课件40张PPT。一、被动语态的构成
英语中的语态分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，而被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。被动语态的基本构成是”be＋过去分词”。 Module 1 Europe Period Four Grammar：Passive voice：present and past forms & Subject and verb agreement 课件（外研版必修3，课标通用）Ⅰ.一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态二、使用被动语态的情况
1．动作的承受者是谈话的中心，强调或突出动作的承受者
时。
Li Ming was elected chairman of the meeting.
李明被选为会议的主席。
2．只知道动作的承受者或没有必要说出动作的执行者时。
Paper was first made in China.纸最早是在中国制造的。 一般现在时的被动语态的基本结构是：动作的承受者＋is/ am/are＋过去分词(＋by＋动作的执行者)。
I am often told to be careful by my mother.妈妈经常告诉我要小心。
一般过去时的被动语态的基本结构是：动作的承受者＋ was/were＋过去分词(＋by＋动作的执行者)。
The boy was hit by a car yesterday.
这个男孩昨天被车撞了。
The chairs were repaired yesterday morning.
这些椅子昨天上午修过了。1． 2． 三、一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态不用被动语态的情况
某些实义动词(sell，wash，write，wear等)的主动形式后跟副词(well，badly，easily等)表示被动意义，这种“动词＋副词”结构常表示事物内部特有的属性。
The book sells well.这本书销路好。
The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly.作为生日礼物，父亲给我的钢笔写起来很流畅。1． 四、 对系动词而言，如feel，taste，sound，become，seem等，一般用其主动形式表示被动意义。
这种食品尝起来美味可口。
[正]The food tastes delicious.
[误]The food is tasted delicious.
表示状态的动词，如；lack，fit，mean，hold，have，contain，resemble等，不用于被动语态。
简长得像莉莲。
[正]Jane resembles Lilian.
[误]Lilian is resembled by Jane.2． 3． 不及物动词或不及物动词短语，如die，disappear，end(vi.结束), fail, happen, lie, sit, break out, come true, fall asleep，keep silence，take place等没有被动语态。
The war broke out in 1986.那场战争爆发于1986年。 4． —What do you think of store shopping in future?
—Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but________.
A．will never replace B．would never replace
C．will never be replaced D．would never be replaced
解析 考查时态和语态。答话人认为商店购物将与家庭购物并存，但是永远不会被取代。it与replace之间是被动关系，再结合本句的时态will exist可知，此处应用一般将来时的被动语态。
答案 C【单项填空】1. In the near future, more advances in the robot technology________by scientists.
A．are making B．are made
C．will make D．will be made
解析 考查时态和语态。根据时间状语in the near future可知，此处应用将来时态。make和more advances之间存在动宾关系，故用被动语态。句意：在不久的将来，在机器人技术方面科学家会取得更大的进展。
答案 D2． Ⅱ.主谓一致
主谓一致指的是句子的谓语动词与其主语在数上保持一致。英语中的主谓一致主要遵循三个原则：意义一致原则，语法一致原则和就近原则。这三个原则常常发生矛盾，但当发生冲突时，意义一致原则优先考虑。
意义一致：指谓语动词的变化根据主语所表达的单、复数概念而定。
语法一致：指从语法形式取得一致，即主语是单数，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词也用复数形式。
就近原则：指谓语动词的变化是以靠近谓语动词的主语部分而定。
意义一致
有些集合名词如family，team，class，committee，government等作主语时，若视为整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若视为个体，谓语动词则用复数形式。
My family lives in Shandong.我的家在山东。
My family are watching TV.我们一家人在看电视。
单个从句、不定式、动名词(短语)等作主语时，谓语用单数，多个则用复数。
When and where to hold the meeting has not been decided yet.什么时间什么地方举行这次会议还没有决定下来。一、 1． 2． 学科类名词、抽象名词、物质名词、专有名词、游戏、运动类的名词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数。
Physics is considered difficult by most of students.
许多学生认为物理很难。
Water is important to us so the United States has launched campaigns to save water.水对我们是很重要的，所以美国发起了节约用水的运动。3． 表示“总量”或“总和”的时间、距离、金钱、重量、容量等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
Three months has passed since I came to the school.
自从我来到这所学校，三个月已经过去了。
当一个冠词后面跟两个名词，这两个名词指同一人/物，或强调一套/副时，谓语用单数。
The professor and writer is invited to many universities to give speeches.这位教授兼作家被邀请到很多大学作报告。
A knife and fork has been laid on the table.
一副刀叉已摆在桌子上。4． 5． people(人们)，police(警察)，cattle(牛)，crew(全体船员)，staff(全体职员)等集合名词作主语时，表示复数概念，谓语动词用复数。
The police are searching for the lost child.
警察正在找丢失的孩子。
“the＋形容词/过去分词”表示一类人。作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The old are well taken care of in our city.
老年人在我们城市被照顾得很好。
The injured have been taken to the nearest hospital.
受伤的人们已被送到了最近的医院。6． 7． 语法一致
当each，either，neither作主语时，谓语用单数。
Each has his advantages.每个人都有优点。
Either is good for me.任何一个对我都有用。
注意：当each/every修饰名词作主语或each/every ＋n. and each/every＋n.作主语时，谓语动词用单数。二、 1． 主语后接with，together with，as well as, but等短语时，谓语形式与主语一致。
The child together with his parents is having lunch.孩子与父母正在吃午饭。
trousers，shoes，glasses等作主语时，谓语动词用复数，但这些词前面若有a pair of，谓语动词用单数。
The shoes are out of date.这些鞋子过时了。
This pair of shoes is out of date. 这双鞋子过时了。2． 3． 三、就近原则
there be，neither...nor...，either...or...；not only...but also...，not...but...，whether...or.或or连接并列主语时，谓语动词要用就近原则。
Neither you nor he was allowed to go out at night.
不允许你和他晚上出去。
Is either she or you going to Beijing?
或者她或者你要去北京吗？ 【注意】 “many a＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词也要用单数形式，虽然“many a＋单数名词”表示“许多”。
One-third of the country________covered with trees and the majority of the citizens________black people.
A．is；are B．is；is
C．are；are D．are；is
解析 考查主谓一致。在第一空中，One-third of the country指“一个国家的三分之一”，后面的谓语动词应用单数形式。在第二空中，the majority后面的citizens为复数意义，故谓语动词用复数形式。句意：这个国家的三分之一被树覆盖，而且大多数公民是黑人。
答案 A3． 【单项填空】The fact that so many people still smoke in public place________that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.
A．suggest B．suggests
C．suggested D．suggesting
解析 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：目前许多人仍然在公共场所吸烟的这一事实表明我们需要开展一场全国范围的运动来提高人们对吸烟的危险性的认识。根据句意可知应使用一般现在时；本句的主语是the fact，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数，选B项。
答案 B 4．
一批准备在中国投资的外宾正在参观我市，假如你是接待员，请口头简要介绍一下我市的情况。介绍一个地方【写作任务】【写作要求】
词数：120左右。
参考词汇：投资invest
【写作分析】
第一步：认真审题
1．介绍某一地方就是对该地区的大致状况进行描述，向人们展示该地区的地貌特征、风土人情、历史文化等。写此类文章应注意以下几点：
(1) 一般应包括该地区的位置、面积、人口、历史、气候、特产等。但是一定要抓住该地区的主要特色，这样才能给读者留下深刻的印象。 (2) 要遵循一定的写作顺序。描述该地区的位置时，首先找好中心点，再由近及远，也可以先总体后局部，或按照一定时间或空间来写。
2．此类文章常用一般现在时。
3．口头介绍类的文章一般都口语化比较明显，而且要有称呼和开头语、结束语。写作时要把题目要求和表格内容相结合，不要遗漏要点。连句成文需注意过渡衔接词的运用以使行文连贯。
第一步：认真审题
介绍某一地方就是对该地区的大致状况进行描述，向人们展示该地区的地貌特征、风土人情、历史文化等。写此类文章应注意以下几点：
(1) 一般应包括该地区的位置、面积、人口、历史、气候、特产等。但是一定要抓住该地区的主要特色，这样才能给读者留下深刻的印象。
(2) 要遵循一定的写作顺序。描述该地区的位置时，首先找好中心点，再由近及远，也可以先总体后局部，或按照一定时间或空间来写。1． 【写作分析】第二步：提炼要点
1. welcome to our city
2. introduce...to sb
3. have a long history
4. develop rapidly
5. an agreeable climate
6. be convenient in traffic
7. have abundant supply of natural resources
8. support and favor foreign investors.
9．expect you to invest Welcome to our city! I am greatly honored to be here with you.
Now let me introduce our city to you. Our city is the capital of our province, which has a long history.
It has been developing very rapidly, especially in the last two decades.
Our city is very beautiful and we enjoy an agreeable climate.1． 2． 3． 4． 第三步：扩点成句 From here you can travel to anywhere in our country, and even all over the world by land, by river or by air.
We have abundant supply of natural resources, and plenty of energy.
Our city support and favour foreign investors in many aspects.
We expect you to invest and pursue your careers in our city.5． 6． 7． 8． Ladies and gentlemen，
Welcome to our city! I am greatly honored to be here with you. Now let me introduce our city to you. Our city is the capital of our province, which has a long history. It has been developing very rapidly, especially in the last two decades. Our city is very beautiful and we enjoy an agreeable climate. From here you can travel to anywhere in our country, and even all over the world by land, by river or by air.We have abundant supply of natural resources, and plenty of energy. 【参考范文】 The public order is very satisfactory. Besides, both the central government of our country and our city support and favour foreign investors in many aspects. What's more, we boast a galaxy of outstanding talent. We expect you to invest and pursue your careers in our city. Thank you very much!
全文结构合理，条理清楚，上下文连贯，介绍的地点清楚明了，符合口头语言特点。
文章运用了较复杂的结构(如which引导的非限制性定语从句等)，这些丰富了文章的表达，显示出作者较强的语言组织和运用能力。
衔接过渡词besides；what's more等的运用使文章过渡自然、连贯。 【亮点展示】1． 2． 3．
常用短语和句式：
表示“位置”的句型：
某地＋is/lies＋地点状语 “某地位于……”
The big city lies on the coast.这个大城市位于海滨。
表示 “人口状况”的句型：
某地＋has a large/small population “某地人口众多/稀少”
某地＋has a population of＋数词 “某地有……人口”
The population of＋地名＋is＋数词 “某地有……人口”1． 2． 【写作模板】 表示“历史背景”的句型：
某地＋has a long history of...years “某地有……年的历史”
某地＋ is a．..place/country with...history “某地是具有……年历史的地方/国家”
表示“风景名胜”的句型：
There are many places of interest，such as...
这儿有许多名胜，比如……
某地＋has many places of interest，among which is...
某地有许多名胜，其中就有……
某地＋is famous/well-known as...某地作为……而闻名 3． 4． 在做确定标题类的题目时，要注意以下三点：
要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑作为标题的这句话或短语与文章是否有密切的联系。
再看它对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何，注意其范围过大还是过小。
要避免下列三种错误：
(1)概括性不够(多表现为部分指代整体，从而导致概括的范围太小)；
(2)过度概括(多表现为人为地扩大概括范围)；
(3)以具体事实、细节指代抽象的文章大意。1．2． 3． 在阅读理解题中，有一类题目是让学生选择文章标题的。标题是用来高度概括文章内容、点明文章主题的。它是文章中心思想的最精炼的表达方式。此类题目的提问形式常为：what is probably/possibly the best title for the passage？文章的标题可以是短语，也可以是句子。如何做好阅读理解之确定标题 标题的特点是：短小精悍，多为一个短语；概括性强，一般要求能覆盖全文的内容，其确定的范围要恰当，既不能太大，也不能太小，好比帽子，太大的话虽能遮挡阳光却遮住了眼腈'太小则发挥不了作用，且风一吹必掉；除了能概括文章的中心主旨外，标题还担负着吸引读者、引发阅读兴趣的任务。
要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑作为标题的这句话或短语与文章是否有密切的联系。
再看它对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何，注意其范围过大还是过小。
要避免下列三种错误：
(1)概括性不够(多表现为部分指代整体，从而导致概括的范围太小)；
(2)过度概括(多表现为人为地扩大概括范围)；
(3)以具体事实、细节指代抽象的文章大意。1． 2． 3． 在做确定标题类的题目时，要注意以下三点：
Most people want to know how things are made. They honestly admit, however, that they hardly know a thing when it comes to understanding how a piece of music is made. Where a composer(作曲家)begins, how he manages to keep going—in fact, how and where he learns his trade—all are covered in complete darkness. The composer，in short，is a man of mystery(神秘)．【典例展示】 One of the first things the common man wants to know about is the part inspiration(灵感)plays in a composer's work. He finds it difficult to believe that composers are not much interested in that question. Writing music is as natural for the composer as eating or sleeping for all. Music is something that the composer happens to have been born for. The composer, therefore, does not say to himself：“Do I feel inspired？”He says to himself：“Do I feel like working today？”And if he feels like working, he does. It is more or less like saying to himself：“Do I feel sleepy？”If you feel sleepy, you go to sleep. If you don't feel sleepy, you stay up. If the composer doesn't feel like working, he doesn't work. It's as simple as that.What would be the best title for the text?
A．Composer：a man of mystery
B．Practice makes good music
C．Relation between sleeping and music
D．Music: product of nature
解析 本文介绍了作曲家创作乐曲的神秘之处，为了把这种神秘的工作形象化，作者运用了比喻的手法，把作曲家是否想作曲比作普通人是否想睡觉。
答案 A 该题是一道给文章加标题的题目。B项的内容在原文中没有提及；C项中的sleeping是作者为了把作曲家作曲这种神秘的工作解释清楚所打的比方，不能成为文章的标题；D项谈的是音乐，与本文谈的音乐家是两回事。从本文第一段的最后一句话就可以看出作者要谈的主题：The composer, in short, is a man of mystery.从第二段的第一句话及第三段的第一句话都可以看出作者是在解释作曲家的神秘工作。故A才是本文的最佳标题。课件52张PPT。Step into Italy
Italy－a romantic country！Land of art，history，great food，warm people，wonderful cities and charming old museums! Now，come on! Let's step into Italy and enjoy its unique scenery.First，let's go to Florence, which has romantic sunsets over the river Arno and many good restaurants.You can even take a carriage ride through the narrow streets of the city.①Moreover, you'd better not miss the Uffizi Palace，which holds many masterpieces，including the Michelangelo's famous Holy Family.
Then we come to Rome, capital of Italy. It's also a city of ancient civilization. The Colos seum is the most famous in Rome. It was built as a stage for gladiator and animal fights. It will remind you of the powerful Roman Empire for a time.The Sistine Chapel is famous for its beautiful frescoes.
②The most remarkable is the ceiling painted by Michelangelo.
Last, we are in Venice, a city of sea. In Venice, a must-see attraction is the 2-mile-long Grand Canal. The best way to enjoy its scenic beauty is to take a boat.Along it, you can see some ancient historic palaces and museums, for example, the Natural History Museum.If you take a boat ride down the Grand Canal，then you reach St. Mark's Square, which is the heart of Venice. It offers so many museums that you could spend your whole day in this area alone.
The best time in Venice is at night. Venice offers a great many outdoor cafes, so you can order a drink and enjoy the beautiful scene under the clear and bright moon.
①李明迟到了，这件事使张先生非常生气。(which引导非限
制性定语从句)
②他是个很受学生爱戴的老师。(过去分词作定语）1．佳句仿写一二三 Li Ming was late, which made Mr. Zhang very angry.He is a teacher loved by his students.翻译佳句，放眼高考
It offers so many museums that you could spend your whole day in this area alone. 2． 这里有如此多的博物馆以至于仅仅就在这一个地区
你就能花费一整天的时间。Module 1 Europe Period One Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary 课件（外研版必修3，课标通用）1．________prep.横过，穿过
2．___________adj.大陆的，大洲的
3．______vt.面对，面向
4．________adj.坐落(某处)的，位于(某处)的Ⅰ.单词识记across continental face situated 5．________n．象征；符号
6．________n．计划；项目；工程
7．___________n．出生地；发源地
8．__________n．文明
9．________adj.古代的symbol project birthplace civilization ancientⅡ.短语天地
1．___________在(离开海岸的)海面上
2．___________在海岸上
3．______________________坐落于……
4．________________被……覆盖
5．_____________因……而著名
6．_______着手做off the coast on the coast be situated(located)in/on be covered with/by be famous for work on句型搜索
Italy is in the south of Europe on the coast the Mediterranean.
[信息提取] A is＋in/to/on＋ the＋方位名词＋ of＋ B
A在B的……方向
[例句仿写] 我们学校在城市南部。
________________________________Ⅲ. 1． Our school is in the south of the city.Between France and Spain is another mountain range—the Pyrenees.
[信息提取] 表示方位的副词或介词短语置于句首时，该句要用全部倒装。
[例句仿写] 墙边有四颗大树。
_____________________________2． Along the wall stand 4 big trees.About two-thirds of France's artists and writers live in Paris. [信息提取] “分数/百分数＋of＋名词”作主语，谓语动词与名词保持一致。
[例句仿写] 百分之六十以上的家庭已拥有电视机。
______________________________________________
Their work has influenced other writers ever since.
[信息提取] ever since “自从，自此”，常与完成时连用。
[例句仿写] 从那以后我再也没有见过我的MP5。
_______________________________________________3． 4． Over sixty per cent of families own a television.I haven’t seen my MP5 ever since.Fast Reading：Scan the text and choose the best answers according to the text.
Which of the following cities is capital one?
A．Venice.
B．Barcelona.
C．Florence.
D．Athens.Ⅳ.预读理解1． (1) Which statement is NOT true?
A．Barcelona is the second largest city of Spain.
B．Madrid is about five hundred kilometers east of the city，Barcelona.
C．Gaudi worked on the project from 1882 until his death in 1926.
D．Barcelona is located on the northeast coast.(2) About Renaissance，which is right?
A．It began in the 1300s.
B．It lasted for four hundred years.
C．All the greatest painters of all time lived and worked in
Florence.
D．Florence is the most famous city in Italy.(3) What is Athens famous for?
A．The capital city.
B．Much civilisation.
C．The birthplace of western civilisation.
D．The more powerful city now.(4) 答案 (1)D (2)B (3)A (4)CCareful Reading：Read the text carefully and fill in the blanks.2． 答案 (1)River Seine (2)one of the most beautiful cities in the world (3)the Renaissance (4)western civilisation (5)The Church of the Sagrada Familia (6)The Uffizi Palaceface
(1)v.面向，面对；面临(困难等)
The house faces to/towards the south.＝The house faces south.这个房子朝南。
He turned and faced her.他转过身来面对着她。
I'd like a room facing the sea. 我想要一间朝海的房间。
We were faced with a new problem.＝A new problem faced us.我们面临新的问题。1． (2)n.脸；面部
If Tom doesn't keep his promise, he'll lose face.
如果汤姆不信守诺言，他就会丢面子。【归纳拓展】
(1)be faced with 面对；面临
face up to 勇敢地面对；承担
(2) face to face 面对面(地)(作状语)
face-to-face 面对面的(作定语)
in (the)face of 面对
make a face 做鬼脸
lose face 丢脸；失面子
面临那么多麻烦，我们没能准时完成任务。
so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.
这所房子面朝南，所以在冬季它能吸收很多阳光来保持温暖。
，the house can take in much sunlight in winter to keep it warm.【完成句子】① ② Faced with Facing south across
(1)prep.横过，穿过；在……对面；与……交叉
We walked across the street. 我们穿过马路。
I saw her from across the lake. 我从湖的对面望见了她。
(2)adv.横越，穿过；交叉地；宽
The river is 20 meters across. 这条河宽20米。
He sat there with his arms across.
他交叉着手臂坐在那儿。 2． 【比较网站】 across/through/over①The students ran the playground into the classroom.
②He jumped the wall.
③They often drive the village. 【选词填空】(across/through/over)across over through range
(1)n.山脉；范围；射程
There is a magnificent range of mountains in the bound-land.在边境地带有一座相连不断的雄伟山脉。
We discussed a very wide range of questions at the meeting. 会上我们讨论了各种各样的问题。
(2)v．在……内变动/变化
The prices of the dolls range from$5 to$100.
那些布娃娃的价格从5美元到100美元不等。3． range from A to B/between A and B 在A和B之间变化
within/out of range 在射程内/外(的)
in the range of 在……范围内；在射程内
out of the range of 在……范围外；在射程外【归纳拓展】 【单项填空】
—Can you shoot that bird at the top of the tree?
—No, it's out of ________.
A．range B．reach
C．control D．distance
解析 句意：——你能射中树梢上的鸟吗？——不能，它在射程之外。out of range在射程外；out of reach够不着；out of control失去控制。
答案 Asituated adj.(建筑物等)坐落在……；位于……；(人)处于……的立场
The school is situated in the heart of the city.
这所学校位于市中心。
My hometown is situated in the south of Shandong Province.我的家乡坐落在山东省南部。4． (1)be situated on/in/at...位于……的，坐落在……的；处于……地位(境遇、立场)的
(2)situation n． 位置；形势，立场，境遇
in a(n)．..situation 处于…状态/ 境遇
(3)situate v． 使位于；使处于【归纳拓展】 【单项填空】
Wuhan, the capital of Hubei Province，________on the Yangtze River, is an important city.
A．situated B．situating
C．being situated D．to be situated
解析 此处situated on the Yangtze River相当于定语从句which is situated on the Yangtze River，作定语修饰Wuhan。
答案 Asymbol n．象征；符号
The dove is the symbol of peace.鸽子是和平的象征。
The sign “÷” is the symbol for division.
“÷”是除法的符号。
We use X as the symbol of an unknown quantity.
我们用X表示一个未知量。
symbol of sth……的象征
symbol for sth……的符号或标志5． 【归纳拓展】 【比较网站】 symbol/sign/mark①Dragons and the Great Wall are both the of China.
②His feet left dirty all over the floor.
③Out in the desert there are hardly any road along the
highway.【选词填空】(symbol/sign/mark)symbols marks signs because of因为，由于
He missed the first bus because of getting up late in the morning.
因为早晨他起来迟了，所以他没有赶上第一班车。
He failed the exam because of his carelessness.
他因为粗心没有通过考试。1． He cried because of the bad news that his father died last night.他哭了，那是因为他父亲昨晚去世了。
I've chosen them because they are beautiful.
因为它们美丽我选择了它们。 【比较网站】 because of/because表示“因为，由于”的短语还有thanks to，due to，owing to，as a result of等。其中due to表示原因时，不置于句首。
This accident was due to/owing to his careless driving.这场车祸是他开车疏忽大意造成的。
Thanks to your advice, much trouble was saved.
多亏你的建议，减少了许多麻烦。 【归纳拓展】 Li Hua came very late not________the train but________she was too tired.
A．because of；because
B．because；because of
C．for；for
D．because；for
解析 because of是介词短语，后跟名词，而because是连词，引导从句。
答案 A【单项填空】be known as作为……而出名/闻名
He is known as a successful architect.
他作为一名成功的建筑师而闻名。
be known/famous as作为……而出名(as后接表示职业、身份等的名词)
be known/famous to为……所了解/熟知(介词to后接人)
be known/famous for因……而著名(介词for表示原因)2． 【归纳拓展】用适当的介词填空
①He is known the police his previous criminal record.
②He is known a fair judge and respected by many people.
③Xiamen is well known its mild weather and beautiful
scenery.to for as for ever since自从……以来；自从；从……起
I have known her ever since then.
从那以后我就认识她了。
He fell ill at Christmas and has been ill ever since.
他在圣诞节生病了，此后就一直不适。
I've never got any letter from him ever since he left.
自从他离开以后，我一直未收到他的信。 3． ever since从……以后；自……以来。表示动作从过去的某一时间为起点，持续到现在，常与现在完成时态连用。可以单独使用，也可以后接名词、从句等。【归纳拓展】 【单项填空】
Mr.Smith has been living a colourful life________he moved to the countryside after his retirement.
A．as if B．now that
C．in case D．ever since
解析 句意：自从退休搬到乡下后，史密斯先生一直过着丰富多彩的生活。ever since“自从……一直”，表示从过去开始到现在的一种状况，常和完成时连用。as if“好像”；now that“由于，既然”；in case“以防，以防万一”，均不符合句意。
答案 DItaly is in the south of Europe on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea.意大利是欧洲南部位于地中海沿岸的一个国家。
本句为方位句型。in the south of表示“在……南部”。on the coast of表示“在……海岸。”其中south为方位名词也可作副词，表示“某物在某个东西的哪个方向”。
In the south of the city lies a factory which makes shoes.该市南边有一个鞋厂。1． 常用的方位句型：
(1)A＋is/lies＋to/on/in＋the＋方位名词＋of＋B，表示A地位于B地的某个方向(to表示A在B境外；on表示A与B两地接壤；in表示A在B境内)
(2)A＋be/lies/be located/be situated＋距离＋to the＋方位名词＋B，表示A地在距离B地多远的地方。
Guangdong lies to the south of Hubei.广东在湖北南边。
Guangdong lies on the south of Hunan.广东在湖南南边。
Guangdong lies in the south of China.广东位于中国南部。
The church is situated one or two miles to the west of the village.教堂位于村庄以西一二英里的地方。 【归纳拓展】 【温馨提醒】
(1)表示方位或方向的名词，如：east，west，south，north，right，left，middle等前面一般都有定冠词the，但这些词放在句首时，句子要用倒装语序，此时方位名词已转化为表示方位的副词，并且其前的冠词连同介词一起省略。
East of our town is a large lake.我们镇的东面有一个大湖。
(2)on还可表示“在……河/湖畔”，后接河流或湖泊。
London lies on the River Thames.伦敦位于泰晤士河畔。用适当的介词完成句子
①China is the east of Asia.
②Mongolia is the north of China.
③Japan is the east of China.in on to ________of the village________two small lakes.
A．The east；lie
B．East；lies
C．The east；lies
D．East；lie
解析 句意：两个小湖位于村庄的东面。方位名词用在句首时，句子要用倒装语序，其前的冠词连同介词一起省略。谓语动词lie和主语two small lakes保持一致，故选D。
答案 D【单项填空】④ Between France and Spain is another mountain range－ the Pyrenees.法国与西班牙之间横亘着另外一条山脉——比利牛斯山脉。
此句是一个完全倒装句。介词短语between France and Spain在句中作表语，another mountain range是主语，the Pyrenees是mountain range的同位语。
In each room are four students.每个房间住四个学生。
On the wall hangs a picture.墙上挂着一幅画。 2．完全倒装结构通常只用于一般现在时态和过去完成时态中，主要有以下情况：
(l)here，there，now，then，thus等副词置于句首时，谓语动词常用be，come，go，lie，run。
There goes the bell.铃响了。
Then came the chairman.然后主席来了。
Here is your letter.你的信在这儿。
(2) down，up，in，out，away等方位副词置于句首，后接不及物动词时，主语放在谓语后面。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.轰炸机下面窜出了一枚导弹。【归纳拓展】 (3)表语(形容词、过去分词)＋连系动词＋主语置于句首时。
Hung on the wall is a picture.墙上挂着一幅画。
(4)当地点状语放在句首时，所在的句子应用完全倒装，即：地点状语＋谓语＋主语＋其他。
Ahead of us is a small river.我们前面是一条小河
【温馨提醒】
上述完全倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词时则不能如此。
Here he comes.他来到了这里。
Away they went.他们走了。。【单项填空】
①In front of the candy shop________.
A．where stood a huge poster
B．did a huge poster appear
C．stood there a huge poster
D．appeared a huge poster
解析 当表示地点的介词短语位于句首时，其后的句子要用全部倒装，故选D。
答案 D②—Is everyone here?
—Not yet...Look, there________the rest of our guests!
A．come B．comes
C．is coming D．are coming
解析 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空处所在句子为倒装句，the rest of our guests作主语，谓语动词要用复数形式；此处叙述的又是现在的事实，所以用一般现在时。
答案 A课件41张PPT。Ⅰ.单词识记
1．________vt.统治，治理
2．______n．头，领导人
3．______________ n．代表；代理人
4．_______n．地区
5．__________n．地理；地理学
6．________n．产品；农产品
7．________n．特征，特点；面貌Module 1 Europe Period Three Cultural Corner 课件（外研版必修3，课标通用）govern head representative region geography produce featureⅡ.短语天地
1．________________提到；参考
2．________________在……方面；就……而言
3．________________把……与……相比较
4．________________把……比作……
5．on the other hand__________
6．have control over________________
7．little by little________________
8．belong to______refer to in terms of compare A with B compare... to... 另一方面 对……有控制权 慢慢地；渐渐地 属于句型搜索
But each of them sends representatives to the European Parliament，which has some control over what happens in each of the member countries.
[信息提取] what happens...countries是what引导的名词性从句，作介词over的宾语从句
[例句仿写] 那个男孩子做的事情让老师很生气。
____________________________________________________Ⅲ. 1． The teacher got angry because of what the boy had done.The expanded European Union has a population of more than half a billion people，twice as big as the population of the United States.
[信息提取] 倍数句型的结构之一为“倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋ as...”。
[例句仿写] 这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍。
________________________________________2． This book is three times as long as that one. 预读理解
1．From the first paragraph，we know that________.
A．the European Union has a great power over its member
countries
B．King or Queen has higher power over a president
C．if one member country can't handle its own problems，it
can ask the European Union for help
D．the European Union sends representatives to each
member countryⅣ. Which of the following countries isn't one of the first members?
A．Germany. B．France.
C．Denmark. D．Italy.2． From the second and third paragraphs，we can safely conclude that________.
A．the United States doesn't belong to the European Union
B．the European Union is popular among most of the
European countries
C．the European Union will unite the whole Europe
D．each European country is ruled in different ways
答案 1.C 2.C 3.B3． govern v.
(1)统治，管理，治理
It was his turn to govern the school.现在轮到他来管理这个学校了。
(2) 支配；操纵
Don't be governed by what other people say.
不要被别人的话所左右。 1． govern one's temper/feelings 控制自己的脾气/感情
government n．政府；统治
governor n．州长；省长【归纳拓展】 你决不能受别人意见的支配。
You must not be by the opinions of others.
作为一国政府的首脑，一个人有时不得不克制自己的感情。
As a of a state ，one has to his feelings sometimes.【完成句子】① ② governed governor government govern head
(1)n.负责人；领导人
The heads of government are having a meeting. 政府首脑正在开会。
He is head of the sales department.
他是销售部的主管。
(2)v.主管，负责；朝(方向)
Who heads the department？谁主管着这个部门？
Our ship headed south. 我们的船朝南开。
He put on his coat and headed for the door.他穿上大衣向门口走去。 2． 【温馨提醒】
英语中，表示头衔、职位的名称，如head，captain，chairman，president，director，monitor等，在句中作补语、表语或同位语时，其前不能用定冠词。 【单项填空】
Much to our surprise，________chairman of the meeting announced that Jenny had been elected________head of the club.
A．the；the B．/；/
C．the；/ D．/；the
解析 句意：令我们感到非常惊奇的是，会议主席宣布Jenny被推选为俱乐部的主席。chairman指的是人，前面要加冠词；head指人的官衔、职位，前面不加冠词。
答案 Cproduce
(1)n.(农)产品
We have to find the right produce for the market.
我们必须找出适合市场的产品。
Where can we buy fresh farm produce?
我们从哪里能买到新鲜的农产品？
(2)v.生产，制造
We produce all kinds of toys for all age groups.
我们生产适合各年龄段的玩具。 3． 【比较网站】 produce(n.)/product/ production①Companies must have new markets for their .
② of computers has increased double in the last
few weeks.
③I often go to the local market to buy farm such as
fresh fruit and vegetables.【选词填空】(produce/product/production)products Production produce in terms of根据……来说；依照……；就……而言
In terms of population，China is the largest country in the world.从人口方面来说，中国是世界上最大的国家。
In terms of money they're quite rich，but not in terms of happiness they're very poor.
就钱而论，他们很富有；但就快乐而言，他们很贫穷。 1． in the long term从长远观点来看
in the short term就眼前来说
be on good / bad terms with sb与某人关系好/不好【归纳拓展】 【单项填空】
Tom is very young.But________working ability, he's much more experienced than others.
A．in praise of B．in face of
C．in need of D．in terms of
解析 句意：汤姆很年轻，但是在工作能力方面，他要比其他人有经验的多。A项“赞扬”；B项“面对”；C项“需要”；D项“在……方面，就……而言”。
答案 Dcompared with... (＝compared to)与……相比(常在句中作状语)
Compared with/to other boys，he is much taller.
和其他的男孩子相比，他是较高的。
2． compare...with...把……和……相比较
compare...to...把……比作……【归纳拓展】 用compare的适当形式填空
①If you her with her mother，you will find she is
taller.
② her with her mother，you will find she is
taller.
③ her with her mother，and you will find she is
taller.
④ with her mother，she is taller.compare Comparing Compare Compared on the other hand 另一方面；反过来说
I want to go to the party，but on the other hand，I ought to be studying.
我想去参加聚会，但从另一方面来说，我应该留下来学习。
On the one hand I want to sell the house, but on the other hand I can't bear the thought of moving.
一方面我想把房子卖掉．但另一方面我又不愿搬家。3． 【归纳拓展】
on the one hand...on the other hand...一方面……，另一方面……
for one thing...for another...首先……，再者……；一方面……，另一方面……【单项填空】
He is eager to achieve success, but ________， he doesn't want to work too hard.
A．for one thing B．on the other hand
C．on the contrary D．as a result
解析 考查固定短语。for one thing“(其中)原因之一是”；on the other hand“另一方面”；on the contrary“与此相反”；as a result“因此”。句意：他渴望成功，但另一方面，他又不想努力。根据句意可知选B。
答案 Blittle by little 一点点地；逐渐地
Little by little the snow disappeared.雪渐渐消失了。
Little by little we began to get to know him.
渐渐地我们开始了解他。4．
year by year 一年年地
step by step逐步地
side by side(＝shoulder to shoulder)肩并肩
face to face面对面
back to back 背靠背
arm in arm手挽手
hand in hand手拉手
day after day 日复一日
success after success 一次又一次成功【归纳拓展】【单项填空】
John hadn't been able to quit smoking at once; he had to control his smoking desire________.
A．more or less B．by and by
C．little by little D．now and then
解析 句意：约翰没能立即把烟戒掉，他得逐渐地控制烟瘾。more or less“或多或少”；by and by“不久，很快”；little by little“逐渐地”；now and then“时而，有时”。
答案 Cbelong to 属于，是……的成员
In our country, railways belong to the state.
在我们国家，铁路归国家所有。
I don't know which team he belongs to.
我不知道他是哪个队的成员。
【温馨提醒】
(1) 短语belong to 不能用于进行时，也不用于被动语态，但可用现在分词形式作后置定语。
The car belonging to me is broken.我的车出毛病了。
(2) 没有被动语态的动词及动词短语：have，own，possess，spread, happen, take place, break out等。5．
Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future________to the well-educated.
A．belongs
B．is belonged
C．is belonging
D．will be belonged
解析 belong to表示“属于”，不能用于被动语态，而且也没有进行时形式，因此只有A项正确。
答案 A【单项填空】① The people________a different generation hold a different opinion.
A．belong to
B．belonged to
C．belonging to
D．belongs to
解析 belong to 不能用于被动语态和进行时，但可以用它的－ing形式作定语，所以C项正确。
答案 C② But each of them sends representatives to the European Parliament, which has some control over what happens in each of the member countries，但是每个国家都派遣代表参加欧洲议会，该议会对每个成员国所发生的事情都有一定的控制力。
(1) 本句中的which has some control over what happens in each of the member countries是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰the European Parliament; what happens in each of the member countries是what引导的名词性从句，作介词over的宾语。1． 【归纳拓展】
what常用来引导名词性从句，即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。what在引导名词性从句时有两个重要的特点：
(1)what在相应的名词性从句中一定有含义，常表示“什么”“所……的”“……的样子”等；
(2)what在相应的名词性从句中一定作成分，而且常作主语、宾语或表语。What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality.过去认为不可能的事现在已经变成现实。(what 引导主语从句并在从句中作主语)
China is no longer what it used to be.中国已不再是过去的样子。(what引导表语从句并在从句中作表语)
That they won the game was what we had expected.他们赢得了这场比赛，这正是我们所期盼的。(what引导表语从句并在从句中作宾语)【温馨提醒】
that引导名词性从句时，仅起连接作用，不作任何成分。
(2)本句中的has some control over表示“对……有控制力”。
Parents should have some control over what their children are doing online.父母应当控制一下孩子在网上做的事情。【归纳拓展】
beyond control 无法控制
under control 被控制住
out of control 失去控制
in the control of 由……控制/管理
take control of 控制/管理…
lose control of 对……失去控制【单项填空】
①The project turned out to be very good，________was more than we could expect.
A．what B．that C．which D．as
解析 句意：这项工程结果很好，这远远出乎我们的意料。which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是主句整个句子。as也可以引导非限制性定语从句，常带有“正如”之意，在此不符合，故排除D项。
答案 C【完成句子】
② 那辆公共汽车失去控制，撞到了一家商店的店面。
The bus went and ran into a shop front.
③他受了坏人的控制，他们强迫他干坏事。
He was bad men who forced him to do
bad things.out of control in the control of The expanded European Union has a population of more than half a billion people, twice as big as the population of the United States.扩大了的欧盟拥有五亿多人口——美国人口的两倍。
本句中过去分词expanded作前置定语，修饰European Union; twice as big as...the United States作后置定语修饰population，相当于非限制性定语从句which is twice as big as...；twice as big as...是倍数的表达法，意为“……是……的两倍大”。 2． 【归纳拓展】
倍数的表达法通常有以下几种：
(1)A is...times＋adj./adv.的比较级＋than B
(2)A is...times＋as＋adj./adv.的原级＋as B
(3)A is...times the size/length/width/height/depth＋of＋B
The length of this bridge is four times that of that Bridge.
＝This bridge is three times longer than that bridge.
＝This bridge is four times as long as that bridge.
这座桥是那座桥的四倍长。①他的公寓是我的公寓的三倍大。
His apartment is as mine.
②这女孩比她哥哥聪明十倍。
The girl is than her brother.
③新扩建的广场是以前那个广场的四倍大。
The newly broadened square is of the
previous one.【完成句子】 three times as large ten times cleverer four times the size 【单项填空】
Peter's jacket looked just the same as Jack's, but it cost________his.
A．as much twice as B．twice as much as
C．much as twice as D．as twice much as
解析 考查倍数比较的表达法。B项符合倍数比较表达的基本形式：倍数＋as＋adj.＋as＋比较对象。
答案 B课件22张PPT。Ⅰ.单词识记
1．_____vt.签署
2．__________n．协议；契约
3．____________adv.在哪里
4．________prep.在……对面Module 1 Europe Period Two Vocabulary and Listening；Everyday English；Function；Speaking and Writing 课件（外研版必修3，课标通用）sign agreement whereabouts oppositeⅡ.短语天地
1．______________在左边/右边
2．______________在……前面
3．______________在……旁边on the left/right in front of next toPortugal is to the west of Spain.
[信息提取] A＋is/lies＋to＋the＋方位名词＋of＋B，表示A地位于B地的某个方向(to表示A在B境外)。
[例句仿写] 韩国位于中国的东方。
___________________________
Barcelona is on the northeast coast of Spain.
[信息提取] on the coast指在沿海岸线的陆地上
[例句仿写] 青岛位于中国的东海岸。
__________________________________Ⅲ.句型搜索1． Korea is to the east of China.2． Qingdao lies on the east coast of China.That's the capital of Scotland，isn't it?
[信息提取] isn't it为反意疑问句。
[例句仿写] 他们工作很努力，是这样吗？
__________________________
What's it like?
[信息提取] What's...like？就某人、某地或某事物的具体情况提问。
[例句仿写] 北京这时的天气怎样？
_____________________________________________3． 4． They work hard, don’t they?What's the weather like in Beijing at the moment? opposite
(1) prep & adv.在…对面；在对面
The post office is opposite the bank. 邮局在银行对面。
They sat opposite on the lawn. 他们面对面地坐在草坪上。
(2)adj.相反的；相对的；对面的
They sell things on the opposite side of the river.
他们在河的对面卖东西。
I watched them leave and then drove off in the opposite direction. 我目送他们离开，然后开车向相反的方向驶去。1． (3)n.[C] 相反的人(物)
Black and white are opposites.＝ Black is the opposite of white. 黑和白是对立面。
【归纳拓展】
be opposite to在……对面；与……相反
just the opposite恰恰相反【单项填空】
My view on the project is the very ________to yours.That's to say, I don't agree with you at all.
A．similarity B．opposite
C．option D．difference
解析 考查名词辨析。根据后句中的“don't agree...at all”可知，应选opposite，“相反；对立”。similarity“相似，相似性”；option“选择”；difference“不同点”，均与语境不符。
答案 Bsign
(1)v.签署，签名； 打手势
Sign your name here，please. 请在这儿签上你的名字。
His secretary typed the letter and he signed it.
他的秘书把信打好，他在信上签了名。
She signed the children to be quiet.
她示意孩子们安静下来。2． (2) n．符号；标志，标牌；手势；征兆
The sign“－”means minus. “－”这个符号是“减”的意思。
The sign says “Parking Forbidden”．
标牌上写着“禁止停车”。
There wasn't a sign of life in the place.
那儿没有生命的迹象。sign in签到；(在旅馆)登记住宿
sign out 签退；签名登记离开
sign up for报名参加【归纳拓展】 他忘了签名了。
He has forgotten to .
警察示意我们停车。
The policeman .
这房子没有人住的迹象。
There are about the house.【完成句子】① ② ③ sign his name signed to us to stop no signs of life agreement n.
(1)[C]协议；契约
There is a trade agreement between China and the US.
中美间有一项贸易协定。
It is very important to reach an agreement with this big company.和这家大公司达成协议是很重要的。
(2)[U](意见)一致；赞同，同意
I'm quite in agreement with what he said.
我十分同意他所说的话。
My parents are in agreement on that point.
关于那一点我的父母意见一致。3． (1) arrive at/come to/reach/make an agreement达成协议；取得一致意见
in agreement with 赞同……，和……一致
(2) agree vt.&vi. 同意；一致
agree on/about关于……意见一致
agree with 同意……的意见；与……一致；符合
(3) disagreement n．不一致；不同意【归纳拓展】 —How are their talks going on? Have they reached any______？
—They only seemed to have agreed to set another date for further talks.
A．idea B．goal C．agreement D．measure
解析 句意：——他们的谈判进展如何？他们达成任何协议了吗？——他们好像只是定下另一日期进一步谈判。reach an agreement意为“达成协议”，符合题意。idea想法；goal 目标；measure 措施。
答案 C【单项填空】That's the capital of Scotland，isn't it?
那是苏格兰的首都，对不对？
本句是一个反意疑问句。反意疑问句是由“陈述句和简略问句”构成。其中简略问句用于表示反问、疑问或强调等。反意疑问句的使用要遵循以下规则：
(1)反意疑问句的构成是“肯定陈述句＋否定的简略问句”或“否定陈述句＋肯定简略问句”。
(2) 简略问句的主语不用名词，应用人称代词。 1． (3)对“否定陈述句＋肯定简略问句”的肯定回答仍然用yes，否定回答用no，但是yes译为“不”，no译为“是的”。
—He hasn't finished his homework，has he?
他还没有完成作业，是不是？
—Yes，he has.
不，他完成了。(yes译成“不”)
—No，he hasn't.
是的，他还没有完成。(no译成“是的”)【归纳拓展】
(1)let's开头的祈使句，疑问部分用shall we。
Let's go and listen to the music，shall we?
一起去听音乐，好吗？
(2) let us开头的祈使句，疑问部分用will you。
Let us wait for you in the reading room，will you?
你让我们在阅览室等你，好吗？ —The project wasn't difficult for him，was it?
—________.He should have been given a more difficult one.
A．No，it was B．Yes，it was
C．Yes，it wasn't D．No，it wasn't
解析 前否定后肯定的反意疑问句，在答语中前后要一致，即Yes后是肯定形式，No后是否定形式，故排除A、C项；又因Yes译作“不”；No译作“是的”，故根据空后的句子知选D项。
答案 D① Sally's never seen a play in the Shanghai Grand Theatre，________？
A．hasn't she
B．has she
C．isn't she
D．is she
解析 在陈述句中，主语是Sally，助动词是has，且句子中含有never，因此简略问句应用肯定形式。故选B。
答案 B ② What's it like? 它是什么样子的？
What's...like? 就某人、某地或某事物的具体情况提问。
What's the weather like today？今天的天气如何？2． 【比较网站】 What is he like？/What does he look like? 【单项填空】
—________your brother like?
—He is kind and friendly.
A．What is
B．How is
C．What does
D．How does
解析 考查句型What is he like？的用法。意为：你哥哥是个怎样的人？
答案 A
