中考英语二轮题型总复习专题-任务型阅读解题技巧课件

(共60张PPT)
任务型阅读
解题技巧
制作：Henry
一、 何谓任务型阅读题型？
“任务型阅读”是一道主观题，主要考查学生实际运用语言的能力。它要求学生在阅读理解的基础上，完成某些任务或解决某些问题，以培养学生获取信息、整合信息、判断推理及书面表达的能力。所以“任务型阅读”是介于阅读理解和写作之间，其任务已不同于阅读理解中的选择题或书面表达题，而是在理解文字的基础上，完成相应的图表或文字练习，从而有效地测试学生用英语“做事”的能力。
二、任务型阅读题型的特点是什么？
“任务型阅读”考查的题型主要有以下几种：阅读简答、阅读填空题、信息匹配题、阅读填表题。尽管“任务型阅读”题型多样，但总体上看，它由两部分构成：短文和阅读任务。
此类题一般要求考生阅读短文后按要求完成任务。“任务型阅读”题的特点可概括为以下几点：
(1)阅读材料结构完整，提供的信息相对集中。
任务型阅读的语言材料多以说明文、议论文为主。重视材料的真实性、实用性，信息集中。如：2010年常州中考卷中介绍了The use of modern technology in the classroom,文章不仅内容贴近学生生活，而且其结构十分完整，逻辑严密。常见的用于任务型阅读的材料还有科普文章、公告、说明、广告以及书刊杂志中的时文等。
二、任务型阅读题型的特点是什么？
任务型阅读要求学生在理解文章内容的基础上，进行信息的提取、整合和概括。然后充分利用自己的语言知识和技能组织语言文字，再用精练的语言和规范的表达方式，准确无误地将所要表达的意思进行有效的输出。
(2)从语言输入到语言输出，强调语言的交际性。
二、任务型阅读题型的特点是什么？
如：2010年无锡中考卷任务型阅读介绍了世博会的历史，紧跟社会热点；2010 年常州中考卷介绍了“科技在现代教学中的运用”；2010年镇江中考卷谈到了一位美国演员在中国和日本体验到的文化差异。无论是填词还是完成表格，考生都须在任务的引导下阅读。问题设置具有真实性和情境性。学生完成任务的过程就是运用语言进行交际的过程，同时也是分析问题、解决问题的过程。
(3)问题设置方式呈现多样性，贴近现实生活情境
二、任务型阅读题型的特点是什么？
多数任务型阅读题在设置图表填空，完成空格甚至回答问题时都有明确的字数限制。从各地的中考题看，从选词或短语填空、填写一个词、填写句子或概括主旨，都需要学生积极思考，灵活运用语言，并严格按照要求，准确作答。
(4)答题要求语言精练，强调语言的准确性。
三、任务型阅读题型的解题方法是哪些？
“任务型阅读”的解题方法通常可分为以下几种：
1.理解语篇，获取关键信息
“任务型阅读”题虽侧重表达，但读懂语篇是前提。因此学生首先要运用已有知识和经验。捕捉、筛选、比较信息，以获取有用的关键信息。很多时候考生还需对所获取信息进行整合和再加工，进行灵活转换。以2010年江苏卷为例，南通卷中第76题How many Chinese never smiled or smiled less than five times a day 只要找到文中第一段"However, a recent survey showed that 25% of Chinese never smiled or smiled less than five times a day.”便可找到答案。但镇江卷中第61题，Time Amanda spent in China about years.文中信息为She came to China three years ago,需将 three years ago 转换为 three years。而在常州卷中第34题则需在读完全文后，综合信息，用自己的词回答出advantages of using modern technology in the classroom。
三、任务型阅读题型的解题方法是哪些？
2.分析文体，把握篇章结构
“任务型阅读”题十分重视考查学生对篇章结构的把握。英语语篇按照文体可以分为记叙文、描述文、议论文和说明文等。在阅读时根据不同的文体，归纳出不同的阅读方法。如阅读议论文时，学生必须围绕主题，理清脉络，摸清作者的主要论点和论据，分清主次信息，方能正确答题。常州卷中表格左列第34题是总论点,右列第 35、36、37、38 为分论点，列出细节，而且这些细节均用短语或短句，且都用动词make开头，文章的行文脉络一目了然。
三、任务型阅读题型的解题方法是哪些？
3.联系上下文，进行词形转换
“任务型阅读”题中的任务一般都是表达性任务，从简单的填词到用自己的语言概括主旨，都要求考生具有扎实的句法和词汇知识。因为所填单词或句子不仅要达意，还必须在词性和词形上与上下文的结构保持一致。如有时需转换名词单复数，有时需将形容词变名词或副词，或变为比较级、最高级等，或首字母大写，或进行动词时态的变化等。因此考生在平时的学习中需多进行词形、句型的改写和替换练习，提高对各种转换之间的灵敏度，进而提高解题的正确率。
三、任务型阅读题型的解题方法是哪些？
4.通读全文，复查验证答案
通观全文，复读检查所填内容。最后的检查非常重要，重点检查所填的内容上下文是否一致，单词拼写是否一致，词性、句法是否正确，回答是否符合要求等等，确保万无一失。
四、任务型阅读题型的分类
事实询问题
推理判断题
数据推算题
主旨大意题
常识题
A
B
C
D
E
五、任务型阅读之“表格填空”
两步读文
读表
定位
分析图表结构，理清层次关系，特别注意图表中的小标题，它往往暗示着段落的主题，可帮助初步了解文章脉络及中心大意。
深入理解文章内容，精读与空格处信息有关的段
落，寻找关键词或进行概括，同时仔细斟酌用词，确保所填内容准确、恰当。
五、任务型阅读之“表格填空”
四招解题
第一招
锁定信息段，从文章中直接查找答案，并用原词填空。一般而言，此类题目只有一到两题。
直接捕捉信息词
五、任务型阅读之“表格填空”
四招解题
第二招
将捕捉到的信息进行加工转换，主要类型有：
1.主动与被动；
2.谓语动词与非谓语动词；
3.动词原形与动词第三人称单数形式；
4.词性和单复数等。
间接信息转换
五、任务型阅读之“表格填空”
四招解题
第三招
1.根据关键词，在文中捕捉原始信息。
2.根据空格前后的语境，从语法和搭配角度对原始信息进行加工。
意译法
五、任务型阅读之“表格填空”
四招解题
第四招
1.段意或文意的概括：根据表格里横向单元格和纵向单元格之间的逻辑关系或每段段首句概括。
2.句群的概括：对段落重要信息句的概括。
概括信息
六、任务型阅读之“回答问题”
四步解题
Step 1
在解题之前，一定要认真通读短文，掌握短文所提供的信息，理解其内在含义，提高答题的准确率和速度。
通读全文，了解大意
六、任务型阅读之“回答问题”
四步解题
Step 2
回答一定要针对所给的问题而且要符合原文的内容，不能答非所问；注意词语的运用，务必表达正确。
浏览问题，针对问题回答
六、任务型阅读之“回答问题”
四步解题
Step 3
解题时，注意所用语句的时态要与原文一致，词与词搭配正确，主谓一致；另外，还要留意各类词形的变化，如形容词、副词的比较级以及名词的所有格等。
回答问题，瞻前顾后
六、任务型阅读之“回答问题”
四步解题
Step 4
将全文的主题思想贯穿于各题的解答中，研究其内在的联系和逻辑关系，并依此审核答案，对照题目，推测判断，确保理解无误。在做任务型阅读时，不仅要注意对文章的理解，还要掌握答题的方式和对答案书写的核对，很多同学容易犯书写方面的错误。
复读全文，核对答案
七、 真题演练
There is a new shopping mall near my school. It is very easy to find. It is near the bus stop and the taxi rank. The mall is very big. There are five floors of shops and each floor is very big. There are lots of clothes shops. It is great for girls. However, there are not many shops for boys. There is only one sports shop. I think the mall needs some more. There are lots of restaurants on the top floor. You can eat different kinds of food from different countries. I like Chongqing Restaurant best. It has great food from Sichuan. I like the big cinema. I like watching a film before I go shopping. I do not like the computer games centre. It is small and there are too many people. The mall is a fun place to go. It is a good place to meet friends.
七、 真题演练
A new 1 mall Where It’s 2 the bus stop and the taxi rank.
Five __3__ There are many 4 shops for girls.
There is only one 5 shop.
There are lots of 6 on the top floor.
You can watch a 7 before going shopping.
The computer games centre isn’t 8 9 to hold(容纳) too many people.
I think it’s a good place to meet 10 . Key:
1.shopping
2.near
3.floors
4.clothes
5.sports
6.restaurants
7.film
8.large/big
9.enough
10.friends
七、 真题演练
If you look at the top of your phone, you will usually see a little symbol that says 3G or 4G. The G means“generation” of your mobile network. But these symbols will become things of the past after 5G networks fully arrive.
On March 30, Shanghai vice-mayor(副市长)WuQing made the first 5G video call on the Huawei Mate X Smartphone. Shanghai has also become the first city in our country to start testing 5G networks.
More and more people started to learnabout 5G because it has many advantages. 5G will let people download and upload the data(上传数据) faster than before. People can use it for many other things as well. For example, 5G will help to make self-driving cars safer. Today's self-driving test cars take time to send the information and the receiving instructions. They can't react in time. With the help of 5G, this can be greatly improved.
People could also use 5G to power the Internet of Things(IOT 物联网). It's a large online network that connects all things and people. Fast Internet speed will be the key to developing this technology.
5G is on the way. It will lead us to a new world. Are you ready
(2020 湖北十堰中考)
七、 真题演练
How 1 Will Change the World Introduction 1.The G means“generation"of your mobile network.
2.On 2 , Wu Qing made the first 5G video call on a HUAWEI Mate X Smartphone.
3. 3 has also become the first city in our country to start testing 5G networks.
Advantages 1.It will let people download and upload data faster than before.
2.It will make self-driving cars 4 .
3.It can 5 all things and people.
七、 真题演练
Keys:
1.5G 文章简介5G的出现以及5G的优点。结合短文的最后一段中的“It will lead us to a new world.”可知5G将会改变世界。设空处填5G。
2.March 30/March 30th 根据第二段第一句话“On March 30，Shanghai vice-mayor Wu Qing made the first 5G video call on the Huawei Mate X Smartphone.”可知在3月30日，上海市副市长吴清在华为Mate X智能手机上首次进行5G视频通话。
3.Shanghai 根据第二段中的“Shanghai has also become the first city in our country to start testing 5G networks.”可知上海成为我国第一个开始测试5G网络的城市。
4.safer 根据第三段中的“5G will help to make self-driving cars safer"可知5G将有助于使自动驾驶汽车更安全。
5.connect 根据第四段中的“It's a large online network that connects all things and people. (它是一个连接所有事物和人的大型在线网络)” 可知5G能够连接所有事物和人。情态动词can后接connect的原形。
八、 典型例题（1）
1. 同义转述类
(1)词形转换题详析：如：2018年无锡卷中的58题，考生需要在语篇中最后一段找到“Her acting career began in2002 when she made her first appearance on TV.”将其和图表中的“It( Her acting career)started in 2002 when she 58on TV for the first time."进行比较从而发现 she made her first appearance on TV = she appeared on TV for the first time,从而得到正确答案appeared。2018年常州中考卷第38题，考生需要找到语篇中第三段的第二句“It is a path to understanding your history and your society.”并将其和图表中的“Learning poems helps you 38 history and society”进行对比分析，从而获得答案understand。再如2018年南京卷中的65题，语篇中最后段中的"Monet’s train scenes turned his career into a success and for the stationmaster, made his train station famous until even now.”与图表中的“His train scenes made not only his career 65 but also the train station famous. 表意一致，从而得出答案successful 三个城市的试题中还考了marrying→married;read→reading;interesting→interest等词形转换。这一题型不仅考查了语言转述能力，同时也考查了对比、分析、转换等复杂的思维品质。
八、 典型例题（1）
1. 同义转述类
(2)新词转换题详析：如2018年无锡卷中的58题，考生需要找到语篇第三段中的“who （Meghan Markle）just married into Britain's royal family(王室)”，将其与图表中的“Meghan Markle 55 Britain's royal family”进行对比、联想、转换，发现married into Britain's royal family = joined Britain's royal family，从而得到答案joined。同年常州卷中的36题，考生需要在原文中找到第一段中的“because it is considered to be out of date and have little to do with the life of today's students",将其与图表中的 Most people think poetry is 36 from the life of today's students”进行对照转换，凝练出have little to do with the life of today's students = is different from the life of today's students, 从而得到答案different。南京卷中的62 题,考生可以通过对比原文第二段最后一句中的“this was the first stat.on built in Paris"与图表中的“at the train station with the longest 62 in Paris",发现 the first station built in Paris = the train station with the longest history in Paris，从而得出答案history。此外三个城市试卷里还涉及到from a very early age = when she was very young; quite different from = not the same as; what the real world looked like = how the real world looked;from January to March = between January and March 等新词转换（下划线单词为试题答案)。新词转换较之于词形转换类题目，难度加大，因为学生需要通过定位、比较、联想、迁移、转换等复杂的思维过程才可以想出新词答案，该类题具有较好的选拔功能。
八、 典型例题（2）
“任务型阅读”设置在标题栏和段意栏中的空格，需要通过对语篇的主题意义或对段落的主题进行归纳概括才能得出答案，在对主题意义归纳概括的过程中,凸显了对学生把握文本主题意义能力的考查。
归纳概括题详析：如2018常州卷中的37题,学生通过对语篇中对应的第三、第四段的信息提取发现，这部分主要讲述：
(1)诗歌是学习中国传统文化的重要途径；
(2)诗歌是表达和理解个人情感和思想的文学体裁；
(3)诗歌能用凝练工整的句式表达音韵美、意境美。对这三个细节信息进行归纳概括，得出本部分的段意Reasons for learning poetry，从而得出本题的答案Reasons。无锡卷中的56题和南京卷中的59题，与此题有异曲同工的考查效果。“任务型阅读”语篇具有丰富的文化内涵，在归纳概括主题意义的过程中，既训练了考生分析、归纳、提炼、概括等高阶思维品质，同时也渗透了文化意识的培养。
2.归纳概括类
八、 典型例题（3）
“任务型阅读”中的部分试题，可以从语篇原文对应段落的对应语句中，找到某个特定的词语，来补全图表中相应空格，此类题难度相对较低，考生得分率较高，体现了考试激励功能。但此类题目对学生在阅读语篇中迅速捕捉定位关键信息的学习能力进行了训练与考查。原文原词类试题，能培养学生通过语篇阅读，在自然、地道的语境中自然吸取语言知识、提升表达能力，养成终身阅读的习惯。因为此类题学生得分率较高，从而使学生在英语学习的过程中不断体验进步与成功，认识自我，建立自信，在成功的体验中不断提升学习兴趣。
原文原词题详析，如2018年常州卷第39题，考生可以找到语篇第四节的第二句“In a few shot lines, even something common can become beautiful.”将其和图表中的Poems can express beauty of 39 things with very few lines.”进行句式对照和意义转换，其中 something common can become beautiful 等同于Poems can express beauty of common things，从而利用原文原词common作为本题的答案。再如南京卷中的58题，考生把语篇第一节最后一句Impressionism received its name from an early painting by Claude Monet titled impression,Sunrise.” 和图表中的“He helped Impressionism get its 58 by his painting Impression, Sunrise.”进行对照转换，发现其中的 received its name from= get its name by，因而获得原文原词答案name。原文原词题目看似较其他题型简单，但也需要同学们根据图表空格所在语境信息到语篇中迅速定位对应信息，进行比较分析，通过句式转换后才能得出答案。该题型相对容易，是培养学生浅层学习能力和激发学习兴趣的好题目。
3.原文原词类
九、 真题演练-表格式
Kristy Allan is one of the most famous models in theworld. You can see her on the television, in magazines and newspapers.
Kristy was born in 1994 and she was only eighteen years old when she won the Supermodel Contest.
Kristy has a very busy life. She gets up at 6:30 a.m. and then goes running. At about 7:00, she has breakfast. She goes to work at 8:30. She usually goes to bed at 10:30 p.m.
Kristy is very careful about what she eats. She never eats pizza and she only eats noodles sometimes. She usually eats fish and she always eats vegetables.
In the future, Kristy would like to be a dancer.
九、 真题演练-表格式
1 card 2 name Allan
Age She’s 3 .
Job She’s a famous 4 .
Her states(状况) She’s popular on 5 , in magazines or newspapers.
Her 6 life She’s has 7 hours’ sleep every day.
Her lifestyles She’s has breakfast 8 going running.
Her diet(饮食) She’s is very 9 about food.
Her future plan She 10 to be a dancer in the future.
Key:
1.Information
2.Family
3.twenty-three
4.model
5.television
6.busy
7.eight
8.after
9.careful
10.wants
九、 真题演练-回答问题式
Some children are talking about their favourts outdoor activities in spring.
Lyan: There is a garden by my house. My favourite spring activity is working in the garden. I just think it is so quiet to be outside.
Rose: I like taking my dog for a walk. I also love blowing bubbles. I will sit on the front steps with my dog playing in the yard and blowing bubbles-it's so relaxing.
Adam: I love going fishing with my father and enjoying the beach. Last time we went boating. The dolphins came so close to us. I couldn't believe it-it was so amazing. I don't know when I can go there again.
Bob: I love spending a whole morning or afternoon at a park playing Frisbee and just relaxing in the shade!
Debbie: I enjoy going to the Farmers Market and to the beach. Mostly I go to the beach. It is just so relaxing to lie in the sand, watch the waves, and have a nice fruit drink.
(2022江苏南通海安海陵中学单元检测)
九、 真题演练-回答问题式
1.What's Lynn's favourite spring activity
_______________________________________
2.Who does Rose like going for walks with
_______________________________________
3.What does Bob like doing at a park
_______________________________________
4.Who enjoys the beach
_______________________________________
5.How many children are there talking about their favourite spring activities in the passage
_______________________________________
Her favourite spring activity/It is working in the garden.
She likes going for walks with her dog./Her dog.
He likes playing Frisbee.
Adam and Debbie.
Five.
十、 技巧点拨
首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料。
其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。
要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性。对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
十一、 解题策略
“任务型阅读”题的解题策略由任务图表中设空的位置所决定。阅读短文后的任务表格，实际上就是上面阅读文章的篇章结构图解。图表的顶端往往是文章的标题(Tile);图表主体部分的左侧往往是各段的小标题(段意)(Subtitles)，其右侧为各段具体的细节信息(Details),多以提纲式的短语或短句呈现，且各并列要点或小标题(段意)在表述形式上须一致；而图表的低端往往是文章的结语(Conclusion)。学会分析语篇，理清任务表格的布局设计，是快速补全图表文字表达的关键。学生对任务表格布局的认识了解,有利于在解答每个空格时，有的放矢地到文章中的对应部分快速寻读到含有解题信息的语句，从而提高解题速度和正确率。图表中设空的位置不同，相应的解题策略也就不同：
(1)如果空格设置在表格顶端的标题(Title)中，则考生通常可以从文章的第一段 （Introduction）或最后一段(Conclusion)以及文章主体部分(Main Body)各小段的主题句(Topic Sentence)的归纳提炼中得到答案。此类设空是对全文主旨大意归纳能力的考查。
(2)如果空格设置在表格底部的写作目的或意图(Aims/Purposes)中，则考生一般可以到文章的开头(Introduction)或最后一段(Conclusion)中寻找到答案的暗示。这种设空，意在考查学生揣摩作者写作意图的能力。
十一、 解题策略
(3)如果空格设置在表格左边的文章段落大意或小标题(Subtitles)部分，则考生可以到该空格所对应的短文段落或小标题中得到解题启发，同时参照表格中上、下段落大意或小标题归纳所用词句，从而得到满意答案。该题型意在考查学生概括段落大意的能力。
(4)如果空格设置在表格中间的细节板块(Details)中，则考生可以直接到该细节所属的段落或小标题下段落里寻找相对应的语句，通过同义转述的信息转换得到正确答案。该题型是对词性转换、词语释义、同义替换、语法结构、结构分析、细节理解等能力的考查。
十一、 解题策略
(1)扫视文本，了解体例。即，先粗略的看一下文本有多少自然段，各自然段的长短如何？如果是有小标题文本，了解一下有几个小标题，开篇的导入语(Introduction)大概说了什么，有没有全文的结束语(Conclusion)，由此可以预测表格的大概布局面貌。
(2)浏览表格，记住任务。阅读表格横行、纵列栏目布局，记住每个任务空格所在表格中的方位，以此做出逻辑推断，从而在头脑中形成完成该空格需要回看文本的路径。
(3)寻读文本，推理答案。带着空格任务到文本中的相应位置去寻找解题有用的语句信息，找到后做好标记定位，然后对比原文信息和图表信息，通过分析、比较、推理、迁移、归纳等信息加工过程，最终得出正确答案。
怎样高效而准确地获得“任务型阅读”的答案？
十二、实践演练（1）
I am a student of a middle school. My class teacher is Mrs Green. She is more than 30 years old. She is our English and History teacher. She is strict(严格) and at the same time she is very kind.
In our school, there is a playground. We do morning exercises, play basketball and volleyball there. Our PE teacher, Mr Jackson teaches us to do ball games. He was once a successful sportsman. He is our hero(偶像). Our school also has a swimming pool. We take swimming lessons there.
Our classroom building is very large and the school hall is on the ground floor. Eery year, we have a prize giving ceremony(颁奖典礼) in the hall.
十二、实践演练（1）
My School Classroom building It is 1 . On the ground floor, there is a 2 .
We have a prize-giving building ceremony there every year.
Playground We do morning exercises, play 3 and volleyball there.
Swimming pool We take 4 lessons there.
Teachers Mrs Green teaches us English and 5 .
She is over 6 years old.
She is strict and 7 .
Mr Jackson is our 8 teacher.
He teaches us to do 9 games.
He is our 10 .
Key:
1.large/big
2.hall
3.basketball
4.swimming
5.History
6.thirty/30
7.kind
8.PE
9.ball
10.hero
十二、实践演练（2）
At midnight on New Year's Eve, people in Rome(罗马)，Italy throw all the things they no longer want. You can find old chairs, beds, clothes and dishes...everywhere in the streets.
In Madrid(马德里), Spain, New Year comes in more quietly. People go to the main squares, and each of them holds a bag of grapes. As the clock strikes twelve, the people eat grapes.
In Tokyo(东京), people eat noodles on New Year's Eve. This food is said to bring long life. Early the next morning, some Japanese families climb Mount Fuji(富士山). There they watch the first sunrise of the new year.
In China, family members come back home and have a big dinner. New Year's food is a whole fish and a whole chicken. The whole chicken has a head, a tail and two feet and that will bring them good luck.
十二、实践演练（2）
Spend New year's Eve in 1 ways In Italy Throw 3 things. You will see them here and there in the 3 .
In Spain People go to main square and eat 4 .
In Japan People eat 5 . Some 6 Mount Fuji to 7 the sunrise.
In China People get 8 . They have the 9 fish and chicken. The food will make them 10 in the coming new year.
Key:
1.different
2.old
3.street
4.grapes
5.noodles
6.climb
7.watch
8.home
9.whole
10.lucky
十二、实践演练（3）
Wang Fang is 25 years old. She is a girl in Sichuan. She works in a middle school about 3km away from her home. She walks to the school every Sunday afternoon, and on Friday afternoon she walks back home. On weekdays, she lives at school.
Her school is a Hope Middle School. It doesn't have tall buildings. There are only 200 students and 15teachers in it. Wang Fang doesn't get much money, but she loves working there. She teaches Grade 7 students Chinese. She loves her work and students. She enjoys teaching her students and playing with them. She eats and lives with them, too.“They are like(像) my younger sisters and brothers. Teaching them is like sharinglove,”she says.
Wang Fang has a wish(愿望).“I want to help children learn to be good people. I hope every child can live a happy life.”
十二、实践演练（3）
Wang Fang and her work (1) ________ 25
Working place A (2) ________ Middle School
Life She (3) ________ to the school.
She teaches (4) ________ at school.
She eats, plays and (5) ________ with her students.
Her thoughts(想法) about her (6)_______ The children are like her younger sisters and (7) ______ .
Teaching the children is like sharing (8) ________ .
Her (9) _____ The children can be good people and live (10) _______ .
Age
Hope
walks
Chinese
lives
students
brothers
love
wish
happily
注：live a happpy life=live happily
十二、实践演练（4）
We live in the “computer age”. People like scientists, teachers, writers and students use computers to do all kinds of work. But more than 30 years ago, computers did not do much. They were very big and expensive.(1) Very few people were interested in them or knew how to use them. (2) Today computers are s and c . (3)由于它们能做很多工作，许多人喜欢用它们。Some people even have them at home.
Computers become very important because (4)它们能比人工作速度快，而且出的错更少。Computers can help people do a lot of work. Writers now use computers to write. Teachers use them to help teaching. Students use them to study and children use them to play puters are very useful and helpful.
They are our good friends. Do you want to
have a computer
十二、实践演练（4）
1.请将(1)句译成中文。
____________________________________________
2.请根据上下文和首字母在(2)句处填入适当的单词，使句意完整。
____________________________________________
3. 请将(3)句译成英文。
____________________________________________
4.请将(4)句译成英文。
____________________________________________
5. Do you think computers are useful and helpful Why
____________________________________________
Yes, I do. Because they can do a lot of work for me./No, I don't.
Because they may make me lazier.(答案可以根据具体情况随机回答.)
很少有人对他们感兴趣或知道如何使用他们。
smaller;cheaper
Because they can do a lot of work,many people like using them.
they can work faster than men and make fewer mistakes
十三、 得分低的原因
考生对“任务型阅读”试题普遍感到难度较大，答题缺乏自信，主要存在以下四方面原因：
1.缺乏自信，对”任务型阅读”抱着半蒙半猜的答题态度。答案正确率不高。
2.浮躁焦虑，遇到较长的、生词量多的文章，学生不能沉着冷静地细读文章，答题随意性较大。
3.畏惧长句，遇到复合句，学生缺乏分析理解长、难句句型结构的能力，导致他们不能快速、准确地捕捉文本信息。
4.不善整体理解，不熟悉各种文体的篇章布局，缺乏归纳概括标题(主题)和段意的能力。
十四、解题建议
1.对所提供的文章中关键信息的正确判断、梳理和采纳、正确把握词义。注意用一个单词准确概括，该词要具有概括性(在最人程度上覆盖栏内信息)针对性（不能太大也不能太小）、醒目性（注意措辞）。这类考题基本体现在总结、归纳题上。
2.适当的句型转换 好多时候的大部分试题都是一些基本的句型转换。
3.正确地使用英英解释 也是一大关键。
4.原文细节信息的正确理解
5.根据英语和汉语的习惯搭配
6.词性的一致 在该空的前后细看，应当分清楚需填什么词性；已知该空的汉语意思了，就要考虑其对应的英语单词，且该词的词性是动词、名词、形容词、还是副词；该空要求填写的是什么成分，是主谓宾，还是定状补，介词连词是否合适等。
7.词形的正确使用
(1)名词的性、数、格。
(2)动词的过去分词和过去式，是谓语还是非谓语要看清。若是谓语，要注意其时态、语态、动词的第三人称单数；如是非谓语，就要根据其语法功能考虑用什么形式。
(3)形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级。
8.解题时要全面考虑图表内容 动词词组还是介词词组，常用句型亦或特殊句型，要考虑固定搭配、时态、语态、虚拟语气、动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词、动名词还是各种从句，表格中句子结构前后对应的是不定式，还是动词-ing。
9.书写答案时，切记注意语言规范和书写工整 例如字母的大小写问题等。
十四、解题建议
根据阅读理解测试的要求，针对各个不同考查内容的考查题型，给出如下解题建议:
此类题型的问题以what、who、which、when、where、how或者why等词引导，就文中某句、某段或某一具体细节进行提问并要求考生回答。
做好这类题的要领是:
1.明确题意，顺藤摸瓜。
2.按照要求，寻找答案来源。
3.找准关键词，明白其暗示作用。
4.多读课文，正确使用排除法。
事实询问题
十四、解题建议
根据阅读理解测试的要求，针对各个不同考查内容的考查题型，给出如下解题建议:
推理判断题
既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。这类试题常以如下句式发问:
What can you conclude from this passage
What's the auther's attitude towards...
We can infer from the passage that ...
Which statement is (not) true
这就要求考生首先在阅读时，要抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章结构，根据上下文内在联系，挖掘文章的深层含义。
其次，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件中的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。
十四、解题建议
根据阅读理解测试的要求，针对各个不同考查内容的考查题型，给出如下解题建议:
数据推算题
此题要求学生就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。在做此类题时:
1.要抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息含义。
2.弄清众多信息中哪些属于有用信息，哪些属于干扰信息。
3.不要孤立看待数字信息，而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。
十四、解题建议
根据阅读理解测试的要求，针对各个不同考查内容的考查题型，给出如下解题建议:
识图解意题
此类插图题型是通过图解、地图或插图的形式，形象化地表现信息，用以降低试题的难度，是短文和题目不可缺少的组成部分。在做此类题时，要求学生一定要:
1.把文章与图示结合起来，图文互相参照、互相验证。
2.若是地图，则要做到方位明确。
3.要正确理解文中方位介词及有关信息词的重要意义。
主旨大意题
此类题型用以考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。一类题型为主题问题。如: What is the main idea of this passage
What does the passage maily talk about
What does the writer want to tell us
另一类为标题问题。
如:Which tittle is the best tittle of this article
寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。因此，在做题时，要注意每段的主题句(往往为第一句)。英文叫"Topic Sentence"，它一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意，抓住主题句，就不难确定文章的最佳标题。
十四、解题建议
根据阅读理解测试的要求，针对各个不同考查内容的考查题型，给出如下解题建议:
经验常识题
此类题主要是考查中学生应有的多项综合知识，包括:社会知识、天文知识、史地知识、科普知识及对生活常识的主观掌握程度。此类题往往与文章没有直接关系，学生只能凭自己的常识进行判断，然后做出正确、符合这些规律的选择。
十五、家庭作业(1)
Hello, everyone! Let me tell you something about my family. There are four people in my family-Myparents, my brother and I. My father, Andy, is 37 and he is a doctor in a hospital. He has short hair. He is big and strong. He likes swimming. He swims best in the swimming team. My mother, May, is a teacher. She is short and she wears glasses and a yellow dress. She likes English very much and speaks English very well. She teaches English in Sunshine School. My brother is Jimmy. He is fifteen years old. Jimmy is tall and he has black hair. He is good at playing basketball. He is in the Basketball Club. My name is Rose. I am 12. I'm in Class 3, Grade 7. I'm tall and slim. I like dancing. I go to the dancing lesson every week.
十五、家庭作业(1)
Rose’s ___1___ Name Arrearance(外貌) 2 .
Andy His hair is short. He is big and strong. He likes 3 . He is a very good swimmer.
May She 4 glasses and a yellow 5 . She is good at speaking 6 .
Jimmy He is tall with 7 hair. He likes basketball. He is a 8 of the Basketball Club.
Rose I'm tall and 9 . I like 10 .
十五、家庭作业(Keys)
1.family这是文章的主旨。
2.Hobby/Hobbies这是细节归纳题，本列介绍的都是他的“爱好”。
3.swimming 根据文章中的“He likes swimming”来填写。
4.wears 根据文章中的“She is short and she wears glasses and a yellow dress.”来填写。
5.dress 此题与第四题为同一句。
6.English 根据文章中的句子“She likes English very much and speaks English very well.”来填写。
7.black 根据文章中的句子“Jimmy is tall and has black hair.”来填写。
8.member 文章说“He is in the Basketball Club.”, 这句话的意思就是He is a member of the Basketball Club.
9.slim 根据文章中的句子“I'm tall and slim.”来填写。
10.dancing 根据文章倒数第二句“I like dancing.”来填写。
十五、家庭作业(2)
I'm Tom. My best friend is Jack. We have been friends for 10 years. We were born in 2008. He is as old as I am. His house is near mine. we usually go to school together. We both study at a school in Beijing. Jack is very handsome. He is tall and strong. He has a square face and a small nose. (1)他微笑的眼睛使他看起来很精神。Jack is a clever boy. He's very helpful, too. He likes to help people any time. He has a good sense of humor. He often (2) funny jokes, and makes us (2) . I never feel uncomfortable or unhappy when he is with me. Jack is a true friend. When something worries me, I always go to him. I can tell him anything because he can keep secrets. We like to chat with each other because we always have the same idea. (3) We often chat on the way to school, under the tree, over the telephone or on the Internet. We both like traveling best. We go to different places for our holidays every year. We both hope to be best friends forever.
(2022浙江北大附属嘉兴实验中学月考)
十五、家庭作业(2)
1.将(1)句译为英语。
_________________________________
2.在横线(2)处填上适当的词。
_________________________________
3.将(3)句译为汉语。
_________________________________
4.Why does the writer like to chat with Jack
_________________________________
5.What do you think of Tom and Jack
_________________________________
(2022浙江北大附属嘉兴实验中学月考)
His smiling eyes make him look very smart.
tells;laugh/happy
我们经常在去上学的路上,在树下,在电话里或在网上聊天。
Because they always have the same idea.
They are best friends.
十五、家庭作业(2)
(2022浙江北大附属嘉兴实验中学月考)
1.His smiling eyes make him look very smart.
2.tells;laugh/happy
3.我们经常在去上学的路上，在树下，在电话里或在网上聊天。
4.Because they always have the same idea.
5.They are best friends.
Keys:
十六、结束语
“任务型阅读”全面考查学生综合运用语言的能力，体现了“用英语获取信息、处理信息，分析和解决问题的能力”这一理念，在一定程度上反映了中考改革的趋势和走向。但只要我们在平时的训练中夯实基础，注重技巧、训练到位，整体阅读水平的提高也就水到渠成，任务型阅读题也就迎刃而解了。
Thank you!