2023高考英语二轮复习语法专题——主谓一致课件（19张PPT）

(共19张PPT)
“主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、词性、数量上保持一致，即主语是复数，谓语也用复数形式，主语是单数，谓语要用单数形式。
在具体处理一致关系时可遵循以下原则:
意义一致、就近一致。
意义一致的原则
（一）谓语动词为单数的情况
1. 由and 连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，或同一身份。
e.g. The worker and writer is from Wuhan. (那个工人兼作家…)
(比较：The worker and the writer are from Beijing. 那位工人 和那位作家)
2. Every … and…/ each …and…/ no …and/ many a …and…
连接两个单数名词作主语。
e.g. Every desk and chair is made of wood.
Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake.
3. one/every one /each/either/ the number +of +复数名词作主语。
e.g. Each of the students has a book.
4.集合名词作主语，谓语用单数的:clothing, furniture, traffic, jewellery, baggage, equipment, luggage, machinery, cutlery 等
e.g. Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area.
5. 一些以 s 结尾的词，表示学科、国家等名称作主语。
（maths, physics, economics, politics…）
e.g. Maths is one of my favourite subjects.
6. 表示时间、距离、金钱等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时。
e.g. Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown.
7. 非谓语动词(短语)、从句作主语，表示抽象概念时。
e.g. Collecting stamps is what he likes.
Where we will go has not been decided.
（二）谓语动词为复数的情况
1. 由and 连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。
e.g. Both apples and watermelons are sold out.
2.一些集体名词作主语，谓语必须用复数的，如 people , police, cattle, public 。
e.g. The police are looking for the missing child.
3. A (large) number of /quantities of /a group of +名词作主语。
A number of students are reading books in the classroom.
p.s. a number of :若干，许多 谓语动词用复数
the number of： …的数量 谓语动词用单数
（三）谓语动词单、复数视情况而定
集体名词 class, family, army, team, club, population, enemy, party, crowd, crew, audience, public , government, majority, group, committee, community, data, staff 等
作主语:
强调整体用单数，指单个成员用复数。
e.g. His family is a great one.
His family are music lovers.
.
2. a kind of, a sort of, a portion of, a pair of, a type of +名词
作主语，谓语动词用单数。
e.g. The kind of paper is made of recycled newspaper.
A large portion of the products has been shipped abroad.
3. all, none, some, any, most 等不定代词作主语，谓语单复数根据其指代的内容而定。
All (the people) are present .
All (the food) tastes good.
4. half / most / enough / part / the rest / the last / lots / plenty /
或分数、百分数 + of + 名词作主语:
谓语动词要和 of 之后的名词单复数保持一致。
Two thirds of the students are girls in our class.
Two thirds of building was painted.
？谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致
We Chinese ____ a hard-working nation．
A．is B．are C．is being D．are being
此题应选B。这里应注意的是：我们通常说的是主谓一致（即谓语与主语保持一致），而不是表谓一致（即不是谓语与表语一致），本题意为：我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。
注意以下类似例子：
These two dictionaries are a present for my best friend Jim．
The planets were the object of his study．
The most important thing I need is books．
．
集合名词作主语，谓语的数如何确定
1．The population in China__very large, and 80% of the population ___ farmers.
A. are, is B. is, is C. is, are D. are, are
此题应选C。population是一个集合名词，具有单数(侧重指整体)和复数(侧重指个体)两种可能。类似这种用法的词主要的有：
class, family, army, team, club, population, enemy, party, crowd, crew, audience, public , government, majority, group, committee, community, data, staff
就近原则
由or , either …or, neither…nor, not only…but also 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常和与之靠近的主语在单复数上保持一致。
e.g. Not only he but also I am invited.
Neither my gloves nor my hat goes with the dress.
下列结构的谓语应与哪个主语保持一致？
A library with five thousand books ____ to the nation as a gift．
A．is offered B．has offered
C．are offered D．have offered
若主语跟有with, like, but, except, besides, including, together with, along with, as well as, more than, no less than, rather than等连接的名词作为限定语，其谓语要与前面一个主语保持一致。
主语中心语
限定语
1．One or two days ____ enough to see the city．
A．is B．are
C．am D．be
2．Neither my wife nor I myself ____ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind．
A．is B．are
C．am D．be
3．Not only I but also Jane and Mary ____ tired of having one examination after another．
A．is B．are
C．am D．be
4．Nobody but Betty and Mary ____ late for class yesterday．
A．was B．were
C．has been D．have been
5．The teacher as well as the students ____ the book already．
A．has read B．have read
C．are reading D．is reading
6．All but one ____ in the accident．
A．was killed B．were killed
C．will be killed D．are killed
考点：
One of+复数名词+who / that / which引导的关系从句，关系代词所指代的先行词是靠近关系代词的复数名词而不是one,因此从句的谓语要用复数。
e.g. Pat was one of the few people who have trouble in sleeping well.
但如果one前面有the only 修饰时，定语从句谓语动词用
单数。
e.g. She is the only one of her family who has trouble in sleeping well.
主谓一致精练与解析
1.More than one person here ____ with the disease.
A. has been infected B. have been infected
C. has been infecting D. have been infecting
●
由more than one / many a 修饰单数名词作主语时，意义上为复数，但谓语动词要用单数
2. One or perhaps more pages _____ missing.
A. is B. are C. has been D. have been
●
由 or 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与靠近它的
主语一致。
3.An expert, together with some assistants, ____ to help in this
work.
A. was sent B. were sent C. is sending D. are sending
●
由 with，together with，along with，rather than，no less than ，but， besides，except等连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与前一个相一致。
4.The police ____ the black in winter.
A. wears B. wear C. put on D. puts on
●
英语中，一些表示总称意义的名词，如：police，people，cattle等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
5.The number of students that you have met ____ the life of the team.
A. are B. is C. were D. be
●
the number of＋复数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。a number
of＋复数名词作主语时，谓语用复数。
6. To get up early and to go to sleep early ____ good for your health.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
●
由and连接两个名词，包括两个不定式、两个动名词作主语，若指同一件事或一个概念事，谓语动词用单数形式。
7. More students than one _______.
A. were punished B. is punished
C. was punished D. will punish
●
More ＋复数名词 ＋than one ＋和 more than one ＋单数名词的意义相同，均表示“不只一个”，但前者用作复数，后者用作单数。
8. What they need _____ more people.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
●
名词从句作主语时，通常表示单数概念，谓语动词常用单数，
但所指内容是复数意义时，谓语动词用复数。本句从表语more people 可以得知主语what we need指复数内容。
历年真题
1. Neither Mary nor her sister ____ to the party.
A. go B. are going C. have gone D. is going
答案：D
2.There ____some mistakes in your composition.
A. have B. has C. seems to be D. seem to be
答案：D
3. The father writes in his will that every son and daughter ___a share of his property.
A. has B. to have C. having D. have
答案：A
4. Why don’t you bring ___ his attention that you’re too ill to go on working
A. that to B. this on C. it to D. one as
答案：C
5. Some people consider ___ cruel to use animals for experiment.
A. that it B. it C. it be D. it being
答案：B