2023年安徽中考英语总复习二轮专题课件:专题九 主从复合句(共41张PPT)

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名称 2023年安徽中考英语总复习二轮专题课件:专题九 主从复合句(共41张PPT)
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(共41张PPT)
第二部分 语法专题剖析
专题九 复合句
第2讲 主从复合句
(必考)
2023年安徽中考英语总复习二轮专题课件
知识清单
(必考)
命题点1 宾语从句(10年8考)
考点透析
概念:宾语从句是名词性从句的一种。在主从复合句中充当宾语,位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。
1. 宾语从句包含以下三大要素:
(1)连接词(10年8考)
连接词 作用 例句
连接副词(when/where/why/how/how词组等)(10年7考) 在从句中作状语 Could you tell me where you are from?你能告诉我你来自哪里吗?
连接词 作用 例句
连接代词(what/which/who/ whose/whom等) 在从句中作一定的成分,如:主语、宾语、定语等 He asked me whose book it was. 他问我这是谁的书。(作定语)
that 本身无意义,在从句中不作成分,在口语或非正式文体中常省略 He said(that)he would go to the seaside. 他说他要去海边。
续表
连接词 作用 例句
if/whether(2021.28) 意为“是否”,在从句中不作成分,但不可省略;句末有or not 时只能用whether He asked me whether/if I could help him. 他问我是否可以帮他。
续表
(2) 宾语从句的语序
特殊疑问句作宾语从句时,不管主句是陈述句还是疑问句,从句都用陈述句语序,即“连接词+陈述句语序”。
句末的标点符号由主句来定,主句是陈述句时,句末用“.”;主句是疑问句时, 句末用“?”。如:
.&1& &2& .
(3)宾语从句的时态
宾语从句的时态应遵循以下三个原则:
①需要性原则:主句若是现在时(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时)或将来时,从句时态随句意。如:
I remember he gave me a book yesterday. 我记得他昨天给了我一本书。
②呼应性原则:主句若是过去时(包括一般过去时、过去进行时),从句用过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。如:
He told me that he would take part in the high jump. 他告诉我他将会参加跳高比赛。
③特殊性原则:若从句表示客观真理或永久性情况,无论主句是什么时态,从句都用一般现在时。如:
He told me that the earth revolves around the sun. 他告诉我地球绕着太阳转。
2. 疑问词+不定式
(1)结构:疑问词+不定式
(2)用法:“疑问词+不定式”结构中的疑问词,包括疑问代词what, which等和疑问副词how, when, where等。这些疑问词和不定式一起构成了不定式短语,可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等。如:
I asked him how to learn English well. 我问他怎样学好英语。
【注意】
(1)只用whether不用if的情况
①引导介词后的宾语从句时。如:
I’m interested in whether he likes English.我感兴趣的是他是否喜欢英语。
②与or not连用时。如:
Your habits will decide whether or not you are successful in the future.你的习惯将会决定你将来是否会成功。
③引导动词discuss后的宾语从句时。如:
We are discussing whether we should start out now.我们正在讨论我们是否应该现在出发。
④宾语从句置于句首时。如:
Whether this is true or not, I’m not sure.这是不是真的,我不确定。
(2)宾语从句的否定前移
在宾语从句中,当主句的谓语动词为think, believe, expect, imagine, suppose等时,从句中表示否定意义的not应移到这些词之前。如:
I don’t think you are right. 我认为你是不对的。
(3)如果复合句中宾语从句很长,那么可以用it作形式宾语,以免句子头重脚轻。如:
He made it quite clear that he preferred to study English. 他很明确地说他更喜欢学英语。
(4)当what, who, which在宾语从句中作主语时,该句型语序不变。如:
I don’t know what’s wrong/the matter/the trouble with him.
十年真题
1.(2021年28题)—I’m not sure ___ my suggestion is helpful to
you.
—It certainly is. Every little bit helps.
A.why B.how C.whether D.where
2.(2020年29题)—Could you tell me ___ we can start a
conversation with a foreigner
—Talking about weather is a good choice.
A.how B.why C.where D.when


3.(2018年39题)—I wonder ___ Jane gets on so well with her
classmates.
—Because she always cares much about others.
A.whether B.how C.when D.why
4.(2017年41题)—Do you know ___ Anne goes to work every day
—Usually by underground.
A.why B.how C.when D.whether


5.(2016年38题)—Look at the stone bridge! Do you know ___ it
was built
—In the 1860s. It is quite old.
A.when B.how C.where D.why

提升训练
6.—Can you tell me___ Lily is Miss Chen is looking for her.
—She is in the reading room.
A.how B.what C.where D.who
7.—Mum, can you tell me___ Dad will come back. I dreamed
of him last night.
—Next week.
A.where B.why C.how D.when


命题点2 状语从句(必考:每年1~3道)
考点透析
1. 引导时间状语从句(10年5考)
连词 含义及用法 例句
when “当……时”;引导的从句中谓语动词既可以是延续性动词,也可以是瞬间性动词 The students were talking when the teacher came in. 当老师进来的时候,学生们正在交谈。
连词 含义及用法 例句
while “当……时”;引导的从句中谓语动词须用延续性动词或表示状态的动词 I was doing my homework while my father was watching TV. 我的爸爸在看电视时,我在做我的作业。
after “在……之后”;主句的动作发生在从句动作之后 I’ll go to play football after I finish my homework. 我做完作业之后会去踢足球。
before(2018.54) “在……之前”;主句的动作发生在从句动作之前 Please turn off the light before you leave the room. 在你离开房间之前请关灯。
续表
连词 含义及用法 例句
till/until(2017.53) “直到……为止” I’ll wait till/until he arrives. 我会一直等,直到他来。
not...until“不到……不,直到……才” She won’t get home until it gets dark. 她不到天黑不会回家。
as soon as “一……就……”;引导的从句常用一般现在时表将来 I’ll call you as soon as I get to Beijing. 我一到北京就会给你打电话。
续表
连词 含义及用法 例句
since(2015.53, 2014.34) “自从……”;主句常用一般现在时或现在完成时,从句常用一般过去时 Cath hasn’t phoned since she went to Berlin. 卡思自从去了柏林还没有打来过电话。
as (2018.57) “当……时”; 表示一件事情正在发生,另一件事情也在进行中,引导的从句通常只用一般过去时 As we were going out, it began to snow. 当我们出门时,开始下雪了。
续表
2. 引导条件状语从句(10年4考)
连词 含义及用法 例句
if(2016.44) “如果”;若从句用一般现在时,主句则用一般将来时 We’ll go for a picnic if it doesn’t rain. 如果不下雨我们就会去野餐。
unless(2022.28,2019.44,2013.44) “除非,如果不”;相当于if...not They will have a picnic unless it rains next Sunday. 如果下周日不下雨,他们将会去野餐。
as long as “只要”;主从句时态与if的用法一致 I’ll stay as long as you need me.只要你需要我,我就留下来。
3. 引导让步状语从句(10年4考)
连词 含义及用法 例句
though/ although “虽然”;不能与but连用,但可以与yet或still连用 He often helps others though he is not rich. 虽然他不富有,但他常常帮助其他人。
even though/if “即使,尽管” Even though/if the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year. 尽管森林公园很远,但每年还是有很多游客去那里观光。
4. 引导原因状语从句(2021.34)
连词 含义及用法 例句
because(2021.34) “因为”;表示因果关系的语气最强,通常表示直接的原因 He didn’t come because he was ill. 他没来是因为他生病了。
since “既然”;引出的原因通常是人们已经知道的事实,多用于书面语 Since we have got ready for it, let’s set off. 既然我们做好了准备,就出发吧。
as “因为”;引出的原因通常是人们已知的事实或者在说话人看来已经很明显的原因 As I’m not at home, please leave a message. 因为我不在家,请留言。
5. 引导目的状语从句
连词 含义及用法 例句
so that “以便,目的是” He got up very early so that he could get there in time. 他起得很早以便他能及时到达那里。
in order that “为了, 以便” He works hard in order that he can go to a good college. 为了能上一所好大学,他努力学习。
6. 引导结果状语从句[so...that..., such...that...与so that(2015.57)]的讲解详见本书第一部分P23
7. 状语从句的时态
(1)“主将从现”原则:即主句为一般将来时,从句使用一般现在时。常见的遵循“主将从现”原则的连词有:表示时间的when, while, after, before, until, till, whenever, as soon as等;表示条件的if, unless, as long as等。如:
I will send you an e-mail as soon as I arrive there.我一到那儿就给你发邮件。
If she comes here tomorrow, I will go to the park with her. 如果她明天来这里,我将和她一起去公园。
(2)“主情从现”原则:主句有情态动词,从句使用一般现在时。如:
You can get good grades if you study hard. 如果你努力学习,你就会取得好成绩。
(3)“主祈从现”原则:主句为祈使句,从句使用一般现在时。如:
Be quiet when you are in the reading room. 在阅览室时要保持安静。
(4)since引导的时间状语从句,主句通常用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。如:
Our English teacher has worked in this school since she graduated from Peking University.
我们英语老师从北京大学毕业后就一直在这所学校工作。
十年真题
8.(2020年28题)Our English teacher is nice and patient ___ she is
very strict with us.
A.if B.as C.unless D.though
9.(2019年44题)Our business won’t improve ___ we offer better
services to our customers.
A.because B.unless C.after D.since


10.(2016年44题)Our world will get better and better ___ each of
us lives a greener life.
A.before B.if C.though D.until
11.(2014年34题)Rick has learned a lot about Chinese culture ___
he came to China.
A.before B.when C.until D.since


提升训练
12.(2022庐阳区三模)—We are very pleased that his hard work
has finally paid off.
—It took him ten years ___ his book got into the list of best
sellers.
A.before B.because C.unless D.though
13.(2022蜀山区一模)Tom is always full of hope ___ he met many
difficulties in his life.
A.unless B.though C.until D.because


14.—The environment is terrible.
—I think it will be even worse ___ the government takes action
to protect it.
A.until B.when C.if D.unless

命题点3 关系从句(定语从句)(2013.49)
考点透析
步骤一 根据定义定考点
在复合句中, 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。两个句子之间通过关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose)或关系副词(when, where, why)连接起来。定语从句前面被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。因此, 如果确定是考查定语从句, 我们就可以排除不是关系代词或关系副词的选项, 如:what。
步骤二 根据成分定关系词
在此过程中要掌握“三看”原则。
1. 一看指人还是物
先行词指人:that, who, whose, whom
先行词指物:that, which, whose
2. 二看在从句中作何成分,具体见下表:
所作成分 关系词
主语 who(人), which(物), that(人/物)
宾语 who/whom(人), which(物), that(人/物)
定语 whose(人/物)
状语 where(地点), when(时间), why(原因)
如果从句中缺少主要成分,补关系代词;如果从句中不缺主要成分,补关系副词。
3. 三看是否属特殊
(1)关系词只能用that,不能用which的情况
①先行词是不定代词 something, anything, everything, nothing, all, little, few, much, none, some等时。如:
As we all know, all that can be done has been done. 众所周知, 所有能做的都已经做了。
②先行词被 the only, the very, the right, the last等修饰时。如:
It is the only word that I don’t know in the passage. 这是这篇文章里唯一一个我不认识的单词。
③当先行词既有人又有物时。如:
The characters and events that the author described in his book are very interesting. 作者在他的书里描写的那些人和事非常有趣。
④先行词前面有序数词或形容词最高级修饰, 或先行词本身就是序数词时。如:
He was the first person that gave us some useful advice. 他是第一个给了我们一些有用的建议的人。
⑤当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。如:
Who is the man that is standing over there? 站在那边的那位男士是谁?
(2)只能用which而不用that的情况:
①引导非限定性定语从句时。如:
The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.那棵400年的树在这里很有名。
②关系词前有介词时。如:
We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我们依靠土地来获得粮食。
③先行词本身是that, those时。
(3)只能用who而不用that的情况:
①当先行词为people和those时,只能用who。
②当先行词为one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人)时,只能用who。
③先行词为人,而关系代词在从句中作主语时,一般多用who。
十年真题
15.(2013年49题)I still remember the college and the teachers ___
I visited in London years ago.
A.what B.who C.that D.which

提升训练
16.According to a survey, people ___ are able to speak two
languages can manage two things at the same time more
easily.
A.which B.whom C.whose D.who
17.—I’m glad to lend my ruler to you. But I’m not sure
which one you want.
—The one ___ has your name on it.
A.where B.which C.whom D.who