2023年安徽中考英语总复习二轮专题课件:专题二 动词 动词和动词短语(共42张PPT)

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名称 2023年安徽中考英语总复习二轮专题课件:专题二 动词 动词和动词短语(共42张PPT)
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(共42张PPT)
第二部分 语法专题剖析
专题二 动词
第1讲 动词和动词短语
2023年安徽中考英语总复习二轮专题课件
(必考)
知识清单
命题点1 动词的分类及词义辨析(必考:每年5~9道)
考点透析
根据意义和在句中的功能,动词可分为实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词四类。
1. 实义动词
指能独立用作谓语的动词,按其句法作用可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
实义动词 用法 示例
及物动词 必须跟宾语语意才能完整,后接名词、代词、动名词等作宾语 We planted many trees.(many trees是动词planted的宾语)
不及物动词 本身语意完整,后面不需要跟宾语,接宾语时通常要借助介词 Jenny and her parents live in Chinatown.(live之后加介词in构成短语后接宾语)
注:兼作及物和不及物动词的词有:answer, begin/start, close, learn, leave, prepare, sing等。
【拓展】常见的近义动词辨析
近义动词 具体用法
四“说” speak 及物动词,后常接表示语言的名词
say 常跟直接引语或间接引语,强调说话的内容
talk 不及物动词,其后常跟介词to或with,意为“同……谈话”,也表示具有说话的能力
tell 意为“告诉”,常与story, lie连用
近义动词 具体用法
四“看” see 强调看见的结果
look “看”,表示动作,是不及物动词,后面需加介词at才能跟宾语
watch 观看(比赛、电视等)
read “看(书、报)”,表示阅读
四“拿” bring “带来,拿来”,表示“拿到靠近说话人的地方”
take “拿去,带走”,表示“拿到远离说话人的地方”
carry “提,拿,搬”,多指用力移动,没有方向性
get “去取,去拿”,表示“往返拿东西”
续表
近义动词 具体用法
四“看” see 强调看见的结果
look “看”,表示动作,是不及物动词,后面需加介词at才能跟宾语
watch 观看(比赛、电视等)
read “看(书、报)”,表示阅读
四“拿” bring “带来,拿来”,表示“拿到靠近说话人的地方”
take “拿去,带走”,表示“拿到远离说话人的地方”
carry “提,拿,搬”,多指用力移动,没有方向性
get “去取,去拿”,表示“往返拿东西”
续表
近义动词 具体用法
四“花费” spend 人作主语,表示花费时间或金钱,后接on sth. 或(in)doing sth.
cost 物作主语,表示“某物花费多少钱”
take 可用于固定句型:It+takes/took+sb.+一段时间+to do sth.表示“花费某人一段时间做某事”
pay 人作主语,多与介词for连用
续表
近义动词 具体用法
三“借” borrow 非延续性动词,表示主语“借入”,常用搭配borrow sth. from sb.
lend 非延续性动词,表示主语“借出”,常用搭配lend sth. to sb.
keep 延续性动词,表示“长时间地借”
三“到达” get get to +地点名词
reach 及物动词,后面可直接跟地点名词
arrive in +大地点(名词) at +小地点(名词)
续表
近义动词 具体用法
四“提供” provide 含有免费供给的意思,结构:provide sb. with sth.=provide sth. for sb.
give 强调给的动作或因别人需要而给,结构:give sb. sth.=give sth. to sb.
offer 强调主动提供,结构:offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb.
supply 强调供给、补充,有一定存量或物资,结构:supply sb. with sth.=supply sth. to sb.
续表
2. 系动词
分类 例词 示例
存在类 am, is, are, was, were My books and tapes are in the bookcase.
持续类 keep, stay, remain Kicking a stone ball was often played in winter to keep warm.【2018安徽阅读理解】
变化类 become, go, get, grow, turn His face always turned red when he talked to girls!【人教九(全)Unit 4】
感官动词 look, sound, smell, taste, feel Mum, what are you cooking It smells so sweet.【2014安徽单项填空】
【拓展】感官动词的用法
词汇 相同点 含义及用法 所接形容词
feel 其后都接形容词作表语 “感觉;摸起来……”。指触觉 soft, smooth, comfortable
sound “听起来……”。指听觉 good, interesting, boring
look “看起来……”。指视觉 beautiful, ugly, young, old
taste “尝起来……”。指味觉 delicious, salty, sweet, sour
smell “闻起来……”。指嗅觉 sweet, nice, fresh
3. 助动词
(1)概念:本身无实际意义,不能单独作谓语,必须和其他动词连用帮助主要动词构成谓语,表示时态、语态、疑问、否定等结构。
(2)分类及其变化形式:
分类 常见的变形
be am, is, are, was, were, been, being
do does, did, done, doing
will would
shall should
have has, had, having
(3)功能:
功能 示例
表示时态 What are you reading, Linda 【2021安徽补全对话】
表示语态 Tons of paper was wasted, and her fingers were cut many times.【2018安徽完形填空】
构成疑问句 Do you know the spacewoman Wang Yaping 【2022安徽单项填空】
构成否定句 It is said that he who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.
表示强调 Please do take care of yourself.
4. 情态动词(具体讲解见专题二第2讲)
提升训练
1.His serious illness never ____ him from living a meaningful
and colorful life.
A.learned B.protected C.saved D.stopped
2.When talking to Western people, we should ____ the topics
like age, weight, or money they make.
A.avoid B.choose C.discuss D.prefer


3.—That newly-opened restaurant is very beautiful,
and the food is very delicious.
—Really? That ____ great! Let’s go there for dinner this
evening.
A.sounds B.smells C.tastes D.looks
4.In Chinese culture, people usually ____ relatives and close
friends to go to the house-warming party when they move to
a new house.
A.warn B.force C.invite D.supply


命题点2 动词短语(必考:每年1~3道)
考点透析
考向1 不同动词+同一介词/副词(10年4考)
分类 示例
about短语(2016.47) bring about引起 care about关心
dream about梦想 hang about闲逛
hear about听说 know about知道
learn about学习 talk about谈论
think about考虑 worry about担心
分类 示例
after短语 look after照顾 run after追赶
take after长得像
at短语 arrive at到达 knock at敲
laugh at嘲笑 look at看
point at指向 shout at朝……大喊
throw at朝……扔 smile at对……微笑
续表
分类 示例
away短语(2020.30) blow away吹走 get away离开 give away赠送
go away离开 move away搬走 pass away去世put away储存;放好 run away逃跑 throw away扔掉take away带走 walk away走开 wash away冲走
keep sb./sth. away(使)……避开
stay away from与……保持距离
续表
分类 示例
back短语 bring back恢复,使想起,归还
call(sb.) back(给某人)回电话
come back回来;再度流行
get back回来;返回
go back回去
give back归还
pay back偿还(借款等)
续表
分类 示例
down短语(2015.64) break down损坏 calm down冷静 cut down砍倒
die down减弱 fall down倒塌 get down下来
go down下降;下沉 lie down躺下 look down俯视
pull down摧毁 put down放下 sit down坐下
slow down(使)减速 take down取下
turn down调小;拒绝
write down写下;记下
续表
分类 示例
for短语 (10年2考) ask for请求 care for关心;照料
die for为……死 leave for动身去
look for寻找 pay for为……付钱
prepare for为……做准备 wait for等待
search for搜寻(2014.46)
stand for代表
reach for伸手去拿(2022.25)
续表
分类 示例
off短语(2016.42) break off突然停止 burn off烧掉 cut off切断
get off下车 give off散发 go off离开keep off远离 pay off还清(欠款等)
put off推迟 run off跑掉 see off送行
set off动身;启程;使爆炸
show off炫耀 shut off关闭
take off脱掉;起飞 turn off关掉
续表
分类 示例
on短语(10年2考) agree on对……意见一致 call on访问,拜访
carry on继续 come on加油
decide on决定;选定
depend on(upon) 依靠;依赖;视……而定;取决于
get on上车 go on继续 have on穿着
hold on稍等 keep on继续(2018.53)
live on以……为生 pass on传递 put on穿上;上演 take on承担(2018.37) try on试穿
turn on打开 work on从事
续表
分类 示例
out短语(2017.44) blow out吹熄 break out爆发
bring out使显出 come out出版
find out找出 get out出去
give out分发,公布 go out出去
hand out分发 hang out闲逛
leave out遗漏 point out指出
run out用完 sell out卖完
set out出发 take out拿出
work out解决
续表
分类 示例
up短语 (10年9考) bring up提出,养育 cheer up使振奋
clean up打扫干净 cut up切碎
dress up装扮 drive up开车(2018.63)
end up最终 fill up填满
fix up修理 give up放弃(10年4考)
go up上涨;上升 grow up长大
hurry up赶紧 look up查阅
续表
分类 示例
up短语 (10年9考) make up编造,化妆 pick up捡起(2019.41)
put up搭建;张贴 set up建立(2021.40)
stand up站起来 stay up熬夜
take up占据,开始从事(2021.26)
turn up出现;调大(2015.39) wake up醒来
续表
分类 示例
with短语(2014.59) agree with同意 begin/start with以……开始communicate with和……交流
connect with与……联系 deal with处理
part with分开 play with和……玩耍
talk with交谈 catch up with赶上;超过
come up with提出;想出 end up with以……结束
get along with和……相处
续表
考点2 同一动词+不同介词/副词
分类 示例
come 短语 come about 发生 come across(偶然)遇见come after跟踪;紧跟 come along进展;到来come back回来;回想起
come down降落;落下;下降
come from来自 come in进来;到达
come on加油 come into进入
come out出版;发表;出现 come over 顺便来访
come up with提出(主意、计划、回答等);想出
分类 示例
get短语(2019.64) get to到达 get up起床;起来
get over克服 get into进入
get on进展,上车 get out离开
get off下车 get together相聚
get through通过 get ready for…为……做准备get away from远离 get on with继续(做某事)
get along with…与……和睦相处
续表
分类 示例
give短语 (10年4考) give up 放弃(10年4考) give in 屈服;让步
give away 捐赠 give back 归还
give out 散发;分发 give off 发出(光、热等)
give (sb.) a lift 捎(某人)一程
续表
分类 示例
go短语 (10年2考) go on继续 go back回到
go around到处走动 go away走开
go by(时间)流逝(2014.39)
go over仔细检查 go off爆炸;(闹铃)响
go up上涨(2017.63) go with伴随
续表
分类 示例
keep短语(2018.53) keep away from远离 keep on继续
keep out留在外面 keep off使……不接近
keep up with赶上;跟上 keep in mind记住
keep in touch with... 和……保持联系
keep one’s cool 沉住气;保持冷静
keep out of置身于……之外
续表
分类 示例
look短语 look after照顾 look at看
look around环顾 look for寻找
look into调查 look like看起来像
look out当心 look over仔细检查
look through浏览
look up (在词典、参考书等中)查阅
look up to钦佩 look forward to盼望
续表
分类 示例
make短语 make sure确保 make up编造,组成make a decision/decisions做决定
put短语(2020.30) put away把……收起来 put back放回原处
put down放下;记下 put on穿上;上演;体重增加put off推迟 put out熄灭
put through给……接通(电话) put up搭建;张贴
put up with容忍
续表
分类 示例
take短语 (10年2考) take after (在外貌、性格等方面)与(父母等)相像
take away带走;拿走 take care of照顾 take down取下 take in吸入
take off脱下;起飞 take on承担;呈现(2018.37) take out取出;去掉
take over接管 take place发生
take part in参加
take up占据(时间、空间);开始从事(2021.26)
续表
分类 示例
turn短语(2015.39) turn around转身 turn on打开
turn off关闭 turn up出现;开大
turn down调低;关小 turn in上交
turn out结果是 turn to转向;求助于
续表
十年真题
5.(2022年25题)—Do you know the spacewoman
Wang Yaping
—Sure. She is called the mother who ____ the stars.
A.gave out B.put away C.looked after D.reached for
6.(2020年30题)We are supposed to ____ smart phones and take
more exercise instead.
A.take up B.put away C.look into D.give out


7.(2018年37题)Some animals can ____ the color around to
protect themselves.
A.take on B.give up C.put away D.see off
8.(2017年44题)Our geography teacher told us to ____ more
information about our city and share it next week.
A.find out B.keep away C.turn off D.use up


9.(2016年42题)Taking some exercise every day will ____ fat and
make you fit.
A.turn to B.sell out C.burn off D.put on
10.(2014年46题)Rose finished her study in the university and
went to ____ a good job.
A.take after B.look after C.care for D.search for


提升训练
11.—Sonia, what’s your New Year’s resolution?
—This year I’m going to ____ writing in my free time.
A.make up B.take up C.give up D.clean up
12.—You look excited. What happened?
—My cousin will ____ this afternoon. I can’t wait to meet him.
A.come from B.come down C.come in D.come back


13.Tina comes to China in order to experience Chinese culture
and ____ which university is the best for her to attend.
A.put out B.stay out C.find out D.run out
14.Before you choose a book, you’d better____ the first few
pages to know whether it is too easy or too difficult for you.
A.look out B.look after C.look through D.look for