。说明对象是写作的“中心”，其他的支持信息都围绕说
明中心展开。
②突出写作的重点。在写作时要抓住写作对象的本质特征，做到“详略得
当”。
③优化文章的结构。可采用“总——分”“总——分——总”“分——总”等
结构以使文章层次分明、有条理。
④选好说明的顺序。根据说明对象的不同灵活安排、运用时间、空间、逻辑、
认识等说明顺序，力求做到解说清楚、条理分明，给人留下一目了然的印象。
⑤用好说明方法。根据实际需要合理地使用类比法、例证法、因果分析法、
比较法、分类法、程序法、定义法、图表法等说明方法，努力达到“简单化、直
观化、生动化”的说明效果。⑥体现文体特点。层次清晰，条理分明，语言简洁、
准确而富有逻辑性是说明文的基本特点，不要把它与描写文、记叙文或论说文等
相混淆，造成“不伦不类”的不良后果。
(2)操作规程。说明文用来说明某件事如何发生、某件物品如何制作或使用。
其目的是准确清楚地介绍过程中的每一步，帮助读者了解或实施该过程。如果完
成该过程需要某些工具，要在文章开头就交代清楚。在介绍具体步骤时，按照时
间顺序，即不同步骤发生的先后顺序把整个过程解释清楚，恰当地使用表示时间
关系的词语帮助读者紧跟每一个步骤。
用于按时间顺序展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有： soon， then,
suddenly, at the same time, next, now, at present, after, later, afterwards, finally, at
last 等。
2．话题词汇
(1)earthquake 地震 (2)shelter 避难所
(3)claim 夺去 (4)destroy 摧毁；破坏
(5)natural disaster 自然灾害 (6)the caring donation 爱心捐赠
(7)donate blood 义务献血 (8)a long history 历史悠久
(9)lose heart 灰心
(10)in the long term 从长期来看
3．话题句式(试着替换方框中的黑体部分，变成你需要表达的意思)
(1)My hometown is on the railway line.
我的家乡在铁路沿线。
(2)In the west suburbs of the city there stands a small village. That is my
hometown.
市西郊有一个小村子，那就是我的家乡。
(3)Our country is a large one with a long history.
我们的国家是个历史悠久的大国。
(4)Great changes have taken place in my village in the past/last 20 years.
在过去的 20 年里，我的村子发生了翻天覆地的变化。
(5)The streets have been widened. Factories, schools, hospitals, cinemas and
theatres have been set up one after another. Now my hometown has become a rich
and beautiful place.
街道已经拓宽。工厂、学校、医院、影院和剧院一个接一个地拔地而起。如
今，我的家乡变得富裕、美丽。
(6)Located in the east of Fujian Province, Xiamen is a coastal city with a long
history.
厦门位于福建省东部，是一个具有悠久历史的沿海城市。
(7)It covers a total area of 5，271 square kilometres with a population of about
3.5 million.
它总占地面积是 5 271 平方千米，人口约为 350 万。
(8)There are many famous places of interest in Shanwei, among which are the
Fengshan Temple and Red Bay.
汕尾市有很多著名的旅游胜地，如凤山祖庙、红海湾等。
(9) It is reported that the heavy rainfall caused rivers to break their banks,
washing away bridges.
据报道大水冲垮了堤防和桥梁。
(10) In spite of all this， the government called on the whole nation to support
the places hit by the worst disaster.尽管如此，政府还是号召全国支援被这次大灾难
袭击的地区。
实战演练
介绍一款时尚手机，要点如下：
1．高科技产品；国内外广泛使用；
2．主要功能：通话、发短信、上网、照相、玩游戏等；
3．体积小、重量轻、易携带，适用于各年龄段人群。
注意：
1．词数 80 左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[遣词]
1．____________ 时尚的 2.____________ 广泛地
3．____________ 功能 4.____________ 包括
5．____________ 自拍的 6.____________ 卓越的
7．____________ 合适的 8.____________ 手机
9．____________ 高科技的 10.____________ 国内外
11．____________ 上网 12.____________ 照相
13．____________ 玩游戏 14.____________ 新研发的
15．____________ 在大小/体积上 16.____________ 在重量上
[造句]
1．完成句子
(1)这款时尚的手机是高科技产品。
This fashionable mobile phone is ________________________________．
(2)高新技术产品在国内外得到了广泛的应用。
A high-tech product ________________________．
(3)它的主要功能包括打电话、发短信、上网、拍照和玩游戏。
Its main functions ________________________ ， taking __________ and
playing games.
(4)它是由最成功的公司生产的。
________________________ by the most successful company.
(5)它有最显著的特点。
It has ________________________．
(6)它体积小，重量轻，便于携带。
________________________， light in weight and is easy to carry.
(7)它使它适合所有年龄的人。
It __________________ for people of all ages.
2．句式升级
(8)用定语从句合并(1)、(2)句。
This fashionable mobile phone is a high-tech product
______________________________ at home and abroad.
(9)用过去分词和定语从句合并(4)、(5)、(6)、(7)句为复合句
____________the most successful company, its most remarkable feature is that it
is small in size, light in weight and is easy to carry, ________________ for people of
all ages.
[成篇]
_________________________________________________________________
_______
_________________________________________________________________
_______
_________________________________________________________________
_______
_________________________________________________________________
_______
_________________________________________________________________
_______
_________________________________________________________________
_______
单元知识回顾
Ⅰ.重点词汇
1．immediately adv.立刻，马上
________ conj.一……就……
2．occur vi. (occurred; occurred)发生；被想起
sth. ________ 某人想到某事；某事浮现在某人的脑海中
It occurs to sb.{sth.某人想到做某事that...某人想到……
3．announcement n．通知，宣告
make ________ announcement 宣布；下通知
announce sth. (________) (向某人)宣布、通告某事
announce that...宣布……；通知……
It ____________ that...据宣布……
________ n．广播员；播音员
4．________ n．& vt.预测；预报
5．reliable adj.可信赖的；可靠的
________ v．信任；信赖；依赖；依靠
rely ________ 依靠；依赖
rely on ____________ 指望某人做某事
rely ________ that...相信……
6．rescue vt.营救，拯救 n．解救，救助，抢救
go/come to ____________ ＝rescue sb.进行援救/营救某人
rescue sb. ________．..从……中救出某人
rescue ________ 救援队
7．nowhere adv.无处，到处都不
be nowhere ________ seen/found/heard 哪儿也见/找/听不到
________ nowhere 不知来自哪里，从不知名的状态
________ nowhere 没有结果；没有进展
8．otherwise adv.否则，要不然(相当于 or, or else)；除此以外；在其他方面；
不同地
________ otherwise 等等
________ otherwise 或相反
9．threat n．威胁，威胁的人或者事物
________ v．威胁
threaten ________ 威胁要做某事
threaten ____________ 用某事来威胁某人
10．pick ________ 拿起，拾起，捡起
11．make ________ 及时到达；成功
12．________ all 毕竟；终究；别忘了；尽管
Ⅱ.教材原句
1 ． Well, maybe I ____________________ too much. After all, it's only 30
degrees outside.
或许是我担心得太多了。毕竟，外面只有 30 度！
2．But ________ Mom kept on reminding us, we were all together and safe.
但是就像妈妈不断提醒我们的那样，我们在一起而且很安全。
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Mr. Smith was really annoyed that the watch he had repaired was nowhere
____________ (see).
2 ． The ____________ (announce) that US would withdraw from Paris
Agreement was a shock to all.
3．________ occurred to him that he had an important conference to attend the
next morning.
4．In his own restaurant, he would ________ (immediate) fire any employee who
was rude to a customer.
5．Stop talking, the weatherman ____________ (forecast) the weather of the
coming week on TV.
6．In the past, the respect for teachers was driven by the belief that they were
________ (rely) sources of knowledge.
7．There's no snake known that will habitually attack the human being unless
________ (threat) with its life.
8．Bob's father is very common; you can't pick him ________ easily in the crowd.
9 ． Dressed in a space suit in the base, the young man looks more like an
astronaut I ________________ (admire).
10．Up to now, the program has saved thousands of children who ________
otherwise ________ (die).
Unit 6 Disaster and hope
Section Ⅳ Writing
知识精练
[遣词]
1．fashionable 2.widely 3.function 4.include 5.autodyne
6．remarkable 7.suitable 8.mobile phone 9.high-tech
10．at home and abroad 11.surf the Internet 12.take photos
13．play games 14.newly-developed 15.in size 16.in weight
[造句]
1．(1)a high-tech product (2)is widely used at home and abroad
(3)include calling，texting, surfing the Internet；photos
(4)It is produced (5)most remarkable feature (6)It is small in size (7)makes
it suitable
2．(8)that is widely used (9)Produced by; which makes it suitable
[成篇]
This fashionable mobile phone is a high-tech product that is widely used at home
and abroad. Its main functions include calling, texting, surfing the Internet, taking
photos and playing games.What's more, this newly-developed phone has the
beautifying function, so if you are a person who likes autodyning, it is the best choice
for you. Produced by the most successful company, its most remarkable feature is that
it is small in size, light in weight and is easy to carry, which makes it suitable for
people of all ages.
单元知识回顾
Ⅰ.重点词汇
1．immediately
2．occur(s) to sb.; to do
3．an; to sb.; is announced; announcer
4．forecast
5．rely; on; sb. to do sth.; on it
6．sb's rescue; from; team
7．to be; from; get/go
8．and; or
9．threatened; to do sth.; sb. with sth.
10．up 11.it 12.after
Ⅱ.教材原句
1．have been worrying 2.as
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1 ． to be seen 2.announcement 3.It 4.immediately 5.is forecasting
6.reliable 7.threatened 8.out 9.have been admiring 10.would; have died