(共23张PPT)
【核心知识:主谓一致】
1. 表解主谓一致
(3)主谓一致的三个原则
①语法一致
谓语动词与主语在语法形式上保持一致,即主语是单数形式,动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,动词用复数形式。
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②意义一致
谓语动词的数取决于主语所表示的意义,而不是其语法形式。
③就近原则
指句子的谓语动词同最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
情况 例句
主语是单数名词,则谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数名词,则谓语动词也用复数形式 Our age is called Information age. 我们的时代被称作信息时代。
Most people are not happy with the idea. 大多数人不赞同这个观点。
Bushwalking, fishing, horse riding, tennis, golf and sailing are all popular. 丛林徒步旅行、钓鱼、骑马、网球运动、高尔夫球运动和帆船运动都很受欢迎。
动名词短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式 Giving up using the Net is the best decision I’ve ever made. 放弃使用因特网是我所做的最好的决定。
不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式 To answer that question is not easy. 回答那个问题不容易。
①语法一致。
情况 例句
主语从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式,但若表语是复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式;若what引导的主语从句是一个含有复数意义的并列结构,那么主句的谓语动词可以用单数形式,也可以用复数形式 What he said is very helpful to us all. 他所说的对我们大家很有帮助。
What I bought were two bikes. 我买的是两辆自行车。
What he says and does is / are not strange. 他的言行不奇怪。
两个或多个动名词短语、不定式短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;但两个或多个动名词是指一件事时,谓语动词仍用单数形式 Chatting online and playing computer games are really interesting. 网上聊天和玩电子游戏确实有趣。
Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. 早睡早起是个好习惯。
情况 例句
由连词and或both…and连接的主语,其谓语动词用复数形式;但若所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时,谓语动词就用单数形式 Joan and Lily are twins. 琼与莉莉是孪生姐妹。
Bread and milk is healthy food. 面包牛奶是健康食品。
Fish and chips is popular with children. 炸鱼土豆片很受孩子喜爱。
The poet and writer is coming to our school tomorrow. 那位诗人兼作家明天要来我们学校。
情况 例句
由and 连接的并列单数主语前如果有no, each, every, more than a / an / one或many a / an修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式 All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只学习不玩耍,聪明孩子也变傻。
Each boy and each girl has a beautiful dream. 每个男孩和女孩都有美好的梦想。
Many a boy and many a girl likes chatting online. 许多男孩女孩都喜欢在线聊天。
情况 例句
either, neither, each, every后接单数名词和由some, any, every, no构成的复合不定代词,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词”作主语时,其谓语动词用单数形式或复数形式均可 Each of us has a new computer. 我们每一个人都有一台新电脑。
Everyone was calm. 每个人都很镇定。
Everything around us is matter. 我们周围一切东西都是物质。
Neither of the texts is / are interesting. 这两篇课文都缺少趣味性。
情况 例句
若none of 后面的名词是不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式;若它后面的名词是复数,谓语动词用单数形式或复数形式均可 None of the sugar was left. 没有糖剩下。
None of us has / have been to Africa. 我们中没有人去过非洲。
主语后面跟有介词短语或插入语,如with, together with, along with, as well as, besides, like, but, except, including, in addition to, such as等,谓语动词的人称和数与前面的主语一致 Healthy eating, along with exercise, is the only way to become fit. 健康的饮食加上经常锻炼是保持健康的唯一途径。
Pronunciation, as well as grammar and vocabulary, changes very quickly from one area to another. 发音与语法和词汇一样,在各个不同的地方都变化很快。
情况 例句
在定语从句里,关系代词that, who, which 等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与先行词一致 Those who lose hope lose all. 失去希望的人就失去了一切。
She is one of the persons who know that strange language. 她是懂那门奇怪语言的人之一。
She is the only one (of the persons) who knows that strange language. 她是唯一一个懂那门奇怪语言的人。
在强调句型中应与被强调部分一致 It is they who are going for an outing this weekend. 是他们打算这个周末去郊游。
It is I who am to blame. 该受责备的人是我。
情况 例句
由“a lot of / lots of / plenty of / the rest of / the majority of+名词”构成的短语,以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词的数要与短语中后面名词的数一致 A lot of computers are needed in schools. 学校里需要大量的电脑。
Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is covered by water. 地球表面四分之三被水覆盖。
More than 50 percent of all homes in the U.S. keep one or two small animals as pets. 美国有50%以上的家庭都会养一两个宠物。
For example, 80% of e-mails on the Internet are in English. 例如,因特网上80%的电子邮件用的是英语。
情况 例句
“a large / small quantity of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词与of后的名词一致;但“quantities of +名词”作主语时,谓语动词一律用复数形式 There is a small quantity of water left in the bottle.瓶子里还剩下少量的水。
There are only a small quantity of flowers left in the garden. 花园里只剩下少量的花了。
Large quantities of fuel are used by modern industry. 现代工业使用大量的燃料。
“a number of +复数名词”意为“许多”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;但“the number of +复数名词”意为“……的数量,”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式 A number of foreigners are working in China. 许多外国人在中国工作。
The number of foreign visitors to China each year is increasing. 每年来中国的外国游客都在增加。
情况 例句
主语是glasses, shorts, shoes, gloves, scissors, trousers等复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式;若其前有“pair / kind / type …+of”,谓语动词的数与pair, kind, type等的数一致 The trousers are all right. Now please try on the shirt. 裤子很合身。现在请试穿衬衫。
A pair of shoes is lying under the bed. 床底下放着一双鞋子。
Thousands of pairs of glasses are produced in this factory each year. 这个厂每年生产成千上万副眼镜。
在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致 There goes the bell. 铃响了。
On the wall are many photos. 墙上有很多照片。
Such is the case. 情况就是这样。
Such are the facts. 这些就是事实。
Now comes your turn. 现在轮到你了。
Between the two hills lies a village. 两座小山之间坐落着一个村庄。
情况 例句
如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数形式; 如果它指组成集体的各个成员,其谓语动词用复数形式 Who is the audience for your ad campaign 谁是你广告宣传活动的受众?
Our group are all going to visit the chimps in the forest. 我们一行人都准备去看看森林里的黑猩猩。
The government has also invested money in cleaning the river. 政府也已经投资净化河水。
②意义一致。
情况 例句
what, who, which, any, more, all 等代词可用作单数,也可用作复数, 主要靠意思来决定 Who likes / like playing computer games 谁喜欢玩电脑游戏?
What is / are on the table 桌子上有什么?
Which is / are your favourite book / books 你最喜爱的书是哪一本/哪几本?
All is going well. 一切进展顺利。
All have gone swimming. 所有人都去游泳了。
表示时间、重量、长度、价值等的名词的复数作主语时,其概念是一个整体,谓语动词通常用单数形式
Ten pounds is enough. 10英镑就够了。
Twenty years isn’t a long time. 20年的时间不长。
情况 例句
若主语是书名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等,其谓语动词通常用单数形式 The United States is a developed country. 美国是个发达国家。
The Arabian Nights is an interesting storybook. 《天方夜谭》是一本有趣的故事书。
主语是deer, fish, sheep, means, works, Chinese, Japanese等词时,要视其意义来确定谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式 The Chinese are the friendliest people I have ever met. 中国人是我所见过的最友好的人民。
Some fish attract other fish with a light on their body and then eat them! 有些鱼用身上的光吸引其他的鱼,然后吃掉它们!
These art works are not all displayed at the same time. 这些艺术品并不是同时展出的。
The steel works lies in the east of the town. 这家钢铁厂位于城东。
“one and a half+复数名词”作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式 One and a half days is all I can spare. 我只能抽出一天半的时间来。
情况 例句
一些以-ics或-s结尾的学科名词,如mathematics, politics, physics ,maths等,以及news 等形式上是复数,实际意义为单数,故谓语动词用单数形式 Do you think physics is difficult to learn 你认为物理学难学吗?
Maths is one of the most important courses in middle schools. 数学是中学里最重要的课程之一。
“定冠词the+形容词或分词”表示某一类人时,谓语动词用复数形式;表示某一类东西时,谓语动词用单数形式 The rich are not always happier than the poor. 富人不一定总比穷人快乐。
The beautiful gives pleasure to all. 美好的事物给予所有人快乐。
情况 例句
当两个主语由not … but … , either … or, neither … nor, not only … but also, whether … or 连接时,谓语动词的数和邻近的主语保持一致 Either you or I am wrong. 不是你错,就是我错。
Neither you nor he is right. 你和他都不对。
Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 你或者选派一个你的学生去参加明天的会议。
there be 句型中系动词be的单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and 连接的两个或几个主语时,则系动词be的数应与最近的主语保持一致 There’s also a lovely café and some restaurants there. 那里也有一家很好的咖啡馆,还有一些餐馆。
There were two armchairs and an electric kettle in the room. 房间里有两把扶手椅和一个电水壶。
③就近原则。
(3)主谓一致
主谓一致的意思是谓语动词要和主语在单
复数形式上保持一致。一般情况下,若主语为
单数形式或单数意义,谓语动词就用单数形式;
若主语为复数形式或复数意义,谓语动词就用
复数形式。同时要注意部分集合名词和复数意
义的名词。
2. 主谓一致的核心知识
【例 1】
The police were called in. 警察被召来了。
【例 2】
The injured were taken to hospital. 受伤的人都被送进了医院。?
【例 3】
Neither you nor I am a stranger here. 你和我都不是刚来这里的。?
【例 4】
The students are having an English lesson. 那些学生在上英语课。
关于主谓一致,我们只需记住三个原则:语法一致、
意义一致和就近原则。
【真题改编】
根据句意, 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。?
(1)He is the only one of the pupils who ________ (be) a winner of
scholarship for three years.
【解析】is。因one of the pupils前有the only,先行词表示单数意义,
故定语从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。one of the pupils前若无the
only,则先行词是pupils(学生),谓语动词就用复数形式。本句意
为“他正是那个连获三年奖学金的学生”。
(2)Either you or the headmaster ________ (be) to hand out the
prizes to those gifted students.
【解析】is。either … or …并列两个主语时,谓语动词的数要采用
“就近原则”,故填is。
is
is
【真题改编】
(3)Not only the driver but also five of the passengers __________ (kill) in
that accident.
【解析】were killed。not only … but also …并列两个主语时,谓语动词的
数要采用“就近原则”,且主语与谓语是被动关系,因此要用被动语态,
故填were killed。?
(4)Both New York and London ________ have traffic problems.
【解析】have。由both … and连接的并列成分作主语,其谓语总是用复数。
were killed
have
Thanks!