2023年中考英语非谓语动词--不定式课件(共16张PPT)

(共16张PPT)
中考英语
非谓语动词之
不定式
一、动词不定式
1.构成
基本形式：①to+动词原形②省略to的不定式构成；否定形式：not to do sth
2.句法功能
(1)作主语
1)相当于名词或代词的功能，谓语动词用三单形式
如： To learn English well is very useful.
To speak to old people like that is impolite.
=It is impolite to speak to old people like that.
那样和老人说话是不礼貌的。
2)常转换为it作形式主语： It+be+adj.+for/
of sb./sth.to do sth 如： It's good for our health to do morning exercises.
3)除了good,bad, difficult, easy, (un)necessary, (in)convenient, (im)possible等形容词后必须用for之外，其余表性格，品德 的形容词后统一用of，如： It's really kind of you to help me.
(2)作宾语
1)用于表命令、打算或希望等的词后，常见词：afford,agree,decide,expect, hope, manage, offer, plan, refuse，choose,pretend, want,promise,arrange, would like等
如： To his surprise,they all agreed to go with him.
I hope to be a policeman.我希望成为一名警察。
2)think,find,make等词后常用形式宾语it替代不定式作宾语
如： Liu Hao's team members find it difficult to work with him.
(3)作定语：相当于形容词，置于名词后面
如: I have some work to do.
a.被修饰词与不定式之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。
Liu Yang is the first Chinese woman astronaut to enter the space.(主谓关系）
b.不定式和被修饰词是逻辑上的动宾关系。如果不定式是不及物动词，要在不定式后加上相应的介词。
I have much homework to do.（动宾关系）
They could not find a place to live in.（动宾关系）
c.不定式说明被修饰的内容。不定式与被修饰词之间是同位关系。
He has a chance to go abroad.
(4)作表语：表示主语的具体内容、目的等
如: My plan is to see him.
My job is to keep the goal.我的工作是守住球门。
His dream is to be a famous scientist.
(5)作状语
1)表目的 如： He sang a song to/in order to/so as to please her.
To arrive there on time, I got up one hour earlier than usual.
In ancient China, food was stored with ice to keep it fresh.
2)表结果, 如：I am too tired to do sports.
It’s never too late to learn.
The room is large enough to hold the meeting.
He woke up only to find everybody gone.
(6)作宾语补足语
1)常接动词不定式作宾补的动词： persuade,advise, allow, ask, encourage, expect, help, invite, teach,tell, want, wish,forbid,order,want,cause,warn,would like等
如： They asked us not to run in the hallway.
Mr. White persuaded Tom not to smoke any more.
2)使役动词let,make及感官动词后用不带to的动词不定式作宾补
如： Let me give you some advice about Chinese customs.
I sat near her and heard her sing the new song.
The children were seen to run down the street.
常见的感官动词和使役动词
1.hear听
2.watch 观察
3.listen to 听
4.feel 感觉
5.observe 观察
6.let/have/make 使
7.notice注意到
8.see 看
3.其他用法
(1)疑问词+不定式
1)作主语 如 ：Where to live is a problem.
(2)作宾语 如： I asked Tom when to take off.
We are talking about how to solve the problem.
(2)动词不定式的特殊句型
1)feel+adj.+to do sth.
2)too...to...
3)It's one's turn to do sth.
4)It's time to do sth.