人教版（2019） 必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions过基础·语基落实（含答案）
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必修第二册 UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
过基础·语基落实
(一)分类识记单词——用时少·功效高
识记单词写对
Ⅰ.知其意
1．Confucius n. ____________
2．philosophy n. ____________
3．kingdom n. ____________
4．currency n. ____________
5．military adj. ____________
6．conquer vt. ____________
7．butter n. ____________
vt. ____________
8．ancestor n. ____________
9．courtyard n. ____________
10．county n. ____________
11．dot n. ____________
vt. ____________
12．wine n. ____________
13．beer n. ____________
14．striking adj. ____________
Ⅱ.写其形
1．________ adj.最重要的；最高级别的 n. (公司或机构的)首领；酋长
2．________ n．战役；搏斗 vi. & vt.搏斗；奋斗
3．________ n．港口(城市)
4．________ n. 收费；指控；主管 vt. 收费；控告；充电
5．________ n. (艺术作品的)展览馆；画廊
6．________ n．方法；途径；接近 vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vi. 靠近
7．________ n．大海；海洋
8．________ n．酒吧；酒馆
9．________ n. (陆上，尤指乡村的)风景
10．________ n．点心；小吃
11．________ vi. & vt.(使)翻滚；(使)滚动 n．卷(轴)；翻滚
12．________ vi.& n．吼叫；咆哮
13．________ n．盛宴；宴会；节日
核心单词练透
1．Drinking a moderate ________(数量) of tea can help people relax, but don't drink too much because it may make you overexcited.[2023·辽宁省实验中学考前模拟]
2．David stood firmly in his ________(位置), ignoring anything around.[2022·新课标卷读后续写]
3．People celebrate Dragon Boat Festival in memory of Qu Yuan, a Chinese ________ (诗人)．
4．I stared into Mom's eyes, ________(渴望) for a positive answer.
5．She lived a simple life, but she was so ________(慷慨的) to the people in need of help.
6．The power of the ________(个人) is limited，while the power of the masses is limitless.
拓展单词用活
【记全记牢】
1．belong vi. 应在(某处)；适应→________n. 归属→________n. 所有物；财产
2．defend vt.保护；保卫→________n．防御；保卫
3．legal adj.法律的；合法的→________adj.不合法的
4．evident adj.清楚的；明白的；显而易见的；显然的→________n．证据；证明
5．locate vt.位于，坐落于→________n．地方；地点；位置
6．fascinate vt.使着迷，使神魂颠倒→________adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的
7．sure adj.确信的，可靠的→________vt.保证；确保；担保
8．generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的；丰富的→________n. 慷慨，大方；宽宏大量
9．eager adj.热切的；渴望的→________adv.热心地；急切地→________n．渴望；热心
10．greet vt.问候；迎接→________n．问候，招呼
【用准用活】
11．She wore a ________ expression on her face because she was ______ about a ______ problem. (puzzle)
12．We always dream of having a house ________ by trees, flowers and grass. If we can live in such beautiful ________， we must be happy every day. As is known, the ________ things can always have a positive effect on us. (surround)
13．I hold the firm belief that you are bound to ________ your dream of being admitted to a key university，which will give you a wonderful sense of ________．(achieve)
14．Mary ________ to her teammates that she was to marry a Chinese boy. The ________ of their marriage would appear in the local newspaper next week. (announce)
15．The meeting room is quite ________，with a lot of people ________ in it.(crowd)
(二)语境记忆短语——不枯燥·兴趣高
记全记牢
1．____________ 把……和……连接或联结起来
2．____________ 脱离；背叛；逃脱
3．____________ 属于
4．____________ 同(一样也)；和；还
5．____________ 留心；留意
6．____________ 负责，管理
7．____________ 追溯至
8．____________ 对……有很大的影响
9．____________ 接管，掌管
10．____________ 留下
用准用活
选用左栏短语填空
1．Pay attention to the local customs and habits; seek to understand them. It's always worth __________．
2．This is what happened when the United States ____________________ England.
3．Today, I'm honored to be here to share with you the benefits of sports ________________ my personal experiences.[2023·枣庄市高三第三次调研]
4．As we can see, the island ________ the mainland by a bridge.
5．Chinese, Maths, English, Physics, Chemistry and Biology all ____________ the College Entrance Examination subjects.
·会积累 联想拓展·
1．后缀-ness高频名词荟萃
①darkness 黑暗
②sickness 疾病
③rudeness 无礼
④eagerness 渴望，热心
⑤sadness 悲伤
⑥kindness 善良
2．en-前缀和-en后缀改变词性
①rich→v.enrich 使富裕
②able→v.enable 使能够
③sure→v.ensure 确保；担保
④large→v.enlarge 加大
⑤short→v.shorten 缩短；使变短
⑥courage→v.encourage 鼓励
3．“除……以外”一家亲
①apart from除……外(还有/没有)
②aside from 除……外(还有/没有)
③besides 除……外(还有)
④as well as 除……之外(也)
⑤in addition 此外
⑥in addition to 此外
(三)仿写用活句式——造佳句·表达高
句式背诵 句式仿写
句型1 the way后省略that/in which的定语从句 They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the way people built houses． 他们引进了最初的英语，并且改变了人们建造房屋的方式。 1.日常生活中发生的事情会改变你看待世界的方式。 Something that happens in your daily life will change ______________________________．
句型2 with复合结构 The peaceful landscape of the“Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes，with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle. “绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。 2.由于他们仍旧气喘吁吁、心跳飞快，他们相信刚刚所发生的事是真的。(读后续写之紧张心理描写) As they were still breathless, ________________________________，they were convinced that what had happened just now was true.
句型3 if条件状语从句的省略形式 So what is the difference between them, if any 如果有的话，那么它们之间有什么区别呢？ 3.我是李华，我想知道周末你是否有空。如果有空咱们面谈有关餐桌礼仪的问题。 I'm Li Hua, I'm wondering if you are available at the weekend. ______________.
攻重难·解惑释疑
练学核心单词
1belong vi.应在(某处)；适应( belonging n．(U)归属；(pl.)所有物；财产)
(1)belong to属于；是……的成员；是……的组成部分
belong to无被动语态和进行时，常用v.-ing形式作定语；
(2)a sense of belonging归属感[练透] 单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译
(1)The taxi driver often reminds passengers to take their ________ (belong) when they get off the car.
(2)正是由于我慷慨善良的同学们我才有了归属感。
It is because of my generous and kind-hearted classmates ________________________________．
(3)众所周知，中国属于第三世界。
①As is known to us , China ____________ the Third World.
②It is known to us that China is a country ______________________________．(现在分词作定语)
2surround vt.围绕；包围( surrounding adj.周围的；附近的 surroundings n．周围的事物；环境)
(1)surround...with...
用……包围/围绕……
be surrounded by/with...
被……包围
(2)the surrounding country
附近的国家
[练透] 单句语法填空/完成句子/完成句子
①________ (surround)yourself with people who'll provide you with support can be very beneficial.
②Would you please offer me some beneficial advice on how to adapt to the unfamiliar ________(surround)
③绿树掩映，这个农场坐落于我们学校附近的山脚下。一条小河曲曲折折穿行其中。[2020·全国Ⅱ，书面表达]
____________________________，the farm is located at the foot of the hill near our school.There is a small river flowing through the farm.
3charge n．收费；指控；主管 vt.收费；控告；充电
(1)in charge 主管；看管
in charge of 掌握；负责
in the charge of 在……掌管之下
take charge of 掌管；负责；控制
(2)free of charge 免费
(3)charge sb. for... 因……向某人收费
charge sb. with sth. 控告某人某事
[练透] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The shop owner charged me nothing ________ the noodles, I felt a wave of warmth and gratitude welling up within me. (读后续写情感描写)
②Two men involved in the accident have been arrested and charged ________ drunken driving.
③上周我们就市民是否可以免费使用科学博物馆展开了热烈的讨论。
Last week we had a heated debate about ____________________________________．
④我将负责一个主题班会，旨在向外国人介绍中国传统文化。[2021·全国甲，书面表达]
I will ______________________ designed to introduce traditional Chinese cultures to foreigners.
4amount n．数量；金额 v．总计，共计； 等于
(1)the amount of...……的数量
(2)“大量/少量的”表达：
a large/small amount of＋n.[U]＋v.(单数)
large/small amounts of＋n.[U]＋v.(复数)
(3)amount to共计，总计；等于，相当于
[练透] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①So far, a large amount of money raised in the charity sale ____________ (donate) to the local school. (活动介绍)
②为了解决这个问题，我们应该节约资源，以减少垃圾的数量。[环境保护，2022·辽宁省实验中学考前模拟]
To solve the problem, we should economize on resources in order that ____________________________________．
③为了保持健康，有规律的适量锻炼是相当必要的。(应用文写作之建议信)
In order to keep healthy, ______________________________________．
④暑假期间我总共挣了300美元，这笔钱可以帮助养活我的家人。[2021·浙江6月卷读后续写]
The money I earned during the summer holiday ____________________________，which could help support my family.
5approach n．接近；方法；途径 vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vi.靠近
(1)an approach to (doing) sth. (做某事的)方法/途径
at the approach of 在快到……的时候
(2)be approaching 正在/将要接近
(3)approach sth./sb. 接近某物/某人
[练透] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The figures of the chart show there are various approaches to ________(learn)English beyond the classroom. [2022·全国乙卷书面表达]
②As David ________(approach) the finish line, all the runners cheered him on. [2022·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写]
③With the Mid-Autumn Festival ________(approach), I'd like to invite you to join us in celebrating it.
＝________ the approach of the Mid-Autumn Festival, I'd like to invite you to join us in celebrating it. (邀请信)．
④简颤抖着站起来，向丈夫走去，扑进他的怀里，在他的肩膀上哭个不停。(读后续写之动作描写)
Jane got to her feet shakily，________________________ and threw herself into his arms，sobbing uncontrollably on his shoulders.
6eager adj.渴望的；热切的( eagerly adv.热切地；急切地 eagerness n．热切；渴望)
(1)be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事
be eager for sth. 渴望得到某物
(2)with eagerness 热切地；急切地
hide one's eagerness 掩饰某人的渴望
[练透] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①To perform well, we are eager ________ your professional advice. [2020·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达]
②He ________(eager) wanted to give a special present to Grandma, but he was short of money.
③最后，我非常渴望想知道中国传统文化的哪方面最能激起你的好奇心。[2021·全国甲卷书面表达]
Eventually, ________________ which aspects of Chinese traditional culture arouse your curiosity most.
④当这个男孩被问及是否想要一个生日礼物的时候，他无法掩饰他的渴望。(读后续写之心理描写)
When asked whether he wanted a gift for his birthday, ____________________________________．
划重点 练全易错点
维度一 词形转换和动词形式变化
1. When we finally arrived, we sat in a ________(crowd) waiting room.[2023·沈阳市质量监测三]
2．________(locate) where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.
3．Knowing some tips will help ________(sure)that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family—no matter where you are in the world.[2022·全国甲卷]
4．The ________(roll) sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we humans are.[2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ]
5．Many people at the meeting came from the ________ (surround) towns, most of whom found the updated report really ________(puzzle)．
6．Now that they have made great ________ (achieve), they are looking forward to the celebration ________ (eager).
7．My dream is to become an ________(announce)in the next semester, which would entitle me to share the students' writing and my favorite articles. [2023·广东省综合测试三]
8．Without your ________(generous) and inspiration, I would not made such ________(strike) progress.
维度二 固定用法和搭配
The Chinatown in San Francisco attracts ①________ (crowd) of visitors each year. The climate is mild all year round, ②________ (ensure) that it is always a good time to visit.
Keep your eyes open, and you can have fun exploring the ③________ (fascinate) sights, ④________ (custom) and traditional Chinese culture in real life, such as games of Chinese chess and people practicing tai chi. The stores there offer a unique range of goods as well ⑤________ clothing. There are Chinese tea shops, where visitors can taste and buy ⑥________ large amount of Chinese tea. But there is evidence ⑦________ many tourists are eager ⑧________ (see) its traditional dishes from all over China.
掌握短语和句式
1break away(from sb./sth.) 突然离开；脱离；背叛；逃脱
break down (机器等)出故障； (身体) 垮掉， (精神)崩溃； 失败； 分解
break in 闯入， 强行进入
break out 突然发生
break up 粉碎； 分裂； (婚姻等)结束
[练透] break短语填空/完成句子
①My dog suddenly ________________________ me，charged at the door and began to bark fiercely.(读后续写之动作描写)
②He was charging his mobile phone when the fire ____________．
③Fred has given me no good reason for being eager to ____________our marriage.
④听到这个消息，他崩溃了，眼泪从脸颊流下来。(读后续写之神态描写)
__________________________， tears pouring down his cheeks.
2as well as 同(一样也)；和；还
(1)as well as “既……，又……”，用来连接两个并列成分，后接动词时多用-ing形式；
(2)当“A as well as B”结构作主语时，谓语动词应与A在人称和数方面保持一致。
(3)as well as...同……一样好
(4)may/might as well do sth.做某事也无妨
(5)as well “也”，置于肯定句句末
[练透] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①As well as ________ (have) difficulty adapting herself to the new school life, she found the culture difference was another challenge for her.
②Our headteacher as well as five student representatives ____________(invite) to deliver a speech at yesterday's coming-of-age ceremony. [2020·天津，书面表达]
③她泪如泉涌，心也要碎了。(读后续写之情感描写)
Tears welled up in her eyes, and __________________．
④如果不喜欢游泳，你不妨慢跑。
If you do not like swimming, you ______________________________________________________．
3句型：if条件状语从句的省略形式
if any(如果有的话)是一个省略句，相当于if (there is/are) any...。
if not 如果不是这样的话
if so 如果是这样的话
if ever 如果曾有的话
if necessary 如果有必要的话
if possible 如果可能的话(教材)So what is the difference between them, if any
如果有的话，那么它们之间有什么区别呢？
[练透] 完成句子/句型转换
①____________ (如果是这样的话), I wonder if you could take the trouble to send me my wallet.
②There may be some mistakes in my composition. ____________(如果有的话), please help me point them out.
③________________(如果不方便), let me know what time suits you best. [2021·北京高考道歉信]
④If it is necessary，our school will provide the students with the language training courses.
→____________，our school will provide the students with the language training courses.
4句型：with复合结构
with复合结构在句中作状语和定语，其结构为：
(1)with＋宾语＋介词短语/形容词/副词；
(2)with＋宾语＋doing表示主动或进行；
(3)with＋宾语＋done表示被动或完成；
(4)with＋宾语＋to do表示将来的动作。(教材)The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.
“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
[练透] 单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级
(1)With too much work ____________(do)，I suffer from anxiety and can't sleep well at night.
(2)With all the preparations ________(make)，he jumped with joy，his eyes glittering with excitement. (读后续写之兴奋心理描写)
(3) 她热泪盈眶地见证了女儿的婚礼。
____________________________， she witnessed her daughter's wedding.
(4)Tom threw himself into his mother's arms and tears of shame and embarrassment welled up in his eyes.(读后续写之羞愧心理描写)
→①Tom threw himself into his mother's arms, ______________________________．(with复合结构)
→②Tom threw himself into his mother's arms, ______________________________．(独立主格结构)
划重点 练透热考点
维度一 单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级
1.All the passengers must have their luggage ________ (check) before boarding the plane.
2．Ensure that you get your battery ________ (charge) before you set off from your office.
3．为了保持我们安全和健康，我们最好从现在起明智地使用电子设备。(keep＋宾语＋宾补)
In order to ____________________， we'd better use electronic devices wisely from now on.
4．知道你渴望学习做一道中国菜，我写信给你推荐一道。
____________________________， I'm writing to recommend one to you.[推荐信，2023·南京市考前训练一]
5．Paper cutting has a history of over 1，500 years. Paper cutting belongs to traditional art in China.
→__________________________________________________________. (分词短语作定语)
维度二 应用文练习
根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇
Learning ①________________ (你渴望来北京游玩), I'd like to recommend the Summer Palace to you, the most complete royal garden in China.
Its main attractions consist of Kunming Lake, Wanshou Hill ②____________ (也) the 17-Arch Bridge. When you wander around it, you will find ③________________________________________ (古代中国人建造如此引人注目的建筑真是令人惊讶). Ensure that you avoid holidays when ④____________________ (挤满游客). While visiting the palace, ⑤__________ (留心), and you will surely ⑥______________________ (被报以视觉盛宴).
⑦____________ (如果必要的话), I'm ⑧________________ (非常乐意) to act as your guide.
测效果·素养提能
维度一 清除阅读障碍
Ⅰ.一词多义练
根据语境选出crowd的含义
A．n.人群；一群人 B．n.民众 C．vt.& vi.(想法或观点)涌入(脑子) D．v.聚集；涌向
1．The air smelled of the best bread baked, and customers soon crowded into the store, making the street crowded. (读后续写之场景描写)________
2．I quickly searched the crowd for the school's coach and asked him what had happened. [2022·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写]________
3．The happy memory of getting along with my best friend crowded in on me/crowded into my mind. ________
4．We all like to think we stand out from the crowd．________
Ⅱ.熟词生义练
1．The wind picked up and thunder rolled. [2022·新高考Ⅰ卷]
____________
2．Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.[2021·全国甲卷]
____________
3．The helicopter landed near our camp and its loud noises scared the bear. He looked irritated and charged at us again. [2020·浙江7月卷读后续写]
____________
4．Nicolo and another bidder battled until Nicolo finally won the paintings for $32.[2020·全国Ⅱ卷]
____________
维度二 读后续写微技能——情感细节描写之“后悔”“内疚”和“自责”
积 累 常 诵
形容词/副词 guilty, regretful, guiltily
名词/动词 guilt, regret
固定短语 ①much to one's regret/to one's great regret 令某人深感遗憾的是 ②with deep/great regret 很遗憾地 ③be full of guilt/be consumed with guilt 满心愧疚 ④a feeling of guilt 内疚感
第一步：按要求利用“后悔、内疚和自责”的表达或其他烘托人物“后悔、内疚和自责”的描述补全以下各句，并背诵
①看着安妮泪流满面的脸，我开始感到后悔和内疚。
Looking at Anne's face wet with tears, ______________________________________.
②安妮发出后悔的喊声：“我真傻。”
__________________________， “I'm so silly.”
③我还没来得及说话，她就冲了出去，留下我后悔不迭。
She dashed out before I could say a word, and ______________________. (介词短语)
She dashed out before I could say a word, ________________________. (分词作状语)
④我僵在那里，眼里含着后悔的泪水。要是我没和安妮吵架该多好啊！
I froze there, ________________________________________________________________________.
________________________________________________________________________!
⑤我满心愧疚，冲出去向安妮道歉。
________________________________， I rushed out to apologize to Anne. (with复合结构)
第二步：将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵成文，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇
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UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
过基础 语基落实
(一)分类识记单词
识记单词写对
Ⅰ.知其意
1．孔子 2.哲学 3.王国；领域 4.通货；货币 5.军事的；军用的 6.占领；征服；控制 7.黄油；奶油 涂黄油于 8.祖宗；祖先 9.庭院；院子 10.(英国、爱尔兰的)郡；(美国的)县 11.点；小(圆)点 加点；遍布 12.葡萄酒；果酒 13.(一杯)啤酒 14.引人注目的；显著的
Ⅱ.写其形
1．chief 2.battle 3.port 4.charge 5.gallery 6.approach
7．ocean 8.pub 9.landscape 10.snack 11.roll 12.roar
13．feast
核心单词练透
1．amount 2.position 3.poet 4.eager 5.generous 6.individual
拓展单词用活
[记全记牢]
1．belonging belongings 2.defence 3.illegal 4.evidence 5.location 6.fascinating 7.ensure 8.generosity 9.eagerly eagerness 10.greeting
[用准用活]
11．puzzled puzzled puzzling 12.surrounded surroundings surrounding 13.achieve achievement
14．announced announcement 15.crowded crowding
(二)语境记忆短语
记全记牢
1．join...to... 2.break away (from sb./sth.) 3.belong to
4．as well as 5.keep your eyes open (for) 6.in charge 7.date back to 8.have a great influence on 9.take over 10.leave behind
用准用活
1．keeping your eyes open 2.broke away from 3.as well as
4．is joined to 5.belong to
(三)仿写用活句式
1．the way you look at the world 2.with their hearts beating wildly 3.If so, let's have a face to face talk about table manners
攻重难 解惑释疑
练学核心单词
1．(1)belongings (2)that I feel a sense of belonging (3)①belongs to ②belonging to the Third World
2．①Surrounding ②surroundings ③Surrounded by green trees
3．①for ②with ③whether citizens can access the Science Museum free of charge/for free ④be in charge of/take charge of a theme class meeting
4．①has been donated ②we can reduce the amount of garbage ③a proper amount of regular exercise is quite necessary ④amounted to 300 dollars
5．①learning ②approached ③approaching At ④approached her husband
6．①for ②eagerly ③I am strongly eager to know ④the boy couldn't hide his eagerness
划重点 练全易错点
维度一
1．crowded 2.Located 3.ensure 4.rolling 5.surrounding puzzling 6.achievements eagerly 7.announcer 8.generosity striking
维度二
①crowds ②ensuring ③fascinating ④customs ⑤as ⑥a ⑦that ⑧to see
掌握短语和句式
1．①broke away from ②broke out ③break up ④He broke down at the news
2．①having ②was invited ③her heart seemed to be torn as well ④may as well go jogging
3．①If so ②If any ③If not convenient ④If necessary
4．(1)to do (2)made (3)With tears of joy in her eyes (4)①with tears of shame and embarrassment welling up in his eyes ②tears of shame and embarrassment welling up in his eyes
划重点 练透热考点
维度一
1．checked 2.charged 3.keep us safe and healthy 4.Knowing that you're eager to learn to cook a Chinese dish 5.Paper cutting belonging to traditional art in China has a history of over 1，500 years
维度二
①you are eager to visit Beijing ②as well as ③it is surprising that the ancient Chinese should have built such striking buildings ④it is crowded with visitors ⑤keep your eyes open ⑥be rewarded with a feast for the eyes ⑦If necessary ⑧more than willing
测效果 素养提能
维度一
Ⅰ.1.D 2.A 3.C 4.B
Ⅱ.1.vi. (雷或鼓)隆隆作响 2.vt. 安置；把……放在适当位置 3.vi. 向……冲去 4.vi.争夺
维度二
第一步
①I began to feel regretful and guilty ②Anne let out a cry of regret ③left me dumb with deep regret leaving me dumb with deep regret ④with regretful tears in my eyes If only I had not quarreled with Anne ⑤With guilt and regret flowing in my mind
第二步
Looking at Anne's face wet with tears, I began to feel regretful and guilty.Suddenly, Anne let out a cry of regret, “I'm so silly.” Then she dashed out before I could say a word, leaving me dumb with deep regret. I froze there, with regretful tears in my eyes. If only I had not quarreled with Anne! Finally, with guilt and regret flowing in my mind, I rushed out to apologize to Anne.
过基础·语基落实
(一)分类识记单词——用时少·功效高
识记单词写对
Ⅰ.知其意
1．Confucius n. ____________
2．philosophy n. ____________
3．kingdom n. ____________
4．currency n. ____________
5．military adj. ____________
6．conquer vt. ____________
7．butter n. ____________
vt. ____________
8．ancestor n. ____________
9．courtyard n. ____________
10．county n. ____________
11．dot n. ____________
vt. ____________
12．wine n. ____________
13．beer n. ____________
14．striking adj. ____________
Ⅱ.写其形
1．________ adj.最重要的；最高级别的 n. (公司或机构的)首领；酋长
2．________ n．战役；搏斗 vi. & vt.搏斗；奋斗
3．________ n．港口(城市)
4．________ n. 收费；指控；主管 vt. 收费；控告；充电
5．________ n. (艺术作品的)展览馆；画廊
6．________ n．方法；途径；接近 vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vi. 靠近
7．________ n．大海；海洋
8．________ n．酒吧；酒馆
9．________ n. (陆上，尤指乡村的)风景
10．________ n．点心；小吃
11．________ vi. & vt.(使)翻滚；(使)滚动 n．卷(轴)；翻滚
12．________ vi.& n．吼叫；咆哮
13．________ n．盛宴；宴会；节日
核心单词练透
1．Drinking a moderate ________(数量) of tea can help people relax, but don't drink too much because it may make you overexcited.[2023·辽宁省实验中学考前模拟]
2．David stood firmly in his ________(位置), ignoring anything around.[2022·新课标卷读后续写]
3．People celebrate Dragon Boat Festival in memory of Qu Yuan, a Chinese ________ (诗人)．
4．I stared into Mom's eyes, ________(渴望) for a positive answer.
5．She lived a simple life, but she was so ________(慷慨的) to the people in need of help.
6．The power of the ________(个人) is limited，while the power of the masses is limitless.
拓展单词用活
【记全记牢】
1．belong vi. 应在(某处)；适应→________n. 归属→________n. 所有物；财产
2．defend vt.保护；保卫→________n．防御；保卫
3．legal adj.法律的；合法的→________adj.不合法的
4．evident adj.清楚的；明白的；显而易见的；显然的→________n．证据；证明
5．locate vt.位于，坐落于→________n．地方；地点；位置
6．fascinate vt.使着迷，使神魂颠倒→________adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的
7．sure adj.确信的，可靠的→________vt.保证；确保；担保
8．generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的；丰富的→________n. 慷慨，大方；宽宏大量
9．eager adj.热切的；渴望的→________adv.热心地；急切地→________n．渴望；热心
10．greet vt.问候；迎接→________n．问候，招呼
【用准用活】
11．She wore a ________ expression on her face because she was ______ about a ______ problem. (puzzle)
12．We always dream of having a house ________ by trees, flowers and grass. If we can live in such beautiful ________， we must be happy every day. As is known, the ________ things can always have a positive effect on us. (surround)
13．I hold the firm belief that you are bound to ________ your dream of being admitted to a key university，which will give you a wonderful sense of ________．(achieve)
14．Mary ________ to her teammates that she was to marry a Chinese boy. The ________ of their marriage would appear in the local newspaper next week. (announce)
15．The meeting room is quite ________，with a lot of people ________ in it.(crowd)
(二)语境记忆短语——不枯燥·兴趣高
记全记牢
1．____________ 把……和……连接或联结起来
2．____________ 脱离；背叛；逃脱
3．____________ 属于
4．____________ 同(一样也)；和；还
5．____________ 留心；留意
6．____________ 负责，管理
7．____________ 追溯至
8．____________ 对……有很大的影响
9．____________ 接管，掌管
10．____________ 留下
用准用活
选用左栏短语填空
1．Pay attention to the local customs and habits; seek to understand them. It's always worth __________．
2．This is what happened when the United States ____________________ England.
3．Today, I'm honored to be here to share with you the benefits of sports ________________ my personal experiences.[2023·枣庄市高三第三次调研]
4．As we can see, the island ________ the mainland by a bridge.
5．Chinese, Maths, English, Physics, Chemistry and Biology all ____________ the College Entrance Examination subjects.
·会积累 联想拓展·
1．后缀-ness高频名词荟萃
①darkness 黑暗
②sickness 疾病
③rudeness 无礼
④eagerness 渴望，热心
⑤sadness 悲伤
⑥kindness 善良
2．en-前缀和-en后缀改变词性
①rich→v.enrich 使富裕
②able→v.enable 使能够
③sure→v.ensure 确保；担保
④large→v.enlarge 加大
⑤short→v.shorten 缩短；使变短
⑥courage→v.encourage 鼓励
3．“除……以外”一家亲
①apart from除……外(还有/没有)
②aside from 除……外(还有/没有)
③besides 除……外(还有)
④as well as 除……之外(也)
⑤in addition 此外
⑥in addition to 此外
(三)仿写用活句式——造佳句·表达高
句式背诵 句式仿写
句型1 the way后省略that/in which的定语从句 They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the way people built houses． 他们引进了最初的英语，并且改变了人们建造房屋的方式。 1.日常生活中发生的事情会改变你看待世界的方式。 Something that happens in your daily life will change ______________________________．
句型2 with复合结构 The peaceful landscape of the“Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes，with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle. “绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。 2.由于他们仍旧气喘吁吁、心跳飞快，他们相信刚刚所发生的事是真的。(读后续写之紧张心理描写) As they were still breathless, ________________________________，they were convinced that what had happened just now was true.
句型3 if条件状语从句的省略形式 So what is the difference between them, if any 如果有的话，那么它们之间有什么区别呢？ 3.我是李华，我想知道周末你是否有空。如果有空咱们面谈有关餐桌礼仪的问题。 I'm Li Hua, I'm wondering if you are available at the weekend. ______________.
攻重难·解惑释疑
练学核心单词
1belong vi.应在(某处)；适应( belonging n．(U)归属；(pl.)所有物；财产)
(1)belong to属于；是……的成员；是……的组成部分
belong to无被动语态和进行时，常用v.-ing形式作定语；
(2)a sense of belonging归属感[练透] 单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译
(1)The taxi driver often reminds passengers to take their ________ (belong) when they get off the car.
(2)正是由于我慷慨善良的同学们我才有了归属感。
It is because of my generous and kind-hearted classmates ________________________________．
(3)众所周知，中国属于第三世界。
①As is known to us , China ____________ the Third World.
②It is known to us that China is a country ______________________________．(现在分词作定语)
2surround vt.围绕；包围( surrounding adj.周围的；附近的 surroundings n．周围的事物；环境)
(1)surround...with...
用……包围/围绕……
be surrounded by/with...
被……包围
(2)the surrounding country
附近的国家
[练透] 单句语法填空/完成句子/完成句子
①________ (surround)yourself with people who'll provide you with support can be very beneficial.
②Would you please offer me some beneficial advice on how to adapt to the unfamiliar ________(surround)
③绿树掩映，这个农场坐落于我们学校附近的山脚下。一条小河曲曲折折穿行其中。[2020·全国Ⅱ，书面表达]
____________________________，the farm is located at the foot of the hill near our school.There is a small river flowing through the farm.
3charge n．收费；指控；主管 vt.收费；控告；充电
(1)in charge 主管；看管
in charge of 掌握；负责
in the charge of 在……掌管之下
take charge of 掌管；负责；控制
(2)free of charge 免费
(3)charge sb. for... 因……向某人收费
charge sb. with sth. 控告某人某事
[练透] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The shop owner charged me nothing ________ the noodles, I felt a wave of warmth and gratitude welling up within me. (读后续写情感描写)
②Two men involved in the accident have been arrested and charged ________ drunken driving.
③上周我们就市民是否可以免费使用科学博物馆展开了热烈的讨论。
Last week we had a heated debate about ____________________________________．
④我将负责一个主题班会，旨在向外国人介绍中国传统文化。[2021·全国甲，书面表达]
I will ______________________ designed to introduce traditional Chinese cultures to foreigners.
4amount n．数量；金额 v．总计，共计； 等于
(1)the amount of...……的数量
(2)“大量/少量的”表达：
a large/small amount of＋n.[U]＋v.(单数)
large/small amounts of＋n.[U]＋v.(复数)
(3)amount to共计，总计；等于，相当于
[练透] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①So far, a large amount of money raised in the charity sale ____________ (donate) to the local school. (活动介绍)
②为了解决这个问题，我们应该节约资源，以减少垃圾的数量。[环境保护，2022·辽宁省实验中学考前模拟]
To solve the problem, we should economize on resources in order that ____________________________________．
③为了保持健康，有规律的适量锻炼是相当必要的。(应用文写作之建议信)
In order to keep healthy, ______________________________________．
④暑假期间我总共挣了300美元，这笔钱可以帮助养活我的家人。[2021·浙江6月卷读后续写]
The money I earned during the summer holiday ____________________________，which could help support my family.
5approach n．接近；方法；途径 vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vi.靠近
(1)an approach to (doing) sth. (做某事的)方法/途径
at the approach of 在快到……的时候
(2)be approaching 正在/将要接近
(3)approach sth./sb. 接近某物/某人
[练透] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The figures of the chart show there are various approaches to ________(learn)English beyond the classroom. [2022·全国乙卷书面表达]
②As David ________(approach) the finish line, all the runners cheered him on. [2022·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写]
③With the Mid-Autumn Festival ________(approach), I'd like to invite you to join us in celebrating it.
＝________ the approach of the Mid-Autumn Festival, I'd like to invite you to join us in celebrating it. (邀请信)．
④简颤抖着站起来，向丈夫走去，扑进他的怀里，在他的肩膀上哭个不停。(读后续写之动作描写)
Jane got to her feet shakily，________________________ and threw herself into his arms，sobbing uncontrollably on his shoulders.
6eager adj.渴望的；热切的( eagerly adv.热切地；急切地 eagerness n．热切；渴望)
(1)be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事
be eager for sth. 渴望得到某物
(2)with eagerness 热切地；急切地
hide one's eagerness 掩饰某人的渴望
[练透] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①To perform well, we are eager ________ your professional advice. [2020·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达]
②He ________(eager) wanted to give a special present to Grandma, but he was short of money.
③最后，我非常渴望想知道中国传统文化的哪方面最能激起你的好奇心。[2021·全国甲卷书面表达]
Eventually, ________________ which aspects of Chinese traditional culture arouse your curiosity most.
④当这个男孩被问及是否想要一个生日礼物的时候，他无法掩饰他的渴望。(读后续写之心理描写)
When asked whether he wanted a gift for his birthday, ____________________________________．
划重点 练全易错点
维度一 词形转换和动词形式变化
1. When we finally arrived, we sat in a ________(crowd) waiting room.[2023·沈阳市质量监测三]
2．________(locate) where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.
3．Knowing some tips will help ________(sure)that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family—no matter where you are in the world.[2022·全国甲卷]
4．The ________(roll) sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we humans are.[2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ]
5．Many people at the meeting came from the ________ (surround) towns, most of whom found the updated report really ________(puzzle)．
6．Now that they have made great ________ (achieve), they are looking forward to the celebration ________ (eager).
7．My dream is to become an ________(announce)in the next semester, which would entitle me to share the students' writing and my favorite articles. [2023·广东省综合测试三]
8．Without your ________(generous) and inspiration, I would not made such ________(strike) progress.
维度二 固定用法和搭配
The Chinatown in San Francisco attracts ①________ (crowd) of visitors each year. The climate is mild all year round, ②________ (ensure) that it is always a good time to visit.
Keep your eyes open, and you can have fun exploring the ③________ (fascinate) sights, ④________ (custom) and traditional Chinese culture in real life, such as games of Chinese chess and people practicing tai chi. The stores there offer a unique range of goods as well ⑤________ clothing. There are Chinese tea shops, where visitors can taste and buy ⑥________ large amount of Chinese tea. But there is evidence ⑦________ many tourists are eager ⑧________ (see) its traditional dishes from all over China.
掌握短语和句式
1break away(from sb./sth.) 突然离开；脱离；背叛；逃脱
break down (机器等)出故障； (身体) 垮掉， (精神)崩溃； 失败； 分解
break in 闯入， 强行进入
break out 突然发生
break up 粉碎； 分裂； (婚姻等)结束
[练透] break短语填空/完成句子
①My dog suddenly ________________________ me，charged at the door and began to bark fiercely.(读后续写之动作描写)
②He was charging his mobile phone when the fire ____________．
③Fred has given me no good reason for being eager to ____________our marriage.
④听到这个消息，他崩溃了，眼泪从脸颊流下来。(读后续写之神态描写)
__________________________， tears pouring down his cheeks.
2as well as 同(一样也)；和；还
(1)as well as “既……，又……”，用来连接两个并列成分，后接动词时多用-ing形式；
(2)当“A as well as B”结构作主语时，谓语动词应与A在人称和数方面保持一致。
(3)as well as...同……一样好
(4)may/might as well do sth.做某事也无妨
(5)as well “也”，置于肯定句句末
[练透] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①As well as ________ (have) difficulty adapting herself to the new school life, she found the culture difference was another challenge for her.
②Our headteacher as well as five student representatives ____________(invite) to deliver a speech at yesterday's coming-of-age ceremony. [2020·天津，书面表达]
③她泪如泉涌，心也要碎了。(读后续写之情感描写)
Tears welled up in her eyes, and __________________．
④如果不喜欢游泳，你不妨慢跑。
If you do not like swimming, you ______________________________________________________．
3句型：if条件状语从句的省略形式
if any(如果有的话)是一个省略句，相当于if (there is/are) any...。
if not 如果不是这样的话
if so 如果是这样的话
if ever 如果曾有的话
if necessary 如果有必要的话
if possible 如果可能的话(教材)So what is the difference between them, if any
如果有的话，那么它们之间有什么区别呢？
[练透] 完成句子/句型转换
①____________ (如果是这样的话), I wonder if you could take the trouble to send me my wallet.
②There may be some mistakes in my composition. ____________(如果有的话), please help me point them out.
③________________(如果不方便), let me know what time suits you best. [2021·北京高考道歉信]
④If it is necessary，our school will provide the students with the language training courses.
→____________，our school will provide the students with the language training courses.
4句型：with复合结构
with复合结构在句中作状语和定语，其结构为：
(1)with＋宾语＋介词短语/形容词/副词；
(2)with＋宾语＋doing表示主动或进行；
(3)with＋宾语＋done表示被动或完成；
(4)with＋宾语＋to do表示将来的动作。(教材)The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.
“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
[练透] 单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级
(1)With too much work ____________(do)，I suffer from anxiety and can't sleep well at night.
(2)With all the preparations ________(make)，he jumped with joy，his eyes glittering with excitement. (读后续写之兴奋心理描写)
(3) 她热泪盈眶地见证了女儿的婚礼。
____________________________， she witnessed her daughter's wedding.
(4)Tom threw himself into his mother's arms and tears of shame and embarrassment welled up in his eyes.(读后续写之羞愧心理描写)
→①Tom threw himself into his mother's arms, ______________________________．(with复合结构)
→②Tom threw himself into his mother's arms, ______________________________．(独立主格结构)
划重点 练透热考点
维度一 单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级
1.All the passengers must have their luggage ________ (check) before boarding the plane.
2．Ensure that you get your battery ________ (charge) before you set off from your office.
3．为了保持我们安全和健康，我们最好从现在起明智地使用电子设备。(keep＋宾语＋宾补)
In order to ____________________， we'd better use electronic devices wisely from now on.
4．知道你渴望学习做一道中国菜，我写信给你推荐一道。
____________________________， I'm writing to recommend one to you.[推荐信，2023·南京市考前训练一]
5．Paper cutting has a history of over 1，500 years. Paper cutting belongs to traditional art in China.
→__________________________________________________________. (分词短语作定语)
维度二 应用文练习
根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇
Learning ①________________ (你渴望来北京游玩), I'd like to recommend the Summer Palace to you, the most complete royal garden in China.
Its main attractions consist of Kunming Lake, Wanshou Hill ②____________ (也) the 17-Arch Bridge. When you wander around it, you will find ③________________________________________ (古代中国人建造如此引人注目的建筑真是令人惊讶). Ensure that you avoid holidays when ④____________________ (挤满游客). While visiting the palace, ⑤__________ (留心), and you will surely ⑥______________________ (被报以视觉盛宴).
⑦____________ (如果必要的话), I'm ⑧________________ (非常乐意) to act as your guide.
测效果·素养提能
维度一 清除阅读障碍
Ⅰ.一词多义练
根据语境选出crowd的含义
A．n.人群；一群人 B．n.民众 C．vt.& vi.(想法或观点)涌入(脑子) D．v.聚集；涌向
1．The air smelled of the best bread baked, and customers soon crowded into the store, making the street crowded. (读后续写之场景描写)________
2．I quickly searched the crowd for the school's coach and asked him what had happened. [2022·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写]________
3．The happy memory of getting along with my best friend crowded in on me/crowded into my mind. ________
4．We all like to think we stand out from the crowd．________
Ⅱ.熟词生义练
1．The wind picked up and thunder rolled. [2022·新高考Ⅰ卷]
____________
2．Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.[2021·全国甲卷]
____________
3．The helicopter landed near our camp and its loud noises scared the bear. He looked irritated and charged at us again. [2020·浙江7月卷读后续写]
____________
4．Nicolo and another bidder battled until Nicolo finally won the paintings for $32.[2020·全国Ⅱ卷]
____________
维度二 读后续写微技能——情感细节描写之“后悔”“内疚”和“自责”
积 累 常 诵
形容词/副词 guilty, regretful, guiltily
名词/动词 guilt, regret
固定短语 ①much to one's regret/to one's great regret 令某人深感遗憾的是 ②with deep/great regret 很遗憾地 ③be full of guilt/be consumed with guilt 满心愧疚 ④a feeling of guilt 内疚感
第一步：按要求利用“后悔、内疚和自责”的表达或其他烘托人物“后悔、内疚和自责”的描述补全以下各句，并背诵
①看着安妮泪流满面的脸，我开始感到后悔和内疚。
Looking at Anne's face wet with tears, ______________________________________.
②安妮发出后悔的喊声：“我真傻。”
__________________________， “I'm so silly.”
③我还没来得及说话，她就冲了出去，留下我后悔不迭。
She dashed out before I could say a word, and ______________________. (介词短语)
She dashed out before I could say a word, ________________________. (分词作状语)
④我僵在那里，眼里含着后悔的泪水。要是我没和安妮吵架该多好啊！
I froze there, ________________________________________________________________________.
________________________________________________________________________!
⑤我满心愧疚，冲出去向安妮道歉。
________________________________， I rushed out to apologize to Anne. (with复合结构)
第二步：将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵成文，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇
________________________________________________________________________
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UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
过基础 语基落实
(一)分类识记单词
识记单词写对
Ⅰ.知其意
1．孔子 2.哲学 3.王国；领域 4.通货；货币 5.军事的；军用的 6.占领；征服；控制 7.黄油；奶油 涂黄油于 8.祖宗；祖先 9.庭院；院子 10.(英国、爱尔兰的)郡；(美国的)县 11.点；小(圆)点 加点；遍布 12.葡萄酒；果酒 13.(一杯)啤酒 14.引人注目的；显著的
Ⅱ.写其形
1．chief 2.battle 3.port 4.charge 5.gallery 6.approach
7．ocean 8.pub 9.landscape 10.snack 11.roll 12.roar
13．feast
核心单词练透
1．amount 2.position 3.poet 4.eager 5.generous 6.individual
拓展单词用活
[记全记牢]
1．belonging belongings 2.defence 3.illegal 4.evidence 5.location 6.fascinating 7.ensure 8.generosity 9.eagerly eagerness 10.greeting
[用准用活]
11．puzzled puzzled puzzling 12.surrounded surroundings surrounding 13.achieve achievement
14．announced announcement 15.crowded crowding
(二)语境记忆短语
记全记牢
1．join...to... 2.break away (from sb./sth.) 3.belong to
4．as well as 5.keep your eyes open (for) 6.in charge 7.date back to 8.have a great influence on 9.take over 10.leave behind
用准用活
1．keeping your eyes open 2.broke away from 3.as well as
4．is joined to 5.belong to
(三)仿写用活句式
1．the way you look at the world 2.with their hearts beating wildly 3.If so, let's have a face to face talk about table manners
攻重难 解惑释疑
练学核心单词
1．(1)belongings (2)that I feel a sense of belonging (3)①belongs to ②belonging to the Third World
2．①Surrounding ②surroundings ③Surrounded by green trees
3．①for ②with ③whether citizens can access the Science Museum free of charge/for free ④be in charge of/take charge of a theme class meeting
4．①has been donated ②we can reduce the amount of garbage ③a proper amount of regular exercise is quite necessary ④amounted to 300 dollars
5．①learning ②approached ③approaching At ④approached her husband
6．①for ②eagerly ③I am strongly eager to know ④the boy couldn't hide his eagerness
划重点 练全易错点
维度一
1．crowded 2.Located 3.ensure 4.rolling 5.surrounding puzzling 6.achievements eagerly 7.announcer 8.generosity striking
维度二
①crowds ②ensuring ③fascinating ④customs ⑤as ⑥a ⑦that ⑧to see
掌握短语和句式
1．①broke away from ②broke out ③break up ④He broke down at the news
2．①having ②was invited ③her heart seemed to be torn as well ④may as well go jogging
3．①If so ②If any ③If not convenient ④If necessary
4．(1)to do (2)made (3)With tears of joy in her eyes (4)①with tears of shame and embarrassment welling up in his eyes ②tears of shame and embarrassment welling up in his eyes
划重点 练透热考点
维度一
1．checked 2.charged 3.keep us safe and healthy 4.Knowing that you're eager to learn to cook a Chinese dish 5.Paper cutting belonging to traditional art in China has a history of over 1，500 years
维度二
①you are eager to visit Beijing ②as well as ③it is surprising that the ancient Chinese should have built such striking buildings ④it is crowded with visitors ⑤keep your eyes open ⑥be rewarded with a feast for the eyes ⑦If necessary ⑧more than willing
测效果 素养提能
维度一
Ⅰ.1.D 2.A 3.C 4.B
Ⅱ.1.vi. (雷或鼓)隆隆作响 2.vt. 安置；把……放在适当位置 3.vi. 向……冲去 4.vi.争夺
维度二
第一步
①I began to feel regretful and guilty ②Anne let out a cry of regret ③left me dumb with deep regret leaving me dumb with deep regret ④with regretful tears in my eyes If only I had not quarreled with Anne ⑤With guilt and regret flowing in my mind
第二步
Looking at Anne's face wet with tears, I began to feel regretful and guilty.Suddenly, Anne let out a cry of regret, “I'm so silly.” Then she dashed out before I could say a word, leaving me dumb with deep regret. I froze there, with regretful tears in my eyes. If only I had not quarreled with Anne! Finally, with guilt and regret flowing in my mind, I rushed out to apologize to Anne.