2023届湖南省部分市高三英语3月模拟试题分类汇编：阅读理解（含答案）

2023届湖南省部分市高三英语3月模拟试题分类汇编
阅读理解
2023届湖南省衡阳市高三第二次联考（二模）英语试题
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Haven’t appreciated art for a longtime Don’t worry, National Centre for the Performing Arts (NCPA) has arranged something really amazing for you. Let’s check what’s on!
Flower Rain on the Silk Road
Place: Opera House
Time: January 23-27,19:00-20:30
Price: 60-880(click here for specific price for different seats)
About: A classical Chinese dance drama which is to celebrate China-foreign friendship that carries forward the Silk Road spirit of friendly commercial inter-action and win-win cooperation.
The Unicorn Purse
Place: Main Theatre
Time: January 23,19:30-20:30
Price: 160-600(click here for specific price for different seats)
About: Jingju, or Beijing Opera; an interesting story about how a man named Yang Yanzhao saves the princess and marries her in Liao Dynasty.
Minimalist Creation
Place: Multi-functional Theatre
Time: January 25-27,14:30-15:30,19:30-20:30
Price: 328
About: Magic performances with the unexpected combinations such as, a plastic bag, a plastic pipe, and other common items in daily life, which will make children have a period of warm and fun time.
New Year’s Concert of Beijing
Place: Concert Hall
Time: January 26-27,19:30-21:10
Price: 100-600(click here for specific price for different seats)
About: Altogether 20 pieces of masterpieces, conducted by Li Bowei.
Kindly reminder
Except for some children’s plays, it’s not allowed for children with height of 120cm or under to enter the concert hall.
Box office
North Gate of NCPA, No.2 West Chang’an Avenue,Xicheng District,
Beijing,P.R.China
Tickets collection hours
9:30-19:30 on performance day
9:30-18:00 for days without performance
Booking line
+86 10 6655 0000
Booking hours
9:30-18:00(CST)Monday to Friday
Seating Chart
We make every effort to ensure the accuracy of the information. However, the hours, prices, and program details may vary due to last minute changes.
1. Which one is the most suitable for a family with kids
A. Flower Rain on the Silk Road B. The Unicorn Purse.
C. Minimalist Creation. D. Beijing Wind Orchestra.
2. How much do you have to pay at least to enjoy pure music
A. 60. B. 100. C. 160. D. 328.
3. Which information will not change before the beginning of a play
A. Contact ways. B. Lasting hours.
C. Ticket prices. D. Program details.
B
Learning how to do simple handwork is a great way for girls to combine practical skills and creativity. With schools and educators always trying to encourage more girls to take up STEM subjects (science, technology, engineering and maths) in high school and beyond, this could be the start of something special.
“My daughter always asks to help me when I get something from IKEA that needs putting together,” says Emma. “Normally, I don’t trust her to do much more than turning the Allen key a few times, but recently I bought two chairs and thought: Why not let them have a go My daughter Ruby did one on her own and was really careful and expert in it. It amazed me that she did a better job than me.”
If parents still aren’t convinced that letting their daughters loose with the family power tools is a good idea, just remember how much the local worker charges for a quick DIY job. This fun hobby might save the family a few dollars, or even broaden their daughter’s visions to a building, engineering-based career or study path further down the line.
“When I first used a saw (锯子), I was pretty sure I’d cut my finger off or something, but our teacher explained everything we needed to know and I star-ted off slowly,” explains Amelia, a 12-year-old girl.
“I’ve nearly finished making my bread board and I’ve brought some off-cuts home because I want to try and turn them into something using tools from my grandpa’s collection. I love building. It’s creative and challenging and really satisfying when it works!” Amelia adds. “I’m going to build a bird feeder for our garden next. I just need to ask Mum and Dad if I can borrow a drill and some nails.”
Hopefully they’ll say yes. After all, Amelia might end up building them a family house in a few years.
4. How did Ruby perform when putting the chair together
A. Less carefully than usual. B. As skillfully as an expert.
C. Beyond mom’s expectation. D. No better than her mom.
5. What will happen if a girl knows how to do a DIY job
A. The local worker will charge her less money. B. She will make a few dollars for the family.
C. It will prevent her from getting a lot of fun. D. It will improve her STEM-related ability.
6. What will Amelia do with parents’ permission
A. Make a bread board. B. Bring off-cuts home.
C. Build a family house. D. Make a bird feeder.
7What’s the main idea of the text
A. Parents ought to do handwork with their kids. B. Girls should be given chances to do handwork.
C. Girls share their stories about doing handwork. D. Kids are beneficial from doing some handwork.
C
Do you ever feel guilty for relaxing, even after you’ve worked hard all day Do you feel like you should be doing more despite working full hours and nearing burnout You may be experiencing productivity dysmorphia (生产力畸形). It is a way to describe the feeling of failing to recognize your accomplishments and wanting to continue doing more, even when you’re running on fumes.
Author Anna Codrea-Rado who wrote an article about productivity dysmorphia claimed “it is the pursuit of productivity that drives us to do more while robbing us of the ability to enjoy any success we might encounter along the way”.
Highly competitive and job-led culture contribute to constantly pursuing productivity that eats away at other areas of life. In fact, you’re often praised for putting productivity above your well-being. Remember how schools rewarded perfect attendance Similarly, companies prefer employees who get the maxi-mum work done while taking the fewest possible breaks. Rewards like these have strengthened that rest is bad and that being constantly at work is the right thing to do.
Plus, the problem isn’t that the boss tells them to do it, but rather that they internalize the need to always be productive even when they’re going some-where to enjoy leisure time. Habits like these may be born out of the social pressure to find self-worth in work achievements.
Some writers have even begun describing rest as productive, as if people should stop relaxing if it doesn’t improve performance in some way. Not only does this mindset make it difficult to view and celebrate your achievements, but it also pushes you to build your entire life around work. The only milestones that matter are achieving work goals. The worst part There’s no sense of fulfillment when you reach these goals.
8. What do the underlined words “running on fumes” mean in Paragraph 1
A. Tired. B. Excited. C. Satisfied. D. Disappointed.
9. Which is the reason for constantly pursuing productivity
A. Minor competitiveness. B. Pressure from jobs.
C. Instructions from the boss. D. Internalized needs.
10. Which may be an example of productivity dysmorphia
A. A man completes work in working hours. B. A man enjoys leisure time with his family.
C. A woman works everywhere at anytime. D. A woman stops for a relaxation regularly.
11. What is the author’s attitude towards the description of some writers
A. Favorable. B. Negative. C. Unconcerned. D. Neutral.
D
Living robots can reproduce on their own in a dish. This is not a science-fiction movie, but the result of a new research.
Xenobots, a type of tiny robot, were first created in 2020, using cells taken from the embryo (胚胎) of an African frog species. Under the right lab conditions, the cells formed small structures that could self-assemble (自组装), move in groups and react to their environment. Now, the researchers have found that xenobots can also self-reproduce, according to the journal-New Scientist.
Xenobots step over an unusual line. Are they living organisms or robots They are organisms because they are made of stem cells and can reproduce. But they are also robots because they can move on their own and perform physical labor, co-author Sam Kriegman told The Washington Post.
“People have thought for quite a long time that we’ve worked out all the ways that life can reproduce or copy. But this is something that’s never been observed before,” co-author Douglas Blackstone, a senior scientist at Tufts University in the US, told Science Daily website.
The ability to copy adds a new layer of potential function to the robots. Kriegman told The Washington Post that while xenobots are not yet commercially useful, they have the potential to offer a number of services, from cleaning up microplastics in the ocean to safely delivering drugs to a specific spot in a person’s body.
However, the creation of xenobots comes with concerns. Some think more advanced future xenobots, especially ones that live longer and reproduce, could out-compete other species, according to The Conversation, an Australia news media.
Researchers think these risks are manageable. “If you change the amount of sodium (钠元素) in that water to be too high or too low, they’ll die, ”Kriegman told The Washington Post. “If there’s a piece of copper, a kind of metal, in the dish, they’ll all die. It’s an extremely controllable, stoppable and safe system.”
12. What are xenobots
A. Robots first discovered in 2020. B. Robots from a sci-fi movie.
C. Organisms made of embryos. D. Organisms as well as robots.
13. What is the promising benefit brought about by xenobots
A. Promoting commercial products. B. Offering some household services.
C. Delivering medicine inside a patient. D. Cleaning up huge plastics in the ocean.
14. What can you infer from Kriegman’s words in the last paragraph
A. Xenobots die hard in water. B. Xenobots won’t pose a threat.
C. Xenobots are made of copper. D. Xenobots have a safe system.
15. What is the purpose of the passage
A. To inform us of the creation of Xenobots. B. To instruct people how to use Xenobots.
C. To warn about the danger from Xenobots. D. To settle the arguments over Xenobots.
2023届湖南省邵阳市高三下学期第二次联考（二模）英语试题
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Heading out of the Scottish Borders and west into Dumfries &Galloway, there are plenty of sights still to see on the journey.
GREY MARE’S TAIL
As one of the UK’s highest waterfalls, Rey Mare’s Tail is well worth a stop. Park up at the car park, and just along a short path, you can stand and admire this tall, natural feature as the water pours down the hanging valley. On the other side from the first path is a second path, following the path, and you’ll reach Loch Skeen, a beautiful glassy swimming pool of mountain water available for travellers.
MOFFAT
After you walk head to nearby Moffat for a short stroll around the town, you can have something to eat in one of the cafes or restaurants. If you’ve got time to spare, Moffat is Europe’s first Dark Sky Town, so as soon as the sun sets, you get a better view of the night sky thanks to the special street lighting.
WANLOCKHEAD
Take a drive further west into Dumfries & Galloway and you’ll soon reach the dizzy heights of not just the south of Scotland, but all of Scotland! Wanlockhead is Scotland’s highest village, which won’t come as a surprise once you’re there.
CRAWICK MULTIVERSE
Just a short drive from the highest village, is a good place to stretch your legs and see a different place on the area’s local industry. Crawick Multiverse has used landscape art to transform a former open cast coal mine into a 55-acre artland, visitor attraction and public space.
21. What’s special about Grey Mare’s Tail
A. Its water is the purest.
B. You can swim in Loch Skeen.
C. There is a famous valley there.
D. It’s the largest waterfall in the US.
22. Which of the following is the highest altitude in Scotland
A. Dumfries & Galloway. B. Dark Sky Town.
C. Wanlockhead. D. Crawick Multiverse.
23. Which column of the website can you read this text
A. Culture. B. Advertisement. C. Education. D. Travel.
B
The first essay I wrote for my history of English class was perfect, at least from my perspective. I had worked on it constantly and couldn’t wait to get my grade back. I handed it in with pride.
Two weeks later, I received my grade: a D. The pages were covered in red writing, pointing out errors. There must have been a mistake.
University started later for me than most. The opportunity wasn’t available when I was younger — too many kids in our family and too little money. But I never stopped wondering what university would have been like. I was in my 40s when I sent in my application and as a part-time student, I will be in my 60s before I’m finished. That’s my goal.
What’s it like to be the old guy in a class full of 20-year-olds It’s strange. They pretty much ignored me, and I ignored them. They also ignored each other. However, after we had more group work together, people started to communicate. Although I was an English major, some of my favorite classes were unrelated electives. Courses in art history and Greek and Roman history were fascinating. I was eager to do well.
I arranged a meeting to discuss my essay grade and arrived 10 minutes early to meet the teacher’s assistant. I was ready to argue for the brilliance of my paper. However, she quickly explained to me that the paper failed to make a strong argument. The mark remained.
While I kept studying and kept learning, I learned to love two dozen writers I had never heard of before and explored types of literature I had never examined. Eventually, I learned how to write an essay in proper academic prose.
University is different when you are a senior, part-time student. If you are there to establish a career or because your parents force you to go, there are other pressures. For me, it’s just learning. Whether I’m learning remotely or in person, it makes the world a bigger, richer place.
24. How did the writer feel after receiving the grade of his first essay
A. Hopeless. B. Pleased. C. Excited. D. Surprised.
25. Why did the writer start university later than others
A. His application was refused.
B. His teacher disliked his essay.
C. His health did not meet the standard.
D. His family was not rich enough.
26. What helped the writer in writing a proper academic essay
A. Strong curiosity. B. Constant efforts.
C. Great pressure. D. Remarkable creativity.
27. Which would be the best title for the passage
A. Practice Makes Perfect.
B. Not All That Shines Is Gold.
C. Where There Is A Will, There Is A Way.
D. Action Speaks Louder Than Words.
C
Our Planet Earth is full of life and has incredible biodiversity. Biological Diversity or Biodiversity is the base of human existence and fundamental to its well-being. Species are the building blocks of this life on Earth, and it is believed that the species that are at present globally found have continuously evolved over 65 million years since the Last Mass Extinction. However, the nature and extent of our planet’s biodiversity at all levels have not been completely evaluated yet. Thus, the exact number of species found in the world remains unknown. Over the years, with the advancement of scientific knowledge and the discovery of more new species, it has been approximated that there are, at present, 10 million to 14 million species on Earth, of which 1.2 million species have been data-based. This means that still more than 86％ of the terrestrial(陆生的) and 91％ of the marine species remain unknown.
Every year,taxonomists(分类学家)describe thousands of species,some of which are completely new to science, while in some cases, the species and subspecies are closely examined and determined whether they can be considered distinct species.
A study has revealed that over 99. 9% of all species amounting to more than 5 billion species that ever lived here, are believed to be extinct. At present, our planet houses millions of species, among which 86% live on land, 13% in the deep subsurface, and a mere 1% in the oceans. However, Biodiversity is not evenly distributed on Earth, and its number varies greatly on different continents.
The undiscovered and misidentified species slow our ability to understand patterns and changes in global biodiversity and the rate of species extinctions(灭绝). Even after several years of taxonomic studies, only 14% of terrestrial species and 9% of marine species have been officially added to the central database. Necessarily, some species will become extinct before researchers realize they ever existed.
28. What does the underlined word “marine” mean in Paragraph 1
A. Rare. B. Oceanic. C. Endangered. D. Novel.
29. What do taxonomists usually do
A. Examine distribution of species.
B. Compare species from subspecies.
C. Decide the situation of the species.
D. Describe diversity of new-found species.
30. Which of the following can describe the distribution of the Earth’s Biodiversity
A. Unequal. B. Accumulative. C. Average. D. Maximum.
31What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A. The central database covers all species.
B. The rate of species extinctions is rather high.
C. Many undiscovered species have been extinct.
D. Humans know little about endangered species.
D
If you’ve ever emerged from the shower or returned from walking your dog with a clever idea or a solution to a problem you’d been struggling with, it may not be an unusual thing.
Rather than constantly wearing yourself out at a problem or desperately seeking a flash of inspiration, research from the last 15 years suggests that people may be more likely to have creative breakthroughs or insights when they’re doing a habitual task that doesn’t require much thought — an activity in which you’re basically on autopilot. This lets your mind wander or engage in spontaneous cognition or “stream of consciousness” thinking, which experts believe helps recollect unusual memories and generate new ideas.
“People always get surprised when they realize they get interesting, novel ideas at unexpected times because our cultural narrative tells us we should do it through hard work,” says Kalina Christoff, a cognitive neuroscientist at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver. “It’s a pretty universal human experience.”
Now we’re beginning to understand why these clever thoughts occur during more passive activities and what’s happening in the brain, says Christoff. The key, according to the latest research, is a pattern of brain activity — within what’s called the default mode network — that occurs while an individual is resting or performing habitual tasks that don’t require much attention.
Researchers have shown that the default mode network (DMN) — which connects more than a dozen regions of the brain — becomes more active during mind-wandering or passive tasks than when you’re doing something that demands focus. Simply put, the DMN is “the state the brain returns to when you’re not actively engaged,” explains Roger Beaty, a cognitive neuroscientist and director of the Cognitive Neuroscience of Creativity Lab at Penn State University. By contrast, when you’re trapped in a demanding task, the brain’s executive control systems keep your thinking focused, analytical, and logical.
A cautionary note: While the default mode network plays a key role in the creative process, “it’s not the only important network,” Beaty says. “Other networks come into play as far as modifying, rejecting, or implementing ideas.” So it’s unwise to place blind faith in ideas that are generated in the shower or during any other period of mind wandering.
32. When do people expect to get an innovative idea according to the research
A. When doing routine work.
B. When working attentively.
C. When tackling tough problems.
D. When desperately seeking inspirations.
33. What is the cultural perception for getting exciting, unusual ideas
A. Getting by good luck.
B. Getting by great efforts.
C. Getting by unexpected accident.
D. Getting by universal experience.
34. Who is most likely to get a novel idea
A. A student who is playing football.
B. A student who is focusing on papers.
C. A student who is closely monitoring his research.
D. A student who is fully engaged in math questions.
35. What does the last paragraph imply
A. We can get novel ideas by the default mode network.
B. We should take the idea popped in the shower seriously.
C. Believe in ideas that are generated by the default mode network.
D. Think twice before putting ideas playfully crossing your mind into practice.
2023届湖南省岳阳市高三教学质量监测（二）英语试题
第一节(共15小题，每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A，B，C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
In honor of National Park Week, here’s a list of some of the striking features that you can find throughout America.
Petrified Forest National Park
Petrified Forest National Park is not necessarily a dangerous place…as long as you don’t steal the stones. The fossils (化石) are beautiful and somewhat look like precious stones, which makes them an attractive souvenir. But as with all National Park lands, visitors aren’t allowed to take anything from the site, including rocks, plants and animals. And for good reason, removing any of these items can harm the local ecosystem or degrade the geological features. Legend has it that taking a rock can bring about misfortune. Due to this reason, the park receives letters with returned rocks from people wishing for forgiveness for fossil theft.
Yellowstone National Park
Yellowstone National Park was the first-ever national park, established in 1872. With scenic mountains and rivers and an abundance of wildlife, Yellowstone is home to more than 10,000 hydrothermal features. These include hot springs, mudpots, and over 500 geysers formed from the 2.1 million-year-old super volcano hiding below Yellowstone’s surface. Visitors from all over the world flock to Yellowstone National Park for its geysers.
Mammoth Cave National Park
With tunnels stretching over 420 miles, Mammoth Cave is the world’s largest cave system. Nearly 10 million years ago, water began to swirl its way through the limestone bed, eventually shaping the cave’s massive tunnels. Inside the cave are the classic stalactites and stalagmites, but you’ll also find other unique formations.
Devil’s Tower National Monument
The origins of this unique rock formation is that Devil’s Tower once constituted the inside of a volcano. Eventually the softer outside rock of the eroded, leaving only the harder igneous rock behind. Among the local peoples, Devil’s Tower is highly sacred. Each community passes down legends of its creation, which typically include someone escaping a big bear and finding refuge atop the rock.
1. Why must the stones be kept in Petrified Forest National Park
A. The park is a dangerous place.
B. They are valueless stones in the park.
C. They can cause ecological and geological effects.
D. They will definitely bring bad luck according to the legend.
2. What is special in Yellowstone National Park
A. Amazing wildlife.
B. Picturesque scenery.
C. Old history.
D. Hydrothermal wonders.
3. Which park can you visit if you want to explore the legends of the creation
A. Petrified Forest National Park.
B. Yellowstone National Park.
C. Mammoth Cave National Park.
D. Devil’s Tower National Monument.
B
As a writer and game designer, I’ve spent most of the past 30 years trying to do various types of creative work while sitting or standing at a computer keyboard. The power of those devices has grown exponentially, enabling me with a click or a keystroke to create wonders that would have been unimaginable just a few years ago.
And yet I’ve been increasingly confused to realize that the productivity such as words written, problems solved, hasn’t increased one bit with the improvement of my tools.
For a long time I tried to talk myself out of this. I figured that if my computer time didn’t work efficiently, it was because I didn’t have the right software, or wasn’t using it right. I created keyboard shortcuts. I downloaded apps to track time I spent using other apps. Nothing changed the basic observed fact: I was still trapped in the state of low productivity.
For myself I’ve found that I spend the vast majority of my working computer time staring at the screen in a state of mind that ranges from “passive” to “somewhat productive, ” and in which a few minutes can stretch unnoticed into a quarter-hour, or a couple of hours. During this process, I cheat myself into believing that because I am at my desk, at my computer, I am therefore working.
It’s so easy to move words and sentences around in Word or Scrivener or Final Draft that it feels like writing, even if what I’m actually doing would rate only a 2 on the scale in which 10 is “getting an idea and writing it down. ” That is why I now keep my project notes and journals in actual notebooks. I’ve even switched to paper for my “to-do lists,” and cross off action items literally. It’s simpler and I get more done this way.
4. What do the underlined words “exponentially” mean in paragraph 1
A. Rapidly
B. Silently
C. Unexpectedly
D. Blindly
5. What does the author want to show in paragraph 3
A. He avoided facing the reality of his work habits.
B. He usually chooses the simplest way to accomplish tasks.
C. He is able to learn new skills and computer programs quickly.
D. He was proud of his ability to master the use of high-tech tools.
6. What can be inferred from paragraph 4
A. The author can focus on finishing the task at his computer.
B. The author may reduce working efficiency with longer screen time.
C. The author can be extremely productive when working at computer.
D. The author can work longer time with high efficiency at his computer.
7. What is the author’s current attitude towards writing down an idea by computer
A. Supportive
B. Indifferent
C. Unfavorable
D. Objective
C
At all hours of the day, white-aproned bakers occupy themselves in working in the Hot Bread Kitchen, throwing flour across butcher-block tables, filling metal trays with hand-shaped bread, and shifting steaming, fresh bread to cooling shelves. The only bodies at rest in this New York City bakery are pans with bread, waiting to be sent into the oven. The skilled bakers turn out around 25 varieties ranging from classic French baguettes to crisp Armenian lavash crackers-which they sell at farmers’ markets and gourmet stores.
But Hot Bread Kitchen is more than a bakery: It’s a nonprofit designed to give foreign-born women the skills and support they need to establish careers in the culinary arts. Overseeing daily operation of the place-and often rolling up her own shirtsleeves to involve in-is 35-year-old founder and CEO Jessamyn Rodriguez.
By mixing her lifelong passion for society with great food, Rodriguez says she has created her dream job. In 2008, Rodriguez launched the bakery in the small Brooklyn apartment she shared with roommates, hiring two immigrant women as her first bakers. “I was definitely breaking new ground, and we faced a lot of skeptics, ” she says of those early days. “But for every person who questioned it, there were five people who were interested in supporting us.” Today, Hot Bread Kitchen employs a staff of 35 and occupies a nearly 5,000-square-foot space in La Marqueta, a public market in East Harlem.
The women who bake and package Hot Bread Kitchen’s offerings range in age from 21 to ing from lands such as Haiti, Nepal, and the Dominican Republic, some have lived in the U. S. for as little as a year. Others, including production manager Antonia Garcia, who is originally from Mexico, have called America home for more than a decade. These women’s diverse homelands are reflected in many of the bakery’s products, like heritage tortillas and the wildly popular m’smen, a buttery bread.
The program has far surpassed Rodriguez’s original hopes. Since its humble beginnings, Hot Bread Kitchen has trained 27 women from 12 countries. They receive paid, on-the-job experience, as well as courses in bakery sciences, and English as part of a yearlong training program.
8. What does the first paragraph mainly talk about
A. Constant activity of skilled workers.
B. Varieties of fresh baked goods.
C. Many different types of equipment used in bakeries.
D. Difficult working conditions of bakery employees.
9. Which of the following can best describe Jessamyn Rodriguez
A. Adventurou1s and modest. B. Ambitious and gifted.
C. Hard-working and courageous. D. Devoted and stubborn.
10. How does the author establish the diversity of Hot Bread Kitchen
A. By describing the courses offered to employees.
B. By introducing the backgrounds of the employees.
C. By describing the bakery’s location at La Marqueta.
D. By introducing the bakery’s development since 2008.
11. What is the main idea of the article
A. Employees from diverse homelands produce various products.
B. The hardworking women have helped Hot Bread Kitchen develop quickly.
C. Rodriguez became a successful baker after establishing Hot Bread Kitchen.
D. Hot Bread Kitchen provides professional opportunities for immigrant women.
D
CERTAIN CREATURES-namely, bees-have evolved to be skillful flying builders. To assemble (组装) a nest, worker insects team up to do various work to the specification of a complex design that ends up being many times their size. This process takes months, many times longer than the average lifespan of all but the queen. Meanwhile the insects must adjust as they go.
It is these insect building teams that inspired Mirko Kovac, a roboticist at Imperial College London, to develop a way to improve the flexibility of 3D printing. A typical 3D printer is limited by the range of its nozzle (喷嘴), and can only make objects smaller than itself. Dr Kovac’s team has removed these limitation by using flying robots.
Dr Kovac describes a system of flying robots that is composed of two types of multi-rotor drones: builders and scanners. The builders carry the 3D-printing nozzle. The scanners are robots equipped with cameras that are responsible for monitoring the progress of the builders.
The building process alternates between builders and scanners, layer by layer, printing and adjusting, until a structure is complete. First, a builder remains suspended over its area of operation and begins to release a jet or rush of the building material along its flight path. The choice of material is important——it must be lightweight enough for the drones to carry but strong enough to hold the subsequent layers that will be built on top. Once the builder robot has sprayed a layer of material, the scanner robot flies over, inspects the progress. The system then computes the next layer that the builder should make, while also correcting for any errors that might have been discovered in what has already been built.
Because the flying robots can, in theory, operate anywhere, they could fix things in dangerous or otherwise inaccessible places. Dr Kovac says that his robots could be used to spot and seal leaks in oil or gas pipelines, repair leaky insulation or fix cracks on tall buildings. Thinking more long term, Dr Kovac even sees a potential future for his construction robots, building on the surfaces of the Moon or Mars.
12. Why does the author mention bees in the text
A. To become a theme.
B. To introduce a topic.
C. To give an explanation.
D. To analyze the cause.
13. What is the character of typical 3D printers
A. They can expand the range of printing.
B. They can make adjustment while printing.
C. They are more flexible than traditional ones.
D. They can make objects smaller than themselves.
14. What can we learn from the building process
A. The Builders can correct the errors while calculating.
B. The building material should be strong enough for scanner.
C. Builders and scanners can print and monitor at the same time.
D. The building process has strict requirement of the building material.
15. What can be the suitable title for the text
A. Teams of flying robots can make 3D objects.
B. Teams of flying robots have a limited future.
C. The flexibility of typical 3D printer has been improved.
D. Teams of flying robots have been used in dangerous situation.
2023届湖南省张家界市高三下学期第二次模拟英语试题
第一节(共15小题)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
SCHOOL SPONSORSHIP
Sponsor Teen Ink’s future magazines for any specific school or region that is important to you and bring your message to a large audience of students, parents and teachers. We will print your name on the cover of each issue every month.
Call (617)964-6800 for details and cost.
How school sponsorship works:
You select the schools—as many as you want—to receive future Teen Ink magazines.
Your company’s name will appear on the cover of every monthly issue for the schools you sponsor.
Your total cost for a full year is only $195 per school for 30 copies a month—that’s 300 copies per school year.
Advantages for your organization:
Your message reaches a large audience of students, parents and teachers, which tells them you care about teens, their voices and their education.
We contact the schools explaining your sponsorship and your support of teens in the community.
We ship the magazines directly to the schools. There is no extra work or expense for you.
You will be working with an organization that has 14-year experience with teens, schools and educators.
Advantages for the students you sponsor:
Teens are connected with their peers nationwide at a place that is specifically theirs. Students have the opportunity to submit their work for publishing in our magazine, book series and website.
Students gain important reading, writing and communication skills necessary for success in school and the workplace.
1What will motivate a company to sponsor Teen Ink
A. High profit. B. Zero cost.
C. Public reputation. D. Specific magazines.
2. What benefit can the sponsored students get
AMore attention from the public.
B. Greater access to big companies.
C. A good price for the magazines.
D. A chance to publish their works.
3. Who is the text intended for
A. Experienced teachers. B. Potential sponsors.
C. Brilliant students. D. Devoted parents.
B
Deveza’s mother was on the waiting list for a kidney transplant(肾移植). Deveza wanted to donate one of her own kidneys—but she was turned down because she might develop the same health problems as her mother in later life.
Deveza came up with a different plan. In 2017, she started the world’s first paired exchange of different organs between living donors, exchanging half her liver(肝) for someone else’s kidney. A case study of the organ exchange has now been published, and the surgeons who were involved are calling for more exchanges like this. “You can imagine the enormous impact for mixed organ extended chains,” says John Roberts, a surgeon at University of California, San Francisco.
Most organ transplants come from people who have died, but there are never enough organs. As most people can manage with just one of their kidneys, people with kidney failure are increasingly receiving donated organs from relatives or friends. If someone wants to donate but their immune(免疫的) system is unsuited, doctors may be able to find pairs of would-be donors who can each give a kidney to the other’s relative.
When Deveza was looking into such chains, she came across research describing the idea of trading a kidney with the only other organ generally taken from a living donor—the liver. She suggested the idea to many hospitals before she finally contacted Roberts, who saw the idea’s potential.
Deveza was assessed to be in good enough health to donate part of her liver. It then took 18 months to find Annie Simmons, in Idaho, whose liver was unsuitable to use as a transplant for her sister with severe liver disease. They drew up a plan: Simmons would donate a kidney to Deveza’s mother, and in return, Deveza would give half her liver to Simmons’ sister. The hospital gave the go-ahead and the four operations took place on the same day successfully.
The team hope that the ground-breaking case will inspire more people to consider doing the same. Roberts says that direct exchanges involving two donors could enable up to thirty extra living-donor liver transplants a year—a ten percent increase.
4. What did Deveza do to save her mother
A. Carrying out a case study.
B. Calling for kidney donations.
C. Launching a medical experiment.
D. Trading half her liver for a kidney.
5. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. Patients’ desperation to survive.
B. Several sources of organ donation.
C. Current situation of organ transplants.
D. Doctors’ efforts to improve organ transplants.
6. What can be inferred about the organ exchange between Deveza and Simmons
A. It discouraged organ donation.
B. It brought two families together.
C. It met with widespread approval.
D. It produced a desirable outcome.
7. What is the best title for the text
A. My Liver Your Kidney
B. Mother’s Love, Our Happiness
C. Organ Transplant: Blessing for Patients
D. Organ Exchange: Major Medical Advances
C
LONDON(AP)—Thousands of Britain’s iconic red phone boxes will be protected from removal under new rules, the U. K. ’s telecommunications regulator said Tuesday. The public payphone boxes may look like out—of—date relics in an age of common smartphones, but regulator Ofcom said they can still be a“lifeline”for people in need.
The regulator is proposing rules to prevent 5, 000 call boxes in areas with poor mobile coverage from being closed down. It said that phone booths in areas considered accident or suicide hotspots, and those that have had more than 52 calls made from them in the past 12 months, would also meet the criteria.
Ofcom said there are still around 21, 000 phone boxes across the country, and that almost 150, 000 calls to emergency services were made from phone boxes from May 2019 to May 2020. Some 45, 000 calls were also made to other helplines like the Samaritans.
“Some of the call boxes we plan to protect are used to make relatively low numbers of calls. But if one of those calls is from an unhappy child, or an accident victim or someone trying to kill himself, that public phone line can be a lifeline at a time of great need, ”said Selina Chadha, Ofcom’s director of connectivity. “We also want to make sure that people without mobile coverage, often in rural areas, can still make calls, ”she added.
BT Group, formerly British Telecom, says nearly half of the phone boxes in the U. K. have been removed due to the growth of the mobile phone industry. It said even if a phone box is scheduled for decommission, it can be adopted by its local community under a plan that lets governments or organizations buy the call box for just￡1. So far more than 6, 000 booths have been converted to mini community libraries, art galleries or storage units for life—saving public defibrillators(心脏除颤器).
8. Why is Britain making new regulations
A. To reduce accident rates. B. To popularize cell phones.
C. To increase calls from the boxes. D. To protect its public phone boxes.
9. What does the author intend to clarify in paragraph 3
A. The overuse of emergency services. B. The coverage of public phone boxes.
C. The sharp drop in calls from the boxes. D. The importance of public phone boxes.
10. What does the underlined word“decommission”in paragraph 5 mean
A. Change. B. Removal. C. Arrival. D. Share.
11. What can we infer about the to-be-removed phone boxes according to BT Group
A. They will cover the communities. B. They will be sold cheaply to the locals.
C. They will be adapted for different uses. D. They will serve as government agencies.
D
Too much time spent on gaming, smartphones and watching television is linked to heightened levels and diagnoses (诊断) of anxiety or depression in children as young as age 2, according to a new study.
Even after only one hour of screen time daily, children and teens may begin to have less curiosity, lower self-control, less emotional stability and a greater inability to finish tasks, reports San Diego State University psychologist Jean Twenge and University of Ceorgia psychology professor W. Keith Campbell. They were particularly interested in associations between screen time and diagnoses of anxiety and depression in youth, which has not yet been studied in great detail.
Twenge and Campbell found adolescents who spend more than seven hours a day on screens were twice as likely as those spending one hour to have been diagnosed with anxiety or depression. Overall, links between screen time and well-being were larger among adolescents than among young children.
“At first, I was surprised that the associations were larger for adolescents,” Twenge said. “However, adolescents spend more time on their phones and on social media, and these activities are more strongly linked to low well-being than watching television and videos, which is most of younger children’s screen time.”
The study provides further evidence that the American Academy of Pediatrics’ (AAP) established screen time limits—one hour per day for those aged 2 to 5, with a focus on high-quality programs—are valid (有效的), Twenge said. The study also suggests that similar limits—perhaps to two hours a day-should be applied to school-aged children and adolescents, said Twenge.
In terms of prevention, establishing possible causes and outcomes of low psychological well- being is especially important for child and adolescent populations. “Half of mental health problems develop by adolescence,”Twenge and Campbell wrote in their paper.
12. What do we know about Twenge and Campbell’s study according to paragraph 2
A. It requires further research.
B. It brings children less comfort.
C. It needs greater ability to finish.
D. It generates more public concern.
13. What is a reason for the different degrees of impact on children
A. The effects of the harmful contents.
B. Teens’ stronger addiction to screens.
C. The portability of electronic devices.
D. Teens’ negative emotions at discipline.
14. Which of the following do the researchers want AAP to do
A. Provide high-quality programs.
B. Issue minimum screen time limits.
C. Apply the limits to older children.
D. Present further evidence for prevention.
15. What does this study focus on
A. Adolescents’ mental problems.
B. The bad habits of the young adults.
C. Low level of mental health in youth.
D. The importance of the young population.
2023届湖南省郴州市高三下学期第三次教学质量监测英语试题
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和D)中, 选出最佳选项。
A
Here is a list of writing competitions.
Wild Nature Poetry Award
Here we have a new contest from Indigo Dreams Publishing. It is for poems of up to 48 lines on the subject of cruel sports, or wildlife in general, or the natural world, or the environment.
Closing: 30th Sept. , 2022
Prizes: 200, 100, 75
Entry Fee: 5. 50% of entry fees will be donated to the League Against Cruel Sports.
W&A Yearbook Short Story Competition
This annual contest from the writers’ handbook Writers’ &Artists’ Yearbook is for stories of up to 2 000 words aimed at young adults. There is no theme. Take notice that before emailing your entry, you have to register with the website. Your entry will not be valid otherwise.
Closing: 11th Feb. , 2022
Prizes: A place on one of Arvon’s residential writing courses, plus your story published on the website.
Entry Fee: None. Free to enter.
Green Stories Novel Prize
The competition organized by the University of Southampton is held annually. It is about the idea of a more sustainable society. Submit three chapters of your finished novel or work in progress. One of the chapters must be the first. The three together should run to between 4, 000 and 10, 000 words.
Closing: 30th Dec. , 2022
Prizes: 1, 000, 500
Entry Fee: 2
Melita Hume Poetry Prize
This year’s Melita Hume Poetry Prize from Eyewear Publishing is, as usual, for first full-length collections by poets aged 35 or under, residents in the UK or Ireland. To enter, you should submit between 48 and 100 pages.
Closing:3rd Jan. , 2022
Prizes:Publication with a 1, 200 advance.
Entry Fee: 15.
21. What is required to enter for W&A Yearbook Short Story Competition
A. Registration in advance
B. Previous experience
C. A fixed theme
D. Entry fee
22. What is special about Green Stories Novel Prize
A. It is a yearly activity.
B. It is about sustainability.
CIt has a word limit.
D. It has a closing date.
23. Which contest offers the highest prize money
A. Wild Nature Poetry Award
B. W&A Yearbook Short Story Competition
C. Green Stories Novel Prize
D. Melita Hume Poetry Prize
B
The job description of a postman doesn’t always include travelling through thick forests, fast-flowing waters and occasionally being run after by wild animals, but for D. Sivan, that is exactly what it is.
Every day for 30 years, this humble postman has been delivering post to some of the most remote villages in Coonoor which are inaccessible by road. Carrying the mail, he walks along the Nilgiri Mountain Railway track, walking through thick forests, crossing slippery streams and walking on railway bridges. Having travelled through the difficult path for 30 years, Mr. Sivan has grown fond of the wild animals he encounters on his daily walks, going so far as to say that they’ve all become his friends. But even his friends have occasionally caused him some trouble, with an elephant once having run after him. He was saved by a truck driver who spotted him and honked at the elephant. The animals recognize him now, though.
As the years rolled by, emails started replacing letter writing. And as more and more people moved from the Nilgiri hills to the plains-the towns of Mettupalayam and Coimbatore, Sivan’s bag became lighter and lighter every day. Many weeks he ended up carrying just 3-4 letter to each village.
One day Sivan noticed that a man to whom he was supposed to deliver his pension had moved to Coimbatore. The man had fallen very sick and was hospitalized. Sivan tracked down the hospital, travelled 80 kms by bus and later car, and delivered the pension. The kind postman even paid for the whole trip himself!
Not all heroes wear a cape(披风);some have white hair and carry a simple bag full of letters. Not all heroes write cool stories on Instagram; some just sit outside a door and read out a son’s letter to his mother.
24. Which of the following best describes Sivan’s daily delivery journey
A. Awkward.
B. Comfortable.
C. Adventurous.
D. Uneventful.
25. What do the underlined words “his friends” in paragraph 2 refer to
APostmen.
B. Truck drivers.
C. Wild animals.
D. Villagers in Coonoor.
26. Why did Sivan travel to Coimbatore
A. To send a pension check.
B. To enjoy a trip to the plains.
C. To get hospital treatment.
D. To draw his pension.
27. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Letters or emails
B. The world’s busiest postman
C. The postal service in Coonoor
D. Capeless hero with a bag
C
Going against the tide of flocking to well-known tourist destinations on vacation, a growing number of holidaymakers in China tend to spend their leisure time at lesser-known resorts. Reverse tourism has appeared as a new trend among young holidaymakers in China.
According to data from an online travel agency, the number of rooms booked at hotels in less-traveled cities during the holiday was up 30 percent year-on-year. Bookings for four-star or five-star hotels in less-traveled places all increased at least 10-fold. Some lesser-known scenic spots posted double-digit growth during the holiday. Baimaiquan Park in Jinan, the capital of Shandong Province, received 52, 100 visits in the seven days, up 15. 78 percent year-over-year.
Besides crowds, some vacationers chose less-traveled places to save on the cost of trips to popular destinations. In addition, lesser-known attractions are not as “commercial” as developed ones and are able to offer more actual experiences and natural encounters. Essentially speaking, total relaxation is becoming a real expectation for many people when they travel. Changes in demand may be the fundamental reason for the popularity of reverse tourism. COVID -19 is another key factor fueling reverse tourism. As precautionary measures continue, traveling has an unpredictable quality. Travelers have thus become more cautious and tend to choose local attractions or places with fewer tourists. “The rise of reverse tourism is not a bad thing, ” said Zhengzhou Daily. It means that vacationers now have more options, which brings more possibilities to the tourism market. More importantly, it noted, the trend is set to force popular destinations to improve themselves instead of resting on their past honor.
Jiang Han, a senior researcher, said, “reverse tourism will become one of the future directions for the market. To give a real boost to the tourism market, more efforts should be made to tap the potential of underrated, lesser-known destinations. It is necessary to dig deeper into the local customs and highlight the local characteristics to improve the quality of local tourism. ”
28. What are the statistics in paragraph 2 mainly about
A. The popularity of travel agency in China.
B. The high income of hotels during holidays.
C. The contributions of tourism to the economy.
D. The increasing trend of reverse tourism in China.
29. What may be the root cause of the rise of reverse tourism
A. The impact of COVID-19.
B. Holidaymakers’ changing needs for travel.
C. The lower cost of heading to less-traveled places.
D. The lack of innovative improvements in famous attractions.
30. What does Zhengzhou Daily think of reverse tourism
A. It will drop with the recovery of economy.
B. It is helpful to spread local culture to tourists.
C. It benefits both tourists and the tourism market.
D. It blocks the development of some popular resorts.
31. What does Jiang Han mainly talk about in the last paragraph
A. He predicts the likely future of reverse tourism.
B. He highlights the characteristics of local tourism.
C. He explores the potential of lesser-known attractions.
D. He offers suggestions on how to boost reverse tourism.
D
The Legacy Senior Communities is proud to announce the latest innovation in senior living care is coming to its Dallas and Plano campuses, the TrueLoo smart toilet by Toi Labs. “We’re consistently exploring new technologies to ensure that we are providing excellent care in the most effective and efficient ways,” says Legacy Senior Communities CEO Melissa Orth.
“The TrueLoo smart toilet provides early detection of oncoming health complications before they become serious, and all in a dignnified and valuable manner. This improves our care response and can potentially avoid a potential health complication altogether,” says Orth. “The innovative toilet automates data collection and enables clinical team members to keep track of the residents around the clock without uncomfortable conversations with them about their toileting habits. Investing in TrueLoo technology enables a higher standard of care with dignity,” says Vik Kashyap, Toi Labs’ founder and CEO.
In assisted living and memory support residences, where toileting activity is harder to collect, the TrueLoo smart toilet provides effortless collection, enhancing current services as well as residents’ experience. The Legacy Senior Communities begins testing the units in early March. The pilot program will launch in Memory Support at the Kalman and Ida Wolens Foundation Healthcare Center at the Willow Bend community and at the Midtown Park community’s Andrea &Richard Skibell and Leslie Rudd Healthcare Center. The communities will continue manual monitoring to establish a control group during this trial period. The resulting data will enable The Legacy to benchmark the ability of the smart toilet.
“We decided to trial the smart toilet in two different service areas,” said Director of Strategic Development Bridgette Walshe. “We want to ensure that this technology is non- invasive (非侵入性的) while providing accurate and relevant data.” Walshe believes that artificial intelligence is one potential means to cost-effectively improve senior care services, freeing up valuable time for clinical team members to provide more person-centric care.
32. How can the TrueLoo smart toilet benefit seniors
A. By improving their toileting habits.
B. By identifying their potential health issues.
C. By calling clinical team members for them at any time.
D. By informing care workers of their desire to use a toilet.
33. What can best conclude Kashyap’s words about his company’s product
A. It is quality-centered.
B. It is safety-guaranteed.
C. It is privacy-ensured.
D. It is comfort-focused.
34. What does the underlined word “benchmark” in paragraph 3 most probably mean
A. Measure.
B. Recognize.
C. Demonstrate.
D. Improve.
35. What is Walshe’s attitude to the toilet
A. Hopeful.
B. Critical.
C. Tolerant.
D. Contradictory.
答案：
2023届湖南省衡阳市高三第二次联考（二模）英语试题
【答案】1. C2. B3. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文，介绍了国家大剧院一月上演节目的简况以及订票信息。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。文章Minimalist Creation讲到“which will make children have a period of warm and fun time (这将使孩子们有一段温暖而有趣的时间)”以及Kindly reminder中“Except for some children’s plays, it’s not allowed for children with height of 120cm or under to enter the concert hall (除了一些儿童戏剧，身高120厘米或以下的儿童不允许进入音乐厅)”可知，只有Minimalist Creation最适合有孩子的家庭观看，故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。文章New Year’s Concert of Beijing讲到“Price: 100 - 600 (价格：100-600元)”可知，要欣赏纯音乐，只能去北京新年音乐会，票价在100~600元之间，最低票价为100 元，故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。文章Seating Chart讲到“We make every effort to ensure the accuracy of the information. However, the hours, prices, and program details may vary due to last minute changes. (我们尽一切努力确保信息的准确性。但是，由于最后一分钟的更改，时间、价格和节目细节可能会有所不同。)”可知，信息在戏剧开始前不会改变的是联系方式，故选A。
【答案】4. C5. D6. D7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文通过两位女孩的实践经历和一位女孩母亲的反馈，论述了给女孩更多手工劳动实践的机会的重要性。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“My daughter Ruby did one on her own and was really careful and expert in it. It amazed me that she did a better job than me.(我的女儿Ruby自己做了一个，她真的很仔细，而且是专家。她的工作做得比我好，这使我感到惊讶)”可知，Ruby的表现很棒，比妈妈都做得好，超出了妈妈的预期，故选C项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“This fun hobby might save the family a few dollars, or even broaden their daughter’s visions to a building, engineering-based career or study path further down the line.(这个有趣的爱好可能会为家人节省几美元，甚至可以开阔女儿的视野，让她从事建筑、工程类的职业，或进一步学习)”和第一段对STEM的解释，可知给女孩机会做手工可以拓宽女孩在建筑、工程方面的视野，有利于她们继续这方面的学习，提高她们STEM相关的能力，故选D项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“I’m going to build a bird feeder for our garden next. I just need to ask Mum and Dad if I can borrow a drill and some nails.(接下来我要为我们的花园建一个喂鸟器。我只是想问问爸爸妈妈能不能借我一把钻和一些钉子)”可知，她要在征求父母同意后做一个喂鸟器，故选D项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Learning how to do simple handwork is a great way for girls to combine practical skills and creativity. With schools and educators always trying to encourage more girls to take up STEM subjects (science, technology, engineering and maths) in high school and beyond, this could be the start of something special.(学习如何做简单的手工是女孩将实用技能和创造力结合起来的好方法。学校和教育工作者总是试图鼓励更多的女孩在高中及以后学习STEM科目（科学、技术、工程和数学），这可能是一些特别的事情的开始)”可知，第一段提到手工实践对女孩来说是一项提高她们STEM能力的好方法，后文也都在通过两位女孩的实践经历和一位女孩母亲的反馈，论述了给女孩更多手工劳动实践的机会的重要性。因此可知文章大意是在论述应该给女孩更多手工劳动实践的机会。故选B项。
【答案】8. A9. D10. C11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文说明了“生产力畸形”概念的产生，其形成的原因，以及对人们生活的影响。
【8题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段“Do you feel like you should be doing more despite working full hours and nearing burnout (你是否觉得自己应该做更多的工作，尽管你已经工作了很长时间，几乎筋疲力尽了？)”以及画线词上文“It is a way to describe the feeling of failing to recognize your accomplishments and wanting to continue doing more, even when you’re”可知，生产力畸形是在你极度疲劳的状态下，仍然想继续工作，对自己已完成的工作没有成就感的一种体验。故画线词意思是“疲惫的”。故选A项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Highly competitive and job-led culture contribute to constantly pursuing productivity that eats away at other areas of life.(高度竞争和以工作为主导的文化有助于不断追求生产力，从而侵蚀生活的其他领域)”和第四段“Plus, the problem isn’t that the boss tells them to do it, but rather that they internalize the need to always be productive even when they’re going some-where to enjoy leisure time.(另外，问题不是老板让他们这么做，而是他们把保持高效的需求内化了，即使他们要去某个地方享受闲暇时间)”可知，内化的需求是我们不断追求生产力的原因，故选D项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Do you feel like you should be doing more despite working full hours and nearing burnout You may be experiencing productivity dysmorphia (生产力畸形).(你是否觉得自己应该做更多的工作，尽管你已经工作了很长时间，几乎筋疲力尽了？你可能正在经历生产力畸形)”可推知，文章对“生产力畸形”的解释——在极度疲劳的状态下，仍然想继续工作，对自己已完成的工作没有成就感，故而“无论何时何地都在工作”符合定义，故选C项。
11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Some writers have even begun describing rest as productive, as if people should stop relaxing if it doesn’t improve performance in some way. Not only does this mindset make it difficult to view and celebrate your achievements, but it also pushes you to build your entire life around work. The only milestones that matter are achieving work goals. The worst part There’s no sense of fulfillment when you reach these goals. (一些作家甚至开始把休息描述为富有成效，仿佛如果休息不能在某种程度上提高工作表现，人们就应该停止放松。这种心态不仅会让你很难看到和庆祝你成就，还会推动你围绕工作建立整个生活。唯一重要的里程碑是实现工作目标。最糟糕的是什么？当你达到这些目标时，你没有成就感)”可推知，本文作者对一些作家的描述持否定态度。故选B项。
【答案】12. D13. C14. B15. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了异种机器人的产生，并具体说明异种机器人繁育机制、本质、应用前景，以及引发的争议。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“They are organisms because they are made of stem cells and can reproduce. But they are also robots because they can move on their own and perform physical labor, co-author Sam Kriegman told The Washington Post.(它们是生物体，因为它们是由干细胞组成的，可以繁殖。但它们也是机器人，因为它们可以自己移动并从事体力劳动，合著者萨姆·克里格曼告诉《华盛顿邮报》)”可知，异种机器人既是有机体，也是机器人。故选D项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“Kriegman told The Washington Post that while xenobots are not yet commercially useful, they have the potential to offer a number of services, from cleaning up microplastics in the ocean to safely delivering drugs to a specific spot in a person’s body.(克里格曼告诉《华盛顿邮报》，虽然异种机器人还没有商业用途，但它们有可能提供一系列服务，从清理海洋中的微塑料到安全将药物运送到人体内的特定位置)”可知，异种机器人未来可以将药物送到人体内特定的位置。故选C项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第七段“It’s an extremely controllable, stoppable and safe system.(这是一个非常可控，可阻止和安全的系统)”可推知，针对一些质疑，Kriegman认为异种机器人本身是一种可控的且安全的系统机制，不会构成威胁。故选B项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Living robots can reproduce on their own in a dish. This is not a science-fiction movie, but the result of a new research.(活的机器人可以在盘子里自己繁殖。这不是科幻电影，而是一项新研究的结果)”结合本文说明介绍了异种机器人的产生，并在各个段落具体说明异种机器人繁育机制、本质、应用前景，以及引发的争议。由此推知，文章的目的是介绍异种机器人。故选A项。
2023届湖南省邵阳市高三下学期第二次联考（二模）英语试题
【答案】21. B22. C23. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了苏格兰的四处特色景点。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据GREY MARE’S TAIL部分最后一句“On the other side from the first path is a second path, following the path, and you’ll reach Loch Skeen, a beautiful glassy swimming pool of mountain water available for travellers.(在第一条路的另一边是第二条路，沿着这条路走，你会到达Loch Skeen，一个美丽的玻璃般的游泳池，供旅行者使用)”可知，Grey Mare’s Tail的特别之处在于你可以在Loch Skeen游泳。故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据WANLOCKHEAD部分最后一句“Wanlockhead is Scotland’s highest village, which won’t come as a surprise once you’re there.(Wanlockhead是苏格兰海拔最高的村庄，一旦你到了那里就不会感到惊讶了)”可知，Wanlockhead是苏格兰海拔最高的地方。故选C。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Heading out of the Scottish Borders and west into Dumfries &Galloway, there are plenty of sights still to see on the journey.(从苏格兰边境出发，向西进入Dumfries和Galloway，在旅途中还有很多景点要看)”可知，本文主要介绍了苏格兰的四处特色景点。由此可推出，读者可以在网站上旅游专栏读到这篇文章。故选D。
【答案】24. D25. D26. B27. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲的是作者在40多岁的时候申请成为一名兼职学生，之后不断努力学习，终于能够写出一篇合适的学术论文的故事。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“The pages were covered in red writing, pointing out errors. There must have been a mistake.(书页上用红色字体标出错误。一定是弄错了)”同时结合第一段讲的“作者对自己的论文很满意”可知，作者在收到第一篇论文的分数后觉得惊讶，故选D。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“University started later for me than most. The opportunity wasn’t available when I was younger — too many kids in our family and too little money.(我上大学比大多数人都晚。在我年轻的时候，没有这样的机会——家里孩子太多，钱太少)”可知，作者上大学比其他人晚是因为他的家庭不够富裕。故选D。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“While I kept studying and kept learning, I learned to love two dozen writers I had never heard of before and explored types of literature I had never examined. Eventually, I learned how to write an essay in proper academic prose.(在我不断学习的过程中，我学会欣赏二十几位我从未听说过的作家，并探索了我从未研究过的文学类型。最终，我学会了如何用正确的学术散文写一篇文章)”可知，不断的努力帮助作者写出一篇合适的学术论文。故选B。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第二段的“While I kept studying and kept learning, I learned to love two dozen writers I had never heard of before and explored types of literature I had never examined. Eventually, I learned how to write an essay in proper academic prose.(在我不断学习的过程中，我学会欣赏二十几位我从未听说过的作家，并探索了我从未研究过的文学类型。最终，我学会了如何用正确的学术散文写一篇文章)”可知，本文主要讲的是作者在40多岁的时候申请成为一名兼职学生，之后不断努力学习，终于能够写出一篇合适的学术论文的故事，说明了“有志者事竞成”这个道理，因此最好的题目是C选项“Where There Is A Will, There Is A Way(有志者事竟成)”，故选C。
【答案】28. B29. C30. A31. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地球上存在的生物多样性和物种的数量。
【28题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段最后一句“This means that still more than 86% of the terrestrial(陆生的) and 91% of the marine species remain unknown.(这意味着仍有超过86%的陆地物种和91%的marine物种未知)”中的“more than 86% of the terrestrial”可知，划线词指与“陆生”相对，即“海生的”，与B项“oceanic”意思相同。故选B。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“while in some cases, the species and subspecies are closely examined and determined whether they can be considered distinct species.(而在某些情况下，这些物种和亚种会被仔细检查，以确定它们是否可以被视为不同的物种)”可知，分类学家通常会确定物种的情况。故选C。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“However, Biodiversity is not evenly distributed on Earth, and its number varies greatly on different continents.(然而，生物多样性在地球上的分布并不均匀，在不同的大陆上，生物多样性的数量差异很大)”可知，地球上的生物多样性的分布是不均的，不同洲的生物种类的数量大为不同。故选A。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Necessarily, some species will become extinct before researchers realize they ever existed.(一些物种必然会在研究人员意识到它们曾经存在过之前灭绝)”可知，许多未被发现的物种已经灭绝。故选C。
【答案】32. A33. B34. A35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明人们在做一项不需要太多思考的习惯性任务时可能更有可能获得创造性突破或洞察力。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Rather than constantly wearing yourself out at a problem or desperately seeking a flash of inspiration, research from the last 15 years suggests that people may