课件36张PPT。However，although，but，while都可以表示转折关系，但它们的词性、用法各有不同。
一、however
however adv.然而，不过。它的语气比but 的弱，不直接引出相反的意见，可放于句首和句中，且通常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。Module2 Developing and Developed Countries Period Four Grammar：Link words 课件（外研版必修3，天津专用）You will be lucky if he lets you go without a ticket. However，this does not always happen.
他如果不给你一个违章通知单就放你走，那是你运气好。不过，这种事不是常有的。
I'd like to go with you; however，my hands are full.
我很想和你一块儿去，可是我很忙。although 与though
这两个词意思相同，通常可以换用，但although语气较重，通常放在句首，并用于正式场合。
I'd quite like to go out，(al)though it is raining.
我很想出去，虽然正下着小雨。
Although it was snowing，it was not very cold.
虽然下着雪，但并不是很冷。二、 1． though作“尽管”讲，引导让步状语从句可以倒装，但although 没有这种用法。as引导的让步状语从句必须倒装。
Poor though/as he is，he is happy.
虽然穷但他过得很开心。
Child though/as she was，the actress was drawing wide audience. 尽管这个女演员还是个孩子，却吸引着很多观众。(child前不用冠词a)2． although 只用作连词，而though 除作连词外，还可用作副词，常置于句末，句子较长时，也可置于句中。
It's hard work. I enjoyed it though.
这是苦差事，可我干得颇有乐趣。
There's no excuse, though, for hurting her feelings.
伤到她的感情一事，还是不可原谅。
although 和though 用作连词时不能和but 连用，但可以和yet，still 等连用。
Although he lives alone，yet he is happy. ＝He lives alone，but he is happy. 虽然独自生活，但他很开心。3． 4． but
but是连词，意为“但是”，用来引出较弱的相反意见，常用于口语中。
I was going to write，but I lost your address. 我本来要写信的，可我把你的地址弄丢了。三、 while
while是连词，意为“但，却，然而”。while 表示对比或用于引出相反的情况。
You like tennis while I'd rather read.
你爱打网球，但我爱看书。
I drink black coffee while he prefers it with milk.四、 however/while/but的区别
这三个词都有“然而”的意思，但用法上有一定的区别：
however在句中的位置比较灵活，且通常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。
I did not expect you would come; however，I am very pleased to see you.
我没有想到你会来，但我还是很高兴见到你。 五、 1． while多用于表对比，而且前后两个分句在结构上对称。
Some people are rich while others are poor.
有些人富，(而)有些人穷。
but是常用词，表示语意上的转折关系。
I'd asked everybody but only two people came.
每个人我都请了，可是只来了两个。2． 3． We had to wait half an hour________we had already booked a table.
A．since B．although
C．until D．before
解析 although 引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”。句意：虽然我们订了座位，但是我们不得不等半小时。since 意为“自从”；until 意为“直到”；before 意为“在……之前”。
答案 B【单项填空】1． Although badly hurt in the accident，the driver was________able to make a phone call.
A．still B．even
C．also D．ever
解析 句意： 尽管在事故中受重伤，但司机还能打电话。although...yet/still...用以表达“尽管……，但还是……”，属于让步状语从句的范畴。
答案 A2． Playing on a frozen sports field sounds like a lot of fun. Isn't it rather risky，________？
A．though B．also
C．either D．too
解析 句意：在冰冷的体育场上玩耍听起来很有趣，不过，难道不很冒险吗？though尽管；然而；also也，用于肯定句中；either也(不)；too也，用于肯定句中。由句意和四个词的基本用法可知选A，though 用作副词时表示转折。
答案 A 3． 假如你是李华，现在在美国学习。请根据下表的提示给某英文报社写篇文章，介绍你在美国学习的感受。对比类文章【写作任务】第一步：认真审题
本单元的写作话题是写一篇对比类文章。实际上是让学生对对比的地点、事物等进行描写、说明。写对比性的文章把两个事物描述清楚即可，但是需要注意描写的顺序。一般来说有两种顺序：第一种是分开描述两个事物，把其中一个写完之后，再写另一个；第二种是同时描述两个事物，就某一方面进行对比。【写作分析】1．对所给的要点不要简单翻译，要有适当发挥；
2．词数：120左右。【写作要求】细心审题，提炼主题。首先应认真阅读写作提示或说明，围绕被比较的内容，提炼出主题。
认真思考，得出结论。事物对比不能仅停留在就事论事的层面上，要通过比较，得出一个结论或说明一个主题。
逻辑合理，语言流畅。在事物的对比中，通常用到下列过渡词：while，and，on the other hand，though(although)，on the contrary等。1． 2． 3． 写此类文章时应注意以下几点：第二步：提炼要点
1．enjoy living in America
2．be responsible for
3．be different from
4．in my country，don't worry about your educational plan
5．Learning is my own business here
6．do everything such as shopping, cooking，washing，
cleaning etc.
7．make a plan and have good schedules
8．can't rely on parents第三步：扩点成句
1．Since I came to America，I really have enjoyed living
here，for I am responsible for everything myself and able
to push myself forward.
2．The life here is very different from that in my country.
3．In my country，you don't have to worry about your
educational plan，for teachers are always concerned about
your future.4．Learning is my own business here. Everything is controlled
by myself，if I want to get a good job.
5．I should spare time to do something such as going to
supermarkets to buy some food. And I have to deal with
my lunch and dinner in my daily life. I should wash my
clothes and clear up my room.
6．I have to make a plan and have good schedules every day.
7．I can't rely on my mother or my father. I have to do my
part.【参考范文】
Since I came to America，I really have enjoyed living here，for I am responsible for everything myself and able to push myself forward. Actually，the life here is very different from that in my country.
Firstly，in my country，you don't have to worry about your educational plan，for teachers are always concerned about your future. However，learning is my own business here. Everything is controlled by myself，if I want to get a good job. Secondly，I should spare time to do something such as going to supermarkets to buy some food. And I have to deal with my lunch and dinner in my daily life. Furthermore，I should wash my clothes and clear up my room. So I have to make a plan and have good schedules every day. On the other hand，I can't rely on my mother or my father. I have to do my part.短文简明扼要，引出主题。由于文化的差异，导致教育方式及目的等有明显差别。文章言简意赅，就学校学习及生活进行了很清晰的对比，充分体现了作者驾驭语言的能力。
运用了一些过渡词(firstly，secondly，furthermore，on the other hand等等)，从而显得文章连贯性很强。【亮点展示】1． 2． 对比类写作的常用类型：
(1)今昔对比：文章通常用一般现在时和一般过去时。
写作格式：主题句——对过去情况的描述——对现在情况的描述——总结句。
(2)正反观点对比：文章通常采用同一种时态。
写作格式：提出问题——介绍两种不同的观点——对两种不同观点的论据逐项进行对比——结尾加上自己的观点并阐明理由。
(3)数据分析对比：文章通常用一般现在时和一般过去时。
写作格式：提出所要说明的现象——数据对比——得出结论。 【写作模板】1． 开头常用句式：
(1) In order to have a clear picture of...，we made a survey.
(2) We surveyed the two...in order to have a clear picture of them.
(3) In order to know the two...better，we made a survey.2． 作比较时常用的句式：
(1) People in A Town earned 20, 000 dollars per year on average, while people...
(2) People in B City earned much more than people in. . . twice as high as it was in 1997.
(3) According to the above, we know... have grown faster in the ten years.
(4) The comparison shows that...have developed faster in the decade.
(5) We can draw a conclusion that...3． 常用过渡性词语：
in the same way，similarly，likewise，on the contrary，by contrast，however，equal to，on the other hand，while，whereas，though，although等 4． 细节性问题是关于Supporting Details类的问题，在通过略读(Skimming)找出主题后，应进一步掌握阐述主题的重要事实，或按要求找出特定细节。
在解答细节性问题时，通常应采用查读法( Scanning)来锁定具体细节在文中的位置。怎样解答阅读理解中的细节性问题 细节性问题的题目常以Wh-(如who，what，when，where，why等)疑问句的形式出现。有时也采用陈述句的形式。这些问题的表达通常不采用文章中的原话，而是通过同义词语等来实现，因此，在选择答案前应首先看准题干，看清问题所问；然后，在查读时注意寻找与题目相关的关键词语；最后，在充分理解原文、原题的基础上确定正确答案。细节类问题的常用提问方式：
1．Which of the following is NOT true according to the
information in the passage?
2．Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?
3．The author mentions all of the following except...
4．The reason for...is...
5．According to the passage, when(where, why, how, who,
etc.)．.. 当然，这类细节性问题所涉及的面是很广的。有的涉及数字计算，如问时间、距离、次数、数量等，此时只有通过认真计算方可选定正确答案；有的涉及正误判断，解此类题目时，要先看选项，根据选项提供的线索，在文中寻找相关细节部分，最后选出答案；还有的寻问事实、原因、结果、目的等。总之，做细节题切忌通过自己对某类知识的主观了解和认知作出判断，一定要紧扣文章内容。 Just seven years ago, the Jarvik-7 artificial heart was being cheered as the model of human creativeness.The sight of Barney Clark－alive and conscious after trading his diseased heart for metal-and-plastic pump－convinced the press, the public and many doctors that the future had arrived. 【典例展示】It hadn't. After monitoring production of the Jarvik-7，and reviewing its effects on the'150 or so patients (most of whom got the device as a temporary measure) the U．S. Food and Drug Administration concluded that the machine was doing more to endanger lives than to save them. Last week the agency cancelled its earlier approval, effectively banning(禁止)the device. The recall may hurt Symbion Inc., maker of the Jarvik-7，but it won't end the request for an artificial heart. One problem with the banned model is that the tubes connecting it to an external power source created a passage infection. Inventors are now working on new devices that would be fully placed, along with a tiny power pack, in the patient's chest. The first sample products aren't expected for another 10 or 20 years. But some people are already worrying that they'll work and that America's overextended health care programs will lose$2.5 billion to$5 billion a year providing them for a relatively few dying patients. If such expenditures(开支)cut into funding for more basic care，the net effect could actually be a decline in the nation's health.According to the passage the Jarvik-7 artificial heart proved to be________.
A．a technical failure
B．a technical wonder
C．a good life-saver
D．an effective means to treat heart disease1. 解析 结合题干和选项可知，题干问的是the Jarvik-7 artificial heart最终的”命运”和定位。文章一开头说Jarvik-7是一大技术成就，但文章又提到：...the U．S.Food and Drug Administration concluded that the machine was doing more to endanger lives than to save them. Last week the agency cancelled its earlier approval, effectively banning the device.由此可判断答案为A。
答案 AThe new models of artificial hearts are expected________.
A．to have a working life of 10 or 20 years
B．to be set fully in the patient's chest
C．to be equipped with an external power source
D．to create a new passage for infection
解析 跳读文章，在文中寻找与题干中的关键词the new models of artificial相关的语句：Inventors are now working on new devices...in the patient‘s chest.由该句可知答案为B。
答案 B2． 课件57张PPT。 I will never forget my experience in Africa. When I came into the orphanage(孤儿院)，the children had big smiles on their faces, but behind the smiles I could see the hurt in their eyes. A volunteer's storyThey told me of their dreams for the future, but their future looked bleak(暗淡的) from their present situation.①Before I came here I imagined an orphanage with lovely beds, a dining hall, a playground where the children could enjoy themselves.But the reality was far from my imagination. The orphanage only had four rooms. These little boys and girls piled into(挤入) the same beds in rooms. And the rooms were very small and they didn't even have real door. They were shabbily(破旧地)dressed and their fingers were as thin as sticks. It was hard to imagine that something we could only see on TV at home really happened in this orphanage. I talked to a volunteer who was cooking for the children. When she talked of the terrible situation of these children, I saw tears on her face.②Seeing this, I strongly felt something needed to be done.I shouldn't sit at my home in the United States and ignored(忽视) all of the hurt that went on in the world. These children faced not only poor living conditions, but a lack of health care and education as well. Volunteers were important to them. In fact, there are many children who are suffering a lot. At least, they need a teacher that can teach them basic knowledge, and a nurse that can provide them with basic health care. But even volunteers like me, who have nothing really specific(具体的)to offer, are a great help. Sometimes these children just need someone to talk to. They need to build confidence and live on their own. The most important is that they need love. Dear friends, please give a helping hand to them. Every child should enjoy the blue sky like you.咱们找一个可以游泳的地方吧。(where引导定语从句)
一听到教师的声音，学生们立即停止讲话。(现在分词作状语)
When I came into the orphanage(孤儿院)，the children had big smiles on their faces, but behind the smiles I could see the hurt in their eyes.
① ② 1．佳句仿写一二三 Let's look for a place where we can swim.Hearing their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.2．翻译佳句，放眼高考当我走进孤儿院的时候，孩子们的脸上露出灿烂的笑容，但是
在这些笑容背后我还是从他们眼中看到了他们内心的痛苦。Module2 Developing and Developed Countries Period One Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary 课件（外研版必修3，天津专用）Ⅰ.单词识记
1．________n．饥饿
2．________n．收入
3．________n．贫穷
4．________n．人
5．____________ n．发展hunger income poverty human development 6．________v．测定；测量；评估
7．________n．目标
8．________n．位置
9．________v．教育，培养；训练
10．________n．数字measure goal position educate figureⅡ.短语天地
1．________________ 直到
3．________________在……顶端
4．________________在……底部
5．make efforts________________
6．make progress________________up to at the top of at the bottom of 做出努力 进步 From this agreement came the Human Development Report.
[信息提取] 本句为倒装句，介词短语放在句首时用于表示强调方位或方式，此时句子要用完全倒装形式。
[例句仿写] 山顶上有座庙。
_______________________________________
Norway is at the top of the list，while the US is at number 7.
[信息提取] while作并列连词表示对比。
[例句仿写] 我喜欢喝茶，而她喜欢喝咖啡。
___________________________Ⅲ.句型搜索1． On the top of the mountain stands a temple.2． I like tea while she likes coffee.The bottom ten countries are all African countries，with Sierra Leone(in West Africa) at the bottom of the list.
[信息提取] “with＋宾语＋宾补”形式的复合结构。
[例句仿写] 老师手里拿着本书走进了教室。
___________________________________________________
These are among the five richest countries in the world, so it is right that they should do so.
[信息提取] “it is ＋形容词＋ that...”结构。
[例句仿写] 他没有和你一起玩游戏是对的。
_______________________________________3． 4． The teacher came into the classroom with a book in his hand.It is right that he didn't play games with you.Fast Reading：Scan the text and choose the best answers according to the text.
From the text，the countries that give the most money to the developing countries are the following EXCEPT________.
A．Norway
B．Sweden
C．the U．S.
D．the NetherlandsⅣ.预读理解1． (1) From the passage we know that 147 world leaders agreed to work together to reduce poverty________.
A．only in 2015
B．by 2015
C．in 2015 or later
D．by 2015 or earlier(2) The Human Development Index measures a country's achievement in three ways：________.
A．life expectancy，education and environment
B．income，life expectancy and education
C．education，environment and income
D．life expectancy，environment and income(3) The fact that we are killing a lot of chickens because of the bird flu agrees with the Development Goal of________.
A．improving the environment of poor people
B．reducing poverty and hunger
C．fighting AIDS and other diseases
D．encouraging developed countries to help other countries(4) The challenges of development are still great. One example is that________.
A．more than 80% of children in developing countries go to
primary school
B．water is now mostly safe to drink in Eastern Europe
C．about 400 million Africans or South Asians are hungry
every day
D．250 million Chinese have moved out of poverty in the last
ten years
答案 (1)C (2)D (3)B (4)C (5)C(5) Careful Reading：Read the text carefully and fill in the blanks.2．The Human Development Report答案 (1)income (2)Goals (3)poverty (4)education
(5)fight (6)environment (7)developed (8)increased
(9)Eastern Europe (10)is neededmeasure
(1)vt.测量，计量；评估
This room measures ten metres across.这个房间宽10米。
They measured the length of the garden.
他们测量了花园的长度。
The snow there is measured not by/in inches, but in/by feet.那里的雪不是以英寸，而是以英尺来计算。1． (2)n.尺寸；措施
The metre is a measure of length. 米是长度单位。
You should take effective measures to improve your working conditions.
你们应采取有效措施来改善我们的工作环境。(1)make...to one's measure按某人的尺寸订做……
take measures (to do sth)采取措施(干某事)
(2) be measured by/in...用……来计算/衡量【归纳拓展】 【温馨提醒】
(1)measure表示“措施”之意时，常用其复数形式measures。
(2)measure表示“量；有……长(宽、高等)”时，是不及物动词，后跟量的结果，不用被动语态及进行时态；作定语时要用现在分词。Do you know the history of that bridge measuring as long as 200 metres?
【单项填空】
If we had taken such effective________much earlier, the river would not be polluted so seriously now.
A．treasures B．efforts
C．measures D．actions
解析 句意：如果我们早点采取这样有效的措施的话，这条河流现在就不会被污染得这么严重了。treasure“宝藏，珍品”；effort“努力”；measure“尺寸，措施”；action“行动，行为”。由句意可知应选C，take measures“采取措施”。
答案 Cposition n.
(1)位置
The chairs are all out of position.
椅子全都放得不是地方。
Can you show me the position of the island on this map? 你能在地图上给我指出这个岛的位置吗？
(2)职位，工作
He held a senior position in a large company.
他在一家大公司担任高级职务。 2． (3)地位，身份；(比赛排列的)名次
She finished in second position in the race.
她赛跑得了第二名。
(4)状况，形势
He is in a difficult position.他处境困难。
(5)姿态，姿势
Make sure that you are working in a comfortable position.工作时一定要保持舒适的姿势。【归纳拓展】
in a．..position处于……的地位/处境
in/out of position在/不在适当的位置
take up a position占据位置
hold a position担任职务James took the magazine off the little table to make________for the television.
A．room
B. area
C．field
D．position
解析 句意：詹姆斯从小桌上取走杂志，腾出空来放电视机。make room for...意为“为……腾出空间”；make 与其他三项构不成固定搭配，含义上也讲不通。
答案 A【单项填空】① From their________on the top of the TV Tower，visitors can have a better view of the city.
A．stage B．position
C．condition D．situation
解析 stage 舞台；时期，阶段；position 位置；condition 条件，情况；situation 形势，情况；情景。根据空前的物主代词their可以推断出选B项。句意为：从他们在电视塔顶部的位置，游客们可以更好地看到这个城市的景色。
答案 B② figure
(1)n.数字；体形；人物；雕像；图形
Where did you get those figures?
你是从哪儿得到那些数字的？
She does exercise every morning to keep her figure.
她每天早上做运动以保持体形。
He is an important political figure.
他是一位重要的政治人物。
The wall was covered with figures of birds and flowers.
墙上满是花鸟的图形。 3． (2)v.计算；想；估计
I figured that you would arrive before noon.
我以为你会在中午以前到达。
figure out计算出；理解，弄明白
figure up计算，把……加起来【归纳拓展】【完成句子】
①她吃得这么多，究竟是怎样保持优美身材的？
How does she manage to when she eats so
much?
②你能想出这件事该怎么做吗？
Can you how to do it.
③如果你算出我总共欠你多少钱，我马上就付清给你。
If you'll exactly how much I owe you, I'll pay you
right away.keep her figure figure out figure up at the top of在……顶部
She is at the top of her class in French.
她的法语是班上第一名。
We can rest at the top of this hill. 我们可以在山顶休息。1．
(1) on the top of 在……顶部
at the top of one's voice高声地；以最大的嗓音
(2) at the bottom of 在……底部
from the bottom of one's heart从心底里【归纳拓展】①He was standing the top of the hill.
②He came out the top of the school.
③We climbed the top of the wall.
④He shouted the top of the voice.【介词填空】at at on at make sure 确信；弄清楚
Have you made sure of the time of the train?
火车出发的时间你搞清楚了吗？
Make sure that the doors are locked before you go out.
出去之前，一定要把门锁好。 2． 【归纳拓展】
(1) make sure of/about...弄清楚；确信
make sure( that)．..确信……
(2)be sure of 对……有把握；确信
be sure to do 一定；必然会They love their daughter so much that they are always ready to do everything they can________her happiness.
A．make sure of B．be sure of
C．to be sure to D．to make sure of
解析 考查make sure的用法。句意：他们太爱女儿了，为了确保她的幸福，他们总是乐意做他们能做的一切。everything后有一个定语从句they can (do) 对其进行修饰，因此can后的内容应为目的状语，故排除A，B项；be sure to do 务必做某事；make sure of sth确保某事，故选D。
答案 D【单项填空】up to
(1) 直到；到……为止
This hotel can hold up to 500 guests.
这旅馆可供达500位来宾住宿。
Up to yesterday, I thought he was single.
直到昨天，我一直以为他是独身。
(2) 从事
What are you up to? 你在忙什么？
(3) 胜任
He is not up to the work. 他不能胜任这份工作。3． (4) 由……决定
It's up to you to decide. 由你决定。
Shall we go to Beijing or Shanghai? It's up to you.
我们去北京还是去上海？你决定吧。【归纳拓展】
(1)be up to (doing) sth从事于……，胜任……
(2)be up to sb由某人决定，由某人负责
It's up to sb to do sth应由某人做……”这个帐篷至多能睡十人。
can sleep in this tent.
迈克尔确实不胜任那项工作。
Michael is not really .
这次由你决定去哪里。
decide where to go this time.【完成句子】①② ③ Up to ten people up to the job It's up to you to make progress取得进步；好转
Study well and make progress every day.
好好学习，天天向上。
Recently，he made great progress in maths.
最近，他在数学方面取得了不小的进步。
4． 【温馨提醒】
progress 为不可数名词，即使其前有形容词修饰也不加a/an。如make good/ rapid/ great/much progress取得很大进步。【英汉互译】
(1)The old lady made slow progress up the hill.
。
(2)尽管他学习非常努力，但在英语方面并未取得进步。
。老太太上山走得很慢Though he works hard，he makes little progress in his Englishmake efforts作出努力
He is making an effort to catch up with others in study.
他在学习上正在努力赶上别人。
I know you have worked hard, but you could make greater efforts.
我知道你已经努力了，但是你还可以做出更大努力。5． (1)make an effort to do sth尽一切努力做某事
make every effort 尽一切努力
spare no effort不遗余力
(2)without effort容易地，不费力地
with effort努力地，艰难地【归纳拓展】 我要不遗余力地帮助穷人。
I'll to help the poor.
许多女士正在努力减肥。
Lots of ladies are to lose weight.【完成句子】① ② spare no effort making efforts Great________have been made to make our environment more and more beautiful.
A．efforts B．pains
C．trouble D．attempt
解析 句意：我们尽了最大的努力使我们的环境越来越美丽。make efforts to do sth努力做某事。great efforts 作主语，故句子用被动语态。pains 和trouble 要与take搭配；make an attempt to do sth表示“试图做某事”。
答案 A
【单项填空】③ Norway is at the top of the list, while the US is at number 7.挪威高居榜首，而美国名列第7。
while在此意为“而，却”，为并列连词，表对比，具有轻微转折的含义。
Mother is busy cooking while Father is watching TV after work.下班后，妈妈忙于做饭而爸爸在看电视。1． while作连词的其他用法：
(l)while意为“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句时，从句中的动词是延续性动词。
While the discussion was still going on, George came in.当讨论还在进行时，乔治走了进来。
(2)while意为“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。
While I admit his good points，I can see his shortcomings.尽管我承认他的优点，但我还是能看到他的缺点。 【归纳拓展】 Mary made coffee________her guests were finishing their meal.
A．so that B．although
C．while D．as if
解析 句意：当客人们快要吃完饭的时候玛丽煮了咖啡。so that引导目的状语从句或结果状语从句；although引导让步状语从句；as if引导方式状语从句，均不符合句意。由句意可知应选while，意为“当……的时候”。
答案 C【单项填空】① —I wonder how much you charge for your services.
—The first two are free________the third costs$30.
A．while
B．until
C．when
D．before
解析 句意：——我想知道您的服务要多少钱？——前两项免费而第三项要30美元。此处while作并列连词，表对比，意为“而”。
答案 A② The bottom ten countries are all African countries, with Sierra Leone( in West Africa) at the bottom of the list.排名最后的10个国家均是非洲国家，塞拉利昂(位于西非)排在最后一位。
本句中的with Sierra Leone (in West Africa) at the bottom of the list属于“with＋宾语十宾补”结构，介词短语at the bottom of the list作宾补。
She saw a small river with green grass and red flowers on both sides. 她看到一条小河，河的两岸满是红花绿草。
The weather was even colder with the wind blowing. 因为有风，天气更冷了。 2． (1) with＋宾语＋介词短语
Our teacher came in with a dictionary under his arm. 我们老师进来了，腋下夹了一本词典。
(2) with＋宾语＋adj.
I used to sleep with the window open.我过去习惯开着窗子睡觉。
(3) with＋宾语＋adv.
I can't hear you clearly with the machines on.机器开动着，我听不清你说的话。 【归纳拓展】 (4) with＋宾语＋动词不定式
With the boy to lead the way, we will have no difficulty finding the cave. 有这位小孩带路，我们找到洞穴不会有困难的。
(5) with＋宾语＋v.-ing
With you standing there, I can't do my work.
你站在那里，我没法干活。
(6) with＋宾语＋v.-ed
With all his homework done，he went back home.
所有作业做完之后，他回家了。 ①It was even colder with the wind (blow)．
②With all the work (finish), they hurried back home
for lunch.
③With many things (deal with), I have to stop
listening to light music.用所给动词的适当形式填空blowing finished to deal with These are among the five richest countries in the world，so it is right that they should do so.这些国家都在世界上最富有的5个国家之列，因此它们这样做是正确的。
it is right that they should do so是“it is＋形容词＋that”结构，表示“……是对的”。
It is clear that he has known the secret. 很明显，他已经知道了这个秘密。
It is right that she should say no to your request. 她拒绝你的请求是对的。 3． 这个句式中作表语的形容词如果是important，necessary等，主语从句中的谓语要用“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。
It is important that we (should) learn English well. 学好英语很重要。【归纳拓展】 必须立即采取行动。
It is necessary that some efforts .
举办一个绿色的奥运会是重要的。
It is important that we a green Olympics.【完成句子】① ② (should) be made (should) host The Foreign Minister said，“________our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”
A．This is B．There is
C．hat is D．It is
解析 句意：外交部长说：“双方都将致力于和平，这是我们的希望所在。”it是形式主语，that所引导的主语从句是真正的主语。
答案 D【单项填空】③课件30张PPT。Ⅰ.单词识记
1．____________n．娱乐
2．________v．交换Module2 Developing and Developed Countries Period Three Cultural Corner 课件（外研版必修3，天津专用）entertainment exchangeⅡ.短语天地
1．__________接近；靠近
2．__________结果；因此be close to as a result 句型搜索
It's an agreement between towns or cities of similar size and age，and which have similar features such as tourism，industry，culture and entertainment.
[信息提取] “be＋ of＋抽象名词”说明主语的性质特征。
[例句仿写] 这个任务很重要。
_________________________Ⅲ. 1． This task is of importance.This is because living with a foreign family for one or two weeks means that you have to speak their language，and as a result you improve fast.
[信息提取] This/It is because...意为“这是因为……”。
[例句仿写] 这是因为我们能感到疼痛。
____________________________2． This is because we can feel pain.课文信息理解
The passage is mainly about________.
A．town twinning agreement
B．Oxford in the U. K.
C．Grenoble in France
D．the relation between Oxford and GrenobleⅣ. 1． Why has town twinning become popular in recent years?
A．Because it is a new idea.
B．Because it is easier to find out a town twinning and visit
towns of other countries.
C．Because people like visit very much.
D．Because one town needs another town in another country
as its town twinning.2． Which of the following doesn't belong to the similarities between Oxford in the UK and Grenoble in France according to this passage?
A．They are about as big as each other.
B．They are both close to some of the most beautiful
countryside in the region.
C．They are both developed in industries.
D．There are many tourists in either of the two cities.3． Why is town twinning agreement most useful for people who want to practice speaking another language?
A．They have to speak another language during their stay
there.
B．They can show their own language to others.
C．It can help them improve the language they want to learn
fast.
D．Both A and C.
答案 1.A 2.B 3.A 4.D4． entertainment n．[U]娱乐，消遣；款待
A cinema is a place of entertainment. 电影院是娱乐场所。
There were music and dancing for our entertainment.
有音乐和舞蹈来款待我们。 1． entertain v．使娱乐；款待
entertain sb with...用……使某人快乐；用……招待某人
entertain sb (to sth) 宴客；招待；款待某人【归纳拓展】 他昨天请朋友们吃了一顿饭。
He his friends a dinner yesterday.
小丑用各种把戏逗孩子们。
The clown the children all kinds of tricks.
它不是一部非常严肃的电影，而是一部很好的娱乐片。
It's not a very serious film，but it's a good . 【完成句子】① ② ③ entertained entertained with entertainment toexchange
(1)v.交换，交流；调换，互换
May I exchange seats with you? 我和你调一下座位好吗？
He exchanged the black jacket for a blue one.
他把黑夹克换成了蓝夹克。
We exchanged our opinions about the event at the meeting. 在会上，我们就此事交换了意见。
(2)n.交换，交流
An exchange of opinions is helpful. 交换想法很有帮助。
Would you like my old TV in exchange for this camera? 用我的旧电视机换这架照相机，你愿意吗？2． exchange sth with sb与某人交换某物
exchange...for...用……交换……
in exchange for换取……
make/have an exchange 交换【归纳拓展】 【单项填空】
It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money________favors to them.
A．in preference to B．in place of
C．in agreement with D．in exchange for
解析 句意：作为政府官员，因为给人民做了好事就向他们索要礼物或者金钱，这是非法的。语境中提出“给他们做好事”和“索取钱财礼物”，这二者之间的关系用in exchange for来描述，表示“交换”。in preference to偏好，偏爱，更喜欢；in place of代替(某人/某事物)；in agreement with协调，相合，一致。
答案 Dbe close to接近，靠近
Our home is close to a bus stop.
我们家离公共汽车站很近。
He was close to tears.他几乎要哭了。
The children were warned not to be close to the fire.
人们警告孩子们不要靠近火。 1. (1) get close to接近
next to在……旁边；仅次于
(2) close v．关；关闭；结束；adj.亲密的；靠近的；adv.接近；靠近
close down关闭；歇业；倒闭
close up靠近；停业；(暂时)关闭
【温馨提醒】
close是形容词，to是介词后接名词、代词或动名词 【归纳拓展】 【对比网站】 close/closelyHe sat ________against the wall and listened to the teacher________.
A．close；close B．closely；closely
C．closely；close D．close；closely
解析 句意：他紧靠墙坐着，仔细地听老师讲课。close和closely作副词时，close表示具体含义，意为“位置接近的”；closely表示抽象含义，意为“密切地，仔细地”。
答案 D【单项填空】as a result结果；因此
The boy worked hard. As a result ，he passed the examination.这个男孩努力学习，结果，他通过了考试。
The rain had lasted for three days. As a result, we had to cancel the trip to Beijing.
雨一直下了三天，结果，我们不得不取消了北京的旅行。2． (1)as a result of作为……的结果，由于
(2)result from起因于
(3)result in(＝lead to)导致【归纳拓展】 【温馨提醒】
as a result单独使用作状语，多位于句首，用逗号隔开；as a result of＝because of 引起表示原因的短语，位于句首或句末。他醒来比平时晚，结果错过了头班车。
He woke up later than usual， ，he missed the first bus.
由于下大雪，她来迟了。
She was late heavy snow.
他生病是由于吃了受污染的食物。
His illness eating some polluted food.
这起事故导致两名乘客丧生。
The accident the death of two passengers. 【完成句子】① ② ③ ④ as a result as a result of resulted from resulted in It's an agreement between towns or cities of similar size and age, and which have similar features such as tourism, industry，culture and entertainment.它是那些规模和年代相似的城镇或城市之间的一种协议，这些城镇或城市间有相似的特征，譬如，旅游业、工业、文化和娱乐。
(1)这是一个长难句。主句是it's an agreement，agreement后面的介词短语between towns or cities……作定语；of similar size and age和which have similar features，是由and连接的两个定语，修饰towns or cities。
(2)本句中的of similar size and age是“of a /an /the same/adj.等＋n”．结构，该结构常在句中作表语或定语。1． be＋ of＋抽象名词
(1)“of＋抽象名词”可转化为相应的形容词。这类名词有value(价值)，use(用)，importance(重要性)，help，interest等。它们可用no，some，any，little，much，great等词修饰。
Each hour, each minute, and each second is of great value for us. ＝ Each hour, each minute, and each second is very valuable for us. 每小时、每分钟、每秒钟对我们来说都很宝贵。 【归纳拓展】 (2)“of＋抽象名词”没有相应的形容词形式，为了表明主语的这类特征，我们只能用“be of＋抽象名词”的形式代替“be＋形容词”结构。这类名词包括size(大小)，weight(重量)，height(高度)，length(长度)，width(宽度)，age，opinion(观点)，colour，price，kind，type，shape(形状)，way，quality(质量)等。这类名词根据具体的情景而变复数形式，也可在其前加冠词。
The products are of first rate quality.
这些产品的质量是一流的。
The Americans are of almost all colours and races.
美国人几乎包括各种各样的肤色及种族。 【单项填空】
The two boys are________.
A．same weight and age B．of same weight and age
C．the weight and age D．of the same weight and age
解析 考查be of＋n.结构，其中same前必须加the。
答案 DThis is because living with a foreign family for one or two weeks means that you have to speak their language，and as a result you improve fast.这是因为在外国人家里住一两个星期就意味着你不得不说他们的语言，这样你就会提高得很快。2． 本句为and连接的并列句，第一个分句中含有because引导的表语从句，且表语从句中又含有that引导的宾语从句。This is because...这是因为……
He is absent. This is because he is ill.
＝He is absent because he is ill.
＝He is absent because of his illness.
＝He is absent. This is because of his illness.
他因病缺席。This is why...这就是……的原因。(强调结果)
The reason why...is that... ……的原因是……
The reason why he was fired was that he was too careless.他被开除的原因是过于粗心。
He is ill.This is why he is absent. 他因病缺席。 【归纳拓展】 The reason________Spielberg couldn't go to the Film Academy was________his grades were too low.
A．that；because B．for which；because
C．which；that D．why；that
解析 考查定语从句与表语从句。句意：斯皮尔伯格不能上电影学院的原因是他的分数太低。第一个空可以填for which或why，在why Spielberg couldn’t go to the Film Academy这个定语从句中，why作状语，表示“由于这个原因”。第二个空填that，that在此引导表语从句。因为是要说明原因的内容，故用that来引导。
答案 D【单项填空】课件32张PPT。Ⅰ.单词识记
1．__________ n．一家人
2．__________ adj.拥挤的
3．___________n．居民
4．__________n．类似；相似Module2 Developing and Developed Countries Period Two Vocabulary and Listening；Everyday English；Function；Speaking and Writing 课件（外研版必修3，天津专用）crowded inhabitant similarity household 5．___________n．不幸的；遗憾的
6．________n．位置；所在地
7．________n．旅游业
8．_________n．交通工具
9．_________adj.工业的
10．_________adj.受到污染的unfortunate location tourism transport industrial pollutedⅡ.短语天地
1．________________生病
2．________________为自己
3．__________________情愿做某事
4．________________与……有联系；与……有关get ill for oneself be willing to do sth be connected with句型搜索
We can give money to make the drinking water safe.
[信息提取] make＋ 宾语＋宾语补足语 “使……处于某种状态”。宾语补足语用来修饰事物的性质或人所处的状态。
[例句仿写] 这个消息使他非常高兴。
_____________________________Ⅲ. 1． The news made him very happy.I don't think we have as many freeways as Sydney does.
[信息提取] as many/much...as... 意为“和……一样多”。
[例句仿写] 我收集的邮票和你一样多。
________________________________2． I collected as many stamps as you.Beijing is less dangerous than Sydney.
[信息提取] less...than...意为“比……少，不如……多”。
[例句仿写] 他比我胆小。
_____________________ 3． He is less brave than I.crowded adj.拥挤的
The buses are so crowded during the rush hour.
高峰时间公交车非常拥挤。
The computer room was crowded with students.
微机室里挤满了学生。1．How do you find it?
[信息提取] How do you find...？你认为……怎么样？
[例句仿写] 你觉得这本书如何？
___________________________How do you find this book?4． (1)be crowded with...挤满了……
(2)crowd n．人群；v.群集；挤满；推
a crowd of 一群；一堆
crowds of 成群的【归纳拓展】 There were large________of people in the streets on New Year's Eve and the central square was________with children.
A．crowd；crowd B．crowds；crowds
C．crowds；crowded D．crowd; crowded
解析 考查固定短语。large crowds of表示“许多的/大群的”，be crowded with表示“挤满；满是”。
答案 C【单项填空】similarity n．类似，相似
There are lots of similarities between the twin cities.
在这两个姐妹城市中有许多相似的地方。
Although there are some similarities between the two cities, there are a lot of differences too.
这两个城市虽有一些相似之处，但也有许多不同之处。2． 【归纳拓展】
similar adj.相似的，类似的
similarly adv.同样地，类似地
be similar in在……方面相似
be similar to和……类似【温馨提醒】
similar与to连用，same与as连用并且same 永远和the 在一起。
All eggs look similar，but no two eggs are quite the same，Leonardo da Vinci's teacher once said to him.
达·芬奇的老师曾经告诉他说，所有鸡蛋看上去相似，但没有两只鸡蛋是完全相同的。 【单项填空】
My train was 20 minutes late in the morning and there was a(n)________delay in the evening.
A．familiar B．similar
C．same D．equal
解析 句意：我乘坐的火车今天早上晚了20分钟，傍晚出现了类似的情况。similar“相似的，类似的”，符合题意。familiar“熟悉的”；same前要用定冠词the；equal“相等的”，都不合句意。
答案 Bunfortunate adj.不幸的；遗憾的
I was unfortunate enough to lose my keys.
我把钥匙丢了， 真倒霉。
It is unfortunate that you missed the meeting.
真可惜， 你没参加那次会议。3． (1)be unfortunate to do 做某事很倒霉
It is unfortunate that...不幸的是……；可惜的是……
(2) unfortunately adv.不幸地是；遗憾地是
fortunate adj.幸运的，吉祥的
fortune n．运气；命运【归纳拓展】 Several middle-aged passengers fell into the sea.________，none of them could swim.
A．As a fact B．Lucky
C．Unfortunately D．Natural
解析 句意：几个中年乘客跌落到海里，不幸的是，他们没人会游泳。as a fact作为事实；lucky幸运的；unfortunately不幸地；natural自然的。分析句子结构可知，这里需要一个副词，修饰整个句子，故排除B、D两项。根据语境，none of them could swim自然是“不幸地”，故选C。
答案 C【单项填空】①He who doesn't know what to do tomorrow is________.
A．fortunate B．unfortunate
C．fortunately D．unfortunately
解析 句意：不知道明天该做什么的人是悲哀的。unfortunate意为“不幸的，悲哀的”，此处作表语，符合题意。fortunate 幸运的；fortunately幸运地；unfortunately不幸地。
答案 B② be connected with...与……有联系，与……有关
This problem is closely connected with that one.
这个问题与那个问题有密切的联系。
I don't think Tom is connected with the murder.
我认为汤姆与这起谋杀案没有关联。(1)connect...to...把……与……连接起来
connect...with...把……与……联系起来
(2)have something to do with...与……有关系
be related to...与……有关系【归纳拓展】 Health problems are closely________bad eating habits and a lack of exercise.
A．connected with B．related with
C．connected to D．joined to
解析 be connected with与……有关，符合句意。relate 与介词to搭配；C、D两项都有“把……与……连接起来”之意。
答案 A【单项填空】We can give money to make the drinking water safe.我们可以捐钱来使饮用水安全。
本句中的make the drinking water safe是“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构。the drinking water是宾语，safe是形容词作宾补。 1． make＋宾语＋宾补”结构的常见形式如下：
(1) make＋宾语＋形容词/副词/介词短语
His gift made her very happy.他的礼物令她非常高兴。
Sit down and make yourself at home.请坐，别客气。
(2) make＋宾语＋名词
He was the youngest, but they decided to make him captain. 尽管他最年轻，但他们决定选他当队长。【归纳拓展】 (3) make＋宾语＋不带to的不定式(主动句变被动句，宾补变主补时要加to)
She made her children wash their hands.她让她的孩子们洗手。
(4) make＋宾语＋过去分词
We should not make our plan known to everybody.我们不应该让每个人都知道我们的计划。
(5) make ＋it＋形容词/名词＋(for sb) to do sth
He has made it a rule to get up early.他已养成了早起的习惯。 【完成句子】
(1)The news .
这消息使她高兴。
(2)Can you in English?
你能用英语把你的意思表达清楚吗？
【翻译句子】
(3)他们逼我把那故事重复一遍。(两种方法)
.
.made her happymake yourself understoodThey made me repeat the story或I was made to repeat the storyI don't think we have as many freeways as Sydney does.我认为我们的高速公路没有悉尼的多。
本句用了否定转换，否定词在主句中，实际上否定的是宾语从句，即“we don't have as many freeways as Sydney does”。句中as many freeways as是“as ＋many/much＋名词＋as”结构，该结构是as...as结构的具体形式。as...as在否定或疑问句中可换成so…as。
John plays football as well as David.
约翰和大卫踢足球一样好。
His bedroom is not as/ so neat as his sister's.
他的卧室没有他姐姐的整洁。2． 常见的“as...as...”结构：
(1)as＋adj./adv.(原级)＋as
(2) as ＋adj.＋ a(n)＋可数名词单数＋as
(3) as ＋many/much＋名词＋as
This is as good an example as the other.
这是和其他一样好的例子。
I can carry as much paper as you can.
我能和你搬一样多的纸。【归纳拓展】 —What do you think of French?
—In my opinion，French is________English.
A．a subject so difficult as
B．as difficult a subject as
C．as a subject difficult as
D．difficult as subject as
解析 “as＋adj.＋a(n)＋可数名词单数＋as”是表示同级比较的常用结构。答句句意为：在我看来，法语是一门像英语一样难的学科。
答案 B【单项填空】① The more I think about him，the more reasons I find for loving him________I did.
A．as much as
B．as long as
C．as soon as
D．as far as
解析 as much as在句中作状语，表示程度。as long as 只要；as soon as尽快；as far as 远达。
答案 A② How do you find it？你认为它怎么样？
How do you find...？用于询问对方对某人或某物的评价，find也可以用like来代替。
—How do you find/like the meal？这饭怎么样？
—Great! 好极了！
How do you find the weather here?
你认为这儿的天气怎么样？3． 类似的句型还有：
(l)What do you think of...？你认为……怎么样？用来询问对方对某事或某人的看法。
What do you think of your English teacher? 你认为你的英语老师怎么样？
(2) How/What about.？……怎么样？
How/What about having a walk in the park?
到公园里散散步怎么样？【归纳拓展】 —What do you________our manager?
—He is too bossy; I have never seen such a man.
A．like about
B．like of
C．find of
D．think of
解析 句意：——你认为我们的经理怎么样？——太专横了，我从来没有见过这样的人。由句意可知D项切题。
答案 D【单项填空】① —How about putting some pictures into the report?
—________ A picture is worth a thousand words.
A．No way.
B．Why not?
C．All right.
D．No matter.
解析 根据答语中的后半句“一画抵千言”可知对上文建议的肯定。why not“为什么不呢”在此是一种肯定回答，符合语境。no way决不；all right好吧；no matter不要紧，不重要。
答案 B
②
