高考英语二轮复习第一讲动词的时态、语态和主谓一致学案（含答案）

语法专题提升
专题一　复杂多变的动词
第一讲　动词的时态、语态和主谓一致
高考真题练悟
单句语法填空
1．Henry ____________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷]
2．He quickly ____________ (throw) his tools aside，and started running，arms out.[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷]
3．In the last five years, Cao ____________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa's highest mountain.[2022·全国甲卷]
4．Eventually, the man ____________ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet！[2022·北京卷]
5．The use of those plastics ____________ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won't survive if this situation continues.[2022·北京卷]
6．Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like—frequently by plane—__________ (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.[2022·浙江卷1月]
[感悟]　语法填空四谨记
1．明晰高考考查类型
动词的时态和语态题，大致可分为三种类型：一是题干中提供时间状语；二是提供的时间状语有较强的干扰性和迷惑性；三是题干中不提供任何时间状语，而是给出一个上下文情景或一个结构较为复杂的句子。
2．掌握独特的时间状语标志
(1)看到always, often, seldom, sometimes, usually等要想到用一般现在时；
(2)看到yesterday, last night, a few days ago, the other day等要想到用一般过去时；
(3)看到since, so far, up to now, in the last/past few years等要想到用现在完成时。
3．熟记固定句型中的时态
(1)be doing...when...，主句常用过去进行时，从句常用一般过去时；
(2)It is/has been＋时间段＋since...表示“自从……以来已经……”，主句用现在完成时或一般现在时，从句用一般过去时；
(3)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句常用一般将来时。
4．分清主动与被动，辨析语态
看到动词为及物动词，后面缺少宾语，要想到用被动语态。
核心考点破析
一、动词的时态(以动词do为例)
现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时
一般时 do/does did shall/will do should/would do
进行时 am/is/are doing was/were doing shall/will be doing should/would be doing
完成时 have/has done had done shall/will have done should/would have done
完成进行时 have/has been doing had been doing shall/will have been doing should/would have been doing
考点一 一般时
(一)一般现在时(do/does；is/am/are)
1．表示经常或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常用的时间状语有always，usually，often，sometimes，every day等。
I usually do my homework in the evening every day.我通常每天晚上做作业。
2．按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作，用一般现在时。只限于go, arrive，leave，start，stay，return，begin，come等动词。
My flight takes off at 5：00 am.
我的航班早上五点起飞。
3．在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
They'll stand by you even if you don't succeed．
即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。
(二)一般过去时(did；was/were)
1．表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday，last year，just now, the other day，two weeks ago等时间状语连用。
He arrived at school at 9：00 am yesterday.
他昨天上午九点到学校。
2．根据上下文或主从句提示。
We often played together when we were children.
我们小时候经常在一起玩。
即学即练
单句语法填空
1．This ancient Chinese art, known as dragon scale bookbinding (装订), ________ (stretch) back more than 1，000 years to the Tang dynasty.[2023·武汉市部分学校调研]
2．In the race, a drummer ________ (use) a large traditional wooden drum to keep the paddlers on the beat, while a steersman in the back keeps them in their lane.[2023·南京市高三年级学情调研]
3．According to the latest data, the total area of China's mangrove forests in 2020 ________ (be) 289 square kilometers, and over 70 square kilometers of mangroves are newly planted and restored now.[2023·山东省高三百师联盟联考]
考点二 进行时态
1.现在进行时
①表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。与现在进行时相对应的时间状语有：now, right now, at present, at this moment, these days等。
I don't really work here; I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives.我真的不在这里工作，只是在帮忙，直到新秘书来。
②表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，常用的这类动词有：go，come，leave，arrive，start，move等，可用现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的动作。
He is leaving tomorrow to play his first match. 他明天要去打他的第一场比赛。
③与always, often, forever, constantly, continually等连用时，表示赞赏或厌恶等感彩，而非强调动作正在进行。
He is always helping others.
他总是帮助其他人。
2．过去进行时
①表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作(这一过去时间需用时间状语表示)。与过去进行时相对应的时间状语有：then, at that time, at this time yesterday等。
Susan had quit her well-paid job and was working as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year. 去年我去拜访苏珊时，她已经辞去了收入丰厚的工作，在附近做志愿者。
②表示过去计划或安排在将来会发生的动作(只限于plan, come, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, travel, stay等)。
He said (that) she was arriving the next day.
他说她第二天会到达。
3．将来进行时
表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间里正在进行的动作。常与at (时刻) tomorrow, in the next two months等时间状语连用。
I' ll be doing some housework tomorrow afternoon.
明天下午我将要干些家务活。
4．现在完成进行时
①表示开始于过去某个时间，一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚完成，也可能继续进行下去。常与these days，recently，lately，in the past/last few＋时间段； since＋时间点； for＋时间段等连用。
All these years they have been contributing articles to our magazine.
这些年来，他们一直为我们杂志写稿。
②表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。
We have been seeing each other quite a lot recently.
最近我们常常见面。
即学即练
单句语法填空/完成句子
1．Now the local authorities ________ (work) to standardize and modernize operations at the restaurants to turn the brand into a successful and safe food business worldwide.[2023·辽宁省五校联考]
2．Listen! Mary ________________________．
听！玛丽正在教室里唱一首英文歌。
3．He ________________________ from 3：00 to 5：00 yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午从3点到5点他一直在家看电视。
4．They ____________________ at the station.
他们会在车站接我们的。
考点三 将来时态
1.一般将来时
①“will/shall＋动词原形”表示现在看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。“will＋动词原形”还可以表示说话人临时作出的决定。
It is said that he will retire next month.
据说他将于下月卸任。
②“be going to＋动词原形”表示打算、计划、决定要做的事或肯定要发生的事；表示说话人根据已有的事实或迹象，推测某事即将发生。
Look at the cloud. It looks as if it is going to rain．
瞧那乌云，天要下雨了。
③“be about to＋动词原形”表示打算或根据安排即将发生的动作。它不与表示具体时间的状语连用，但可以与when连用。
The English Evening is about to start．
英语晚会即将开始。
④“be to＋动词原形”表示约定的、计划中的或按职责、义务将要发生的动作，这种动作通常是人的意志所能控制的，或用于征求意见。
You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock.
你要10点前交上论文。
2．过去将来时
表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。
She was sure she would succeed．
她确信她会成功。
即学即练
单句语法填空/完成句子
1．And ineffective tilling means some seeds won't take and yield ________ (drop)．[2023·福建省高三百校联合测评]
2．如果你努力，就会成功的。(祈使句＋and＋陈述句)
________________________________________________________________________
3．这条公路将在五月份通车。(be to do)
________________________________________________________________________
4．今年冬天我打算买一件新大衣。(be going to)
________________________________________________________________________
考点四 完成时态
1.现在完成时
①表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时刚刚完成的动作。常与recently, lately, up to/till now, so far, in the past/last few months/years...等连用。
China's high-speed railways have grown from 9，000 to 25，000 kilometers in the past few years. 在过去的几年中，中国的高速铁路从9000公里增长到25000公里。
②表示从过去开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for...”“since...”表述的时间状语连用。
They have worked here since they left college.
自从大学毕业他们就在这儿工作了。
2．过去完成时
①表示从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时刻的动作或状态，即“从过去到过去”。
When Jack arrived, Mary had been away for almost an hour.
当杰克到达时，玛丽已经离开快一个小时了。
②在“hardly/scarcely...when...”“no sooner...than...”句型结构中，主句用过去完成时，且常用部分倒装，从句用一般过去时，意为“一……就……”。
We had no sooner been seated than the bus started.
我们刚落座，公共汽车就开动了。
③在by, by the end of, by the time, until, before等后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句，其谓语动词则表示在某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。
By the end of last year, we had produced 20，000 cars.
到去年年底，我们已经生产了20 000辆汽车。
④表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等，或用上述动词的过去式接不定式的完成式表示，即“hoped/planned...＋to have done”。
I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn't manage it.
我本希望送彼得一件礼物，祝贺他结婚，但我做不到。
即学即练
单句语法填空
1．Since then, all government units, organizations and streets communities ________ (organize) a yearly autumn trip for those who have retired from their posts.[2023·泰安市高考全真模拟]
2．In the past few years, the country ________ (enhance) legal and technological support for the protection of its world natural heritage, establishing a management system with Chinese characteristics.[2023·湖北省第一次质量监测]
3．Opening in July, the exhibition will last for three years. It is the first time that the Dunhuang Academy ________ (hold) such a long exhibition in Beijing.[2023·高三日照市校际联合考试]
4．By the end of 2021, the “digital Dunhuang project” ______________(complete) the digital collection of 268 grottoes.[2023·聊城模拟]
二、动词的语态
被动语态的构成为“be＋过去分词”， 被动语态的构成形式还有get/become＋过去分词。
只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语才有被动语态，不及物动词或短语无被动语态。
1．各种时态中被动语态的构成
时态 被动语态的构成
一般现在时 am/is/are done
一般过去时 was/were done
一般将来时 shall/will be done
现在进行时 am/is/are being done
过去进行时 was/were being done
现在完成时 have/has been done
过去完成时 had been done
2.被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要指明动作的执行者
Attention，please! A meeting will be held in the office at 8：00 a. m. tomorrow. Everyone is expected to attend on time.请注意！明天上午八点在办公室召开会议。望大家准时参加。
(2)强调或突出动作的承受者
The woman was taken to hospital.
那位女士被送进了医院。
(3)动作执行者被较长的修饰语修饰。
The idea was supported by those who wished to make much money.
想挣许多钱的人们支持那个主意。
【名师指津】
①动词短语在含被动语态的句子中作谓语时，切不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。
The plan will be given up．
这项计划就要被放弃了。
Bad habits have been done away with．
坏习惯已经改掉了。
②含情态动词的被动语态形式是：情态动词＋be＋过去分词
He must be prevented from going.
必须阻止他去。
The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible.
这项计划应该尽早执行。
③“get＋过去分词”可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。
The patient got treated once a week.
那位病人一周治疗一次。
He fell off the car and got killed．
他从汽车上掉下来，摔死了。
3．主动形式表示被动含义
(1)表示感受、感官的系动词如feel, sound, taste, look等，后面跟形容词、名词构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义，指其本身具有的属性、特征等。
Her voice sounds beautiful．
(2)当sell, read, draw, wash, write, open, wear, run, burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。
The music isn't pleasant to listen to．
这音乐不好听。
This kind of radio doesn't sell well．
这种收音机销路不好。
即学即练
单句语法填空
1．Right now more than 9，800 companies are providing such services, of which over 1，800 ________ (establish) last year.[2023·嘉兴市高三基础测试]
2．Nowadays, tofu ________ (serve) in a modern way. In many fine dining restaurants, the tasting menu is designed around its textures.[2023·南京六校高三调研]
3．The concept ________ (spread) into the worlds of music, dance and TV dramas so far.[2023·烟台市高三考前热身]
4．The exam questions should focus on basic knowledge and skills, and the number of questions focusing on rote (死记硬背的) learning should ________ (reduce), the notice said.[2023·重庆市高三第一次诊断]
三、主谓一致
考点一 语法一致原则
主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1．动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.忙碌一天之后，听音乐使我感到很放松。
【名师指津】　what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但如果从句表示复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。
What he says and does does not concern me.
他的言行与我无关。
What he says and does do not agree.
他的言行不一致。
2．主语后有with, together with, along with, except, besides, as well as等加名词或代词构成的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
Amy, as well as her brothers, was given a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. 艾米和她的兄弟们上周回到村里时受到了热烈的欢迎。
【名师指津】
①and, both...and...连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数形式。
The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.那位歌舞演员将参加我们的晚会。
②定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。
My friend showed me around the town，which was very attractive.我的朋友带我参观了这个小镇，这个小镇非常迷人。
③“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each, every, no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使由and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。
Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process.
很多父母亲不得不经历同样的痛苦过程。
Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held on Sunday.
每个男生和女生都希望参加周日举行的聚会。
3．“the＋形容词”表示一类人，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.
患病的人被治愈，同时失踪的人也被找到了。
考点二 意义一致原则
意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1．集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience等。
The whole class were told to stay behind after school.全班的学生被告知放学后留下。
2．“分数/百分数/the majority＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all, some, half, most, the rest等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。
About one third of the books were written by him.这些书中大约有三分之一是他写的。
考点三 就近一致原则
1.由or, either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...，not...but...等连接的名词(短语)或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数常与最邻近的主语保持一致。
Either you or one of your classmates is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
你或者你同学中的一位要去参加明天召开的会议。
2．由there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
There are three chairs, a desk and a computer in the room.
房间里有三把椅子、一张桌子和一台电脑。
即学即练
单句语法填空
1．Since 2016 when the company ________ (found), ChopValue has rescued billions of chopsticks from landfills.[2023·青岛市高三调研]
2．The formation of each celadon ________ (be) a process of life casting. Only after being burnt at around 1300℃ for 400 hours can it be made into an object.[2023·邯郸市高三模拟]
3．What ________(make) people moved is not the film itself but the heroes of the war years.[2023·漳州市第二次质量检测]
4．However, as society ________(progress), the rapid rise in incomes and higher living standards will see more Chinese searching for experiences that are anything but traditional.[2023·唐山市第一次模拟]
5．While we can't guard against all misfortunes and diseases, getting to know some first aid skills ________ (be) quite useful.[2023·辽宁省部分重点中学协作体模拟]
巩固训练夯提
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Beijing is such a big stage and I have missed out on many of the big events that ________ (take) place in the past few years.[2023·山东省高三大联考]
2．Reading articles and short posts ________ (play) an important role in integrating knowledge and achievements.[2023·湖南长郡中学高三模拟]
3．On that day, there ________ (be) lots of conventional celebration activities.[2023·广东省联考]
4．The history of steam power goes all the way back to the 1700s. At the time, steam ________(use) to power many different machines and helped fuel the Industrial Revolution.[2023·衡水中学高三下学期二调]
5．For instance, chess ________ (recognize) as a sport by the International Olympic Committee in 1999.[2023·丽水、湖州、衢州三地市质量检测]
6．This time he ________ (equip) with a newly acquired technique, which enabled most of the planted trees, well over 80%, to survive.[2023·江苏省泰州市第四次调研]
7．It can be employed to create artworks and realistically reproduce all kinds of Chinese calligraphy and paintings. Among the famous prints ________ (be) “Night Revels of Han Xizai”．[2023·湖南省高三六校联考]
8．Lin said a friend got him involved in dragon boat racing over a decade ago. In 2018，they ________ (decide) to host their own festival.[2023·南京市高三年级学情调研]
Ⅱ.语段填空 (用所给动词的适当形式填空)
The first zoo 1.________(establish) around 3，500 years ago by an Egyptian queen for her personal enjoyment.Five hundred years later，a Chinese emperor 2.________(build) a huge zoo to show his power and wealth.Later zoos were set up for the purpose of studying animals.
Some of the early European zoos 3.________(consist) of dark holes or dirty cages，the bad conditions of which made people disgusted.Later the zoos 4.________(replace) by research centers and animals there were studied and 5.________(keep) in good condition.These places became the first modern zoos.As early as the 1940s，scientists 6.________(understand) that many kinds of wild animals faced extinction.Since then，zoos 7.________(try) to save many endangered species，but relying on zoos 8.________(save) species is not enough.The best method of protection is to leave them in their natural habitat.
Today，animals in large and natural reserves are fed a balanced diet and 9.________(watch) carefully for any signs of disease with specially trained keepers looking after them and some hospitals where they can be treated when ill，and all the animals there live a comfortable life.Anyway，it is true that zoo breeding programs 10.________ (play) an important role in protecting many species of wildlife now.
Ⅲ.写作运用
完成下面短文，注意动词的运用。
Hello, everyone! I would like to share with you my first travel abroad.1.________________________________________________________________________________ (去年暑假，我和几个同学一起参加了与一所美国学校的交流项目)．During our visit, we stayed in host families, which gave us an opportunity to learn about American society.The main part of our program was to experience the school life.2.______________________________________________________ (与中国学生相比，美国学生更加开放和活跃). Besides, they have less homework and fewer exams.3.______________________________________________ (但我们也有很多共同点，比如对NBA的狂热)．When the visit was over, I made friends with some American students, who become very interested in Chinese culture.4.____________________________________________________ (美国学生也从中获益匪浅)．
语法专题提升
专题一　复杂多变的动词
第一讲　动词的时态、语态和主谓一致
高考真题练悟
1．答案与解析：was fixing　考查时态和主谓一致。此处考查固定句式be doing...when...“正在做……这时……”。根据空后的“when he heard the screams”可知，设空处用过去进行时。主语为Henry，第三人称单数。故填was fixing。
2．答案与解析：threw　考查时态。分析句子结构可知，设空处与空后的and started构成并列谓语。故应该使用一般过去时。
3．答案与解析：has walked　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，walk在句中作谓语。结合时间状语In the last five years可知，时态为现在完成时；walk与主语Cao之间为主动关系；主语Cao为第三人称单数，谓语动词也应用第三人称单数。
4．答案与解析：caught　动词的时态。叙述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。
5．答案与解析：has increased　动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“since 2019”可知，空处应用现在完成时；主语“The use of those plastics”和increase为主动关系；且主语表单数概念。故填has increased。
6．答案与解析：is viewed/has been viewed　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。空处为句子的谓语部分，句子主语为v.-ing结构“Travelling to...and the like”，表示单数概念，与view为被动关系；再结合语境可知，此处可表示现在的情况或已经发生过的对现在造成影响的动作，应用一般现在时的被动语态。
核心考点破析
一、动词的时态(以动词do为例)
考点一
即学即练
1．答案与解析：stretches　动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在本句中作谓语。此处描述了一个客观事实，时态用一般现在时；stretch back意为“追溯到”，无被动；主语This ancient Chinese art为单数概念。故填stretches。
2．答案与解析：uses　动词的时态和主谓一致。根据该句中的“keeps”，再结合句意可知，该句陈述的是风俗习惯，故用一般现在时；该句主语是a drummer，为第三人称单数，故用uses。
3．答案与解析：was　考查时态。句意：根据最新数据，2020年中国红树林总面积为289平方公里。根据in 2020可知用一般过去时态，结合主语the total area“面积”，为不可数名词。
考点二
即学即练
1．答案与解析：are working　动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间标志词“Now”和语境可知，谓语动词时态应用现在进行时；主语the local authorities是复数，与work之间是主动关系，故填are working。
2．is singing an English song in the classroom
3．was watching TV at home
4．will be meeting us
考点三
即学即练
1．答案与解析：will drop　考查时态。设空处在句中作谓语，and是并列连词，前后时态一般保持一致， won't take 的提示可知，设空处为一般将来时， 故填will drop。
2．Work hard and you will succeed.
3．The highway is to be open to traffic in May.
4．I'm going to buy a new coat this winter.
考点四
即学即练
1．答案与解析：have organized/have been organizing　考查时态和主谓一致。句意：从那时起，所有政府单位、组织和街道社区每年都为退休人员组织一次秋季旅行。由“Since then”可知，句子时态用现在完成时，也可用现在完成进行时来表示这个事情将会继续下去，故填have organized/have been organizing。
2．答案与解析：has enhanced　谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语。结合时间状语“In the past few years”可知，时态用现在完成时； the country和enhance之间为主动关系；主语the country为第三人称单数。故填has enhanced。
3．答案与解析：has held　动词的时态和语态。句意：这是敦煌研究院第一次在北京举办这么长时间的展览。在“It is the first/second/third/...time＋从句”结构中，从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时；又因the Dunhuang Academy为第三人称单数，故填has held。
4．答案与解析：had completed　由时间状语“By the end of 2021”可知， 该句应用过去完成时。
二、动词的语态
即学即练
1．答案与解析：were established　动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。over 1，800 (companies)与动词establish之间为被动关系，且前者表示复数概念，又根据后面的时间状语last year可知此处应用一般过去时。故填were established。
2．答案与解析：is served　动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语Nowadays并结合句意可知，此处陈述的是现在的情况，应用一般现在时；句子的主语tofu与serve之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；因为主语tofu为不可数名词，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填is served。
3．答案与解析：has been spread　考查时态和语态。分析句子可知，空格处为句子的谓语，根据时间状语so far可知，此处时态用现在完成时，由句意可知，动词spread与主语the concept之间为被动关系，故填has been spread。
4．答案与解析：be reduced　考查被动语态。句意：考试题目要集中在基础知识和技能上，减少死记硬背的题目数量。分析句子结构可知，主语questions与谓语动词reduce之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用被动语态，且情态动词should后接动词原形，故填be reduced。
三、主谓一致
考点三
即学即练
1．答案与解析：was founded　动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句中的2016可知，该处用一般过去时；主语the company表示单数，且和动词found之间为被动关系。故填was founded。
2．答案与解析：is　考查时态及主谓一致。句意：每个青瓷的形成都是一个生命铸造的过程。根据句意可知，此句描述一般事实，故用一般现在时，故填is。
3．答案与解析：makes　考查时态和主谓一致。句意：让人感动的不是电影本身，而是战争年代的英雄们。句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，What引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
4．答案与解析：progresses　考查时态和主谓一致。句意：然而，随着社会的进步，收入的迅速增长和生活水平的提高，将会有更多的中国人寻求传统以外的体验。根据句中时态可知，用一般现在时。主语society是单数名词，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
5．答案与解析：is　考查时态和主谓一致。句意：虽然我们不能预防所有的不幸和疾病，但了解一些急救技能是非常有用的。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
巩固训练夯提
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．答案与解析：have taken　考查时态。句意：北京是一个很大的舞台，我错过了过去几年发生的许多重大事件。空处在that引导的定语从句中做谓语，由in the past few years可知应用完成时， 故填have taken。
2．答案与解析：plays　考查主谓一致。句意：阅读长文和短文在整合知识方面都起着重要的作用。分析句子结构，此空在句中做谓语，主语“Reading articles and short posts”为单数概念，根据上下文，用一般现在时态。
3．答案与解析：are　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：在那一天，有很多传统的庆祝活动。there be句型中的谓语动词单复数一般采用“就近原则”，与后面的名词保持人称和数的一致，后面的中心词是activities，所以要填复数形式，描述一般事实用一般现在时，故填are。
4．答案与解析：was used　考查被动语态。句意：当时，蒸汽被用来驱动许多不同的机器，并帮助推动了工业革命。分析句意可知，此处应该用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was used。
5．答案与解析：was recognized　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知， recognize是本句的谓语。结合时间状语in 1999可知，时态用一般过去时；主语chess与recognize之间是被动关系；主语chess为第三人称单数。所以空处填was recognized。
6．答案与解析：was equipped　考查时态和语态。句意：这一次，他掌握了一种新的技术，使大多数种植的树木能够存活下来，存活率远远超过80%。根据句中“This time”和“enabled”可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，且“he”和“equip”为被动关系，故填was equipped。
7．答案与解析：is　考查时态和主谓一致。该句为倒装句。句子的主语为“Night Revels of Han Xizai”，故谓语动词应用单数形式；又因为该句陈述的是客观事实，故用一般现在时，故填is。
8．答案与解析：decided　考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“In 2018”可知，该句陈述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。
Ⅱ.语段填空 (用所给动词的适当形式填空)
1．答案与解析：was established　考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“around 3，500 years ago”可知是过去时态，主语“The first zoo”和谓语动词establish之间是被动关系，且主语是the first zoo，谓语用单数，故填 was established。
2．答案与解析：built　考查谓语动词的时态。句中“Five hundred years later”是过去的时间状语，谓语需要用过去式，故填 built。
3．答案与解析：consisted　考查谓语动词的时态。根据上下文可知，此处描述过去的情况，谓语动词用过去式，故填 consisted。
4．答案与解析：were replaced　考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主语“the zoos”和谓语动词replace之间为被动关系，并且是描述过去发生的事，且主语是the zoos，谓语用复数，故填were replaced。
5．答案与解析：(were) kept　考查谓语动词的时态和语态。animals与keep之间为被动关系且描述过去的情况，故用一般过去时的被动语态，此处是并列谓语，前面已有be动词were，故可以省略were，故填(were) kept。
6．答案与解析：understood　考查谓语动词的时态。“As early as the 1940s”是过去的时间状语，谓语要用过去式，故填 understood。
7．答案与解析：have tried/have been trying　考查谓语动词的时态和主谓一致。时间状语为“Since then”，谓语常用现在完成时，此处也可用现在完成进行时表示动作一直持续进行，且主语是zoos，谓语用复数，故填have tried/have been trying。
8．答案与解析：to save　考查非谓语动词。rely on sb.to do sth.依靠某人做某事，故填to save。
9．答案与解析：(are) watched　考查谓语动词的时态。 主语animals和谓语动词watch之间是被动关系，且此处与and前面的are fed...为并列关系，故填(are) watched。
10．答案与解析：are playing　考查谓语动词的时态和主谓一致。由时间状语now可知，此处应该使用现在进行时，且主语programs是复数，故填are playing。
Ⅲ.写作运用
1．Last summer vacation, I, together with several classmates, took part in an exchange program with an American school
2．Compared with Chinese students, American students are more open and active
3．But we also have a lot in common, like being crazy about NBA
4．The American students also benefited much from the program