课件58张PPT。 A natural disaster is defined as a natural hazard, which has a negative effect on human beings. Four natural disastersThough some of the natural disasters are geological, many of them are due to changes in the climatic conditions. Given below are some of the very important natural disasters.
Blizzard(暴风雪)
A severe winter storm is known as a blizzard. Strong winds, heavy snowfall and low temperatures characterize a blizzard. A blizzard that occurred in1888 killed over 400 people in the northeastern States. This blizzard is known Great Blizzard of 1888. Flood
A flood is a natural disaster as it is the death of human beings and animals.Crops are destroyed in the flood, which gradually results in increased food prices due to food shortages.In a flood situation, drinking water becomes scarce because water is polluted. ①Due to this, many diseases can spread.
Fire
Fire is terrible especially forest fire. Forest fire is also
known as wildfire. It is a natural disaster caused by a volcanic eruption or by human carelessness. Wildfire can threaten wildlife and the human habitation close to the forest. Earthquake
An earthquake occurs when the tectonic(地壳构造的) plates that form the upper crust of the earth collide or slide against each other. When the tectonic plates collide against each other, the stress is released.②It is true that animals can sense earthquakes before they occur.However, the behavior of animals cannot be used as a method to predict an occurrence of an earthquake.
①由于暴风雨所以她没有来。(due to...由于……)
②很可能他什么都已经知道了。(It ＋be＋ 形容词＋that...)
1．佳句仿写一二三 She didn't come due to the storm. It is probable that he has known everything.翻译佳句，放眼高考
Crops are destroyed in the flood, which gradually results in increased food prices due to food shortages.
庄稼都被洪水破坏，这也最终会因为食品短缺而导致食品价格的上涨。
2． Module 3 The Violence of Nature Period One Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary 课件（外研版必修3，天津专用）Ⅰ.单词识记
1．________n．灾难
2．________n．洪水
3．__________ n．闪电
4．__________v．经历，体验disaster flood lightning experience Ⅱ.短语天地
1．________________拾起，捡起；接收；无意中学会
2．________________脱下；起飞；取消
3．________________平均
4．________________有史以来
5．__________________做某事有经验
6．________________结果为……；以……结束pick up take off on average of all timebe experienced at/in end up 句型搜索
They can destroy houses，but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.
[信息提取] “leave ＋sb/ sth＋宾补” 表示让某人/某物继续处于某种状态。
[例句仿写] 不要让她在外面的雨里等着。
_____________________________________Ⅲ. 1． Don't leave her waiting outside in the rain.On average，there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year，causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.
[信息提取] 现在分词作结果状语。
[例句仿写] 昨天晚上，这家旅馆发生一场火灾，使得20人死亡。
____________________________________________________2． A big fire occurred in the hotel last night，causing 20 deaths.By the time it ended，more than 700 people had been killed and 2 700 had been injured.
[信息提取] by the time ＋时间状语从句，表示“到……为止”。
[例句仿写] 在教授进来前，实验已结束了。
____________________________________________________________3． The experiment had been finished by the time the professor
came in.预读理解
Fast Reading：Scan the text and choose the best answers according to the text.
Which of the following descriptions about tornado is not correct?
A．It is a kind of rotating column of air.
B．It is usually caused by a thunderstorm.
C．It can reach a speed up to more than 400 kph.
D．It can cause much damage to people，including deaths
and injuries.Ⅳ. 1． (1) How much damage did the worst tornado cause to the US?
A．It picked up cars，trains and even houses，and put them
down in the next street.
B．The fur of the back of many cats and the feathers of many
chickens had been taken off.
C．It caused about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.
D．More than 700 people had lost their lives and 2,700 had
been injured.(2) (3)Where was Charles Coghlan born indeed?
A．In Ireland. B．In Canada.
C．In New York. D．In Galveston.
(4)What are the causes of these natural violence?
A．The difference at mospheric pressure between two
areas.
B．The changeable weather in these areas.
C．The destruction of the nature by human beings.
D．Not mentioned in the passage.(5)What are the similarities between a tornado and a
hurricane?
A．They both occur together with strong wind.
B．America is the country affected often by both of them.
C．They both can cause a lot of damage to people and the
buildings
D．All of the above.
答案 (1)B (2)D (3)A (4)D (5)DCareful Reading：Read the text carefully and fill in the blanks.2． 答案 (1)Definitions (2)strong tropical storms (3)occur (4)Atlantic Ocean (5)Speeds of wind (6)At least 120 (7)Results (8)injuredexperience
(1)n.[U]经验；[C]经历
My teacher has much experience in teaching English.
我的老师有很多英语教学经验。
Can you tell me your experiences in America?
你能告诉我你在美国的经历吗？ 1． (2)v.经历；体验
The city experienced over 2,000 such incidents last year. 去年这座城市发生了2 000多起这样的事故。
He experienced a lot of difficulties (in) doing that work. 做那项工作时，他经历了很多困难。 (1)have an experience in在……方面的经历
have much teaching/working experience教学/工作经验丰富
from/by experience凭经验；从经验中(得出)
(2)experienced adj.有经验的，熟练的
be experienced in在……方面有经验【归纳拓展】 【温馨提醒】
experience常出现在单项填空中。作名词用时，作“经验”讲时，是不可数名词，如：rich experience；作“经历”讲时，是可数名词。如：a terrible experience一次可怕的经历。当动词讲时意为“体验，经历”，是及物动词。Although Robert has rich________in hunting，he had________frightening experience last Saturday—he was almost killed by a lion.
A．experiences；/ B．experience；/
C．experience；a D．experiences；the
解析 句意：虽然罗伯特有丰富的打猎经验，但是他上周六有一次可怕的经历——他差一点就被一头狮子吃掉。第一个空用experience 表示“经验”；第二个空后的experience 表示“经历”，此时它是可数名词，故其前须用冠词。
答案 C
【单项填空】cause
(1)n.原因，起因
Carelessness is often the cause of fires.
粗心大意常常是火灾的起因。
We should work for the cause of world peace.
我们应该为争取世界和平而努力。2． (2)vt.引起；导致
What caused the accident?
这个意外事故是由什么引起的？
What caused her to change her mind?
是什么使她改变了主意？
The child caused his parents a lot of trouble. /The child caused a lot of trouble to his parents.
这个孩子给他的父母带来了很多麻烦。 (1)the cause of……的原因
cause and effect因果关系
(2)cause sb sth给某人引来某事
cause sb to do sth引起某人干某事【归纳拓展】 【比较网站】 cause/reason①The________for the flood was all that heavy rain.
②Carelessness is the________of his failure.【选词填空】(cause/reason)reason cause That area was hit by an unexpected heavy rain，and it________a severe flood.
A．resulted B．caused
C．led D．made
解析 句意：那个地区遭受突如其来的暴雨袭击，并引起了洪水灾害。cause意为“导致，引起”，符合题意。result in和lead to也表示“导致”；make制造。
答案 B【单项填空】③ occur v．发生，出现；想起
The accident occurred yesterday morning.
事故发生在昨天上午。
It never occurred to me that she might be cheating on me. 我从没有想过她可能在欺骗我。
When he was working at Cambridge, a new idea occurred to him. 在剑桥工作时，他想到了一个新主意。 3． sth occurs to sb某事浮现在某人的脑海中；某人想到……
It occurs to sb that.../to do sth……的念头浮现于(某人)脑海【归纳拓展】 【比较网站】 occur/happen/take place/break out这四个词(组)都含有“发生”的意思，都是不及物动词，没有被动语态。【选词填空】(occur/happen/take place/break out)
①When the accident happened，I to be there.
②Should another world war ，what would become of human beings?
③Anything unexpected might .
④The wedding will on Christmas Day in St.Peter's Church.happenedbreak outhappen/occurtake placestrike
(1)vt.& n．打击，撞击
The stone struck him in the eye.石子击中了他的眼睛。
The clock struck twelve. 钟敲了12 下。
(2)vt.突然想起，猛地意识到
A good idea struck me.＝I struck on a good idea.
我突然想到一个好主意。
It struck me that the man was not telling the truth.
我猛地意识到那个人没说真话。 4． (3)vt.让(某人)觉得；给……以印象
I was deeply struck by the beauty of Shangri－La.
香格里拉的美景给我留下了深刻的印象。
(4)vi.& n．罢工
We are (going) on strike.
我们正(要)进行罢工。
The coal miners struck for better safety conditions.
煤矿工人罢工要求改善安全状况。 【比较网站】 beat/hit/strike①The rain was________against the window.
②A stone__________the little boy on the head.
③A second shot_____her in the back.
④The Chinese Volleyball team________Cuba by 3∶1 in the
opening game.【选词填空】(strike/hit/beat)beating struck/hit hit beatpick up
(1)卷起，拾起，拿起
The children picked up many seashells at the seashore.
孩子们在海边捡到许多贝壳。
She kept picking up magazines and putting them down again.她不断地把那些杂志拿起来又放下。
(2)搭载客人；驾车去接
The train stopped to pick up the passengers.
火车停下来让乘客上车。
Shall I pick you up at the station?
要我开车到车站去接你吗？1．(3)接收，收听(广播)
With my new radio you can pick up an American news broadcast.
我的新收音机可以接收到美国电台的新闻广播。
(4)(经济等)好转；恢复(健康)
The world economy is picking up. 世界经济正在复苏。
(5)偶然得到(学到、发现)
He has never studied Japanese；what he knows is what he picked up while living in Japan.他从未学过日语，他所懂的日语是他在日本居住时偶然学到的。【归纳拓展】
pick out挑选；分辨出；领会
指出下列句子中pick up的含义
①The phone rang and I picked it up.
② If you sing it several times，your children will begin to
pick up the words.
③I managed to pick up an American news broadcast.
④ My husband will pick you up in the car.
答案 ①拾起，拿起 ②(无意中)学会 ③收听，收到
④开车接take off
(1)去掉；脱掉；拿掉
Take off your coat and sit down.脱掉外套，坐下吧。
Could you please help me take the lid off the jar?
你能帮我打开广口瓶的盖子吗？
You should take your toys off the table.
你应该把桌上的玩具拿走。2． (2)起飞
The plane takes off in five minutes.
飞机将在5分钟后起飞。
(3)休息，休假
He took two weeks off in August.
他在八月份休假了两个星期。take away拿走，带走
take in收留，收养；欺骗；理解
take on 呈现出
take over接管；接任(职位)【归纳拓展】 Don't be________by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.
A．taken off B．taken out
C．taken away D．taken in
解析 take in “欺骗”符合句意。take off 起飞；脱下；take out 带……出去；take away 拿走。
答案 D【单项填空】on(an/the) average平均
On average，there are 20 boys present every day.
平均每天有20个男生出席。
It takes me two hours a day to play table tennis，on average. 平均起来，我每天花两小时时间打乒乓球。3． above the average在平均水平以上
below the average在平均水平以下【归纳拓展】 ①他的收入大大高于/低于平均水平。
His income is well .
②我们平均每天收到10封信。
，we received ten letters each day.【完成句子】above/ below the average On average end up 结果为……，以……结束
He ended up as the head of the company.
他最后成为这家公司的老板。
Our game always ends up in a quarrel.
我们总是以吵闹结束比赛。
If he carries on driving like that, he'll end up dead.
他如果继续照那样开车的话，早晚得死于非命。4． (1)end up as...最终成为……
end up ＋adj./prep-ph最终处于……状态
end up doing sth最终……(表示伴随动作，强调结果)
end up with以……告终
(2) come to an end结束
put an end to sth＝ put sth to an end结束……【归纳拓展】 ①我结果是在机场过的夜。
I the night in the airport.
②如果你不听我的建议，你最终会失败的。
You'll if you don't follow my advice.
③她朗诵了一首小诗结束了她的演讲。
She her speech a short poem.【完成句子】ended up spending end up in ailure ended up with They can destroy houses，but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.它们能毁掉房屋，却把里面的家具留在原处。
句中leave the furniture inside exactly where it was 是“leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，这里的宾语是the furniture，宾补是where it was。leave表示“使……处于某种状态”。1． leave的常见结构如下：
(1)leave＋宾语＋形容词/副词/介词短语/名词
Leave the door open and you will breathe fresh air.
让门开着你就会呼吸到新鲜的空气。
He went to bed straight，leaving the TV on.
电视也没有关，他就径直上床睡觉了。
Ted's parents went abroad and left him in the care of his grandmother.特德的父母都出国了，他由祖母照料。
His parents both died last year，leaving him an orphan.
他父母去年双双去世，留下他成为一个孤儿。【归纳拓展】 (2)leave＋宾语＋现在分词，其中宾语与宾补之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系。
Don't leave her waiting outside in the rain.
别让她在外边雨里等着。
(3)leave＋宾语＋过去分词，其中宾语与宾补之间形成逻辑上的动宾关系。
The bad weather left the project half finished.
坏天气使工程只完成了一半。(4) leave＋宾语＋动词不定式。
They killed the bison，cut off the skins and left the bodies to rot.他们把野牛杀死剥皮，尸体就任其腐烂。
(5)leave＋宾语＋where引导的地点状语从句。
Leave the medicine where the children can't reach it.
把药放在孩子们够不到的地方。【单项填空】
To buy some salt, the careless housewife went downstairs，________the fish________over the gas.
A．left；cooked B．leaving；being cooked
C．leaving；cooking D．left；being cooked
解析 由第二个逗号可知，第一个空要填的不是并列谓语，而housewife与leave为主动关系，故应用现在分词leaving；fish与cook为动宾关系，且强调的是“在下楼时”，正在进行的动作，故应用现在分词的被动形式。正确答案为B项。
答案 BOn average，there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year，causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.在美国，平均每年有800次龙卷风，致使约80人死亡，1 500人受伤。
本句中的causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries 是现在分词短语作状语，表示结果。
The football team played in all the European countries，making it famous.
那支足球队在所有的欧洲国家踢球，使它自己出了名。2． 【温馨提醒】
现在分词和不定式作结果状语的区别：现在分词一般表示符合逻辑的、必然出现的结果，而不定式常常表示出乎意料的、偶然出现的结果。
His parents died，leaving him an orphan.
他的父母死了，结果他成了一个孤儿。
I hurried to his house，only to find him out.
我急急忙忙地赶到他家，结果却发现他不在家。 【单项填空】
A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city，________all four people on board.
A．killed
B．killing
C．kills
D．to kill
解析 句中逗号后没有任何连词，因此不是并列谓语，可排除A项；C 项时态不对也可排除；现在分词killing可作状语表示飞机坠毁的结果，而不定式作结果状语时往往用only to do形式。
答案 BBy the time it ended，more than 700 people had been killed and 2,700 had been injured. 到这次飓风结束时，共有700多人死亡，2 700多人受伤。
本句中by the time作连词用，引导时间状语从句，意为“到……为止；不迟于……”。其用法为：
(1)如果其引导的从句用一般现在时，主句则用将来时或将来完成时；3． (2)如果其引导的从句用一般过去时，主句则用过去完成时。
By the time this letter reaches you, I will have left the country. 当你收到这封信时，我将已离开这个国家了。
By the time she was 15, she had written three long novels. 当15岁时，她已经写了三部长篇小说。 用动词的适当形式填空
①By the time we arrive at the area stricken by the
earthquake，the rescue work (start)．
②The experiment (finish) by the time the
professor came in.
③By the time you come here tomorrow，I
(leave)．had started had been finished will have left 课件25张PPT。Ⅰ.单词识记
1．__________adj.全世界的
2．________adj.积极的，活跃的
3．________n．/v.损失；损害Module 3 The Violence of Nature Period Three Cultural Corner 课件（外研版必修3，天津专用）worldwide active damageⅡ.短语天地
1．________________占据多大的面积
2．________________总共
3．________________总共cover an area of in all a total of1．In some communities, 60 percent of the population were killed.
[信息提取] population作主语时，若强调整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；若强调具体成员，谓语动词用复数形式。
[例句仿写] 世界上大多数人口没有足够的食物。
__________________________________________________Ⅲ.句型搜索Most of the world's population don't get enough to eat.The California Earthquake of the 18th of April 1906 is the worst earthquake that has ever happened in the United States.
[信息提取] 当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时，关系代词用that，且定语从句常用完成时。
[例句仿写] 这是我所看过的最好的一部电影。
_____________________________________ 2． This is the best film that I've ever seen.How many earthquakes happen in the world a year?
A．About two. B．More than 100,000.
C．About 400. D．More than 12,000.
How many people were there in the eight provinces in Central China in 1556?
A．800 million. B．830,000.
C．1,362,000. D．332,000.Ⅳ.预读理解1． 2． What did the most damage in the California Earthquake in 1906?
A．Fires caused by the Earthquake.
B．The Earthquake itself.
C．3,000 deaths in the Earthquake.
D．The movement on the San Andreas Fault.3． Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A．More than a hundred earthquakes occur worldwide in a year.
B．The earthquake happening in Shanxi Province in 1556 caused 830,000 people to die.
C．The California Earthquake only lasted to 5∶15 am.
D．In the California Earthquake the fires only caused about 3,000 deaths.
答案 1.B 2.C 3.A 4.B4． active adj.积极的，活跃的；活泼的
He is the most active member of the club.
他是俱乐部里最积极的会员。
She used to take an active part in physical labour.
她过去常常积极参加体力劳动。
He has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive.
他比任何活着的人告诉我们有关活火山的情况都多。1． be active in(doing) sth积极参加……
take an active part in积极参加……
activity n．活动；活跃【归纳拓展】 ①他是俱乐部的积极分子。
He is an of the club.
②他积极参加学校活动。
He school activities.
③她热衷于政治。
She political activities.【完成句子】active member takes an active part in is active in damage
(1)n.[U] 损失；损害
The earthquake caused great damage.
地震造成了极大的损害。
The accident did a lot of damage to the car.
这一事故把汽车损坏得很厉害。
(2)v.损失；损害
Smoking can damage your health. 抽烟会损害你的健康。2． 【归纳拓展】 do/cause damage to 对……造成损害【翻译句子】①2011年3月11日的地震给日本造成了极大的损害。
The earthquake caused great damage to Japan on March 11, 2011.
②汤姆遇到意外事故，把自行车弄坏了。
Tom had an accident and damaged the bike.in all 总计，总共
In all 830,000 people lost their lives.总共有83万人丧生。
The tickets we have bought number twelve in all.
我们总共买了12张票。1． after all 毕竟，归根结底
above all尤其是，最重要的是
first of all首先
at all一点也不(否定句)；到底，真的，竟然(肯定句和疑问句)【归纳拓展】 【选词填空】(in all/after all/above all/first of all/at all)
①He hasn't finished the work，but he has tried his best.
② she just smiled，and then she started to laugh.
③There was nothing to worry about .
④He loves music， ，classical music.
⑤He spent very little time at school，perhaps not more than a year .after allFirst of allat allabove allin alltake place 发生；举行
The story took place in a seaside village.
这个故事发生在海边的一个渔村里。
When will the football match take place?
足球比赛什么时候举行？
In 1919，the May 4th Movement took place in China.
1919年，中国发生了五四运动。2． 【归纳拓展】
take the place of sb＝take sb's place 代替某人，接替某人
take one's place＝take one's seat 就座
in place of代替 【单项填空】
After the accident，who do you think will________Susan?
A．in place of B．instead of
C．take place of D．take the place of
解析 句意：这次事件后，你认为谁将代替苏珊？take the place of sb.代替某人，符合句意。
答案 DIn some communities,60 percent of the population were killed.在一些地区，死亡率达60%。
句中的60 percent of the population 作主语。一般来说，“百分数/分数＋of＋名词/代词”作主语时，谓语动词要与of 后面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。本句中，百分数与population连用，更强调集体中的每个成员，故谓语动词用复数形式。
20 percent of the students are from Singapore.
20%的学生是新加坡人。
Two fifths of the land in that district is covered with flowers and grass.1． 【归纳拓展】
(1)have a population of某地有多少人口……
(2) 对某一国家、城市、地区的人口进行提问时，一般用What is the population of...?
(3) 对population 进行修饰时，常用big, large, small，而不用much，many 等。【温馨提醒】
population 作主语时，若强调整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；若强调具体成员，谓语动词用复数形式。
The world's population is increasing faster and faster.
世界人口增长得越来越快。
About 70 percent of the population in China are farmers. 在中国大约70%的人是农民。 【完成句子】
①中国人口超过13亿。
China more than 1.3 billion.＝China is a country more than 1.3 billion.
②中国人口众多。
China .
③该国人口因战乱变得越来越少了。
The population of the country smaller and smaller because of wars.has a population ofwith a population ofhas a large populationis becomingThe California Earthquake of the 18th of April 1906 is the worst earthquake that has ever happened in the United States. 1906年4月18日发生在加利福尼亚的地震是美国历史上最严重的一次地震。
本句中的that has even happened in the United States是定语从句，修饰先行词earthquake。 一般来说，当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时，关系代词用that, 且定语从句常用完成时。
This is the most beautiful scenery that I have even seen. 这是我所见过的最美的景色。 2． 【归纳拓展】
当先行词是物时，可以用that 或which引导的定语从句，但是下列情况只用that而不用which来引导定语从句：
(1)当先行词是不定代词all, much, little, few, anything, everything, none, nothing等，或先行词被all, any, few, no, little等词修饰时。
(2)当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
(3)当先行词被the only, the same, the very, the last等修饰时。
(4)当先行词中既有人又有物时。
(5)当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。【单项填空】
All________you said at the meeting has nothing to do with us.
A．what B．that
C．which D．it
解析 句意：你在会上所说的话与我们无关。先行词all属于不定代词，所以定语从句应用that引导。
答案 B课件28张PPT。Ⅰ.单词识记
1．________ adj.以前的
2．_________n．可能；可能性
3．__________n．地震
4．__________adj.吓人的；可怕的Module 3 The Violence of Nature Period Two Vocabulary and Listening；Everyday English；Function；Speaking and Writing 课件（外研版必修3，天津专用）previous possibility earthquake terrifying 5．________adv.幸运地；幸亏
6．__________adv.感激地；满怀感谢地
7．__________adv.满怀希望地；有希望地
8．________adv.伤心地；不幸地
9．__________adv.幸运地；幸亏
10．________n．警告luckily thankfully hopefully sadly fortunately warningⅡ.短语天地
1．_________放火(焚烧)……
2．_________着火
3．_________扑灭
4．take place________
5．from side to side________________set fire to catch fire put out 发生 从一边到另一边句型搜索
When the lava reached the sea，there was the possibility of a huge tidal wave which could flood half the island.
[信息提取] there is/ was the possibility of.../that...有……的可能。
[例句仿写] 今晚很可能要下雨。
______________________________________Ⅲ. 1． There is a good possibility of rain tonight. Unfortunately，there were several villages in its path.
[信息提取] 副词(短语)在句中作评注性状语，修饰后面整个句子。
[例句仿写] 我不幸错过了末班火车。
_________________________________2． Unfortunately, I missed the last train.ruin
(1)v.毁灭，毁掉
The storm ruined the crops. 暴风雨毁坏了庄稼。
The heavy rain ruined my painting.
这场大雨把我的画毁了。
(2)n.毁灭；废墟(ruins)
The ruin of the house was caused by a violent tornado.
一阵猛烈的龙卷风使房子成为一片废墟。
The hotel was in ruins after that big fire.
那场大火过后，旅馆成了废墟。 1． in ruins 成为废墟
fall/come/go to ruin 毁灭；崩溃【归纳拓展】 【比较网站】 damage/destroy/ruin续表①He was lucky in the accident，but his car was .
②On the night of August 23rd，a heavy storm hit the coastal areas，and almost all buildings in the village were badly .
③After the tsunami passed away，all the villages and towns were in .And no being was seen.
④John and Sandy argued all the time，which completely
the evening for the rest of us.【选词填空】(ruin/damage/destroy)damaged destroyed ruins ruined terrifying adj.可怕的；令人害怕的
He had a terrifying experience. 他有过一次可怕的经历。
The sight was really terrifying.那场面真可怕。2． (1) terrify vt.使恐怖；惊吓
terror n．恐怖；恐惧
(2) terrified adj.感到恐怖的；害怕的
be terrified of...对……感到恐惧
be terrified at...因……害怕
be terrified that...害怕……【归纳拓展】 【单项填空】
His________voice shows that he's greatly________.
A．terrified；terrified B．terrified；terrifying
C．terrifying；terrifying D．terrifying；terrified
解析 句意：他害怕的声音表明了他非常害怕。terrified表示人内心的害怕，可修饰look/expression/voice，表示“害怕的表情/声音”。terrifying look/expression/voice“令人害怕的表情/声音”。
答案 Awarning n．警告
The red light is a warning sign for stop.
红灯是警告停止行进的信号。
No one has given out a warning of the imminent danger.
没有人对即将发生的危险发出警告。 3． warn v．警告；提醒，预先通知
warn sb of sth提醒某人某事
warn sb against sth警告某人提防某事
warn sb not to do sth＝warn sb against doing sth提醒/告诫某人不要做某事【归纳拓展】 ①他被警告有危险。
.
②医生告诫我不要喝酒。
【翻译句子】He was warned of the dangerThe doctor warned me not to drink./
The doctor warned me against drinking.set fire to sth/set sth on fire 放火烧……；使……着火
He set fire to the dry grass他点燃了干草。
Who set fire to the house？(＝Who set the house on fire？)是谁放火烧的那座房子？ 1． on fire 着火(强调状态)
catch fire着火(强调动作)
make a fire生火
put out the fire扑灭火【归纳拓展】 ①他点燃了那堆纸。
He the pile of paper .＝He the pile of paper.
②昨天晚上这个工厂着火了，在扑灭火的过程中，一名消防人员献出了自己的生命。
Last night the factory .When the firefighters
the fire，one firefighter lost his life.【完成句子】set on fire set fire to caught fire put out ③The campers began to make________fire from the dry
branches to cook their lunch，which made their tent
catch________fire.
A．a；a B．/；a
C．a；the D．a；/
解析 make a fire 生火；catch fire 着火。二者都是习惯搭
配短语。
答案 D【单项填空】put out
(1)熄灭；关；扑灭
Be sure to put out the light before going to bed.
睡觉前一定要把灯关上。
The firemen soon put the fire out.
消防队员很快就扑灭了那场火。
(2)生产；出版
This magazine is put out every Friday.
这份杂志每周五出版。
The factory puts out 300 new cars a week.
这家工厂每周生产300辆汽车。2． put up举起；张贴；建造；支起；为……提供食宿
put off推迟，拖延
put on穿上；上演；假装
put through 使穿过；接通(电话)
put down 放下，使(乘客等)下(车)；写下，记下
put up with 忍受【归纳拓展】 【比较网站】 put out/ go out用介、副词填空
①Never put________till tomorrow what may be done today.
②Make sure that you put________every word she says.
③The forest guards often find campfires that have not been put________completely.
④We shall be happy to put you________when you come to town next month.
⑤He was not really angry. He was putting it________.off down out up onWhen the lava reached the sea，there was the possibility of a huge tidal wave which could flood half the island. 当岩浆到达大海时，有可能引起巨大的潮汐，淹没半个岛屿。
从句是复合句，when the lava reached the sea是时间状语从句，which could flood half the island是限制性定语从句，修饰a huge tidal wave。其中There is a/the/ no possibility of sth/doing sth表示“有/没有可能……”。
Is there any possibility of your getting to London this week? 本周你有可能去伦敦吗？There is a/ the/ no possibility that... “有/没有可能……”，其中that引导同位语从句，表示possibility的内容。
Take your umbrella because there's a possibility that it will rain. 带上伞吧，因为有可能下雨。【归纳拓展】 他今晚不可能来。
① .
② .【翻译句子】There is no possibility that he will come tonight.
There is no possibility of his coming tonight.—Is there any possibility________you could pick me up at the airport?
—No problem.
A．when B．that
C．whether D．what
解析 Is there any possibility that...有……的可能吗？ that在句中引导同位语从句，补充说明 possibility 的具体内容。that在从句中无实际含义，但不可省略。
答案 B【单项填空】③ 课件42张PPT。过去完成时的被动语态
构成
had＋ been＋过去分词Module3 The violence of nature Period Four Grammar：Past perfect passive & Indirect speech 课件（外研版必修3，课标通用）Ⅰ. 一、用法
表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的被动动作。该动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，这一过去时间可用by，at，before等构成的短语或when，after，until等引导的从句或通过上下文来表示。
The project had been completed by the end of 1990.
这项工程已于1990年底竣工。
The classroom had been cleaned before we came.
我们来之前，教室已被打扫干净。二、 1． 表示从过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的被动动作，该动作可能还要延续下去，常和for或since引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。
The sale had been advertised for several weeks.
这场拍卖会已经做了好几个星期的广告。
Much work had been done since she arrived here.
自她抵达这里后做了许多工作。 2． 用在含有被动形式的间接引语或宾语从句中，常放在像said，told, thought，wondered等过去时动词的后面，表示在这些动作之前已经发生的动作。
My classmate told me that he had been punished by his teacher.我同学告诉我他已经受到了老师的惩罚。
We all thought he had been killed in the plane crash.
我们都以为他在飞机失事中丧生了。 3． 【单项填空】
1．On hearing the news that her lost daughter________，the excited mother burst into tears.
A．were found B．has been found
C．would be found D．had been found
解析 句意：一听到丢失的女儿被找到了这个消息，兴奋的妈妈大哭起来。过去完成时表示到过去某个时间为止已经发生或完成的动作或行为。
答案 DAlice had to wait outside her house until her husband________，because she________her keys in the office.
A．returned；left B．will return；left
C．returned；had left D．returns；left
解析 在until引导的时间状语从句中，用一般时代替将来时，此处用一般过去时；“忘钥匙”发生在“不得不等”之前，用过去完成时。
答案 C2． Ⅱ.直接引语和间接引语
直接引述别人的原话，叫作直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话叫作间接引语。直接引语如改为间接引语，必须在语序、人称、时态和状语方面作相应变化。句型变化
陈述句
直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导(that在口语中常省略)。
“I will never forget this interesting lesson，”said Paul.
“我永远不会忘记这有趣的一课，”保罗说。
→Paul said that he would never forget that interesting lesson.保罗说他永远不会忘记那有趣的一课。一、 1． 疑问句
直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序(主语在谓语前面)，句末用句号，主语的人称、时态和状语也要作相应的变化。
(1)一般疑问句：直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词whether或if引导。主句中的谓语动词是said时，要改为asked。没有间接宾语的，可以加一个间接宾语(me，him或us等)。
He said，“Can you speak French？”
→He asked me if/whether I could speak French.
He said，“Did you see me last night？”
→He asked (me) whether/if I had seen him the night before.2． (2)特殊疑问句：直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来的疑问词引导。
“Where do you usually have lunch？” he asked me.
→He asked me where I usually had lunch.
(3)选择疑问句：直接引语如果是选择疑问句，用whether/if引导。
She asked，“Are you going there or not？”
→She asked me whether/if I was going there or not.祈使句
转述祈使句，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并根据句子意思在不定式的前面加上tell，ask，order等动词，其句型是：tell/ask/order sb to do sth，如果祈使句为否定式，在不定式的前面加not。 3． “Make sure the door is shut，” she said to her little son. “一定要关上门，”她对她的小儿子说。
→She told her little son to make sure the door was shut.她对她的小儿子说一定要关上门。
“Don't smoke in the room，”he said to me.
“不要在房间里吸烟。”他对我说。
→He told me not to smoke in the room.
他对我说不要在房间里吸烟。
将直接引语变为间接引语时，动词的时态要做相应的变化：
一般现在时→一般过去时
现在进行时→过去进行时
一般过去时→过去完成时
过去进行时→过去进行时
一般将来时→过去将来时
现在完成时→过去完成时
过去完成时→过去完成时二、时态变化三、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语也要做相应的变化She said to me, “I come here five years ago.”
她对我说，“我五年前住在这儿。”
→ She told me she came there five years before.
她告诉我说她五年前住在那儿。
He said to me，“I will see her next week.”
他对我说，“我下星期来看她。”
→He told me he would see her the next week.
他告诉我说他下星期来看她。【温馨提醒】
(1)在人称变化项目中，如果主句的主语是第一人称，则从句主语无需变化；如果主句主语是第三人称，则从句主语常有上表所示变化。
I say that you are right.
→I say that you are right.
She says that you are (he is) going tomorrow.
→She says that you are (he is) going tomorrow.(2)时态不变的特殊情况如下：
①直接引语是客观真理、谚语或名人名言时。
He said，“The earth goes around the sun.”
→ He said that the earth goes around the sun.
He said，“Where there is a will，there is a way.”
→He said where there is a will，there is a way.
②当直接引语中有具体的过去时间作状语时，间接引语仍然用一般过去时。
Mr. Wang said，“I was born in China in September, 1972.”
→ Mr. Wang said he was born in China in September, 1972.③当直接引语是过去完成时态时。
She said “They had left when I arrived here.”
→She said they had left when she arrived there.
④当直接引语表示客观的时刻表时。
He said，“The plane takes off at 6：30 a．m.”
→He said that the plane takes off at 6：30 a．m.
(3)如在当天转述别人说过的话，时间状语可不变；如果在当地转述，地点状语和动词 (come)也不必改变。
He said，“I'll be back tonight.”
→He said that he will be back tonight.【单项填空】
Anne sent an email asking me what I________from 3
p．m. to 5 p．m. the day before.
A．had done B．did
C．was doing D．am doing
解析 what I________from 3 p．m. to 5 p．m. the day
before. 为间接引语，它所对应的直接引语为what were
you doing from 3 p．m. to 5 p．m. yesterday，且直接引
语中有明确的表示过去的时间状语，故变间接引语时，
时态不变，仅需要变换人称和时间状语。
答案 C3． “Have you seen the film？” he asked me.
→ He asked me________.
A．had I seen the film
B. have I seen the film
C．if I have seen the film
D．whether I had seen the film
解析 如果直接引语为一般疑问句，变间接引语时，一般将其变成whether/if引导的宾语从句，故选D。
答案 D4． —“Please close the window，” he said to me.
—He________me________the window.
A．said to；to close B．told to；closing
C．asked；to close D．said to；please close
解析 直接引语变间接引语时，如果直接引语为祈使句，通常将其变为：ask/tell/ order /warn/advise sb to do sth 结构。故选C。
答案 C5． 去年夏天，在中国南方发生了严重的洪涝灾害，造成了很大的损失。请根据下面3个方面的内容，写一篇英语短文。
1．损失：农田被毁，房屋被冲走，很多人无家可归；
2．洪涝灾害的原因：下雨达数月，森林被砍伐，湖泊被改造成
农田；
3．补救措施：保护河边树木，重建堤坝，还田造湖。自然灾害类说明文【写作任务】【写作要求】
词数：120～150词【写作分析】
第一步：认真审题
1．自然灾害的说明文，描述时首先要说明该灾害的基本情况，然后根据需要选择角度，简明扼要而又重点突出地介绍，力求真实准确，恰如其分。写好自然灾害类文章的关键是实事求是、简明扼要。
2．自然灾害类说明文一般包括以下几点：灾害发生的时间、地点等；灾害的危害及其发生规律；补救措施；经验教训或建议。3．自然灾害类说明文的特点：
(1) 时态相对统一。多用一般现在时和一般过去时，有时为
了表达的需要会在个别地方采用其他时态。
(2) 一般采用客观表述，避免主观色彩。第三步：扩点成句
1．Last summer, a big flood occurred in the south of China.
2．It caused a great loss. Fields were ruined, houses were washed away and many people became homeless.
3．There are three reasons for the floods.
4．Firstly, it had kept raining for months.
5．Secondly, many forests had been cut down and the soil was washed away.第二步：提炼要点
1．a big flood occur
2．cause a great loss
3．three reasons
4．keep raining
5．cut down
6．turn into
7．take measures to do
8．rebuild and turn back into6．Finally, some lakes had been turned into fields, which seriously blocked the waterway.
7．Now, some measures have been taken to prevent floods from happening again.
8．The trees along the rivers have been protected. Old dams have been rebuilt and some fields have been turned back into lakes again.Last summer, a big flood occurred in the south of China. It was very serious. It caused a great loss. Fields were ruined, houses were washed away and many people became homeless.
There are three reasons for the floods. Firstly, it had kept raining for months. Secondly, many forests had been cut down and the soil was washed away. Finally, some lakes had been turned into fields, which seriously blocked the waterway.
Now, some measures have been taken to prevent floods from happening again. The trees along the rivers have been protected. Old dams have been rebuilt and some fields have been turned back into lakes again.【参考范文】【亮点展示】
1．文章很自然地分成三段，分别说明了中国南方发生了严重的洪涝灾害以及所造成的损失、造成的原因及补救措施，结构鲜明，行文流畅。
2．在陈述造成灾害的原因时，文章运用了firstly, secondly, finally这些过渡关联词，使行文逻辑严密。
3．被动语态的运用也是本文的特色之一。被动语态的运用恰如其分，说理显得有理有据。【写作模板】
常用句型：
1．灾害的发生：
There was/ is...in...
A terrible...hit/struck...
...happened/ took place/ broke out.灾害的影响：
Everything was destroyed.
Thousands of people were made homeless.
The disaster caused...deaths/injuries.
The disaster caused great damage to...
采取措施及建议：
When you...，you should...
If...，you had better...
Measures have been taken to help...
Luckily, the army has been sent to rescue... 2． 3． 主旨大意题主要考查学生对文章或段落中心思想的概括能力及对文章或段落整体构架的把握能力，它是阅读理解部分常见的命题方式。
主旨大意题的常见提问方式：
1．主题(Topic)
What is the topic of this passage?
What does the passage mainly discuss?如何做主旨大意题中心思想(Main idea)
What is the main idea of the passage?
What is the author's main point in the passage?
标题(Title)
Which of the following would be the best title?
针对主旨大意题，我们应有这样一种认知：答案一般都在短文各段落的主题句( topic sentence)中。所以，辨认主题句是获取段落(或文章)主旨大意的关键所在。2． 3． 主题句是表述段落(或文章)主旨大意的句子，它一般具有以下三个特点：
1．具有较强的总结性、概括性；
2．句子结构较简单，多以短句的形式出现；
3．段落中其他的句子必定是用来解释、支撑或扩展主题句所
表达的主题思想的。 阅读理解部分主旨大意题所对应的短文体裁多为论述文和说明文
1．论述文的主题句多见于段首，以文章的第一句居多，偶尔
也会出现在第二句、第三句。但如果是归纳或推理性的文
章，主题句又常出现在段尾。有时，为了反驳某一观点，
或对某一问题予以回答或解释，主题句还会出现在段落
的中间。解答说明类文章的主旨大意题时，应特别关注文章的起始段和结尾段，因为多数作者喜欢在文章起始时“开宗明义”，在文章结尾处归纳概括；更要对这两部分中具有高度概括性的句子多加注意，有时，它们中的一句或两句话就是文章的主旨。
在解答主旨大意题时，除了在文章中寻找线索和依据外，还要仔细斟酌四个选项。那些过于具体、只涉及原文细节的表述很可能是干扰项。答案应该是那些既具体又概括的表述，具体是说它只限于篇中所言，概括意味着文章的主要信息包括在其中。2． Generations of Americans have been brought up to believe that a good breakfast is essential to one's life. Eating breakfast at the start of the day, we have all been told, is as necessary as putting gasoline in the family car before starting a trip.【典例展示】 But for many people the thought of food being the first thing in the morning is by no means a pleasure. So despite all the efforts, they still take no breakfast. Between 1977 and 1983, the latest year for which figures are available, the number of people who didn't have breakfast increased by 33 percent from 8.8 million to 11.7 million according to the Chicago-based Market Research Corporation of America.For those who feel pain of guilt(内疚)about not eating breakfast, however, there is some good news. Several studies in the last few years show that, for adults especially, there may be nothing wrong with omitting breakfast. “Going without breakfast does not affect performance，”said Amold E．Bender, former professor of nutrition at Queen Elizabeth College in London，“nor does giving people breakfast improve performance.”
Scientific evidence linking breakfast to better health or better performance is surprisingly inadequate(不充足的)．The passage is mainly concerned with________.
A．a study of the Chicago—based Market Research
Corporation
B．one of life's essentials
C．latest figures of people who don't eat breakfast
D．breakfast and human health解析 作者一开始就指出：“Generations of Americans have been brought up to believe that a good breakfast is essential to one‘s life.”在第二段中，作者指出最新统计结果显示不吃早饭的人数在增加。接下来作者讲到“近几年的研究结果表明不吃早饭或许不会对人的健康造成任何影响，特别是成年人”。最后，作者指出吃早饭对健康有益并能提高工作效率的说法缺乏科学根据。综上所述，本文主要讨论的是breakfast(one of life’s essentials)，所以B项正确。
答案 B
