课件52张PPT。Module 1 British and American EnglishThe English language was first introduced to the Americans by British colonists beginning in the early 17th century. Similarly, the language spread to many other parts of the world as a result of British colonization elsewhere during the spread of the former British Empire.①Over the past 400 years, the form of the language used in Americas—especially in the United States—has become different from the one used in the United Kingdom in many ways, leading to the dialects (方言) which are now commonly referred to as American English and British English.
Differences between the two include pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, spelling and idioms. A small number of words have completely different meanings between the two dialects, or are even unknown or not used in one of them.Henry Sweet once predicted in 1877 that within a century，American English，Australian English and British English would be mutually (相互地) unintelligible (无法了解的)．Other experts have also made similar predictions.It may be the case that increased world wide communication through radio，television，the Internet，and globalization has reduced the amount of regional variation.This can result either in some variations disappear-ing or in the acceptance of wide variations as“perfectly good English”everywhere.②However, it remains the case that although spoken American and British English are generally similar, there are enough differences to cause occasional misunderstandings or, at times, embarrassment.
①她父母死了，给她留下了许多钱。( v．-ing作结果状语)
____________________________________________________
②劳动力短缺仍然是个问题。(remain ＋ adj./n. 意为“仍然
是，保存”)
____________________________________________________Her parents died, leaving her a lot of money.It remains a problem that we are short of labor.1．佳句仿写
A small number of words have completely different
meanings between the two dialects, or are even
unknown or not used in one of them.
________________________________________________
在两种方言中有少量的词汇有完全不同的意思或在其
中一种方言中这些词汇甚至根本不知道或不使用。
2．翻译佳句，放眼高考————————————————————————————————
1．________ n. 语言学家
2．________ n. 口音
3．________adj. 显然的；显而易见的
4．________vi.(英)排队(等候)
5．________vt.比较
6．________vt. 省略
7．________vi.不同；有区别linguistaccentobviousqueuecompareomitdifferⅠ.单词识记Period One Introduction ＆ Reading and Vocabulary
1．________________有……相同的特点
2. ________________ 有影响；使不相同
3. ________________ 四处走动(旅行)
4. be similar to ________________
5. lead to ________________have...in common make a difference get around 与……相似 引起；导致Ⅱ.短语天地8．________n．评论；讲话
9．________n．变化
10．________n．轻打；轻弹；抖动remarkvariation flick
1．It doesn't make much of a difference whether a teacher
speaks British or American English.
[信息提取] it 作形式主语，真正的主语是whether引导的
主语从句。
[例句仿写] 你是否同意我的计划这并不重要。
______________________________you agree to my plan
or not.It makes no difference whetherⅢ.句型搜索2．Americans use a flashlight，while for the British，it's a
torch.
[信息提取] while 并列连词，表对比，意为：而；然而。
[例句仿写] 我们国家盛产石油，他们国家却一点也没有。
Our country has plenty of oil，__________ theirs has none.
while3．A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman
from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.
[信息提取] have difficulty (in) doing sth意为：做某事有困
难。
[例句仿写] 你通过这次考试遇到困难了没有？
Did you _________________________________ the exam?have any difficulty (in) passing4．The non-stop communication, the experts think, has made
it easier for British people and Americans to understand each
other.
[信息提取] make it ＋adj.＋ for somebody to do sth意为“使得某人做某事……”。it作形式宾语，真正宾语是for 后的
成份。
[例句仿写] 我们会让你学习这篇文章更容易些。
We’ll _________________________________ this passage.make it easier for you to learn
Fast Reading：Scan the text and choose the best answers
according to the text.
1．From the text we know that there are________differences
between British and American English.
A．two B．three C．Four D．five
2．What's the first and most obvious difference between
British and American English?
A．Grammar. B．Spelling.
C．Words. D．Vocabulary.Ⅳ.预读理解3．Which of the following is TRUE?
A．People from Britain speak the same language as people
from the USA.
B．The British say “queue up” but in the USA we say “stand
in line”．
C．There are lots of differences between American and
British varieties of English.
D．The third paragraph talks about spelling.4．According to the text, the British English and American
English are different in all the following aspects EXCEPT
in________.
A．vocabulary B．spelling
C．accent D．origin5．From the fifth paragraph, we can infer that________.
A．in the future，there will be only three main “Englishes”
B．in the future，there will be many “Englishes”
C．in the future，users of English will not be able to
understand each other
D．with satellite TV and the Internet, it has been impossible to
listen to British and American English easily
答案 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.B1．confusing adj. 令人困惑的；难懂的
The confusing directions on the bottle made me not take the
medicine.药瓶上令人费解的使用说明使我没有吃药。
Teachers’ explanations shouldn’t be confusing.
老师的解释不应该难以理解。【归纳拓展】 【完成句子】
他们提了一大堆令人费解的问题，把我难住了，我稀里糊涂，茫然地站在那儿，不知所措。
They___me by asking so many___questions.I was totally___ ,standing there in___ ,not knowing what to do.
答案 confused; confusing; confused; confusion2．compare
(1)vt.比较， 对照；比作
Don’t compare your strengths with others’ weaknesses.
不要拿你的强项和别人的弱点相比。
You can never compare apples with oranges.(谚)风马牛不相及。
Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.
莎士比亚把这个世界比作舞台。
(2)n. 比较
She is lovely beyond compare.
她真是可爱得无与伦比。 【归纳拓展】【完成句子】
①_________________________________________________
(把这辆车与那辆车比较)，and you will find differences.
② _________________________________________________
(把这辆车与那辆车比较)，you will find differences.
③ _________________________________________________
(把这辆车与那辆车比较)，this one is better in quality.
④ _________________________________________________
(可以被比作)，angels in white.
答案： ① Compare this car with that one ②Comparing this car with that one ③Compared to/with that one ④ can be compared to3．differ
(1)vi.不同；有区别
Chinese differs greatly from English in pronunciation.
汉语的发音与英语大不相同。
The brothers differ widely in their tastes.
他们弟兄的爱好大相径庭。
(2)vi. 意见分歧或相左
I’m sorry to differ about this matter.
对不起，关于这件事，我的看法不同。【归纳拓展】【完成句子】
①在这方面法语不同于英语。
French ________________ English ________this respect.
②他们在生活方式上如此不同。
They are so _______________ life style.differs from in different in4．remark
(1)n.[C]评论；讲话；谈论
He had a habit of making humorous remarks.
他有说幽默话的习惯。
Don’t make remarks about others.
不要对别人评头论足。
(2) vt.谈到；评论；说[＋(that)]
A local newspaper remarked that crime was on the decrease.
一家地方报纸评论说犯罪案件在减少。 (3)vt.谈论，议论；评论
Professor Smith remarked on the difference between the two
dictionaries.
史密斯教授谈到了这两本词典的不同之处。
They were remarking on stock markets when I came into the
room.当我进屋的时候，他们正在谈论股市。
【归纳拓展】
用remark的适当形式填空
①Friends often________(remark)on how alike she and
Zhang Ziyi look.
②The teacher_______________ (remark)that I had
made _______________ (remark) progress.
remarkremarkedremarkable1．have...in common在……方面有相同之处
They have much in common.
他们有很多共同之处。
Don’t bother me.We have nothing in common.
别烦我！我们没有共同语言。
【归纳拓展】 【完成句子】
①我们发现彼此有很多共同点，很合得来。
We found that we__________a lot__________and got on well.
②艾米和她的妹妹一样非常喜欢唱歌。
____________________ her sister, Amy likes singing very much.
③尽管我们是朋友，但我和简毫无共同之处。
Though we are friends, I _________________________________
Jane. hadin commonIn common withhave nothing in common with2. make a difference 有影响；起重要作用
Your support will certainly make a difference in our class.
你的支持当然将会在我们班上产生影响。
We can hope to reach our goals and truly make a difference
by discovering what we do best.
只有发现自己的长处才有希望达到目标并产生影响。
【归纳拓展】 【完成句子】
①转学对我的一生有着重大影响。
Changing schools__________________________ my life.
②谁将获胜对于我来说没什么两样。
____________________________________who will win.made a big difference toIt makes no difference to me3．get around
(1) 到处走动
Mary’s father likes getting around.
玛丽的父亲喜欢到处旅行。
(2)(消息、谣言)传开
Rumors get around quickly.
流言传播得很快。
【归纳拓展】【完成句子】
①消息已经传出：刘翔将退出比赛。
News ____________________ that Liu Xiang would drop out of the
race.
②我试着给你打了好几次电话，但是没有打通。
I tried calling you several times but I couldn’t _______________.
③你跟老板合得来吗？
Do you __________________your boss? has got aroundget throughget along with4．be similar to 与……相似
Gold is similar in color to brass.
金与黄铜的颜色相似。
My wife and I have similar tastes in music.
我的妻子和我在音乐方面有相似的爱好。
【归纳拓展】 【翻译句子】
①他们两人性格相近。
②我熟知篮球规则。
___________________________________________The two of them are similar in character.I am very familiar with the rules of basketball.
/The rules of basketball are familiar to me.______________________________________________________________________________________5．lead to
(1) 通向
All roads lead to Rome.
条条大路通罗马。
(2)引起，导致
This misprint led to great confusion.
这个印刷错误造成很大的误解。
Such a mistake would perhaps lead to disastrous consequences.
这样一种错误可能导致灾难性的后果。
【归纳拓展】【完成句子】
①我们的英语老师有一种奇特的方法能促使我们很活跃地学
习英语。
Our English teacher has a strange way of ______________ study
English actively.
②过量的工作和过少的休息会引起疾病。
Too much work and too little rest often________illness.
答案：
leding us to ②lead to【单项填空】
It was sleeping late in the morning that________his being late for work.
A．devoted to B．stuck to
C．referred to D．led to
解析 devote oneself to(＝be devoted to)“献身于”；stick to“坚持”；refer to“提及，参考”，都不符合句意。四个选项中的to均为介词，该句为强调句型。强调的是sleeping late in the morning。
答案 D1．Americans use a flashlight，while for the British，it’s a
torch.美国人把手电筒称为flashlight，而英国人却叫它
torch。
本句中while作并列连词，表示对比，意为“而，然而”。
He likes playing basketball，while I like listening to music.
他喜欢打篮球，而我喜欢听音乐。
She thought I was talking about her daughter, while in fact，I
was talking about my daughter.
她认为我在说她女儿，但事实上我在说我女儿。 【归纳拓展】【单项填空】
①________some people come here for a short break, others
have decided to stay forever.
A．Because B．If
C．Once D．While
解析 while在此作并列连词，连接两个并列分句，表示前后
情况的对比。
D②Mary made coffee______her guests were finishing their
meal.
A．so that B．although
C．while D．as if
解析 while在句中作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，表示
“当……的时候”。
C2．A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman
from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker. 伦敦人要听
懂来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人说话比听懂纽约人说话更难。
have difficulty in doing sth/with sth 做某事有困难 (difficulty
为不可数名词；in 常可以省略)
I have difficulty (in) telling the difference between the twin
sisters.
辨别这对双胞胎姐妹对我来说很困难。
I don’t have much difficulty with English grammar.
我在英语语法方面没有很大的困难。【归纳拓展】【单项填空】
You’ll imagine what difficulty we had________home in the
snowstorm.
A．Walked B．walk
C．to walk D．walking
解析 考查动名词构成的短语。句意：你会想象到我们在暴
风雪中走回家遇到了多么大的困难。这句话中包含一个固定
句型，即：have difficulty (in) doing something。 D3. The non-stop communication，the experts think，has
made it easier for British people and Americans to understand
each other. 专家们认为，这种不间断的交流使英国人和美国
人彼此理解起来更加容易。
made it easier for British people and Americans to understand
each other是“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构的一种特殊形式，其
中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为宾补后的不定式短语。当宾语
较长，且宾语后有补语时，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾
语放到补语后面。She made it her duty to look after these children.
她把照顾这些孩子作为她的义务。
The rain made it more difficult for us to finish the work on
time.
大雨使我们更难按时完成工作。【归纳拓展】【翻译句子】
①我发现学好英语是必要的。
____________________________________________
②他感觉帮助别人是他的职责。
____________________________________________I find it necessary to learn English well.He feels it his duty to help others.课件23张PPT。
1．________ adv. 迅速地
2. ________________ n．声明；宣告
3. ________ n. (广播、电视节目的)期；版
4. ________adj. 逗人喜爱的
5. ________vt. 加；增加
6. ________ vt.陈述；提出(观点、计划等)announcementrapidlyeditioncuteaddpresentⅠ.单词识记Period Two Vocabulary and Listening；Everyday English；
Function；Speaking and Writing
1. ________________ 和……相处；进展……
2. ________________迄今为止
3. ________________ 习惯于
4. ________________偶然学会；捡起；搭载；好转
5. wear off ________________
6. in favour of________________
7. refer to...as...__________________
8. make a fuss of sb________________get on withso farget/be used topick up 磨损；慢慢消失同意；支持称……为……对某人过分体贴Ⅱ.短语天地
1．As you know，every week on this programme we discuss
an aspect of the way we live now，and today’s topic is the
language we speak—English.
[信息提取] the way (in which/that) ＋定语从句。
[例句仿写] 你回答问题的方式很让人佩服。
The way _________________________________________________
was admirable.
(in which/that) you answered the questionⅢ.句型搜索2．I’m getting on just fine，now that I understand the local
accent.
[信息提取] now that...既然……，引导原因状语从句。
[例句仿写] 你已经给孩子们承诺了，你最好履行诺言。
_________________________________________________ ，
you’d better carry it out.
Now that you have promised your children1．add v．加，加起来；增添，追加
The fire is going out; will you add some wood?
火快熄灭了，请你加些木柴好吗？
Add these numbers together and tell me the total.
把这些数目加起来，告诉我总数是多少。
May I add a point?
我可以补充一点吗？【归纳拓展】 【完成句子】
①Please________some more water________the soup.
请往汤里再添些水。
②The bad weather only________our difficulty.
恶劣的天气更增加了我们的困难。
③The money she spends on books__________1,000 dollars a year.
她每年花在书上的钱加起来有1 000美元。addto added to adds up to 2．present vt.
(1)提出，提交，呈递
He presented the report to his colleagues at the meeting.
他在会议上向同事们提交了报告。
(2)赠送，呈现
They presented him with a bunch of flowers＝They presented
a bunch of flowers to him.
他们献给他一束鲜花。
【归纳拓展】【完成句子】
①老师将会给每位在场的学生一本书。
The teacher will ________ a _________to each of the students
________.
②我对目前的状况一点都不满意。
I’m not at all satisfied with the ________________________.
③请允许我把布朗先生介绍给你。
Allow me to ________ Mr. Brown________ you.
④我可以提个建议吗？
May I_________________________？present book presentpresent situationpresent to present a suggestion1．pick up拿起；接载；康复；(偶然)学得，结识；加速
The children picked up many seashells at the seashore.
孩子们在海边捡到了许多贝壳。
If you go to England you’ll soon pick up English.
你如果到英国去，很快就会学会英语。
My husband will pick you up in the car.
我丈夫将开车去接你。I managed to pick up the news over the radio.
我设法通过收音机收听新闻。
This old man is beginning to pick up now.
现在这位老人开始恢复健康。
【归纳拓展】
在括号中写出pick up的意思
①She was ill for a long time but is picking up now. ( )
②My old car only picks up speed going down a hill. ( )
③The taxi stopped to pick up the person waiting there.
( )
④My radio can’t pick up VOA. ( )
⑤When living in England，he picked up some English.
( )康复接收(节目)接载加速偶然学会2．in favour of赞同；支持
Not everyone was in favour of this bill.
并不是每个人都支持这个法案。
【归纳拓展】 【翻译句子】
①Could you do me a favour to hand me that pencil, please?
___________________________________________________
②No matter what you do，I am in favour of you.
___________________________________________________
③All the classmates were in favour of my idea that we should
go for an outing the next week.
___________________________________________________你能帮忙把那支铅笔递给我吗？无论你做什么，我都支持你。所有同学都同意我提出的下周郊游的建议。3．refer to...as...把……称为……
In his letter，he referred to the woman as his wife.
在信中，他把那个女人称为他的妻子。
People who work in offices are usually referred to as “white
collar”.
那些在办公室工作的人被称为“白领”。
【归纳拓展】 【完成句子】
①他们把这件事提交给老板处理。
They ________________________ their boss.
②我那样说的时候，指的并不是你。
When I was saying that，I wasn’t ________________.
③他查阅了地图。
He__________________.referred the matter toreferring to youreferred to the map1．As you know，every week on this programme we discuss
an aspect of the way we live now，and today’s topic is the
language we speak—English. 正如你所知道的，每周在这个
栏目中我们都讨论我们现在生活的某一方面，并且，今天的
话题是我们所说的语言——英语。
本句中we live now是定语从句，修饰先行词the way。 way作
先行词，后跟定语从句，且从句缺少状语时，应用that/in
which引导定语从句，引导词也可省略。若从句中缺少主语
或宾语，用which/that引导定语从句。
That is the way that he keeps fish.
那就是他养鱼的方法。 【归纳拓展】I have got no way of contacting him at all.
我根本没有办法和他联系上。
What’s the right way to say/of saying this in English?
这句话英语该怎么说？【完成句子】
①我不喜欢他跟他父母说话的方式。
I don’t like ___________________________ he speaks to his parents.
②她给我们示范清洗它的办法。
She showed us the way _______________________ it.
③学好英语的最好的办法是到这种语言是该国母语的国家去
学习。
The best way ____________________________ is to go to a country
where English is
spoken as the native language.the way (that/in which)of cleaning / to cleanof learning/to learn English2．I’m getting on just fine，now that I understand the local
accent.由于我懂得当地方言，所以一切都很顺利。
now that属于连词词组，引导原因状语从句，意为“既然”，
相当于since。
Now that I am well again, I can go on with my work.
既然我恢复了健康，就可以继续工作了。
【归纳拓展】选词填空(because/since/now that /as/ for)
①—Why were you absent from school last week?
—________ my mother was ill.
② ______________________ you feel uncomfortable, you’d
better not drive to do business.
③It must have rained last night, ________ the ground is wet.BecauseSince /Now that/Asfor课件35张PPT。
1．________n. 努力；尝试
2．________ vt.简化
3． ________________ n. 组合；结合
4．______________adj.与众不同的
5．________ n. 外观；外表；样子
6．________ vt. 批评
7．________ adj. 标准的
8．________ n．参考；查阅Ⅰ.单词识记attemptsimplifycombinationdistinctivelookcriticisestandardreferencePeriod Three Cultural Corner1．_______________与……做斗争；反对
2．__________________幸亏；多亏
3．be known/famous for__________________
4．a number of__________________Ⅱ.短语天地fight againstthanks to以……而著名许多；大量
In English the spelling of words does not always represent
the sound.
[信息提取] not always表示部分否定。
[例句仿写] 他不总是迟到。
He does________________________.
2．By the 1850s，it was selling one million copies a year，making it one of the most popular school books ever.
[信息提取] v．-ing短语作结果状语。
[例句仿写] 父母去世了，只留下他一个人。
His parents died, ______________________. not always come lateleaving him aloneⅢ.句型搜索1．Webster first worked as________.
A．a soldier B．a writer
C．a teacher D．an editor
2．In American English，today the word “colour” may be
written as________.
A．color B．colour C．clour D．colurⅣ.课文信息理解3．From the passage we can know “American Dictionary of
the English Language”________．
A．was criticized by the British but soon became popular
B．was not accepted by the American at first when it
appeared
C．was once popular but not today
D．was selling one million copies a year in the 1850s4．According to the text，which of the following statements
is TRUE?
A．All the suggestions for word spelling made by Webster
were adopted.
B．Webster thought the spelling of English words should be
simplified.
C．Today，Webster’s dictionary isn’t popular among
American students.
D．In Webster’s dictionary the word “island” is spelled as
“iland”．
答案 1.C 2.A 3.A 4.B1．attempt
(1)vt.尝试，试图
He attempted to pass the examination but failed.
他试图通过考试，但没有成功。
(2)n.尝试；试图；企图
We failed in our attempt to climb the mountain.
我们试图爬上山去，但失败了。
He made an attempt to escape / at escaping but failed.
他试图逃跑却失败了。【归纳拓展】 【比较网站】 attempt to do/try to do/manage to do
(1)attempt to do较try to do更正式，暗含不成功的意味。
(2)try to do常用语，意为“尽力(去)做”，强调动作。
(3)manage to do设法(去)做成，强调结果，指成功做到。选词填空(attempt/ try/ manage)
①He________again and again and at last he________to work out the maths problem without help.
②Don't________the impossible.
③Let's ________ knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door.tried managed attempttry 2．simplify vt.使……简单，使……简易，简化
Try to simplify your explanation for the children.
设法把你的解释说得简单一些，好让孩子们听懂。
【归纳拓展】 用simple，simply，simplicity或simplify填空
①The book explains grammar________and clearly.
②The answer is really________.
③We all try to________the book for children.
④His idea stood out because of its_____________.simplysimplesimplifysimplicity1．thanks to幸亏，由于
Thanks to Germaine’s tireless efforts, the concert was a huge
success.
多亏杰曼不知疲倦的努力，音乐会获得了巨大的成功。
It was thanks to his advice that I succeeded.
多亏他的忠告我才得以成功。
【归纳拓展】 【翻译句子】
幸亏你的帮助，我通过了考试。
_____________________________________
I passed the exam thanks to your help.2．fight against与……搏斗，与……战斗
They fought against the enemy bravely.
他们勇敢地同敌人战斗。
He fought against racism.他与种族主义作斗争。
【归纳拓展】 【完成句子】
①为了更加美好的未来，我们必须克服任何困难。
We must ________________any hardship ________a brighter
future.
②我们从人群中挤出一条路来。
We ___________________ through the crowd.
fight against for fought our way1．In English the spelling of words does not always represent
the sound.在英语中，单词的拼写不总是代表其发音。
not always表示部分否定。英语中一些表示“全体，完全”
意义的词(如all，every，everybody，everything，both，
always等)与否定副词never/not连用表示部分否定。
Not all the students went to the cinema.
不是所有的学生都去看电影了。【比较网站】 部分否定与全部否定【单项填空】
①I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree
with________.
A．everything B．anything
C．something D．nothing
解析 句意：你说的我大部分都同意，但我不是什么
都同意。not... everything表示部分否定，意为“不是
什么都……”。A②The novel is well worth________，but________the students
have read it.
A．to be read; not all B．to be read; all not
C．reading; not all D．reading; all not
解析 句意：这部小说很值得读，但并非所有学生都读过。
sth be worth doing“某事值得做”，排除A、B；not all表示
部分否定。
C2．By the 1850s，it was selling one million copies a year，
making it one of the most popular school books ever.
到十九世纪五十年代，每年出售出一百万册，结果使它成为
最受欢迎的校园用书之一。
句中making it one of the most popular school books ever为现
在分词短语作结果状语，是由上文的原因推出的一个必然结
果。此时相当于一个由which引导的非限制性定语从句：which made it one of the most popular school books ever。
Shenzhen held the 26th Summer World University Games in
2011, making it better known to the world.
深圳在2011年举办了第26届大运会，让它更闻名了。
An accident occurred in the Bike Race，making 7 players
injured.
自行车赛时发生了一场意外事故，导致7名运动员受伤。【比较网站】 现在分词作结果状语表示一种自然的结果。
另外，不定式也可做结果状语，但它表示一种出乎意料的结
果。
The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.
那孩子滑了一跤，头撞在了门上。
We hurried to the station, only to find the train had gone.
我们急急忙忙赶到车站，却发现火车已经开走了。
用所给动词的正确形式填空
①He didn’t come today，________(make) it necessary for us
to find someone to do his work.
②I called at his home, only________(find) the door locked.makingto find【写作任务】
写一篇有关汉语的文章。
【写作内容】
1．汉语是世界上最古老的语言之一，也是联合国的工作语言
之一；
2．现在世界上越来越多的人说汉语；
3．随着中国的发展与强大，汉语将在国际交流中起着重要的
作用。
【写作要求】
1．以上要点必须包含在作文之中，不能逐词翻译。
2．词数：120左右。【写作分析】
第一步：认真审题
1．本文属于说明文，说明文是文章体裁的一种，用于说明
事物的特点和性能。要写好说明文，应注意以下几点：
(1)准确把握介绍的对象。根据写作目的和要求，抓住事物的
最主要的特点，做到有的放矢，让读者更容易了解所介绍的
事物。
(2) 语言要求准确、简洁、贴切。写介绍类说明文，语言要通
俗易懂，实事求是。(3) 说明事物的过程思路要清晰，层次性强，有条理，有助于
读者的理解。
2．本文可分为三部分。第一部分概述汉语是世界上最古老的
语言之一；第二部分阐述汉语的重要性；最后一部分可简单
展望一下汉语的未来或鼓励人们学习汉语。
第二步：提炼要点
1. the most ancient languages in the world
2. be spoken by more and more people
3. the official languages of the United Nations
4. play a more important part in
5. be learned and taught第三步：扩点成句
1．Chinese is one of the most ancient languages in the world.
2．Although English is used all around the world, more and
more people speak Chinese nowadays.
3．Chinese is also one of the official languages of the United
Nations.
4．Now that China is becoming stronger, Chinese will
certainly play a more important part in international
communication.
5．More and more people in the world are beginning to learn
Chinese and many famous universities have set Chinese course.【参考范文】
The language of Chinese
Chinese is one of the most ancient languages in the world.
Although English is used all around the world，more and
more people speak Chinese nowadays. You will hear Chinese
spoken in many countries and areas. Chinese is also one of
the official languages of the United Nations.Now that China is becoming stronger, Chinese will certainly
play a more important part in international communication.
More and more people in the world are beginning to learn
Chinese and many famous universities have set Chinese
course.
I’m sure that it is a good idea for people from other countries
to learn Chinese.【亮点展示】
1. 本篇范文是一篇关于汉语的介绍文章。文章介绍了汉语的
历史和今天在国际上的地位及作用，并号召人们积极地去学
习汉语。文章语言简洁，逻辑性强。
2. 范文时态、语态运用正确，句式多变，句中应用了although
和now that引导的状语从句，过去分词作宾补；不定式作宾
语从句的真正主语等多种语法结构。
3. 词汇运用灵活、高级，如：ancient；play a more important
part等高级词汇。由此可见作者扎实的英语功底。【写作模板】
在说明文的写作中可以使用下面这些过渡词：
1．展开段落论证时常用的句式、短语：
①第一层次(首先)in the first place/ in the beginning/ first
(firstly)/ first of all/ to begin with/ for one thing/I
want to begin by saying.../My first reason is that.../The
main factor is...
②第二层次(其次)second(secondly)/ in the second place/
for another/ The second solution is that...
③第三层次(第三点)third(thirdly)/ besides/ in addition/
furthermore2．将事物的正反、好坏两方面，或者将两种不同事物进行比
较、对比时常用的句式、短语：
①然而：while, whereas, but, however, nevertheless
②尽管如此：in spite of, despite the fact (that)，even so
③但在另一方面：but on the other hand
④与……相比：in/by comparison with...，compared
to...，by/ in contrast(to/with)⑤与……相反：as opposed to...，instead of...，on the
contrary, instead
⑥事实上：as a matter of fact, It’s a matter of
fact(that)．..，in fact
⑦任何事物都是一分为二的。Every coin has two sides.
⑧它们的区别如下：The differences are as follows：
⑨A与B的不同在于：A is different from B in...，The
difference between A and B is/lies in...
3．常用作结尾的句式、短语：
①It is hoped that we should place much emphasis on/pay
more attention to...
②Hence, we can conclude that...
③Therefore, no one can deny that...
④As a consequence, the more we are aware of the
importance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will
get in our daily study and job.课件38张PPT。Period Four Grammar：Review of Verb Forms (1)
1．表示经常发生的动作、习惯性行为，表示现状、特征
或真理、永恒的客观事实。一般现在时常用下列副词或短
语来作时间状语：always，often，never，seldom，
usually，once a week，now等。
It seldom snows here. 这地方很少下雪。
He is always ready to help others.他总是习惯帮助别人。
The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕着太阳转。一、一般现在时2．用于时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句中表示将要
发生的动作，其主句用一般将来时。
I will tell you when he comes.他来时我会告诉你的。
Tomorrow we shall go for an outing unless it rains.
明天我们将要去郊游，除非天下雨。
Though the task is very hard, we will not give it up.
尽管任务很艰巨，可是我们是不会放弃的。3．表示一个按计划或安排将要发生的动作，或者表示根据
时间的安排将要出现的状态。通常用的动词有begin，
come，leave，go，arrive，start，stop，return，open，
close等。
The meeting begins at six.会议6点钟开始。
The train arrives at the station at 5 in the morning.
火车将在早晨5点钟进站。【单项填空】
①Planning so far ahead ________ no sense—so many things
will have changed by next year.
A．made B．is making
C．makes D．has made
解析 考查动词的时态。句意：计划这么超前毫无意义—到
明年许多事情会发生变化的。前句表示现在的情况make no
sense，后句表示到将来会产生的后果will have changed。一
般现在时表示主语的特征或状态。is making和has made表示
具体的动作过程，故排除。因此选C。C
1．表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。与这种时态连用
的时间状语常有now，these days，recently，this week等。
Listen，someone is crying.听，有人在哭。
What are you doing these days? 你最近在忙些什么？ 二、现在进行时2．与always，all the time，forever连用，表示频繁发生的
动作，相当于“老是……”，表示说话人某种赞赏或厌恶
的感情。
He is always helping others.他总是帮助别人。
The girl is always getting up late.这女孩老是起晚。
3．动词go，come，leave，arrive等表将要发生的动作。
They are leaving for Shanghai.他们要去上海了。
Are you meeting him when you arrive there?
你到那儿要跟他见面吗？【单项填空】
②—I hear you________in a pub. What’s it like?
—Well, it’s very hard work and I’m always tired, but I
don’t mind.
A．are working B．will work
C．were working D．will be working
解析 考查动词的时态。句意为：——我听说你在酒吧里上
班，这份工作怎么样？——哎，这是份辛苦活，老感到累，
不过我不介意。对话所用的现在时表明现在还在酒吧里上
班，用现在进行时描述现阶段长期重复的一个动作。故选
A。 A
1．表示动作从过去开始，持续到现在，还有可能持续
下去。与这一时态连用的时间状语有：already，yet,
just, ever, never, by now, so far, recently，since，for
短语,连词since引导的时间状语从句。
We have lived here since 1991.我们从1991年就住在这儿。
Great changes have taken place in our city in the past few
years.最近几年我们的城市有了很多变化。三、现在完成时2．到现在为止这一时期中发生的动作或情况，即多次动作
的总和。
We have learnt four English songs this month.
这一个月我们学会了四首英文歌曲。
How many times have you read the novel?
这本小说你读了几遍？
For many days we haven’t seen each other.
我们已经好多天没见面了。3．表示对现在有影响的、某个已经发生的动作。
The delegation has left. 代表团已经走了。(说明现在
不在这里)
4．表示短暂性动作的瞬间动词在完成时中不与表示时
间段的状语或疑问词连用。这样的动词有finish，
marry，come, go, leave, get up, buy, fall, join, begin等。
He has left.他已经走了。
He has been away for six years.他已经走了6年了。【单项填空】
③It is the most instructive lecture that I________since I came
to this school.
A．attended B．had attended
C．am attending D．have attended
解析 考查动词的时态。句意为：自从我到这个学校以来，
这是我所听到的最有教育意义的演讲。since自从……以来，
引导过去时的从句时，主句用现在完成时。故选D。
D表示将要发生的动作或情况，主要从时间的角度表示将
要发生的动作或情况。与这个时态连用的时间状语有
tonight, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week，in
three hours, two days later等。
He will have a bike of his own next week.
他下周就会有自己的自行车。四、一般将来时其他表示将来的用法：
1．be going to结构：①表示打算或准备做某事时。
②表示有发生某事的预兆。
They are going to have a competition with us.
他们打算跟我们来一场比赛。
It is going to rain.天要下雨了。
2．be about to do sth结构：意为“刚要做某事”
“马上要做某事”，强调时间之紧迫性，不与
具体时间状语连用，常与when －起连用。
We are about to discuss this problem.
我们将马上讨论这个问题。
I was about to go out when the telephone rang.
我正打算要出去，这时候电话响了。3．be to do sth.结构：表示按计划、安排、
规定将实施某事或表示注定会发生某事。
All these things are to be answered.
这些事情都要得到答复。
We are to meet at the school gate at six in
the morning.
我们定于早晨6点在学校碰头。【单项填空】
④In the near future, more advances in the robot
technology________by scientists.
A．are making B．are made
C．will make D．will be made
解析 考查动词的时态和语态。句意为：在不久的将来，科
学家将会在机器人技术上取得更大的进展。in the near future
表明了将来的时间，more advances与 make逻辑关系上存在
着被动，故选D。
D易错句型，难分难解
研究近几年全国各省市高考题发现，基础知识的考查越来越
受到重视。由于对一些易混句型认识不清，尤其是三大从句
(定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句)，强调句以及并列句的混
淆，导致考生大量失分。下面以近几年高考题，各地模拟题
为例，对易错考点进行分析，以帮助广大考生顺利地备考。
1．________is known to us all is that the 2012 Olympic Games
will take place in London.
A．It B．What C．As D．Which【易错警示】
易错点：as引导的非限制性定语从句，what引导的主语从
句，it作形式主语和that引导的主语从句的混合考查。
错误原因：不能正确地把握句子结构。
解题思路：(注意划线部分的细微差别) What is known to us all
是主语从句，所以选B；若选A，应该是：It is known to us all
that the 2012 Olympic Games will take place in London.it是
形式主语，that从句作真正的主语；若选C，应该是：“As is
known to us all, the 2012 Olympic Games will take place in
London.”as引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面的整个主句；
此句还可以变成：“That the 2012 Olympic Games will take
place in London is known to us all.”that引导主语从句。2．—Where did you get to know her?
—It was on the farm________we worked.
A．that B．there C．which D．where【易错警示】
易错点：强调句与it句式的混合考查。
错误原因：把it开头的句子都误认为是强调句。
解题思路：强调句的结构是：It is/was＋被强调部分＋
that/who＋其它，它的判断方法是：如果去掉It is/was和
that/who，剩下的仍然是一个完整的句子，是强调句，否则
就要考虑这个it句式可能包含定语从句或状语从句。此题中
where引导定语从句，在定语从句中作状语，先行词是farm。但奇怪的是，本句去掉It is/was 和要填的部分后仍然完整，
所以很多同学选择A，误认为是强调句，实际上根据语境：
——你是在哪儿认识她的？——我是在我们工作过的农场认识
她的。所以本句是一个包含定语从句的省略的强调句。补
全应该是：It was on the farm where we worked that I got
to know her.所以选D。
知识拓展：强调句与含有状语从句的it句式的混合考查。
(1)It was/will be＋时间段＋before从句，意思是“过……才/
就……”
注意：①before引导的从句不能用将来时，只能用一般现在时
或一般过去时。
②本句型的主句不能用一般现在时。
③在before前的时间暗示“多久”，译为“……才……”，在
before前的时间暗示“短暂”，译为“……就……”。(2)It is/has been/was/had been＋时间段 ＋ since从句，意思
是“自从……”。
注意：①since从句若用一般过去时态，主句动词用is或has
been，若since从句用过去完成时态，主句动词用was或had
been。
②since从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，如果从句的谓
语动词是延续性动词，翻译成否定，因为时间的计算从since
从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。常见的延续性动词有：
enjoy，smoke，live, teach等。如：It is three years since I
smoked. ＝It is three years since I stopped smoking.“我不吸
烟有三年了。”如果要说：“我吸烟有三年了”，应该是：
It is three years since I began to smoke.。(3) It was＋时刻＋when从句意思是“当……时候……”。
(4)含有not until的强调句：“It was not until...＋that＋其
它”，或当强调句的被强调部分是时间时很容易和其它句
型混淆。例：①It was not until midnight________they reached the
camp site.
A．that B．when C．while D．as
解析 句中含有not until的强调句。
A②I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long, but it’ll still be
some time________Brian gets back.
A．before B．since C．till D．after
解析 句中：It will be＋时间段＋before从句。句意：仍
然要过一段时间Brian才能回来。
A③—Did Jack come back early last night?
—Yes. It was not yet eight o’clock________he arrived home.
A．before B．when C．that D．until
解析 句中含有“It was＋时刻＋when从句”句型。句意：
他到家时还不到八点。
B④That was really a splendid evening. It’s years________I
enjoyed myself so much.
A．when B．that
C．before D．since
解析 “It is/has been＋时间段＋since从句”句型。句意：
我好多年没有这么高兴过了。
D⑤It was some time later________we realized the truth.
A．until B．before C．that D．since
解析 强调句，被强调部分是some time later。
C3．—Mom, what did your doctor say?
—He advised me to live________the air is fresher.
A．in where B．in which
C．the place where D．where【易错警示】
易错点：where引导的定语从句和where引导的状语从句和名
词性从句的混合考查。
错误原因：对定语从句的定势思维。
解题思路：where引导的定语从句和where引导的状语从句和
名词性从句的区别：
where引导的定语从句有先行词，而状语从句和名词性从句
没有先行词。联系：where状语从句引导词
＝介词＋where名词性从句引导词
＝介词＋先行词＋where定语从句引导词
(＝介词＋先行词＋介词＋which定语从句引导词)
本题考查的是where引导的状语从句，所以选D，不能换成
B。如果要换成定语从句，全句为：He advised me to live in
the place where the air is fresher.
4．Mount Wuyi is such an attractive place of
interest________everyone likes to visit.
A．that B．as
C．which D．what
5．His plan was such a good one ________we all agreed to
accept it.
A．so B．and C．that D．as【易错警示】
易错点：as引导的限制性定语从句与结果状语从句。
错误原因：错误地认为such/so后面都是that。
解题思路：在such...as/so...as中，as引导的是定语从句，先
行词指物，as在定语从句中充当主语或宾语；在
such...that.../so...that...中，that引导的是状语从句，that
只起连接作用，不作成分。①第4题因为前面有such，所以锁定A、 B。要填的部分在从
句中作visit的宾语，所以选B，as引导定语从句；如果改成
A，全句应为：Mount Wuyi is such an attractive place of
interest that everyone likes to visit it.。
②第5题因为前面有such，所以锁定C、D，又因为要填的部
分在从句中不作成分，所以选C，that引导状语从句；如果改
成定语从句，全句应为：His plan was such a good one
as we all agreed to accept.。6．The road conditions there turned out to be very good，
______was more than we could expect.
A．it B．what C．which D．that
7．The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a
holiday, but________ didn’t help.
A．it B．she C．which D．he【易错警示】
易错点：非限制性定语从句与并列句的混合考查。
错误原因：忽视关键词的作用。
解题思路：识别并列句的关键：并列句通常用并列连词and，
but，or等连接两个分句。如果无并列连词或标点是逗号，则
可能是含有定语从句的主从复合句。①第6题which引导的非限制性定语从句，指代前面的整个句
子的内容，所以选C。如果改成并列句，全句为：
The road conditions there turned out to be very good，
And it/that was more than we could expect.。
②第7题but标志着两个分句是并列关系，it指代前面分句的
内容，且充当第二个分句的主语，所以选A；若去掉but，应
选C，which引导非限制性定语从句。
