课件35张PPT。动词不定式
一、动词不定式的时态和语态Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia Period Four Grammar：The different types of infinitive Expressions with but＋infinitive 课件（外研版必修3，天津专用）若不定式的动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后，不定式用一般式。
I hope that I'll see you again.→I hope to see you again.
我希望再见到你。
若不定式的动作与谓语动作同时发生，并强调动作正在进行或持续进行，不定式用进行式。
I am very glad to be working with you.
我很高兴和你一起工作。 续表1. 2. 若不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前或强调动作已经发生，不定式用完成式。
I am sorry to have cheated you.很抱歉欺骗了你。
当不定式的逻辑主语与不定式是被动关系时，不定式一般用被动式。
The novel is said to have been translated into several languages.据说这部小说已被译成了好几种语言。3． 4． 不定式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。高考侧重考查不定式作定语、宾语和状语的用法。
不定式作定语
(1)不定式作定语通常要放在所修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的动作。
The weather will keep warm in the days to come.
在未来几天内，天气将继续保持暖和。1． 二、不定式的语法功能 (2)中心词是序数词、形容词最高级，the last/the only/the next或被这些词修饰时，用不定式作定语。
Zhang Jian is the first Chinese to swim across the Bohai Sea.张健是第一个横渡渤海的中国人。
He was the only one to finish the task on time.
他是唯一一个按时完成任务的人。 不定式作宾语
(1)有些动词只能跟不定式作宾语，如：agree，ask，aim，attempt, choose, decide, demand, expect, fail, help, learn, manage, offer，plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, hope，wish等。
I decided to buy a walkman to learn English.
我决定买个随身听来学英语。
His brother wished to win the first prize.
他哥哥希望获得一等奖。 2． (2)有些动词常用“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语，如：ask，wonder, teach, know, tell, see, learn, hear, explain, decide, show, forget, remember, discuss, find out等。
Mr.Smith didn't know when to leave there.
史密斯先生不知道何时离开那里。
I asked Professor Li how to learn English well.
我请教李教授如何学好英语。不定式作状语
(1)不定式作目的状语。强调时可用in order to do或so as to do。
To conceal my emotion, I buried my face in my hands.
为了掩饰我的情绪，我用手捂着脸。
The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.
公共汽车停下来以接送乘客。 3． (2)不定式作结果状语。“only＋动词不定式”常表示未预料到的、令人沮丧的结果；so...as to...，such...as
to...，enough to以及too...to...等结构中的不定式也表结果。
He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.
他搬起石头砸了自己的脚。
The house is so high and narrow as to resemble a tower. 这房子又高又窄，像一座塔。
He is too young to have seen the bloody war.
他年龄小，没有见过那场血腥的战争。(3)不定式作原因状语。主要用在表示喜怒哀乐等情感的形容词或过去分词后。
I am very sorry to hear that your mother is ill.
听到你母亲病了，我很难过。不定式的主动形式表示被动含义
在there be句型中，修饰主语的不定式，可以用主动形式，也可以用被动形式。
There is a letter to write/to be written.
有一封信要写。
但是，在不定式修饰something，anything，nothing等不定代词时，主动形式与被动形式表示不同的意义。
There is nothing to do.现在无事可做。
There is nothing to be done.现在没有办法了。三、 1． 当句子的主语是不定式的动作的发出者时，不定式同其所修饰的名词虽有动宾关系，也要用主动形式表示被动含义。
She has a large family to support.她有一大家子要养。
He has two essays to write.他有两篇文章要写。
在“sb /sth＋be＋形容词＋不定式”句型中，不定式用主动形式表被动含义。
The book is difficult to read.这本书很难读。
She is easy to get along with.她很容易相处。2． 3． but＋不定式
不定式在介词but，except，besides，other than后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do (而非助动词)的各种形式。那么这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则带to。
She could do nothing but cry.她除了哭别无办法。
I have no choice but to wait.我除了等待别无选择。
I had nothing to do but watch TV.
我除了看电视外无事可做。
She wanted nothing but to cry.
她什么都不想做，只想哭一场。四、 1． 当句子的谓语动词是can't，can't help，can't choose 等结构时，but，except，besides 后的不定式也省略to。
We can't but admire his bravery.我们只能敬佩他的勇敢。
I can't but tell her the truth.我不得不告诉她真相。
We can't choose but wait.我们只能等待。
She is such a lovely girl that I can't help but love her.
她是一个如此可爱的女孩，我禁不住爱上了她。
We couldn't help but laugh when we heard his story.
听了他的故事，我们忍不住大笑起来。
What could he do but forgive her?
他不原谅她又能怎么办呢？2． The ability________an idea is as important as the idea itself.
A．expressing B．expressed
C．to express D．to be expressed
解析 考查非谓语动词作定语的用法。句意：表达思想的能力和思想本身一样重要。express 修饰的是ability, 为主动关系，排除B和D表示被动的选项；ability作为一个抽象名词，通常使用动词不定式作定语。
答案 C【单项填空】1． Passengers are permitted________only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.
A．to carry B．carrying
C．to be carried D．being carried
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意：旅客只可以随身携带一件行李登机。permit sb to do sth允许某人做某事，句中是被动语态，passengers是carry的逻辑主语，用主动式，故选A。
答案 A2． Simon made a big bamboo box________the little sick bird till it could fly.
A．keep B．kept
C．keeping D．to keep
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意：Simon制作了一个大竹盒来养这只生病的小鸟，直到它能飞起来。make a big bamboo box的目的是为了keep the little sick bird，因此选D表示目的状语。
答案 D3． —Do you watch TV in the evening?
—I'd rather read than watch TV. The programmes seem________all the time.
A．to get worse
B．to have got worse
C．getting worse
D．to be getting worse
解析 动词不定式的进行时，表示动作或状态
答案 D4．
环保问题是摆在人类面前的一个严峻问题，为了保护好环境，世界各国的人们都付出了努力，请你就下面三个方面的问题谈一谈环保问题。
1．目前的环境保护还存在着许多问题。
2．为了保护环境，各国政府做了大量的工作。
3．我的看法。环境保护类议论文【写作任务】【写作要求】
词数：120～150
【写作分析】
第一步：认真审题
关于环境保护方面的议论文一般应该注意以下几个方面：
1．观点明确，论据充分，时态正确。
2．条理清晰，内容连贯；可以使用in my opinion，as is known，however，but等过渡性词汇。
3. 环保议论文一般按照“三段论”来写：介绍现象(提出问题)——提出相关应对措施——呼吁人们增强环保意识，自觉保护环境。 第二步：提炼要点
1．environmental protection
2．do harm to
3．cause diseases and death
4．protect the environment
6．play the most important role in7．in my opinion
8．take measures
9．realize the importance of environmental protection
10．make efforts
11．be punished
12．destroying environment means destroying mankind
themselves第三步：扩点成句
1．There are still many problems of environmental protection in recent years.
2．One of the most serious problems in the world is the serious pollution of air, water and soil. The polluted air does great harm to people's health.
3．The polluted water causes diseases and death.
4．To protect the environment, government of many countries have done a lot. Many steps have been introduced to control air pollution, to protect the forest and sea resources and to stop any environmental pollution.5．Governments are playing the most important role in the environmental protection today.
6．In my opinion, to protect environment, the government must take even more practical measures.
7．It should let people fully realize the importance of environmental protection through education.
8．Much more efforts should be made to put the population planning policy into practice, because more people mean more pollution.
9．Those who destroy the environment intentionally should be severely punished.10．We should let them know that destroying environment
means destroying mankind themselves.
【参考范文】
There are still many problems of environmental protection in recent years. One of the most serious problems in the world is the serious pollution of air, water and soil. The polluted air does great harm to people's health. The polluted water causes diseases and death. What is more, vegetation has been greatly reduced with the rapid growth of modern cities. To protect the environment，many countries have done a lot. Many steps have been introduced to control air pollution, to protect the forest and sea resources and to stop any environmental pollution. Therefore, governments are playing the most important role in the environmental protection today.In my opinion, to protect environment, the government must take even more practical measures. First, it should let people fully realize the importance of environmental protection through education. Second, much more efforts should be made to put the population planning policy into practice, because more people mean more pollution. Finally, those who destroy the environment intentionally should be severely punished. We should let them know that destroying environment means destroying mankind themselves.【亮点展示】
1．本文是一篇关于环保话题的文章，文章层次分明，结构严谨，而且很自然地分成了三个段落。让读者读后感到一目了然、一气呵成。
2．文章还运用了一些关联词语，如what is more, in my opinion等，使文章显得上下一体。衔接自然。
3．文章中短语和句式的应用较为丰富，如非谓语动词、被动语态、定语从句、宾语从句等高级句式的应用为文章增添了色彩。【写作模板】
常用词汇
1．deal with，think of a way，burn up，put out，poisonous，in order to，the proper way，solve，do good to，white pollution等。
2．and，then，thus，but，in my opinion，as is known，on the other hand等过渡词。
常见句型
Air pollution has become a danger to people's life.
Environmental problems are becoming more and more serious all over the world.One major environmental problem is...
...is harmful to us.
There are several reasons for this.
It has more disadvantages than advantages.
Trees play an important role in our life.
We should take some effective measures.
We should try our best to overcome the difficulties.
We should solve the problems that we are faced with.
From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that...
In order to reduce air pollution，we had better...
In order to solve the problem，we should... 在英语学习中，我们自然会遇到许多生词。这时，很多人总是立即翻阅字典，查找词义。其实，这种做法是不科学的。它不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度。事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落之间有着一定的关系。因此我们可以利用语境(各种已知信息)推测、判断某些生词的词义。猜词秘诀之一由句意可知，anthropology就是“研究人类的科学”。
In slang the term jam constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation.
同样，由语境可知jam 一词在俚语中的意思是“困境”。
定义句的谓语动词多为：be，mean，deal with，be considered，to be，refer to，be called, be known as, define, represent等。 猜测词义时，可利用以下方法：
【针对性解释】
针对性解释是作者为了更好地表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等所作出的解释。这些解释提供的信息具有较强的针对性，利用它们猜测词义比较容易。
1．根据定义猜测词义：
如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本
身就是推断词义。如：
Anthropology is the scientific study of man.根据复述猜测词义：
虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是它提供的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。复述部分可以是单词、短语或句子。如：
Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read widely.
句中两个逗号间的部分意为“对词义的研究”。该部分与前面的生词semantics是同位关系，因此我们不难猜出semantics指“语义学”。2． 在复述中构成同位关系的两部分多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号和括号等。如：
Capacitance, or the ability to store electric charge, is one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits.
由同位关系我们很快能猜出生词capacitance的词义——电容量。
需要注意的是：同位语前还常有or，similarly，that is to say，in other words，namely，or other，say等。 课件54张PPT。 Everyone tries to get to school on time.But when bad weather gives you trouble, can you still make it before the bell rings?
In northern China during spring, big sandstorms often make trouble for students and everyone else.The sand is back“When we had a sandstorm last week，I had to get up half an hour earlier so I wouldn't be late for school，”said Xing Wei，a Junior I boy at Yaohua Middle School in Tianjin.
Xing usually gets up at about seven and needs 20 minutes to get to school. But on sandstorm days, he needs 40 minutes. When the sky is dark with sand, buses and cars all move much more slowly. Sometimes, people can't even see for 200 meters. Sandstorms usually happen in spring. This year, sandstorms started in late March. They have happened in more than 10 provinces in northern China this year.① More than 70 million people have had problems in those places because of the storms.Here it comes again People in southern China don't have to worry about this kind of bad weather. Most of the sand comes from Gansu and Inner Mongolia. In northern China, lots of places have few trees and don't get much rain. People there have been cutting down too many trees. When there aren't many trees，the ground can't keep enough water. Over the years, the ground dries up and turns to sand. When spring comes and the ice melts, the ground becomes looser. Strong winds take the loose sand into the sky.Sandstorms are bad for people's health. If people breathe too much sand, they could cough or have asthma(哮喘)．
Sandstorms also give farmers lots of problems. Sometimes their sheep get lost in the storms and never get back home. The winds also tear farmers' houses down.
What can you do to stop sandstorms? Here's an idea: Ask your parents to help you plant some trees this spring.
②If you see people cutting down too many trees, tell them about the dangers of sandstorms, andyou’re your government to stop them from cutting.①因为交通堵塞他上班迟到了。(because of＋名词/代词)
.
②昨天我见他正在花园里干活。(see＋ 宾语＋现在分词)
.
翻译佳句，放眼高考
Everyone tries to get to school on time. But when bad weather gives you trouble, can you still make it before the bell rings?
1．佳句仿写一二三 Because of the traffic jam he was late for workI saw him working in the garden yesterday2． 每个人都尽力按时到校上课。但是当恶劣的天气给你带来麻烦的时候，你是否还能在上课铃之前赶到？Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia Period One Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary（外研版必修3，天津专用）Ⅰ.单词识记
1．__________adj.吓人的，可怕的
2．________adj.大量的；大规模的
3．_________n．战役；活动
4．________n．过程；进程frightened mass campaign process 5．________n．公民；市民
6．________n．沙尘，灰尘
7．________v．预报，预告
8．________n．力量，力气
9．________v．骑自行车citizen dust forecast strength cycleⅡ.短语天地
1．________________砍倒
2．________________突然遭遇(风暴等)
3．________________由于
4．________________认识到，意识到
5．______________________阻止某人做某事
6．________________一个接一个地cut down be/get caught in as a result ofwake up to prevent sb from doing sth one after anotherThey are often so thick that you cannot see the sun, and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes.
[信息提取] so＋adj./adv.＋that...如此……以至于……。that引导结果状语从句。
[例句仿写] 他说话的声音那么大以至于另一个房间的人也能听到。
___________________________________________________ Ⅲ.句型搜索1． He spoke so loudly that the people in the next room could
hear him.To have been caught in a sandstorm was a terrible experience.
[信息提取] to have been caught in a sandstorm是动词不定式作主语，表示具体的某一件事。
[例句仿写] 掌握一门语言不是一件容易的事。
____________________________________________ 2． To master a foreign language is not an easy thing.Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of “desertification”．
[信息提取] appear to do/ to have done (＝It appears that...)看起来/看起来已经……
[例句仿写] 她似乎是感冒了。
_________________________________ 3． She appears to have caught a cold.The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see.
[信息提取] make＋it＋adj./n.＋to do...，其中it是形式宾语，形容词或名词作宾补，不定式是真正的宾语。
[例句仿写] 这个年轻人认为当一名导游是很有趣的事。
________________________________________________ 4． The young man considers it interesting to be a guide.Fast Reading：Scan the text and choose the best answers according to the text.
What is the best description about a sandstorm according
to the passage?
A．It is a major disaster for many Asian countries for
centuries.
B．It's strong wind carrying sand.
C．It is a way to cause land to become desert.
D．It's a kind of natural disaster that can't be treated.Ⅳ.预读理解1． (1)What is the main reason for the increase of sandstorm in China recently?
A．To be close to many deserts.
B．The worsening of the weather in China.
C．The result of desertification.
D．People cutting down trees and digging up grass.(2) What is the influence of the sandstorm?
A．An orange sky and traffic moving very slowly.
B．An orange sky traffic moving slowly，strong winds cover
the city in a thick brown-yellow dust.
C．Traffic moving very fast to avoid the sandstorm.
D．Strong winds stop the traffic.(3)What is the good suggestion when people meet sandstorm?
A．Not going out.
B．If you go out，just wear thick clothes.
C．When going out，wear a mask.
D．Never go out just stay home.(4) What is the best way to avoid the effects from the sandstorm?
A．To live far away from deserts.
B．To stay at home when a sandstorm happens.
C．To wear mask if you want to go out.
D．To plant more trees.
答案 (1)B (2)C (3)B (4)C (5)D
(5) Careful Reading：Read the text carefully and fill in the blanks.2． 答案 (1)major (2)solve (3)What (4)thick (5)move sand dunes (6)How (7)desertification (8)affected
(9)strength (10)coming nearer frightening adj.吓人的，令人害怕的
It is frightening to be cycling in a sandstorm.
在沙尘暴中骑单车太可怕了。
I kept having frightening dreams all night.
整个晚上我不断地做噩梦。 1．【归纳拓展】
(1) frighten vt.(使)惊恐
frighten sb into doing 吓唬某人做某事
frighten sb out of doing sth 使某人不敢做某事
(2) frightened adj.感到恐惧的；害怕的
be frightened at/ of ……害怕……；对……感到恐惧
be frightened to do sth害怕去做某事【比较网站】 frightening/ frightened【单项填空】
The film was so________that I was________when I saw it.
A．frightening；frightening B．frightened；frightened
C．frightening；frightened D．frightened；frightening
解析 句意：这部电影很恐怖，看了以后我害怕极了。frightening为形容词“令人害怕/恐惧的”，frightened为形容词“(自身感到)害怕的，恐惧的。
答案 Cmass
(1)adj.大众的；大量的，大规模的
Their latest product is aimed at the mass market.
他们的最新产品瞄准了大众市场。
The police considered it as a mass murder.
警方认为这是一次大规模的谋杀。
(2)n.大量；众多；堆
There is a mass of stones in the yard.院子里有许多石头。
(3)[pl.]群众
The masses have boundless creativity.
群众有无限的创造力。 2． 【归纳拓展】
masses of/ a mass of 大量；许多
the mass of 大多数；大部分
the masses 群众；平民
【温馨提醒】
a mass of/masses of后可跟可数名词复数或不可数名词，且谓语动词与该名词的数保持一致。
【单项填空】
I got________things to deal with in the morning，so I wasn't able to go to the flower exhibit.
A．a great deal of B．a large amount of
C．masses of D．a great many of
解析 masses of things 成堆的事，大量的事。a great deal of/a large amount of后接不可数名词；a great many of 后接“限制词＋复数名词”，如：a great many of the students。修饰可数名词复数时用a great many。故答案为C项。
答案 Cstrength n．[U，C]力量，力气；长处
Union is strength.团结就是力量。
1,500-meter race is his strength.
1 500米赛跑是他的强项。
I don't have the strength to climb any further.
我没有力气再往上爬了。
He hasn't got enough strength to remove that stone.
他没有足够的力气搬走那块石头。 3． 【归纳拓展】
(1)have the strength to do有做……的力气/意志力
with all one's strength尽力
(2)strengthen v．加强
strong adj.强壮的【比较网站】 strength/force/power/energy【选词填空】(strength/force/power/energy)
①The solar cell can turn the of sunlight into electric energy.
②If you drop something，the of gravity will pull it to the floor.
③He lifted the stone with all his .
④He has lost the of walking.energyforcestrengthpowercut down砍倒；缩减；降价
The apple tree was dead and he cut it down.
那棵苹果树枯死了，所以他把它砍掉了。
You smoke too much—you should try to cut down.
你抽烟太凶了，该少抽点。
I managed to cut the shopkeeper down to $100 for the watch.我跟店主打价，终于把这块手表降到100 美元。 1．【归纳拓展】
cut in插嘴，打断
cut off切断，阻断，隔绝
cut out剪除，切掉，删除
cut up切碎①他把树砍倒，又把它劈成烧火用的小柴块。
He cut the tree and cut it up for firewood.
②村庄被大雪阻隔。
The village was cut ．
③我们正在看电视，播音员打断了节目，插播了一条最新消
息。
While we were watching TV，an announcer cut to tell us
a piece of latest news.
④医生建议他少喝酒。
The doctor advised him to cut on drinking.用cut短语完成句子downoff(out)indownbe caught in 突然遭遇(风、雨等)
He was caught in a heavy traffic after work.
下班后他遇到了严重的交通堵塞。
I was caught in a heavy rain on the way to work.
在去上班的路上，我突然遇到了大雨。2． 【归纳拓展】
catch a cold患感冒
catch sight of...看见……
catch hold of 抓住；握住
catch up with 追上；赶上
catch one's eyes/ attention 引起某人的注意
catch sb doing...发现某人正在做……
①佩里小姐抓住我的袖子，把我拉了回来。
Miss Perry my sleeve and pulled me back.
②我突然在人群中看见了她。
I suddenly her in the crowd.
③汤姆在阅读我的私人信件时恰好让我撞见了。
I my private letters.
④我们的车被困在雪里五个小时。
Our car the snow for five hours.caught hold ofcaught sight ofcaught sight ofwas caught in【完成句子】prevent sb/ sth (from) doing sth 阻止……做某事
The accident could have been prevented.
这起事故本来是可以防止的。
Something must have prevented her (from) coming.
一定有什么事使她不能来。3． 【归纳拓展】
表示“阻止……做某事”的词组还有：
stop...(from)doing sth
keep...from doing sth【温馨提醒】
主动句中prevent/stop...from...中的 from 可省略，在被动句中from 不可省略，而keep...from中的from无论在主动句还是被动句中都不能省略。
The heavy rain prevented/stopped us(from)going out. ＝We were prevented/stopped/kept from going out by the heavy rain. 大雨使我们不能出去。【单项填空】
Sixty people were________from the burning ship, but a great many more were drowned when it sank.
A．rescued B．protected
C．prevented D．escaped
解析 四个选项都可与from连用。rescue...from...意为“把……从……解救出来”；protect...from...意为“保护……免受……”；prevent...from... 意为“阻止……做某事”；escape from意为“逃离；逃脱”，不用于被动语态。根据句意故选A。
答案 AThey are often so thick that you cannot see the sun，and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes.沙尘暴常常很浓密，以致遮住了太阳，有时风力大得足以移动沙丘。1． (1)本句中的so...that...意为“如此……以致……”。so是副词，修饰形容词或副词；that引导结果状语从句。
The girl is so lovely that everyone likes her.
这个女孩如此可爱，以致大家都喜欢她。
He got up so early that he was the first to get to school. 他起床很早，结果第一个到达学校。
There were so many people there that I wasn't able to pick her out. 那儿有很多人，我没能认出她来。【归纳拓展】
(1)so＋adj./adv.＋that 从句
so＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋that从句
so＋many/few/much/little＋可数名词复数或不可数名词＋that从句
(2)such＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋that从句
such＋adj.＋不可数名词＋that从句
such＋adj.＋可数名词复数＋that 从句【温馨提醒】
①so和such放到句首时，主句要部分倒装。
So excited was he that he could not speak. 他如此兴奋，以致说不出话来。
②当little 表示“小”而不表示“少”时，必须用such，如：such a little boy/such little boys；而当little 表示“少”而不表示“小”时，用so。如：so little water。(2)句中的strong enough to move sand dunes 属于“adj./adv.＋enough＋to do”结构。此处enough作副词；enough作形容词修饰名词时，放在名词前后均可，构成“enough＋n.＋to do”或“n.＋enough＋to do”。
He didn't run fast enough to catch the train.
他跑得不够快，没赶上火车。
This plastic bag is not big enough to hold so many things. 这个塑料袋不够大，装不下这么多东西。
We have enough time/ time enough to read the reference books. 我们有足够的时间来阅读这些参考书。【翻译句子】
①雨下的太大，我们不能回家。
.
②这个女孩如此可爱，以至于大家都喜欢她。
.The rain was so heavily that we couldn't go homeThe girl is such a lovely girl/so lovely a girl that everyone
likes her【单项填空】
③________to go to school must have their rights to get education in our country.
A．Old enough children
B．Children old enough
C．Enough old children
D．Children enough old
解析 old enough在这里作定语修饰children，故答案为B项。
答案 BSandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of “desertification”．近些年来沙漠化导致的沙尘暴在中国似乎有所增加。
本句中appear to have done为不定式的完成时，表示一个更早的动作，发生在主要动词所表示的动作之前。其中appear意为“似乎，好像”。
From her look, she appears to have known the truth.
从她的表情看，她好像已经知道了真相。
It appears to me that you are all mistaken.
我觉得你们全错了。2． 【归纳拓展】
appear用作系动词，意为“似乎，显得，好像”，常见用法：
appear ＋n./adj.
appear to do/to be doing / to have done 似乎要做/正在做/已经做过某事
it appears(to sb) that...似乎有人要……
there appears to be 似乎有……【完成句子】
①他显得很老。
He appears .
②他似乎感冒了。
He appears .
③我觉得有点不对头。
something is wrong.quite oldto have caught a coldto have caught a coldThe storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see.沙尘暴有时会持续一整天，并且由于浓浓的尘埃使能见度变低，使得交通变得非常缓慢。
句中的makes it difficult to see中的make是使役动词，意为“使某人或某物处于某状态中”，其中it为形式主语，difficult为宾语补足语，不定式短语to see为真正的宾语，其结构为：
make it ＋adj./ n．(for sb) to do...3． The heavy snow made it impossible for them to get there on time. 这场大雪使得他们不可能按时到达那儿。
He makes it a rule to recite a poem every morning.
他把每天早晨背诵一首诗作为一项规定。
feel/ think/ believe/ find/ consider＋ it＋adj./n.＋(for sb) to do / that...
I don't think it possible to master a foreign language without good memory.
我认为没有好的记忆力，掌握一门外语是不可能的。【单项填空】
The two girls are so alike that strangers find ________difficult to tell one from the other.
A．it B．them C．her D．that
解析 句意：这两个女孩长得如此相似以至于陌生人很难把她们区分开来。本题考查代词的用法。在that引导的结果状语从句中，谓语动词find的真正宾语是to tell one from the other，设空处需要形式宾语，而四个选项中只有it可以作形式宾语，所以选择A。
答案 A课件24张PPT。Ⅰ.单词识记
__________n．保护Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia Period Three Cultural Corner 课件（外研版必修3，天津专用）protectionⅡ.短语天地
1．________________照顾，保护
2．________________更优于；更擅长
3．________________运走；带走
4．________________浏览；翻阅；仔细检查
5．________________想出；想起
6．_________________________做某事有困难look after be better at take away look through think of have difficulty in doing sthThe garbage is then taken away and，if possible，recycled.
[信息提取] if possible是省略语，表示“如果可能的话”，完整的形式是if it is possible。
[例句仿写] 可能的话，她想跟我们一起去。
______________________________________ Ⅲ.句型搜索1． If possible, she wants to go with us.The “Green” movement tries to get governments to think seriously about the environment and how to look after it.
[信息提取] get sb /sth to do sth 意为“使/让某人/某物做某事”。
[例句仿写] 你无法让他明白。
_______________________________2． You'll never get him to understand.How is the garbage dealt with in Germany?
A．Thrown away. B．Burned up.
C．Buried up. D．Recycled，if possible.
When did the “Green” movement begin?
A．In 1970.
B．In the 1970s.
C．In the 1960s.
D．The passage doesn't tell us.Ⅳ.预读理解1． 2． Which of the following statements is NOT the responsibility of the “Green” movement?
A．To get the government to think seriously about the
environment.
B．To collect information about how industry is damaging
the environment.
C．To provide information of damaging environment to the
newspaper.
D．To stop the pollution activities.3． According to the passage，which of the following statements is NOT true________？
A．All the countries in the world are looking after the
environment best.
B．The“Green”movement has already spread all over
Europe.
C．The“Green”movement tries to get governments to think
about the environment carefully.
D．People in Germany are not allowed to burn too much
coal.
答案 1.D 2.B 3.D 4.A4． protection n．[U，C]保护
Her coat gave her protection from the rain.
她的外套使她免受雨淋之苦。
They took action under the protection of police.
他们在警方的保护下采取了行动。
【归纳拓展】
(1)under the protection of...在……的保护下
(2)protect v．保护
protect...from/against...使……免受……1．
①他的薄外套几乎不能御寒。
His thin coat gave the cold.
②尽量保护皮肤不受太阳晒。
Try to the sun.little protection againstprotect your skin from[完成句子]【单项填空】
③The white blood cells protect the body________disease
germs.
A．from attacking
B．from being attacked
C．from being attacked by
D．attacked by
解析 protect sb from (doing)sth保护……使免受伤害。根据句子知the body和attack之间是动宾关系，故选C项。
答案 Clook through 浏览；仔细查看
She looked through her notes before the examination.
考试前她匆匆看了一遍笔记。
You should look through your paper before handing it in.
交试卷之前你必须仔细检查一下。1． 【归纳拓展】
look for寻找
look after 照顾；照看
look into往里看；调查
look out当心
look up 查阅；抬头看
look forward to 期盼
look down on 轻视，看不起用look短语完成句子
①我们不应该轻视体力劳动。
We should not manual labor.
②他们在期待着她的来访。
They are her visit.
③已成立工作组调查该问题。
A working party has been set up to the problem.
④我有晚饭后浏览报纸的习惯。
I have the habit of newspaper after
supper.look down onlooking forward tolook intolooking throughhave difficulty(in)doing sth在做……方面有困难
I have much difficulty (in)solving the problem.
在解决这个问题上，我有很多的困难。
The difficulty we had in finding his house is that we didn't know the way.
找到他家的麻烦就是我们不知道去他家的路。2. 【归纳拓展】
(1) have some/great/no/little difficulty(trouble) in doing sth/ with sth做某事有/有很大/没有/几乎没有困难
(2) There is some difficulty(trouble) in doing sth/ with sth在某事上有困难
(3)with difficulty困难地；艰难地
without difficulty轻而易举地【单项填空】
The difficulty the couple had ________ their lost child was soon forgotten when they discovered her.
A．found B．find C．finding D．to find
解析 本题中含有have difficulty(in)doing sth结构。the couple had...是定语从句修饰先行词the difficulty。句意：这对夫妇在找到丢失的孩子后很快忘记了寻找时的困难。
答案 CThe garbage is then taken away and，if possible，recycled.然后垃圾被运走，如果可能的话，再被回收利用。
句中的if possible意为“如果可能的话”，是一个省略的从句，其完整形式为：if it is possible。在if, when, while, once, whether, unless等引导的从句中如果含有be动词的某种形式，从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it时，从句的主语和be动词可以省略。1． If possible，I will do everything to help you.
如果可能的话，我将尽力帮助你。
I will go to Beijing this week; if possible, I'll take my girlfriend. 这个星期我要去北京，可能的话，我要带着我的女朋友一块儿去。
He was knocked down while (he was) crossing the street. 过马路时他被撞倒了。【归纳拓展】
if so如果是这样
if not否则的话
if any如果有的话
if ever 如果有过的话
if_necessary 如果有必要的话①如果有的话，我们图书馆的小说也不多。
There are not many novels in our library， .
②你去我就去，否则我宁愿呆在家里。
I'll go if you are going. ，I'd rather stay at home.
③你说乔治是诚实的。如果是这样，那么是我看错了他，我
很抱歉。
You said George was honest. ，I had misjudged
him，and I feel sorry.
④如果需要的话，公共汽车会改变方向。
The bus will change its direction, .if anyIf notIf soifnecessary【完成句子】The “Green” movement tries to get governments to think seriously about the environment and how to look after it. “绿色”运动极力使各国政府认真考虑环境问题，并考虑如何保护环境。
句中的get 为使役动词，后接不定式的复合结构。get sb to do sth，表示“使某人做某事”，与have/let/make sb do sth表达的意思相同，但get 后必须接带to 的不定式作宾补，而have，let，make 后接动词原形作宾补。
We must get our teacher to join us in the party.
我们一定要请我们的老师来参加晚会。2． 【归纳拓展】
get的常用结构有：
get＋宾语＋adj.使……成为(某种状态)
get＋宾语＋to do sth让/使……做……
get＋宾语＋done使……被……
get＋宾语＋doing sth使……开始某动作
You must get the work finished ahead of time.
你们必须提前完成这项工作。
The lecture soon got us thinking.
演讲马上使我们思考起来。 【单项填空】
①The law that punishes parents for their little children's
actions against the law gets parents________.
A．worried
B．to worrying
C．worrying
D．worry
解析 gets parents worried 是“get sb＋形容词”结构，表
示“使父母担心”。
答案 AMy daughter often makes a schedule to get herself________of what she is to do in a day.
A．remind
B．to remind
C．reminded
D．reminding
解析 句意：我女儿经常制订一个时间表来提醒自己一天内要做什么。herself 与remind之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾补。
答案 C② 课件26张PPT。Ⅰ.单词识记
1．___________n．大气；大气层
2．___________n．环境
3．________vi.融化
4．__________n．污染Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia Period Two Vocabulary and Listening；Everyday English；Function；Speaking and Writing 课件（外研版必修3，天津专用）atmosphere environment melt pollutionⅡ.短语天地
1．___________________对……有坏影响
2．________________吸收
3．________________放出；发出
4．________________简言之；概括地讲
5．________________尽最大努力have a bad effect ontake in give out in a nutshell do one's best句型搜索
I couldn't agree with you more./ It couldn't be worse.
[信息提取] not/ never＋比较级表示最高级。
[例句仿写] 它再好不过了。
____________________________ Ⅲ. It can't be any better.concerned adj.
(1)关心的；担心的
She is concerned about your safety. 她担心你的安全。
She is concerned about her son's study.
她很关心儿子的学习。1． (2)有关的；参与的
He is said to have been concerned in the case.
据说他与此案有关。
Everyone who was concerned in the affair regrets it very much.参与此事的人对此都深感后悔。
【归纳拓展】
(1)concern n．担心，忧虑；[C]关切的事；vt.涉及，对……有关系；使关心，挂念；使担忧
(2) be concerned with/in 与……有关；与……有关系
be concerned about/for关心；挂念
as/so far as...be concerned就……而言/来说【完成句子】
①总统对这个问题深感担忧。
The President is deeply this issue.
②依我之见，这个想法真是荒诞至极。
，the idea is crazy.
③她最近的一部纪录片是关于青年人失业问题的。
Her latest documentary youth
unemployment.concerned aboutAs far as I'm concernedis concerned withurgent adj.紧急的；急切的
It's urgent; come quick! 非常紧急；快来！
She was speaking to him in an urgent voice.
她正急迫地跟他说话。
It is urgent that relief (should)be sent to the earthquake-hit areas. 急需将救援物品送往地震灾区。
【归纳拓展】
(1) It is urgent that...(should＋)动词原形
(2) urge vt.催促，力劝；推进，激励
urge sb to do sth＝ urge sb into doing sth 敦促某人做……2． 【单项填空】
The doctor________an X-ray test, and then, he could make a conclusion.
A．urged me to have B．urged me having
C．urged against D．urged on me
解析 由句意可知，此处指“敦促”我去进行X光检查(urge sb to do sth)，故选A。B项应为urged me into having, C, D两项不合题意。
答案 Acomplain vi.抱怨；发牢骚
We have nothing to complain about/of.
我们没有什么好抱怨的。
I complained to the hotel manager that the room was too damp.我向旅馆经理抱怨说房间太潮湿。
【归纳拓展】
(1)complain to sb of/about sth向某人抱怨某事
complain that...抱怨……
(2)complaint n．抱怨，牢骚，投诉3． 【完成句子】
①人们抱怨得不到足够的信息。
People they don't get enough information.
②她向我抱怨他粗枝大叶。
She his carelessness.
③他抱怨工资太低。
He being underpaid.complain thatcomplained to me aboutcomplained ofabsolutely adv.
(1)完全地；绝对地
You're absolutely right.你完全正确。
It's absolutely impossible. 这是绝对不可能的。
(2)[口] 当然，对极了
—Don't you agree? 你同意吧？
—Oh, absolutely! 噢， 当然！
—Do you let your kids go out alone at night?
你让你的孩子晚上单独外出吗？
—Absolutely not! 当然不！4． 【单项填空】
It is a fact that the world around us is________changing.
A．absolutely
B．constantly
C．definitely
D．immediately
解析 句意：事实上我们周围的世界在不断地变化。absolutely绝对地；constantly不断地； definitely明确地；immediately 立即。根据句意选B。
答案 Bhave an effect on/upon...对……有(坏)影响
Inflation is having a disastrous effect on the economy.
通货膨胀正给经济带来灾难性的影响。
Alcoholic drink can have a bad effect on your body.
含酒精的饮料对你的身体会有很坏的影响。
【归纳拓展】
in effect有效；在实施中
take effect 生效，起作用
bring/put/carry...into effect实行；使生效
come/ go into effect 开始生效；开始实施1． 用effect的短语填空
①The new system will soon .
②Some ancient laws are still now.
③Do you know when the law will ?be put/brought/carried into effectin effecttake effecttake in吸收；理解；欺骗
This kind of cloth takes in water easily.
这种布料吸水性很好。
Don't believe him—he'll try to take you in.
别相信他——他会骗你的。
I found it easy to take in what the teacher had taught.
我发现很容易就能明白老师讲的内容。2． 【归纳拓展】
take away拿走；使离开
take down记下来；拆掉
take off起飞；脱下；请假
take on呈现；雇佣
take over接收，接管，取代
take up占去，占据；开始；从事
take out拿出去，拔掉用适当的介词或副词填空
①Don't let yourself be taken by his tricks.
② Who will take the company when you retired?
③ Please speak slowly so that I can take your name and
address.
④ The city has taken a new look.inoverdownongive out 发出(光、热、声音、气体等)；分发；发表；用完
The sun gives out light and heat to the earth.
太阳给大地以光和热。
Please give out the examination papers. 请把试卷发下去。
After a month their food supplies gave out.
过了一个月，他们的食物已消耗殆尽。3． 【归纳拓展】
give in让步；投降；上交
give away赠送；泄露；出卖
give back送还；使恢复
give up 投降；放弃
give off发出(气味，光等)
【温馨提醒】
表示“用光，用尽”时，give out，run out是不及物动词短语，不可用于被动结构，也不接宾语。use up，run out of是及物动词短语，可接宾语。【单项填空】
The news of the major's coming to our school for a visit was __________on the radio yesterday.
A．turned out
B．found out
C．given out
D．carried out
解析 句意：市长要来我们学校参观的消息昨天在收音机上公布了。give out有“发布，公布”之意。
答案 C
in a nutshell 简言之；概括地讲
That，in a nutshell，is what we're doing.
简单地说，那就是我们正在干的事情。
There is a lot I could say about the lecture, but in a nutshell, it is bad. 我对这个演讲有很多的评论，但用一句话概括就是：它糟透了。4． 【归纳拓展】
in a/one word 简言之，总之，一句话
in short 总之，简单地说，总而言之
on the whole 总的看来，总体而言
in brief/ to be brief 简言之
all in all 总的说来；总之
in conclusion 总之；最后【单项填空】
________， I'm coming tonight only to inform you of the date of the meeting.
A．As a result B．In general
C．In a nutshell D．In all
解析 句意：简言之，我今晚来就是为了通知你会议的日期。as a result因此；in general总地来说； in a nutshell简言之；in all 总共。根据句意选C。
答案 CI couldn't agree with you more.我非常同意你的观点。/It couldn't be worse.再糟不过了。
这两个句式都是比较级与否定词连用表示最高级的意思，意为“非常……；再没有比……更……的了”。
I couldn't have found a better restaurant.
那是我找到的最好的一家餐馆了。
What a wonderful novel！I have never read a more moving one. 多么好的一部小说呀！我从来没有读过比这部更感人的小说了。
You couldn't have bought me a better present.
你不可能为我买到一份比这更好的礼物了。【归纳拓展】
can't/couldn't ...＋ too＋adj./adv.无论……都不为过
can't/couldn't...＋adj./adv.＋enough无论……都不为过/都不过分
You can't be careful enough when driving.
你开车时怎样小心都不为过。
You cannot praise him too much.
你再怎样称赞他都不过分。 【单项填空】
—How was your recent trip to Sichuan?
—I've never had________one before.
A．a pleasant B．a more pleasant
C．a most pleasant D．the most pleasant
解析 句意：——你最近去四川的旅行怎么样？——这是我所有旅行中最愉快的一次。考查形容词的比较级。“否定形式＋比较级”等同于最高级。根据语境可知此处用比较级与句中的never结合表示最高级。
答案 B
