专题01单项选择词类辨析（一）名词&冠词
序号 内容
训练 1 1~5题5年真题过关
训练2 1~40题模拟能力提升（天津各区模拟试题）
训练 1 5年真题过关
1．（2021·天津·高考真题）In the lab, keeping things clean and organized can help provide a safer ________.
A．system B．method C．investment D．environment
【答案】D
【详解】考查名词。句意：在实验室里，保持物品的清洁和有序有助于提供一个更安全的环境。A. system体系，系统；B. method方法；C. investment投资；D. environment环境。根据常识可知，保持物品清洁有序可以创造更安全的实验环境（environment）。故选D项。
2．（2021·天津·高考真题）Great improvements in public health have been brought about by ________ in medical science.
A．traditions B．advances C．pressures D．examples
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：医学的进步带来了公共健康的巨大改善。A. traditions传统；B. advances前进，进步；C. pressures压力；D. examples例子。根据上文“Great improvements in public health have been brought about”可知，公共健康的巨大改善是由医学的进步带来的，advances符合语境。故选B。
3．（2020·天津·高考真题）His vivid descriptions of country life quickly became popular, which established his _____________as one of America's greatest writers.
A．trust B．contact C．reputation D．theory
【答案】C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对乡村生活的生动描述迅速流行起来，这树立了他作为美国伟大作家之一的声誉。A. trust信任；B. contact联系；C. reputation声誉；D. theory理论。根据句意，尤其是greatest writers可知此处用reputation“声誉”符合语境，故选C项。
4．（2019·天津·高考真题）We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ________ on our lives in many ways.
A．statement B．impact
C．impression D．judgment
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们可以观察到人工智能已经在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了影响。A. statement陈述说明；B. impact影响，效果；C. impression印象；D. judgment判断。故选B符合语境。
5．（2019·天津·高考真题）People believe writing poems provides a through which they can express their feelings.
A．shelter B．source
C．channel D．background
【答案】C
【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：人们认为写诗是他们表达感情的一个渠道。A. shelter遮蔽物；B. source来源；C. channel通道；D. background背景。故C选项正确。
6．（2018·天津·高考真题）Can we stop the ______ of the world’s deserts and save the land that man depends so much on
A．loss B．heat C．spread D．defence
【答案】C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们能阻止世界上沙漠的蔓延，拯救人类如此依赖的土地吗 A. loss丢失；B. heat热量；C. spread蔓延；D. defence 防御。由“the world’s deserts and save the land”可知，spread“蔓延”符合句意。故选C项。
7．（2018·天津·高考真题）【2018·天津】The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
A．advice B．order
C．possibility D．invitation
【答案】C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。A. advice建议；B. order命令；C. possibility可能性；D. invitation邀请。故选C。
点睛：本题考查名词辨析。名词和动词及短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题语法上是一个同位语从句，从句that there is life on other planets in the universe是来解释说明前面所选择的名词。根据常识可以判断，宇宙中其它星球上存在生命只是一种可能性，目前无法证明，从而选出正确答案。
8．（2017·天津·高考真题）The newspaper gave an accurate ________ of what happened the night before last.
A．example B．display C．signal D．account
【答案】D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：报纸对前天晚上发生的事作了准确的报道。A. example例子；B. display展示；C. signal信号；D. account账户，解释。根据后文“of what happened the night before last”可知指报纸对前天晚上发生的事做了准确的解释报道，应用account。故选D。
9．（2016·天津·高考真题）（2016·天津）The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _____ of rain later tonight.
A．effect B．sense
C．change D．chance
【答案】D
【详解】试题分析：句意：天气预报说今天今天会是多云，后半夜可能有雨。A.影响；B.感觉；C.改变；D.机会，可能性。故选D。
10．（2014·天津·高考真题）Wind is now the world’s fastest growing ________ of power.
A．source B．sense C．result D．root
【答案】A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：风现在是世界上增长最快的电力资源。A. source 资源；B. sense感觉，意识；C. result结果；D. root根源。根据空后of power及语境可知，此处指电力资源。故选A。
11．（2013·天津·高考真题）While she was in Paris, she developed a _____ for fine art.
A．way B．relation C．taste D．habit
【答案】C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她在巴黎期间，培养了对艺术的鉴赏力。A.way方法，道路；B. relation关系；C. taste品尝，鉴赏力；D. habit习惯。develop a taste for“培养对……的鉴赏力”。故选C。
12．（2012·天津·高考真题）You were working too hard. You’d better keep a ________between work and relaxation.
A．promise B．lead C．balance D．diary
【答案】C
【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：你工作太认真了，你最好在工作和放松之间保持平衡。A.promise诺言；B.lead领先；C.balance平衡；D.diary日记。keep a balance 保持平衡；结合句意可知C正确。
13．（2009·天津·高考真题）I’m trying to break the of getting up too late.
A．tradition B．convenience
C．habit D．leisure
【答案】C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我正在努力改掉起床晚的习惯。由关键词getting up too late“起的晚”和“习惯”搭配合适，意思是“晚起的习惯”；A. tradition传统；B. convenience方便，便利；C. habit习惯；D. leisure休闲，空闲。故选C。
14．（2008·天津·高考真题）Most air pollution is caused by the burning of ____ like coal, gas and oil.
A．fuels B．articles C．goods D．products
【答案】A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：大多数空气污染是由煤、天然气和石油等燃料的燃烧引起的。A. fuels燃料；B. articles文章；C. goods货物；D. products产品。根据后文“like coal, gas and oil”指燃料燃烧导致空气污染，故选A。
15．（2014·天津·高考真题）Life is like ________ ocean; Only ________strong-willed can reach the other shore.
A．an; the B．the; a
C．the ;/ D．/ ; a
【答案】A
【详解】考查冠词。句意：生活就像一个大海，只有意志坚强的人可以到达彼岸。ocean为可数名词，这里ocean表示泛指，且首字母发音为元音因素，所以选择不定冠词an。the+形容词表达一类人。故选A项。
训练2 模拟能力提升（天津各区模拟试题）
1．（2022·天津南开·三模）Because of long-time ________ from other continents, Australia owns its special animals.
A．separation B．division C．movement D．connection
【答案】A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于长期与其他大陆分离，澳大利亚拥有自己的特殊动物。A. separation分离；B. division分开；C. movement运动；D. connection关系。根据“Australia owns its special animals”可知，此处是指澳大利亚与其他大陆分离（才会产生自己的特殊动物），用separation与介词from搭配符合题意。故选A。
2．（2022·天津南开·二模）The valley was covered with a________ of heavy mist.
A．piece B．bar C．bunch D．blanket
【答案】D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：山谷笼罩着一层浓雾。A. piece张，片；B. bar块，棒；C. bunch束，串；D. blanket厚层。由“heavy mist”可知，句子表示“山谷笼罩着一层浓雾”，空格处意为“厚层；覆盖层”，故选D。
3．（2022·天津·二模）People have difficulty accepting that their pictures were webcast live to millions of viewers, ______ the fact that some of them were not so graceful.
A．no doubt B．no denying C．nothing like D．not to mention
【答案】D
【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：人们很难接受他们的照片被网络直播给数百万观众，更不用说它们中的一些并不那么优雅。A. no doubt毫无疑问；B. no denying不可否认；C. nothing like不像；D. not to mention更不用说。结合句意可知，此处指“人们很难接受照片被直播给别人看，就更不用说其中一些照片并不那么优雅”，not to mention符合语境。故选D。
4．（2022·天津·二模）The man was responsible for much of the research and ______ work that led to the understanding of the structure of DNA．
A．discovery B．production C．creation D．contribution
【答案】A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这名男子负责许多研究和发现工作，这些工作导致了对DNA结构的理解。A. discovery发现；B. production生产；C. creation创造；D. contribution贡献。根据上文“research”可知，此处是指研究和发现工作，名词作定语。故选A。
5．（2022·天津和平·三模）He made it clear to his parents that he was going into town with the ________ of visiting the library and borrowing some books.
A．service B．intention C．doubt D．brief
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他向父母明确表示，他进城的目的是去图书馆借书。A. service服务；B. intention目的；C. doubt怀疑；D. brief指示，摘要。根据“visiting the library and borrowing some books”可知，此处是指进城的目的，intention符合题意，with the intension of“抱有……的目的”。故选B。
6．（2022·天津滨海新·一模）Nowadays, many chefs take _____ from old recipe collection and recreate dishes to suit young appetite.
A．purpose B．potential C．virtue D．inspiration
【答案】D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，许多厨师从旧食谱中汲取灵感，重新制作菜肴，以满足年轻人的胃口。A. purpose目的；B. potential潜能；C. virtue美德；D. inspiration灵感。根据“and recreate dishes to suit young appetite.”可知，许多厨师从旧食谱中汲取灵感来制作菜肴。故选D。
7．（2022·天津河西·二模）There is no doubt that your tiredness is a(n) ________ of great stress and lack of sleep; you need to have a good rest.
A．assumption B．consequence C．consumption D．convenience
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：毫无疑问，你的疲劳是由于巨大的压力和睡眠不足造成的；你需要好好休息。A. assumption假设，假定；B. consequence结果，后果；C. consumption消耗；D. convenience方便。分析句意可知，你疲劳是压力大和睡眠不足的结果。故选B项。
8．（2022·天津河北·二模）The club is currently planning several ________ to accommodate golfers who seek pleasure and leisure in a quiet place.
A．dimensions B．inspirations C．competitions D．expansions
【答案】D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：该俱乐部目前正计划进行几次扩建，以满足在安静的地方寻求娱乐和休闲的高尔夫球手。A. dimensions维度；B. inspirations启发；C. competitions竞赛；D. expansions扩建。根据“to accommodate golfers who seek pleasure and leisure in a quiet place.”可知，为了让高尔夫球手可以在安静地方寻求娱乐，俱乐部需要进行扩建。故选D。
9．（2022·天津·模拟预测）Doctors have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional ________.
A．interest B．attitude C．competence D．reputation
【答案】C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：医生必须不断更新他们的知识，以保持他们的专业能力 。A. interest兴趣；B. attitude态度；C. competence能力；D. reputation声誉。根据前文“update their knowledge”可知，医生不断更新知识是为了保持他们的专业能力，故选C项。
10．（2022·天津·静海一中模拟预测）Nowadays the_________for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.
A．priority B．potential C．preference D．prejudice
【答案】A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当今，旅行的优先考虑的事情从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. priority优先；最重要的事情；B. potential潜在的，可能的；C. preference偏爱；D. prejudice偏见。结合句意可知表示“优先考虑的事情”。故选A项。
11．（2022·天津市宁河区芦台第一中学二模）When kids are struggling with subjects like reading or math, schools may provide teaching_______, a specific program to address academic needs.
A．comparison B．accumulation C．intervention D．conservation
【答案】C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当孩子们在阅读或数学等科目上遇到困难时，学校可能会提供教学干预，这是一个针对学业需求的特定项目。A. comparison对比；B. accumulation积累；C. intervention干预；D. conservation保护。由“When kids are struggling with subjects like reading or math”可知，句子表示“当孩子们在阅读或数学等科目上遇到困难时，学校可能会提供教学干预”，空格处意为“干预”，故选C。
12．（2022·天津·耀华中学模拟预测）Mr. Brown thought it would be a good idea to have ________ from his workers to improve his plan.
A．summaries B．admissions C．comments D．connections
【答案】C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：布朗先生认为征求工人们的意见以改进他的计划是个好主意。A. summaries总结；B. admissions准许进入；C. comments意见，评论；D. connections连接。根据“from his workers to improve his plan.”可知，此处表示征求工人们的意见以改进他的计划。故选C。
13．（2022·天津市新华中学模拟预测）The local government has begun a ________ in this city to cut down the traffic accidents.
A．protest B．protect C．project D．propose
【答案】C
【详解】考查名词和动词辨析。句意：当地政府在这个城市启动了一个方案以减少交通事故。A. protest抗议（动词或名词）；B. protect保护（动词）；C. project方案（名词）；计划（动词）；D. propose提议（动词）。根据冠词a可知，设空处需填入名词，结合主语government可知，名词“project方案”符合句意。故选C。
14．（2022·天津市新华中学模拟预测）Male nurses are difficult to hire as many men reject this ______ out of the long-existing discrimination.
A．concept B．assessment C．identity D．personality
【答案】C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：男护士很难被雇佣到是因为许多男性出于长期存在的歧视而抵制这个身份。A. concept观念；B. assessment评估，评价；C. identity身份；D. personality个性，品格。根据空前“Male nurses are difficult to hire”及空后“out of the long-existing discrimination”可知，很多男性抵制男护士这个身份。故选C项。
15．（2022·天津市新华中学模拟预测）The teacher often makes a(n) ________ on how different the two boys are.
A．comment B．decision C．impression D．effect
【答案】A
【详解】考查名词。句意：老师经常评论这两个男孩有多么不同。A.comment评论；B.decision决定；C.impression印象；D.effect影响。根据后句“on how different the two boys are（这两个男孩有多么不同）”可知为评论的具体内容，固定短语make a comment on对……做出评论。故选A。
16．（2022·天津市新华中学模拟预测）The method seemed to work, as I gained the respect of my ________, peers, and subordinates.
A．alumni B．interns C．colleagues D．seniors
【答案】D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种方法似乎奏效了，因为我赢得了长辈、同龄人和下属的尊重。A. alumni校友；B. interns实习生；C. colleagues同事；D. seniors长辈。根据后面peers（同龄人）and subordinates（下属），可知此处应该是“长辈”。故选D项。
17．（2022·天津市新华中学模拟预测）They certainly need a ________of the fundamentals of playing their instruments, but learning to collaborate requires understanding how these roles work together.
A．stability B．grasp C．acknowledgement D．manner
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们当然需要掌握演奏乐器的基本知识，但学会合作需要理解这些角色是如何协同工作的。A. stability坚定；B. grasp掌握、领会；C. acknowledgement承认；D. manner举止。根据空后的“of the fundamentals of playing their instruments”可知此处用a grasp of表示“掌握”，故选B。
18．（2022·天津市新华中学模拟预测）Literally, overcapacity (产能过剩) pressured operating margins (利润), impacting players that lack scale or management ________to reduce costs.
A．stability B．fluency C．persistence D．expertise
【答案】D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：实际上，产能过剩给运营利润率带来了压力，影响了那些缺乏规模或管理经验以降低成本的企业。A. stability稳定性；B. fluency流畅性；C. persistence坚持，持久性；D. expertise专长，专门知识。management expertise为固定短语，意为“管理才干”，符合句意。故选D。
19．（2022·天津市新华中学模拟预测）Protecting yourself from ________ theft is a matter of treating all your personal and financial documents as top-secret information.
A．identity B．database C．conference D．resident
【答案】A
【详解】考查名词。句意：保护自己不被盗用身份就是把你所有的个人和财务文件当作绝密信息来对待。A. identity n. 身份；B. database n. 数据库，资料库；C. conference n. 专题讨论会；D. resident n. 居民。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查名词做定语，表示“身份”的意思，修饰后面的名词theft。故选A。
20．（2022·天津市新华中学模拟预测）Seeing the ________ of my daughter playing with other kids on the beach, I felt so happy.
A．scene B．scenery C．view D．sight
【答案】A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到女儿和其他孩子在海滩上玩耍的场景，我感到很高兴。A. scene场景，场面；B. scenery（自然）风景；C. view 视野，（从高处看到的）景色；D. sight景象，景点。根据“playing with other kids on the beach”可知，这里描绘的是一个孩子们玩耍的场面，应用scene。故选A。
21．（2022·天津市新华中学模拟预测）The organization assists people based on need and gives the top _______ to those in the most serious and immediate danger.
A．devotion B．division C．potential D．priority
【答案】D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：该组织根据需要为人们提供帮助，并对那些处于最严重和最紧迫危险中的人给予优先考虑。A. devotion献身；B. division分开；C. potential潜能；D. priority优先事项。根据后文“those in the most serious and immediate danger”指优先考虑处于最严重和最紧迫危险中的人，应用give the top priority to。故选D。
22．（2022·天津·模拟预测）The company presented him with a gold watch in ________ of his 20 years of good service.
A．achievement B．appreciation C．attention D．agreement
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：公司送给他一块金表，以感谢他20年来的良好服务。A.chievement 成就；B.appreciation 感激；C.attention 注意； D.agreement 同意。根据句意，他为公司服务20年，给他一块表以示感谢。故选B。
23．（2022·天津·模拟预测）As expected, the boy who shows great ______ in playing badminton has been admitted to the sport university for his talent.
A．requirement B．respect C．addition D．promise
【答案】D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：不出所料，这个在打羽毛球方面大有可为的男孩因其天赋被体育大学录取。A. requirement要求；B. respect尊重；C. addition增加；D. promise希望，可能性。根据句意，此处表达“那个男孩在羽毛球方面展现了极大的成功的可能性”。故选D项。
24．（2022·天津·模拟预测）The media are filled with ________ about what roles women should play in society.
A．crisis B．convention C．stereotypes D．substances
【答案】C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：媒体充斥着关于女性应该在社会中扮演什么角色的刻板印象。A. crisis危机；B. convention习俗；C. stereotypes刻板印象；D. substances物质。由what roles women should play in society可知，媒体对于女性应该在社会中扮演什么角色，总有一个刻板印象。故选C项。
25．（2022·天津·一模）—Can you tell me your for happiness and a long life
—Living every day to the full, definitely.
A．recipe B．record C．range D．receipt
【答案】A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：——你能告诉我幸福长寿的秘诀吗？——充实地过好每一天。A. recipe方法，秘诀；B. record记录；C. range范围，界限；D. receipt收据。根据语境和后文“for happiness and a long life”及“Living every day to the full, definitely”可知，此处指“秘诀”。故选A项。
26．（2022·天津·模拟预测）To fight against global warming, scientists are working on energy-saving measures to reduce fuel ________.
A．consumption B．collection C．commitment D．distribution
【答案】A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了对抗全球变暖，科学家们正在研究减少燃料消耗的节能措施。A. consumption消耗；B. collection收藏品；C. commitment承诺；D. distribution分配。根据上文“To fight against global warming, scientists are working on energy-saving measures to reduce fuel”可知，指科学家们正在研究减少燃料消耗的节能措施，来对抗全球变暖，应用consumption。故选A。
27．（2022·天津和平·一模）We’ve always regarded Dr. Smith as a man of integrity and high professional ________.
A．interest B．attitude C．competence D．reputation
【答案】C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们一直认为Smith博士为人正直，专业能力强。A. interest兴趣；B. attitude态度；C. competence能力；D. reputation声誉。根据前文“high professional”可知，Smith博士专业能力强。故选C项。
28．（2022·天津河东·一模）The signing of this agreement will ease the international________, which might bring an end to conflicts between countries.
A．tension B．regulation C．process D．affection
【答案】A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项协议的签署将缓解国际紧张局势，这可能会结束国家之间的冲突。A. tension紧张；B. regulation规则；C. process过程；D. affection喜欢。根据下文“which might bring an end to conflicts between countries”可知，此处表示将会使国际的紧张局势结束。故选A。
29．（2019·天津市红桥区教师发展中心二模）Our class held a fierce ________ as to whether to reduce the amount of homework or not.
A．bargain B．contest C．debate D．campaign
【答案】C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们班就是否减少家庭作业进行了激烈的辩论。A. bargain减价品，便宜货；B. contest比赛，竞赛；C. debate辩论，讨论；D. campaign(有计划的)活动，运动。根据主语为“Our class(我们班)”以及后文“whether to reduce the amount of homework or not(是否要减少作业量)”可知，此处应是一场班级内部的辩论。故选C项。
30．（2022·天津河北·一模）The ______ of spicy, salty, sweet and sour flavours makes Gong Bao Chicken hard to resist.
A．decoration B．construction C．competition D．combination
【答案】D
【详解】考查名词。句意：辣、咸、甜、酸的混合口味使宫保鸡丁难以抗拒。A.decoration装饰；B.construction建造；C.competition竞争；D.combination结合。设空处在句中作主语，结合句意和空后的“of spicy, salty, sweet and sour flavours”可知，此处是指几种口味的结合。故选D。
冠词
31．（2022·天津河西·三模）He was on ________ phone when I paid ________ visit to him yesterday.
A．the; a B．the; the C．不填; the D．the; 不填
【答案】A
【详解】考查冠词。句意：昨天我去拜访他时，他正在打电话。 on the phone意为“在打电话”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用定冠词the。pay a visit to sb意为“拜访某人”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用不定冠词a。故选A。
32．（2021·天津河东·二模）The manager has brought up his opinion that if they make___ most of the modern equipment, there will be________ rise in production.
A．不填;不填 B．the; a C．不填; a D．the;不填
【答案】B
【详解】考查冠词。句意：经理提出了他的意见：如果他们充分利用现代化设备，就会增产。分析可知，表示“充分利用”为固定短语make the most of，所以第一空为定冠词the；rise在此处意为“（产量的）增加”，是可数名词，且表示单数，所以用不定冠词a。故选B项。
33．（2021·天津·二模）---Annette has been complaining about_____ traffic keeping her awake at night.
---Yes, there is ________ heavy traffic on the road near the residential community.
A．/; / B．/; the C．a; the D．the; /
【答案】D
【详解】考查冠词的用法。句意：——安妮特一直在抱怨交通使她晚上睡不着。——是的，住宅区附近的这条路上交通很拥挤。上句中的keeping her awake at night是现在分词作后置定语，修饰前面的名词traffic，所以是“特指”让他不能入睡的交通，用定冠词the；下句中heavy traffic的意思是“拥挤的交通”，其中traffic是不可数名词，前面不用冠词。故选D。
34．（2021·天津南开·一模）The pizzas are delicious. Little Tom would like to have ________ third piece because ________ second piece is rather too small.
A．a; a B．the; the C．a; the D．the; a
【答案】C
【详解】考查冠词辨析。句意：披萨很好吃。小汤姆还想要一块，因为第二块太小了。A. a; a； B. the; the； C. a; the ；D. the; a。序数词前加a表示“又一，再一，还要一”在原有数量基础上再加一，相当于one more；序数词前加the，表示顺序，意为“第......”。根据句意，Tom 已经吃过两块了，还想要第三块，嫌刚吃过的第二块儿太小。故选C项。
35．（2021·天津·一模）--- It is reported that there is______big breakthrough in the cancer treatment.
---If only my son could be brought back to ________life.
A．a; the B．the; the C．a; \ D．\; a
【答案】C
【详解】考查冠词。句意：---据报道，在癌症治疗方面有了重大突破。---要是我儿子能活过来就好了。分析题意，breakthrough译为”突破“时，为可数名词。此处需在其前加a / an 表示泛指，big以辅音因素开头，故需用a。bring back to life 译为”使复活 ”，此处为固定短语。故life前用零冠词。综上，故选C项。
36．（2013·天津·一模）The Smiths don’t usually like staying at hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by ________ sea.
A．/; a B．the; the C．/; the D．the; a
【答案】C
【详解】考查冠词。句意：Smith一家人通常不爱呆在旅馆里，可是去年夏天他们在海边的一个很舒适的旅馆里度过几天。第一空表旅馆类别，用名词复数（零冠词）；第二空指“在海边”，属特指，用the。故选C。
【点睛】名词表类别有三种情况：the +名词单数；a(n)+名词单数；名词复数（不加冠词）。所以第一空不填冠词。by the sea 在海边 by sea 乘船。
37．（2020·天津滨海新·三模）Dr. Andrew Morgan, _____headmaster of the school, told us, “_____fifth of students here go on to study at first-class universities.”
A．不填; A B．不填; The C．the; The D．a; A
【答案】A
【详解】考查冠词。句意：该校校长安德鲁·摩根博士告诉我们，“这里五分之一的学生会继续在一流大学学习。”某一区域的最高职务在句中作同位语、表语和补足语时前面不用冠词，所以第一空前不用冠词；分数的表达方法是：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子超过1时，分母用复数形式，第二空指“五分之一”，所以用one或a。故选A。
38．（2022·天津市西青区张家窝中学一模）— I never expected the experiment would be ________ failure.
— Nor did I. The result came as ________ complete surprise.
A．a; a B．不填; a
C．a; the D．不填; the
【答案】A
【详解】考查冠词。句意：—我从没想到这个实验会失败。—我也没有。结果完全出乎意料。抽象名词被赋予具体或特指含义时，前面一般应有不定冠词，本题中failure和surprise分别特指“一次失败的实验”，“一件令人吃惊的事”，故在其前加不定冠词，选A。
39．（2020·天津·一模）How can they finish ______ work in ______ absence of any other helpers
A．the; the B．the; an C．the;不填 D．不填；the
【答案】A
【详解】考查冠词。句意：在没有其他帮手的情况下，他们怎么能完成工作呢？work 作名词表示工作地点时、抽象意义时，不用加定冠词；当其表示具体的某项任务时，特指双方都明白的工作任务，前面要用定冠词，in the absence of“无……时，缺少……时”，固定用法，absence前需加定冠词。故选A。
40．（2019·天津天津·高考模拟）As ______ healthier lifestyle is being promoted, the bicycle has also become a tool that keeps people on ______ go.
A．the; a B．a; a
C．a; the D．a; /
【答案】C
【详解】考查冠词。句意：随着一种更健康的生活方式的推广，自行车也就同时成为人们上路代步的工具。第一个空表示数量“一”，所以要用不定代词a；“on the go”为固定搭配，意为“忙个不停; 十分活跃”，故第二个空是固定搭配。因此选C。专题01单项选择词类辨析（一）名词&冠词
序号 内容
训练 1 1~5题5年真题过关
训练2 1~40题模拟能力提升（天津各区模拟试题）
训练 1 5年真题过关
1．（2021·天津·高考真题）In the lab, keeping things clean and organized can help provide a safer ________.
A．system B．method C．investment D．environment
2．（2021·天津·高考真题）Great improvements in public health have been brought about by ________ in medical science.
A．traditions B．advances C．pressures D．examples
3．（2020·天津·高考真题）His vivid descriptions of country life quickly became popular, which established his _____________as one of America's greatest writers.
A．trust B．contact C．reputation D．theory
4．（2019·天津·高考真题）We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ________ on our lives in many ways.
A．statement B．impact
C．impression D．judgment
5．（2019·天津·高考真题）People believe writing poems provides a through which they can express their feelings.
A．shelter B．source
C．channel D．background
6．（2018·天津·高考真题）Can we stop the ______ of the world’s deserts and save the land that man depends so much on
A．loss B．heat C．spread D．defence
7．（2018·天津·高考真题）【2018·天津】The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
A．advice B．order
C．possibility D．invitation
8．（2017·天津·高考真题）The newspaper gave an accurate ________ of what happened the night before last.
A．example B．display C．signal D．account
9．（2016·天津·高考真题）（2016·天津）The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _____ of rain later tonight.
A．effect B．sense
C．change D．chance
10．（2014·天津·高考真题）Wind is now the world’s fastest growing ________ of power.
A．source B．sense C．result D．root
11．（2013·天津·高考真题）While she was in Paris, she developed a _____ for fine art.
A．way B．relation C．taste D．habit
12．（2012·天津·高考真题）You were working too hard. You’d better keep a ________between work and relaxation.
A．promise B．lead C．balance D．diary
13．（2009·天津·高考真题）I’m trying to break the of getting up too late.
A．tradition B．convenience
C．habit D．leisure
14．（2008·天津·高考真题）Most air pollution is caused by the burning of ____ like coal, gas and oil.
A．fuels B．articles C．goods D．products
15．（2014·天津·高考真题）Life is like ________ ocean; Only ________strong-willed can reach the other shore.
A．an; the B．the; a
C．the ;/ D．/ ; a
训练2 模拟能力提升（天津各区模拟试题）
1．（2022·天津南开·三模）Because of long-time ________ from other continents, Australia owns its special animals.
A．separation B．division C．movement D．connection
2．（2022·天津南开·二模）The valley was covered with a________ of heavy mist.
A．piece B．bar C．bunch D．blanket
3．（2022·天津·二模）People have difficulty accepting that their pictures were webcast live to millions of viewers, ______ the fact that some of them were not so graceful.
A．no doubt B．no denying C．nothing like D．not to mention
4．（2022·天津·二模）The man was responsible for much of the research and ______ work that led to the understanding of the structure of DNA．
A．discovery B．production C．creation D．contribution
5．（2022·天津和平·三模）He made it clear to his parents that he was going into town with the ________ of visiting the library and borrowing some books.
A．service B．intention C．doubt D．brief
6．（2022·天津滨海新·一模）Nowadays, many chefs take _____ from old recipe collection and recreate dishes to suit young appetite.
A．purpose B．potential C．virtue D．inspiration
7．（2022·天津河西·二模）There is no doubt that your tiredness is a(n) ________ of great stress and lack of sleep; you need to have a good rest.
A．assumption B．consequence C．consumption D．convenience
8．（2022·天津河北·二模）The club is currently planning several ________ to accommodate golfers who seek pleasure and leisure in a quiet place.
A．dimensions B．inspirations C．competitions D．expansions
9．（2022·天津·模拟预测）Doctors have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional ________.
A．interest B．attitude C．competence D．reputation
10．（2022·天津·静海一中模拟预测）Nowadays the_________for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.
A．priority B．potential C．preference D．prejudice
11．（2022·天津市宁河区芦台第一中学二模）When kids are struggling with subjects like reading or math, schools may provide teaching_______, a specific program to address academic needs.
A．comparison B．accumulation C．intervention D．conservation
12．（2022·天津·耀华中学模拟预测）Mr. Brown thought it would be a good idea to have ________ from his workers to improve his plan.
A．summaries B．admissions C．comments D．connections
13．（2022·天津市新华中学模拟预测）The local government has begun a ________ in this city to cut down the traffic accidents.
A．protest B．protect C．project D．propose
14．（2022·天津市新华中学模拟预测）Male nurses are difficult to hire as many men reject this ______ out of the long-existing discrimination.
A．concept B．assessment C．identity D．personality
15．（2022·天津市新华中学模拟预测）The teacher often makes a(n) ________ on how different the two boys are.
A．comment B．decision C．impression D．effect
16．（2022·天津市新华中学模拟预测）The method seemed to work, as I gained the respect of my ________, peers, and subordinates.
A．alumni B．interns C．colleagues D．seniors
17．（2022·天津市新华中学模拟预测）They certainly need a ________of the fundamentals of playing their instruments, but learning to collaborate requires understanding how these roles work together.
A．stability B．grasp C．acknowledgement D．manner
18．（2022·天津市新华中学模拟预测）Literally, overcapacity (产能过剩) pressured operating margins (利润), impacting players that lack scale or management ________to reduce costs.
A．stability B．fluency C．persistence D．expertise
19．（2022·天津市新华中学模拟预测）Protecting yourself from ________ theft is a matter of treating all your personal and financial documents as top-secret information.
A．identity B．database C．conference D．resident
20．（2022·天津市新华中学模拟预测）Seeing the ________ of my daughter playing with other kids on the beach, I felt so happy.
A．scene B．scenery C．view D．sight
21．（2022·天津市新华中学模拟预测）The organization assists people based on need and gives the top _______ to those in the most serious and immediate danger.
A．devotion B．division C．potential D．priority
22．（2022·天津·模拟预测）The company presented him with a gold watch in ________ of his 20 years of good service.
A．achievement B．appreciation C．attention D．agreement
23．（2022·天津·模拟预测）As expected, the boy who shows great ______ in playing badminton has been admitted to the sport university for his talent.
A．requirement B．respect C．addition D．promise
24．（2022·天津·模拟预测）The media are filled with ________ about what roles women should play in society.
A．crisis B．convention C．stereotypes D．substances
25．（2022·天津·一模）—Can you tell me your for happiness and a long life
—Living every day to the full, definitely.
A．recipe B．record C．range D．receipt
26．（2022·天津·模拟预测）To fight against global warming, scientists are working on energy-saving measures to reduce fuel ________.
A．consumption B．collection C．commitment D．distribution
27．（2022·天津和平·一模）We’ve always regarded Dr. Smith as a man of integrity and high professional ________.
A．interest B．attitude C．competence D．reputation
28．（2022·天津河东·一模）The signing of this agreement will ease the international________, which might bring an end to conflicts between countries.
A．tension B．regulation C．process D．affection
29．（2019·天津市红桥区教师发展中心二模）Our class held a fierce ________ as to whether to reduce the amount of homework or not.
A．bargain B．contest C．debate D．campaign
30．（2022·天津河北·一模）The ______ of spicy, salty, sweet and sour flavours makes Gong Bao Chicken hard to resist.
A．decoration B．construction C．competition D．combination
冠词
31．（2022·天津河西·三模）He was on ________ phone when I paid ________ visit to him yesterday.
A．the; a B．the; the C．不填; the D．the; 不填
32．（2021·天津河东·二模）The manager has brought up his opinion that if they make___ most of the modern equipment, there will be________ rise in production.
A．不填;不填 B．the; a C．不填; a D．the;不填
33．（2021·天津·二模）---Annette has been complaining about_____ traffic keeping her awake at night.
---Yes, there is ________ heavy traffic on the road near the residential community.
A．/; / B．/; the C．a; the D．the; /
34．（2021·天津南开·一模）The pizzas are delicious. Little Tom would like to have ________ third piece because ________ second piece is rather too small.
A．a; a B．the; the C．a; the D．the; a
35．（2021·天津·一模）--- It is reported that there is______big breakthrough in the cancer treatment.
---If only my son could be brought back to ________life.
A．a; the B．the; the C．a; \ D．\; a
36．（2013·天津·一模）The Smiths don’t usually like staying at hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by ________ sea.
A．/; a B．the; the C．/; the D．the; a
37．（2020·天津滨海新·三模）Dr. Andrew Morgan, _____headmaster of the school, told us, “_____fifth of students here go on to study at first-class universities.”
A．不填; A B．不填; The C．the; The D．a; A
38．（2022·天津市西青区张家窝中学一模）— I never expected the experiment would be ________ failure.
— Nor did I. The result came as ________ complete surprise.
A．a; a B．不填; a
C．a; the D．不填; the
39．（2020·天津·一模）How can they finish ______ work in ______ absence of any other helpers
A．the; the B．the; an C．the;不填 D．不填；the
40．（2019·天津天津·高考模拟）As ______ healthier lifestyle is being promoted, the bicycle has also become a tool that keeps people on ______ go.
A．the; a B．a; a
C．a; the D．a; /
