人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 单元要点回顾练习（含答案）
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选择性必修第三册Unit 4 单元要点回顾
知识点1 单元长难句突破
1. These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults. 这些坏习惯如果不加以控制，成年后可能会导致更严重的坏习惯。
【句式剖析】
(1) if left unchecked是if they are left unchecked的省略形式；if条件句中如果从句主语和句子主语一
致，可以直接跟分词形式。
(2) 例句：
[例1] If asked, I would say that I belong to the generation of hope. 如果被问到，我会说我属于希望的一代。
[例2] If invited to a wedding，you will receive an invitation six to eight weeks before the event. 如果有人邀请你参加婚礼，你会在婚礼之前六到八个星期收到请帖。
[链接写作]——完成句子
如果故事讲得好的话，它会彰显你的个性和背景。
______________________________________________________________________________
Keys：If told properly, stories should reveal a lot of facts about your personality and background.
【知识拓展】
when，while，once，unless等引导状语从句也有类似用法，后面可以跟现在分词、过去分词、不定式等。
【练习】——单句语法填空
①Unless __________(invite) to speak，you should remain silent at the conference.
②The research is so designed that once __________ (begin) nothing can be done to change it.
Keys:1. invited 2. began
2. So, when we feel unhappy again (cue), rather than eat snacks, we could listen to some of our favourite music instead (routine)... 所以，当我们再次感到不开心时(暗示)，而不是吃零食，我们可以听一些我们最喜欢的音乐来代替(常规)……
【句式剖析】
(1) 句中的rather than连接并列谓语，listen to和eat。
(2) 例句：
[例1] Much of the food pleases rather than excites. 这些食物中许多只是让人满意，但并不让人兴奋。
[例2] He decided to write rather than telephone. 他决定写信，不打电话。
[链接写作]——完成句子
我们尽快把它完成吧，不要再拖了。
______________________________________________________________________________
Key:Let's get it over with as soon as possible，rather than drag it out.
【知识拓展】
(1)rather than用作连词，连接两个平行结构。
它构成的句型结构：
prefer to do...rather than do... 宁愿做……而不愿意做……
would do...rather than do... 宁愿做……而不愿意做……
would rather do...than do... 宁愿做……而不愿意做……
(2) rather than用作介词，与instead of同义。
(3)A rather than B作主语时，谓语要与A在人称、数上保持一致。
【练习】——单句语法填空
①You rather than I __________(be) going to go camping.
②I prefer __________(play) basketball rather than go fishing.
Keys:are; to play
3. The main idea is sometimes stated in either the opening or closing sentence.主题有时在开头或结尾的句子中陈述。
【句式剖析】
(1)either...or...为“或者……或者……;不是……就是……”之意,表示两者之一,连接句子中两个并列的成分。
(2) 例句：
[例1] When the girl is happy,she either sings or dances. 那个女孩高兴时,不是唱歌就是跳舞。
[例2] You can choose to either travel with him or take the ticket and travel on your own. 你可以选择和他一起旅行或拿着这张票单独旅行。
4. If it weren’t for sea animals, we would all starve. 要是没有海洋动物，我们都会饿死的。
【句式剖析】本句为if引导的虚拟条件句，叙述与现在事实相反的假设。虚拟语气在if虚拟条件句中的运用：
虚拟 条件句 主句
与现在事实相反的假设 动词的过去式(be动词一般用were) would/could/should/might＋动词原形
与过去事实相反的假设 had＋过去分词 would/could/should/might＋have＋过去分词
与将来事实相反的假设 ①动词的过去式 ②were to＋动词原形 ③should＋动词原形 would/could/should/might＋动词原形
【练习】——句子仿写
1. 如果他们开车多走几公里，就有可能找到一个更好的宾馆。
They might have found a better hotel if they ______________________________________.
2. 如果我是你的话，我会马上去看牙医。
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3. 要是我来做这件事，我会用一种不同的方法来做。
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Keys：1. had driven a few more kilometers. 2. If I were you, I should/would go and see the dentist at once.
3. If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way.
知识点2 单元话题写作——人物描写
本单元写作项目是描述一个有毅力的人物，属于人物描写的写作范畴。
[基本框架]
1．开头(beginning)——总体介绍
2．主体(body)——详细介绍
3．结尾(ending)——简要总结
[常用词块]
1．be keen on 喜欢……
2．adapt himself to...使自己适应……
3．have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难
4．be eager/thirsty/dying to do sth.渴望做某事
5．gain reputation for获得……荣誉
6．have a talent/gift for...有……天赋
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
1．Allan Stewart，of Australian nationality，was born on March 7th，1915. 艾伦·斯图尔特，澳大利亚国籍，1915年3月7日出生。
2．Born in 1911 in Shanghai，Qian Xuesen is one of the greatest scientists in the world. 钱学森，1911年生于上海，是世界上最伟大的科学家之一。
3．Born into a rich family in Shanghai on Nov. 4th，1933，Charles Kuen Kao showed great interest in doing
different experiments during his childhood. 1933年11月4日出生于上海一个富裕的家庭，高锟从小就对做不同的实验表现出极大的兴趣。
★正文佳句
1．He is clever as well as friendly.他既聪明又友好。
2．He is such an honest man that all think highly of him.他是如此诚实的一个人，以至于所有人都高度评价
他。
3．His modesty leaves us a deep impression.他的谦虚给我们留下了深刻印象。
★余味结尾
1．All in all，in my view，Yang has a good future considering his ability and faith.总之，在我看来，考虑到他的能力和信念，杨有一个美好的未来。
2．Not only did she make great contributions to the world of science but she is regarded as the greatest woman scientist on account of what she did.她不仅为科学界做出了巨大贡献，而且因为她的所作所为她被认为是最伟大的女科学家。
3．His scientific achievement has shaped the foundations of today's communication.他的科学成就为今天的通信奠定了基础。
[典例演练]
请根据以下信息，介绍一位热门人物。
姓 名：莫言(管谟业)
出生日期：1955年2月17日
出 生 地：山东省高密市一个穷苦人家
兴趣爱好：自幼喜欢阅读、书法(calligraphy)
性格特征：开朗、幽默
主要成就：2011年凭借《蛙》获中国最高文学奖“茅盾文学奖”；2012年获诺贝尔文学奖(Nobel Prize in
Literature)。
评 价：第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的中国作家，被誉为是对中国文学做出巨大贡献的作家之一。
1. 使用非谓语和定语从句，翻译人物基本信息。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.使用倒装句，翻译两个个性特征。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. 在一个句子内，使用定语从句，翻译人物主要成就和评价信息。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. 连句成文。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Keys：
Born into a poor family in Gaomi，Shandong Province on February 17，1955，Mo Yan，whose original name is Guan Moye，showed great interest in reading and calligraphy in his early years. What's more，not only is he outgoing but he also has a strong sense of humor.With a talent for literature，he won China's highest literature prize，Mao Dun Literature Prize by his book Frog in 2011. To all Chinese's excitement，a year later he became the first Chinese writer to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature，which will certainly make great contributions to the development of Chinese literature.
【课前检查】
语法填空
Three and a half years ago, I was standing on the sidewalk waiting to cross the street when a pickup came through the crossroad 1. ________ (try)to turn right. His rate of speed and blood alcohol caused him to go up on the sidewalk and hit me. I was a nurse and loved my job, but the injuries 2. ________ (leave) me with a paralyzed arm among other injuries. The driver was 3. ________ young man in his 20’s. The law would have made him in prison for about 10 years., this would 4. ________(obvious) not have got me back to work. I asked the judge to give give the minimum sentence 5. ________ alcohol recovery classes. This young man had been very 6. ________ (regret)and when I reached out to him in a letter trying to understand the circumstances of the accident, he could have ignored my letter, 7. ________ he called me and apologized again. We have all been young once, and have made 8. ________(mistake). My forgiveness helped me enormously, and any anger or 9. ________ (punish)would not have given me my arm back or my job. Before you react to a situation, think of the consequences of your reaction and remember 10. ________ the other person is a human being.
Keys：记叙文, 作者被酒驾司机撞伤, 胳膊残废, 再也不能做喜欢的护士工作了, 但她觉得再怎么生气, 再惩罚那个司机也无助于自己胳膊的康复和自己工作的恢复, 所以请求法官对司机处以最低惩罚, 对司机的原谅也使作者自己放下了包袱。
1. trying 2. left 3. a 4. obviously 5. with 6. regretful 7. but 8. mistakes 9. punishment 10. that
单句语法填空
1. For most citizens, ___________ (wage)are the only source of income.
2. Although 38 percent of the people died of diseases during the ___________ (expedite) , Cook's diet of proper food kept the rest of them healthy.
3. Finally one day, I did it, I ___________ (turn) down an unreasonable request.
11. I've always looked to my father for ___________ (guide) on these matters.
12. Although we ___________ (thorough) understand each other, we have differences sometimes.
13. Value the present moment and remember how ___________ (fortune) you are to be alive.
14. They placed an ___________ (advertise) in the local paper for a secretary.
15. Nobody was very ___________ (enthusiasm) about it, so they decided to cancel the trip.
16. The most important criterion for entry is that ___________ (apply) have design and make their own work.
Keys：1. wages 2. expedition 3. turned 4. qualified 5. assignment 6. abandoned 7.perseverance 8. resolution
9. application mitment 11. guidance 12. thoroughly 13. fortunate 14. advertisement 15. enthusiastic
16. applicants
【问题查找】
长难句
I. 教材原句考查
1. An expedition to the South Pole with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton— ____________________ (这是我一直梦想的冒险).
2. But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship，the Endurance，and _______________________ (藏在一个小柜子里).
3. We have been struggling for days，but things on Elephant Island are going _______________________ (每况愈下).
4. How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about _______________________ (我去过的那些神奇的地方).
5. Soon after we arrived，Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island，1，330 kilometers away—
the voyage was _______________________.(这次航行太危险了，很难让我们所有人都坐上小船).
Keys:1. this is the adventure that I have been dreaming of.
2. hid in a small cupboard.
3. from bad to worse.
4. the amazing places I have been to!
5. too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it in our small boats.
II. 选词填空
turn down; dream of; be enthusiastic about; set off; become stuck in; from bad to worse; hold on; after all
1. Urban traffic is getting _______________________.
2. When the Belgica _______________________ pack ice, her crew achieved the unintended distinction of
being the first humans to overwinter in the Antarctic.
3. The manager asked him to _______________________while he investigated.
4. She could not bear the relentless music and _______________________ the volume.
5. So you did make it to America，_______________________.
6. We _______________________ to see the Pyramids and Sphinx.
7. At the time he _______________________ becoming a soccer player.
8. He______________________ both study and physical labour.
Keys:1. from bad to worse.2. became stuck in3. hold on4. turned down5. after all6. set off7. dreamed of8. is enthusiastic about
III.重点句型翻译
1.这些坏习惯如果不加以检查，成年后可能会导致更严重的坏习惯。
_______________________________________________________________________________
2.很快，这种选择就会自动形成一种很难改变的习惯。
_______________________________________________________________________________
3.好消息是，如果我们了解习惯是如何工作的，我们可以改变。
_______________________________________________________________________________
4.想要促使不良习惯朝着积极的方向变化，我们首先必须审视、调整我们的习惯环。
_______________________________________________________________________________
5.我们中的许多人试图迅速改变坏习惯，如果我们不能马上成功，我们往往会变得悲观而放弃。
_______________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1. These bad habits，if left unchecked，could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.
2. Soon that choice becomes automatic and forms a habit that is much harder to change.
3. The good news is that we can change, if we understand how habits work.
4. To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.
5. Many of us try to change bad habits quickly，and if we are not successful straight away, we often become pessimistic and give up.
【查漏补缺】
单句语法填空
1．Math is too difficult for me _________ (learn) well.
2．Mike is _________ an honest boy that we all believe him.
3．Previous teaching experience is a necessary _________ (qualify) for this job.
4．But the basement won out and they set about _________ (try) to raise more money for the business.
5．The child was found _________ (abandon) but unharmed.
6．I needed to sort my _________ (belong) at that time.
Keys:1.to learn2.such3. qualification4.trying5. abandoned6. belongings
【强化巩固】
I. 单句语法填空
1．The Chinese government ___________________ (do) research into vaccine (疫苗) against African Swine
Fever for months，recently many have received the first doses.
2．The dollar___________________ (climb) steadily all week.
3．I ___________________ (wait) for an hour and a half.
4．She is very tired. She ___________________ (work) all morning.
5．Jim ___________________ (phone) Jenny every night for the past week.
6．They ___________________ (build) the bridge for two months.
7．The telephone ___________________ (ring) in the office all the morning.
Keys: 1. has been doing2. has been climbing3. have been waiting4. has been working5. has been phoning6. have been building7. has been ringing
语法填空
Dear dairy,
It has been two months since I went into my senior high school. There is no doubt that senior high school years should be filled with lots of challenges, which are 15.___________ great significance to our learning and growth. Taking chances bravely as well as 16.___________ (manage) time wisely is of equal importance. 17.___________, efforts matter. I always keep in mind that those who make the most of time and resources will hold themselves to 18.___________ (high) standards. From my point of view, this is all quite new and different from life at junior high school, but I believe I will make 19.___________.
Parent-child tensions seem quite common among teenagers in senior high school and I am no exception.I often struggle to 20.___________ (recognize) by my parents. Disagreements and 21.___________ (misunderstand) may happen over the course of parent-child relationship.
A real friend is a person 22.___________ support we can count on through thick and thin. It is likely that we come from different background, while we can also give each other encouragement and 23.___________ (comfortable). Friendship is worth valuing and requires effort.
I believe these chances and challenges of senior school life will bring out 24.___________ best in me.
Keys: 15. of 16. managing 17. Therefore 18. higher 19. it
20. be recognized 21. misunderstandings 22. whose fort 24. the
日记。作者自从上高中以来已经两个月了。毫无疑问，高中生活应该充满了很多挑战，对学习和成长是非常重要的。作者相信这些高中生活的机会和挑战会让他变得更好。
【课后练习】
阅读理解
A
Take a trip to one of London’s theme parks for an adrenaline-packed day out. From thrilling rides through history, to wild animals—both mythical and real—London’s theme parks offer great entertainment for families and groups.
Unlike most London attractions, some amusement parks aren’t in central London, but are easily reached by train, coach or car.
Chessington World of Adventures
Whether it’s adrenaline-pumping rides, wild animals or underwater adventures you’re after, Chessington delivers. There are three main sections: the theme park has 10 themed lands with more than 40 rides and attractions including roller coasters, dodgems and rides suitable for younger children. Chessington Zoo houses 1,000 animals including tigers, lions, giraffes, penguins and a petting zoo.
Shrek’s Adventure
Board the Dreamworks. Tour Bus for a 4D experience with cheeky Donkey as your guide. You’ll be taken through 10 live,fairy-tale-themed shows including Shrek’s Swamp and a mirror maze(迷宫).Suitable for all ages,but particularly those aged 6 to 12 years old.
London Dungeon
Take a scary but humorous 90-minute journey through 1,000 years of London’s history at the ever-popular London Dungeon. There are 18 interactive shows with 20 live theatre actors and two rides to guide you through the city’s murky past. Walk the Whitechapel Maze with Jack the Ripper, visit a medieval torture chamber, and be careful not to lose your head on The Tyrant boat ride with King Henry Ⅷ!
KidZania
Set your imagination free at KidZania at Westfield London—the new role-playing park for children that’s taking the world by storm. A child-size city complete with shops and locations including a fire station, a bank and a theatre stage where children can role-play around 60 different jobs and professions, KidZania aims to teach life skills such as financial literacy, teamwork and independence.
1.If visitors want to enjoy the excitement of roller coasters, they can go to ______________- .
A.KidZania B.Shrek’s Adventure C.London Dungeon D.Chessington World of Adventures
2.Who might be most likely interested in London Dungeon
A.Students studying history. B.Underwater adventurers.
C.Police officers. D.Animal lovers.
3.Where does this text probably come from
A.A science textbook. B.A news report.
C.A travel guidebook. D.A geography magazine.
Keys:DAC
B
Growing up, Deka Ismail said she let labels define what she could be. “I was a black girl, from a refugee(难民) family,” said Deka. “It was as if I was only allowed to explore in this predetermined box.”
After a high school chemistry class inspired her to think about a career in science and gave her confidence in the field, Deka learned to live outside labels and began making big plans for her future. Now she is about to begin her freshman year at the University of California, planning to become a professor.
Born and raised in San Diego's City Heights neighbourhood, Deka is the daughter of a Somalia refugee couple. While some might say Deka's success happened in spite of her background, she would say differently, that her experiences shaped her and inspired her to be a driven(奋发努力的), young scientist.
When Deka was eight years old, her mother got a job by studying hard back in school in order to support the whole family. That made Deka realize that education could make a difference to one's life. She spent a lot of time in the library reading books, and didn't do many of the things her peers did, like partying or having romantic relationships.
“I always felt like I had to be the perfect girl for my family,” said Deka. “You have to not even do your best but two times better than everyone else. I felt like the whole world was waiting for me to mess up.”
Deka's effort paid off. The summer before her senior year of high school, she was accepted into the American Chemical Society Project SEED Programme. “She brought both enthusiasm and focus,” Botham, a researcher at this research institute, recalled. “She arrived every day ready to work, ready to learn and ready to resolve new challenges regardless of whether or not she had done anything similar.”
When asked what advice she would give to others like her, Deka warned them not to underestimate themselves. “Don't tell yourself that scholarship is too big, this programme is too competitive or I'll never get into this school,” she said. “I was not sure whether I could make it until I started seeing the acceptance letters rolling in.”
4.From the passage, we can learn that _________________.
A.Deka was adopted by a refugee family B.Deka spent a lot of time going to parties
C.Deka became a professor after graduation D.Deka's experiences drove her to work hard
5.Deka realized the importance of education _________________.
A.from her mother's experience B.after her chemistry class
C.by reading books in the library D.through working at the institute
6.According to the last paragraph, Deka advised that students should be _________________.
A.patient B.positive C.ambitious D.enthusiastic
7.What does the story intend to tell us
A.Life is not all roses. B.Practice makes perfect.
C.Well begun is half done. D.Hard work leads to success.
\Keys: 记叙文。文章讲述了难民家庭出身的黑人女孩Deka决心奋发努力,改变现状,在学习和工作中奋力拼搏的经历。
4.D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的she would say differently, that her experiences shaped her and inspired her to be a driven, young scientist可知是她的经历使她奋发努力,故D项 正确。注意该题中的C项,由文章第二段最后一句可知她现在即将上大学,打算成为一名教授,所以C项“她毕业后成了一名教授”表述是不准确的,可排除。
5.A 细节理解题。第四段第二句That made Deka realize that education could make a difference to one's life.中的That指前一句她母亲的经历,所以是她母亲的经历使她意识到教育的重要性,故A项正确。
6.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的...Deka warned them not to underestimate themselves. “Don't tell yourself that scholarship is too big...I'll never get into this school,”可知Deka建议学生要敢于梦想,要有雄心,所以C项正确。
7.D 主旨大意题。文章讲述Deka为了改变自身的状况,舍弃了很多同龄人的娱乐、交往等活动,在学习和工作中奋力拼搏的经历,故可判断故事的意图是告诉我们勤奋造就成功。
C
An obstacle(障碍)usually refers to a difficulty or problem that prevents you from achieving something. Whether it was in your past, or you're presently facing an obstacle, you have to resolve it. Some people avoid obstacles or deny their existence. Others let obstacles control them, and they feel defeated. Your attitude towards obstacles will define the outcome of whether you rise from the challenge, or remain stuck in it. Here are some reasons for loving obstacles.
First, obstacles give you purposes. Sometimes obstacles can reset your goals. You might have always had a particular way of doing things, or wanted to pursue(追求)certain goals, but when you're faced with setbacks or difficulties, you're forced to rethink, and re-examine your path. You may end up focusing on something new and exciting. Or, you may concentrate on something that you otherwise wouldn't have if not for the particular setback. By having to overcome an obstacle, you'll be trying your best to fulfill a purpose, rather than just going through the motions. Second, obstacles prepare you for the unexpected. Obstacles serve as guides to where to go next. Even though obstacles can bring out many negative emotions in us, such as frustration, anger, or sadness, it's important to realize that they don't stop you from reaching your intended goals. Instead, they, in a way, give you time to stop and think if perhaps there is a new and better path to take and what you can prepare for what will happen along the way. Obstacles shift(转变) your perspective.
Obstacles, whether you like them or not, are unavoidable. Life will never stop throwing you new obstacles. So, the best thing to do is know how to better see and deal with these obstacles, and transform them into opportunities for self-improvement. The more you're able to see obstacles as advantages in your life, the better you'll be at managing them.
Accepting obstacles will be rewarding. It will make you constantly change and adapt to new situations, allowing you to grow into a better version of yourself.
12.What determines the outcome of obstacles you face
A.Your own attitude. B.Your quick adaptation.
C.Your adequate preparation. D.Your optimistic perseverance.
13.What does the underlined part probably mean
A.Acting enthusiastically. B.Acting half-heartedly.
C.Being more motivated. D.Being more determined.
14.How would obstacles result in benefits
A.They prevent your negative emotions. B.They give you advantages over others.
C.They make you think quickly and critically. D.They allow you to view things from new angles.
15.What's the main idea of the passage
A.Avoiding obstacles does harm to life. B.Loving obstacles benefits a lot.
C.Obstacles are actually unavoidable. D.Obstacles are double-edged swords.
Keys: 议论文,阐述的主要观点为:以积极的态度对待人生中的障碍,因为它们有益于人的成长和提升。
12.A 细节理解题。 由第一段第五句中的Your attitude towards obstacles will define the outcome可知决定人生障碍的最终结果的是人的态度,故A项正确。
13.B 推理判断题。由画线部分前面的rather than just 可知画线部分的意思与前面的you'll be trying your best to fulfill a purpose 意思相反。trying your best to fulfill a purpose在这里指全力以赴实现目标,故可推测going through the motions指并未全力去做事,而只是走过场,故B项正确。
14.D 细节理解题。由第二段最后两句Instead, they, in a way, give you time to stop and think if perhaps there is a new and better path to take and what you can prepare for what will happen along the way. Obstacles shift(转变) your perspective.可知障碍会使人寻找更新、更好的途径,转变人看待问题的视角,故D项正确。
15.B 主旨大意题。本文第一段点题,指出障碍值得人们去爱,第二段从两个方面阐述了障碍带给人的好处,第三、四段总结,指出把障碍看作有利因素,克服障碍会使人得到提升,故全文的主旨是接受障碍对人有益,所以B项正确。
七选五
Tips for overcoming adversity
◆ Be aware of, and accept that adversity is unavoidable in life. 36.________ To avoid or resist it will only make it persist (持续). Everywhere you look in the world there is unmistakable struggle. There are floods, tsunamis, wars and disasters of all types. Although pain is unavoidable, suffering is optional.
◆ Build your internal resources. Before adversity hits, work on cultivating ( 培养) emotional strength, courage and discipline. When you make yourself aware that certain difficulties are unavoidable, you can prepare yourself mentally for facing adversity head-on. 37.________
◆ Build your external resources. Build a support system of family and friends. 38.________ We need someone to talk to, someone to help ease the burden ( 负担). You would be surprised to discover how often a friend has had a similar experience and can help guide you through the difficult time.
◆ That what does not kill you will make you stronger. If you do not have enough built-up resilience ( 韧性) or experience in dealing with difficulties, adversity can crush you. 39.________ Resilience like any muscle is built up gradually with repeated exposure to adversity.
◆ Take inspiration and learn from others who have dealt successfully with adversity. There are many inspiring stories of people who overcame seemingly insurmountable ( 无法超越的) difficulties. 40.________ For example, when Helen Keller was only 18 months old, she lost her sight and hearing due to a mysterious fever. She overcame her deafness and blindness to become a strong and educated woman.
A. Whether we like it or not, adversity is part of life.
B. But just knowing a friend is there can be most comforting.
C. But if you have sufficient resilience, it will make you stronger.
D. He prepares himself physically and mentally for any possibility.
E. When the going gets tough, we all need encouragement and support.
F. Usually, when you're prepared for the worst, the worst never happens.
G. They overcame adversity to live successful lives instead of yielding to it.
Keys: 说明文。文章介绍了几条如何战胜逆境的建议。
36. A。设空处是对上文的进一步解释。A项是对上文中adversity is unavoidable in life的具体说明。下文To avoid or resist it中的it指代A项中的adversity。
37. F。设空处和下文是顺承关系。上文中提到内心做好准备，F项是做好该准备后的结果，同时，F项中的prepared和上文中的prepare构成原词复现。
38. E。设空处是对上文的进一步解释。E项中的support和上文中的support构成原词复现，同时，E项中的we all need encouragement and support和下文中的We need someone to talk to, someone to help ease the burden相照应。
39. C。设空处和上文是转折关系。C项中的if you have sufficient resilience, it will make youstronger和上文中的If you do not have enough built‐up resilience ... adversity can crush you形成对比。
40. G。设空处和下文是解说关系。下文举例说明了G项中的They overcame adversity to live successful lives。For example是提示。
完形填空
A
I recently attended an event called “Building Your Resilience”. At the seminar ( 研讨班), we ____41____ the problems university students face, such as issues of health and wellness in relation to being a student and ____42____ a career.
I learned that there are many things that stop us from being fully motivated to achieve our ultimate ____43____ of a degree. One of the biggest factors is stress, which can ____44____ our academic performance. Yet we are left ____45____ of what to do.
One thing that can help during times of adversity is to be resilient. We must have ____46____ to be able to take risks and jump into the ____47____.
My biggest challenge was changing my ____48____. I started my post-secondary degree in the Business program, but I'd actually always been ____49____ literature. I stayed with Business for a while, trying to ____50____ myself it would be easier for me to find a job with a Business degree, but that just ____51____ my stress and hurt my performance in school. I personally struggled with changing my major. But doing so in the end is what ____52____ me and enabled me to grow. Decisions you make for yourself will ____53____ build your resilience.
Taking action in your life can feel ____54____ at times. Although there is risk in creating our own paths, I believe facing this risk builds the ____55____ needed to do the things you love. And when adversity does happen, know that you have the courage and capacity to bounce back (重整旗鼓).
41. A. created B. presented C. avoided D. tackled
42. A. changing B. building C. ruining D. ending
43. A. goal B. choice C. request D. knowledge
44. A. improve B. assess C. affect D. measure
45. A. aware B. unsure C. fearful D. informed
46. A. power B. wisdom C. courage D. calmness
47. A. conventional B. unconcerned C. original D. unknown
48. A. major B. career C. image D. direction
49. A. curious about B. worried about C. uncertain about D. passionate about
50. A. convince B. remind C. guarantee D. warn
51. A. marked B. increased C. removed D. reduced
52. A. challenged B. protected C. threatened D. satisfied
53. A. repeatedly B. ultimately C. fortunately D. immediately
54. A. enjoyable B. confusing C. exciting D. dangerous
55. A. honesty B. modesty C. bravery D. pride
Keys: 夹叙夹议文。当面对生活中的困境时，我们应鼓起勇气采取行动，去追求自己热爱的事情。
41. D。由上文中的seminar以及该空后的the problems university students face可知，在研讨班上，我们“解决了（tackled）”大学生面对的问题。
42. B。由上文中的problems和university students以及issues可知，我们解决了大学生面临的与作为学生和“开启（building）”职业生涯相关的健康问题。
43. A。由上文中的university students和该空后的a degree可知，作为大学生，最终“目标（goal）” 是获得学位。
44. C。由上文中的there are many things that stop us from being fully motivated和stress可知，压力是最大的因素之一，它会“影响（affect）”我们的学业成绩。
45. B。由该空前的Yet以及该空后的what to do可知，然而，我们“不确定（unsure）”我们能做什么。
46. C。47. D。由上文中的during times of adversity is to be resilient以及该句中的take risks可知，在逆境中，唯有拥有韧性可以帮你。我们必须有“勇气（courage）”去冒险，跳入 “未知的（unknown）”世界。
48. A。由下文的描述以及I personally struggled with changing my major可知，“我”面临的挑战是更换“我”的“专业（major）”。
49. D。由下文的描述可知，“我”一开始读的是商务专业，但事实上“我”一直对文学“感兴趣（passionate about）”。
50. A。由上文中的I stayed with Business for a while以及该空后的it would be easier for me to find a job with a Business degree可知，“我”学了一段时间商务，努力“说服（convince）”自己拥有一个商学学位会更容易找到工作。
51. B。由该空后的and hurt my performance in school可知，设空处与hurt my performance并列，都表示不好的结果，故B项“增加了 （increased）”“我”的压力符合语境。
52. A。由该空后的and enabled me to grow可知，这就是“挑战（challenged）”“我”并使“我”成长的经历。
53. B。由文中的描述可知，作者通过自己的经历想要说明：你为自己做的决定“最终（ultimately）”会增强你的韧性。
54. D。由下文中的there is risk可知，在生活中采取行动有时会令人感到“危险（dangerous）”。
55. C。由该空前的facing this risk以及下文中的have the courage and capacity to bounce back可知，尽管开辟自己的道路是有风险的，但是直面这种风险会增强你去做自己热爱的事情的“勇气（bravery）”。
B
While my friends went away to their universities in great delight, I restarted my senior high school life. My spirits____21____ at the prospect of starting all over again.
____22____by strange classmates, I felt as though I were in a maze(迷宫) and felt____23____ for myself. There were some complex feelings in my mind. I was frightened, nervous and lonely.
To make matters worse, I recalled my failure again and again, which put more pressure on me than I could bear. As a result, I was always feeling____24____during class.
One of my teachers noticed my depression and one day he asked me to come to his office, where he told me about his____25____ towards life. He said we might____26____ from making mistakes, but it was important to shape ourselves into the people we____27____. All the growing pains and the embarrassing things we____28____are parts of the process. We never stop____29____, so learn from it and keep your spirits up! If you are optimistic, things you want may____30____ to you! Warm feelings rushed through me. I____31____ saw the sun shining again when I stepped out of his office.
With the teacher's help, I finally got over my depression. From then on, I no longer____32____ my head but began smiling at my classmates. I put up my hand____33____ in class and tried to answer the teacher's questions correctly.
I____34____ have a thirst for my ideal university,____35____ I'm not afraid of failure because I can benefit from it.
21.A.sank B.failed C.disappeared D.ran
22.A.Hit B.Surrounded C.Struck D.Loved
23.A.unlucky B.angry C.sorry D.afraid
24.A.high B.down C.lonely D.happy
25.A.way B.method C.measure D.attitude
26.A.learn B.suffer C.hear D.judge
27.A.reach B.enjoy C.like D.hate
28.A.feel B.experience C.taste D.get
29.A.standing up B.growing up C.going up D.rising up
30.A.refer B.turn C.stick D.happen
31.A.suddenly B.generally C.naturally D.sadly
32.A.buried B.shook C.bowed D.nodded
33.A.freely B.hopefully C.quickly D.confidently
34.A.even B.ever C.still D.yet
35.A.otherwise B.or C.but D.instead
Keys: 记叙文。文章讲述了作者高考失利,重返学校复读,在老师的帮助下,他克服低落情绪,鼓起勇气,为实现自己的目标而努力的故事。
21.A 情绪变得低落。sink(心情)压抑;fail失败;disappear消失;run跑。作者不得不复读,因为要一切从头开始,所以情绪低落。故选A项。
22.B 由“I restarted my senior high school life”可知,作者要重新开始高中生活,所以周围都是陌生的同学。故选B项。
23.C 句意:周围都是陌生的同学,我觉得自己好像置身于迷宫中,为自己感到难过。unlucky不幸运的; angry生气的; sorry难过的; afraid害怕的。作者处境不顺,所以为自己难过。故选C项。
24.B 因为一次又一次地回忆自己的失败,这给作者带来了无法承受的压力,所以作者上课时总是情绪低落。down沮丧的。故选B项。
25.D way方式;method方法;measure措施;attitude态度。由下文老师与作者谈话的内容可知,老师在告诉作者他对生活的态度。故选D项。
26.B 出错是一件痛苦的事情,所以suffer from“遭受”符合语境。故选B项。
27.C 老师在给作者讲他对生活的态度,一定是积极的态度,所以老师在说把自己塑造成我们喜欢的人是很重要的,以此鼓励作者。故选C项。
28.B 根据常识可以判断出,经历痛苦和尴尬是我们成长过程中的一部分。故选B项。
29.B 人无论经历了什么,都是在不断地成长。故选B项。
30.D 由“If you are optimistic”可知,只有保持乐观的心态,想要的事情才可能会发生在你身上。sth. happens to sb. “某事发生在某人身上”。故选D项。
31.A 老师的一番话让作者顿悟,豁然开朗,所以走出老师的办公室时,突然感到阳光很灿烂。故选A项。
32.C bury埋; shake晃动; bow低(头); nod点头。情绪的改善,自信的恢复使作者不再低头生活而是笑对同学。故选C项。
33.D 举手回答问题是自信的表现。故选D项。
34.C 尽管遭遇了失败,作者仍然(still)渴望梦想中的大学。故选C项。
35.C 作者过去害怕失败,但现在不怕了,所以前后为转折关系。故选C项。
书面表达
假定你是李华,得知你的英国留学生朋友Peter在CCTV举办的《中国诗词大会》(Chinese Poetry Conference)决赛中失利。请你给他写封邮件,内容包括:
1.给予安慰和鼓励;
2.愿意提供帮助。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Peter,
I'm sorry to know that you were knocked out in the final of the Chinese Poetry Conference last week. I'm
writing to express my sincere concern for you. _______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
Keys:
Dear Peter,
I'm sorry to know that you were knocked out in the final of the Chinese Poetry Conference last week. I'm writing to express my sincere concern for you.
I understand how you are feeling. You made careful preparations in advance and tried your best, so there is nothing to regret. As a saying goes, “Failure is the mother of success.” As a matter of fact,it's really a successful failure since you've learned a valuable lesson from this experience. I do hope that you won't lose heart and will keep on learning Chinese. There will be many opportunities to show your talent in the future. If you keep on trying, you are sure to win in the next competition.
Don't hesitate to let me know if you need further help.
Yours,
Li Hua
知识点1 单元长难句突破
1. These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults. 这些坏习惯如果不加以控制，成年后可能会导致更严重的坏习惯。
【句式剖析】
(1) if left unchecked是if they are left unchecked的省略形式；if条件句中如果从句主语和句子主语一
致，可以直接跟分词形式。
(2) 例句：
[例1] If asked, I would say that I belong to the generation of hope. 如果被问到，我会说我属于希望的一代。
[例2] If invited to a wedding，you will receive an invitation six to eight weeks before the event. 如果有人邀请你参加婚礼，你会在婚礼之前六到八个星期收到请帖。
[链接写作]——完成句子
如果故事讲得好的话，它会彰显你的个性和背景。
______________________________________________________________________________
Keys：If told properly, stories should reveal a lot of facts about your personality and background.
【知识拓展】
when，while，once，unless等引导状语从句也有类似用法，后面可以跟现在分词、过去分词、不定式等。
【练习】——单句语法填空
①Unless __________(invite) to speak，you should remain silent at the conference.
②The research is so designed that once __________ (begin) nothing can be done to change it.
Keys:1. invited 2. began
2. So, when we feel unhappy again (cue), rather than eat snacks, we could listen to some of our favourite music instead (routine)... 所以，当我们再次感到不开心时(暗示)，而不是吃零食，我们可以听一些我们最喜欢的音乐来代替(常规)……
【句式剖析】
(1) 句中的rather than连接并列谓语，listen to和eat。
(2) 例句：
[例1] Much of the food pleases rather than excites. 这些食物中许多只是让人满意，但并不让人兴奋。
[例2] He decided to write rather than telephone. 他决定写信，不打电话。
[链接写作]——完成句子
我们尽快把它完成吧，不要再拖了。
______________________________________________________________________________
Key:Let's get it over with as soon as possible，rather than drag it out.
【知识拓展】
(1)rather than用作连词，连接两个平行结构。
它构成的句型结构：
prefer to do...rather than do... 宁愿做……而不愿意做……
would do...rather than do... 宁愿做……而不愿意做……
would rather do...than do... 宁愿做……而不愿意做……
(2) rather than用作介词，与instead of同义。
(3)A rather than B作主语时，谓语要与A在人称、数上保持一致。
【练习】——单句语法填空
①You rather than I __________(be) going to go camping.
②I prefer __________(play) basketball rather than go fishing.
Keys:are; to play
3. The main idea is sometimes stated in either the opening or closing sentence.主题有时在开头或结尾的句子中陈述。
【句式剖析】
(1)either...or...为“或者……或者……;不是……就是……”之意,表示两者之一,连接句子中两个并列的成分。
(2) 例句：
[例1] When the girl is happy,she either sings or dances. 那个女孩高兴时,不是唱歌就是跳舞。
[例2] You can choose to either travel with him or take the ticket and travel on your own. 你可以选择和他一起旅行或拿着这张票单独旅行。
4. If it weren’t for sea animals, we would all starve. 要是没有海洋动物，我们都会饿死的。
【句式剖析】本句为if引导的虚拟条件句，叙述与现在事实相反的假设。虚拟语气在if虚拟条件句中的运用：
虚拟 条件句 主句
与现在事实相反的假设 动词的过去式(be动词一般用were) would/could/should/might＋动词原形
与过去事实相反的假设 had＋过去分词 would/could/should/might＋have＋过去分词
与将来事实相反的假设 ①动词的过去式 ②were to＋动词原形 ③should＋动词原形 would/could/should/might＋动词原形
【练习】——句子仿写
1. 如果他们开车多走几公里，就有可能找到一个更好的宾馆。
They might have found a better hotel if they ______________________________________.
2. 如果我是你的话，我会马上去看牙医。
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3. 要是我来做这件事，我会用一种不同的方法来做。
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Keys：1. had driven a few more kilometers. 2. If I were you, I should/would go and see the dentist at once.
3. If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way.
知识点2 单元话题写作——人物描写
本单元写作项目是描述一个有毅力的人物，属于人物描写的写作范畴。
[基本框架]
1．开头(beginning)——总体介绍
2．主体(body)——详细介绍
3．结尾(ending)——简要总结
[常用词块]
1．be keen on 喜欢……
2．adapt himself to...使自己适应……
3．have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难
4．be eager/thirsty/dying to do sth.渴望做某事
5．gain reputation for获得……荣誉
6．have a talent/gift for...有……天赋
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
1．Allan Stewart，of Australian nationality，was born on March 7th，1915. 艾伦·斯图尔特，澳大利亚国籍，1915年3月7日出生。
2．Born in 1911 in Shanghai，Qian Xuesen is one of the greatest scientists in the world. 钱学森，1911年生于上海，是世界上最伟大的科学家之一。
3．Born into a rich family in Shanghai on Nov. 4th，1933，Charles Kuen Kao showed great interest in doing
different experiments during his childhood. 1933年11月4日出生于上海一个富裕的家庭，高锟从小就对做不同的实验表现出极大的兴趣。
★正文佳句
1．He is clever as well as friendly.他既聪明又友好。
2．He is such an honest man that all think highly of him.他是如此诚实的一个人，以至于所有人都高度评价
他。
3．His modesty leaves us a deep impression.他的谦虚给我们留下了深刻印象。
★余味结尾
1．All in all，in my view，Yang has a good future considering his ability and faith.总之，在我看来，考虑到他的能力和信念，杨有一个美好的未来。
2．Not only did she make great contributions to the world of science but she is regarded as the greatest woman scientist on account of what she did.她不仅为科学界做出了巨大贡献，而且因为她的所作所为她被认为是最伟大的女科学家。
3．His scientific achievement has shaped the foundations of today's communication.他的科学成就为今天的通信奠定了基础。
[典例演练]
请根据以下信息，介绍一位热门人物。
姓 名：莫言(管谟业)
出生日期：1955年2月17日
出 生 地：山东省高密市一个穷苦人家
兴趣爱好：自幼喜欢阅读、书法(calligraphy)
性格特征：开朗、幽默
主要成就：2011年凭借《蛙》获中国最高文学奖“茅盾文学奖”；2012年获诺贝尔文学奖(Nobel Prize in
Literature)。
评 价：第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的中国作家，被誉为是对中国文学做出巨大贡献的作家之一。
1. 使用非谓语和定语从句，翻译人物基本信息。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.使用倒装句，翻译两个个性特征。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. 在一个句子内，使用定语从句，翻译人物主要成就和评价信息。
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4. 连句成文。
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Keys：
Born into a poor family in Gaomi，Shandong Province on February 17，1955，Mo Yan，whose original name is Guan Moye，showed great interest in reading and calligraphy in his early years. What's more，not only is he outgoing but he also has a strong sense of humor.With a talent for literature，he won China's highest literature prize，Mao Dun Literature Prize by his book Frog in 2011. To all Chinese's excitement，a year later he became the first Chinese writer to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature，which will certainly make great contributions to the development of Chinese literature.
【课前检查】
语法填空
Three and a half years ago, I was standing on the sidewalk waiting to cross the street when a pickup came through the crossroad 1. ________ (try)to turn right. His rate of speed and blood alcohol caused him to go up on the sidewalk and hit me. I was a nurse and loved my job, but the injuries 2. ________ (leave) me with a paralyzed arm among other injuries. The driver was 3. ________ young man in his 20’s. The law would have made him in prison for about 10 years., this would 4. ________(obvious) not have got me back to work. I asked the judge to give give the minimum sentence 5. ________ alcohol recovery classes. This young man had been very 6. ________ (regret)and when I reached out to him in a letter trying to understand the circumstances of the accident, he could have ignored my letter, 7. ________ he called me and apologized again. We have all been young once, and have made 8. ________(mistake). My forgiveness helped me enormously, and any anger or 9. ________ (punish)would not have given me my arm back or my job. Before you react to a situation, think of the consequences of your reaction and remember 10. ________ the other person is a human being.
Keys：记叙文, 作者被酒驾司机撞伤, 胳膊残废, 再也不能做喜欢的护士工作了, 但她觉得再怎么生气, 再惩罚那个司机也无助于自己胳膊的康复和自己工作的恢复, 所以请求法官对司机处以最低惩罚, 对司机的原谅也使作者自己放下了包袱。
1. trying 2. left 3. a 4. obviously 5. with 6. regretful 7. but 8. mistakes 9. punishment 10. that
单句语法填空
1. For most citizens, ___________ (wage)are the only source of income.
2. Although 38 percent of the people died of diseases during the ___________ (expedite) , Cook's diet of proper food kept the rest of them healthy.
3. Finally one day, I did it, I ___________ (turn) down an unreasonable request.
11. I've always looked to my father for ___________ (guide) on these matters.
12. Although we ___________ (thorough) understand each other, we have differences sometimes.
13. Value the present moment and remember how ___________ (fortune) you are to be alive.
14. They placed an ___________ (advertise) in the local paper for a secretary.
15. Nobody was very ___________ (enthusiasm) about it, so they decided to cancel the trip.
16. The most important criterion for entry is that ___________ (apply) have design and make their own work.
Keys：1. wages 2. expedition 3. turned 4. qualified 5. assignment 6. abandoned 7.perseverance 8. resolution
9. application mitment 11. guidance 12. thoroughly 13. fortunate 14. advertisement 15. enthusiastic
16. applicants
【问题查找】
长难句
I. 教材原句考查
1. An expedition to the South Pole with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton— ____________________ (这是我一直梦想的冒险).
2. But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship，the Endurance，and _______________________ (藏在一个小柜子里).
3. We have been struggling for days，but things on Elephant Island are going _______________________ (每况愈下).
4. How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about _______________________ (我去过的那些神奇的地方).
5. Soon after we arrived，Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island，1，330 kilometers away—
the voyage was _______________________.(这次航行太危险了，很难让我们所有人都坐上小船).
Keys:1. this is the adventure that I have been dreaming of.
2. hid in a small cupboard.
3. from bad to worse.
4. the amazing places I have been to!
5. too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it in our small boats.
II. 选词填空
turn down; dream of; be enthusiastic about; set off; become stuck in; from bad to worse; hold on; after all
1. Urban traffic is getting _______________________.
2. When the Belgica _______________________ pack ice, her crew achieved the unintended distinction of
being the first humans to overwinter in the Antarctic.
3. The manager asked him to _______________________while he investigated.
4. She could not bear the relentless music and _______________________ the volume.
5. So you did make it to America，_______________________.
6. We _______________________ to see the Pyramids and Sphinx.
7. At the time he _______________________ becoming a soccer player.
8. He______________________ both study and physical labour.
Keys:1. from bad to worse.2. became stuck in3. hold on4. turned down5. after all6. set off7. dreamed of8. is enthusiastic about
III.重点句型翻译
1.这些坏习惯如果不加以检查，成年后可能会导致更严重的坏习惯。
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2.很快，这种选择就会自动形成一种很难改变的习惯。
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3.好消息是，如果我们了解习惯是如何工作的，我们可以改变。
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4.想要促使不良习惯朝着积极的方向变化，我们首先必须审视、调整我们的习惯环。
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5.我们中的许多人试图迅速改变坏习惯，如果我们不能马上成功，我们往往会变得悲观而放弃。
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Keys: 1. These bad habits，if left unchecked，could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.
2. Soon that choice becomes automatic and forms a habit that is much harder to change.
3. The good news is that we can change, if we understand how habits work.
4. To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.
5. Many of us try to change bad habits quickly，and if we are not successful straight away, we often become pessimistic and give up.
【查漏补缺】
单句语法填空
1．Math is too difficult for me _________ (learn) well.
2．Mike is _________ an honest boy that we all believe him.
3．Previous teaching experience is a necessary _________ (qualify) for this job.
4．But the basement won out and they set about _________ (try) to raise more money for the business.
5．The child was found _________ (abandon) but unharmed.
6．I needed to sort my _________ (belong) at that time.
Keys:1.to learn2.such3. qualification4.trying5. abandoned6. belongings
【强化巩固】
I. 单句语法填空
1．The Chinese government ___________________ (do) research into vaccine (疫苗) against African Swine
Fever for months，recently many have received the first doses.
2．The dollar___________________ (climb) steadily all week.
3．I ___________________ (wait) for an hour and a half.
4．She is very tired. She ___________________ (work) all morning.
5．Jim ___________________ (phone) Jenny every night for the past week.
6．They ___________________ (build) the bridge for two months.
7．The telephone ___________________ (ring) in the office all the morning.
Keys: 1. has been doing2. has been climbing3. have been waiting4. has been working5. has been phoning6. have been building7. has been ringing
语法填空
Dear dairy,
It has been two months since I went into my senior high school. There is no doubt that senior high school years should be filled with lots of challenges, which are 15.___________ great significance to our learning and growth. Taking chances bravely as well as 16.___________ (manage) time wisely is of equal importance. 17.___________, efforts matter. I always keep in mind that those who make the most of time and resources will hold themselves to 18.___________ (high) standards. From my point of view, this is all quite new and different from life at junior high school, but I believe I will make 19.___________.
Parent-child tensions seem quite common among teenagers in senior high school and I am no exception.I often struggle to 20.___________ (recognize) by my parents. Disagreements and 21.___________ (misunderstand) may happen over the course of parent-child relationship.
A real friend is a person 22.___________ support we can count on through thick and thin. It is likely that we come from different background, while we can also give each other encouragement and 23.___________ (comfortable). Friendship is worth valuing and requires effort.
I believe these chances and challenges of senior school life will bring out 24.___________ best in me.
Keys: 15. of 16. managing 17. Therefore 18. higher 19. it
20. be recognized 21. misunderstandings 22. whose fort 24. the
日记。作者自从上高中以来已经两个月了。毫无疑问，高中生活应该充满了很多挑战，对学习和成长是非常重要的。作者相信这些高中生活的机会和挑战会让他变得更好。
【课后练习】
阅读理解
A
Take a trip to one of London’s theme parks for an adrenaline-packed day out. From thrilling rides through history, to wild animals—both mythical and real—London’s theme parks offer great entertainment for families and groups.
Unlike most London attractions, some amusement parks aren’t in central London, but are easily reached by train, coach or car.
Chessington World of Adventures
Whether it’s adrenaline-pumping rides, wild animals or underwater adventures you’re after, Chessington delivers. There are three main sections: the theme park has 10 themed lands with more than 40 rides and attractions including roller coasters, dodgems and rides suitable for younger children. Chessington Zoo houses 1,000 animals including tigers, lions, giraffes, penguins and a petting zoo.
Shrek’s Adventure
Board the Dreamworks. Tour Bus for a 4D experience with cheeky Donkey as your guide. You’ll be taken through 10 live,fairy-tale-themed shows including Shrek’s Swamp and a mirror maze(迷宫).Suitable for all ages,but particularly those aged 6 to 12 years old.
London Dungeon
Take a scary but humorous 90-minute journey through 1,000 years of London’s history at the ever-popular London Dungeon. There are 18 interactive shows with 20 live theatre actors and two rides to guide you through the city’s murky past. Walk the Whitechapel Maze with Jack the Ripper, visit a medieval torture chamber, and be careful not to lose your head on The Tyrant boat ride with King Henry Ⅷ!
KidZania
Set your imagination free at KidZania at Westfield London—the new role-playing park for children that’s taking the world by storm. A child-size city complete with shops and locations including a fire station, a bank and a theatre stage where children can role-play around 60 different jobs and professions, KidZania aims to teach life skills such as financial literacy, teamwork and independence.
1.If visitors want to enjoy the excitement of roller coasters, they can go to ______________- .
A.KidZania B.Shrek’s Adventure C.London Dungeon D.Chessington World of Adventures
2.Who might be most likely interested in London Dungeon
A.Students studying history. B.Underwater adventurers.
C.Police officers. D.Animal lovers.
3.Where does this text probably come from
A.A science textbook. B.A news report.
C.A travel guidebook. D.A geography magazine.
Keys:DAC
B
Growing up, Deka Ismail said she let labels define what she could be. “I was a black girl, from a refugee(难民) family,” said Deka. “It was as if I was only allowed to explore in this predetermined box.”
After a high school chemistry class inspired her to think about a career in science and gave her confidence in the field, Deka learned to live outside labels and began making big plans for her future. Now she is about to begin her freshman year at the University of California, planning to become a professor.
Born and raised in San Diego's City Heights neighbourhood, Deka is the daughter of a Somalia refugee couple. While some might say Deka's success happened in spite of her background, she would say differently, that her experiences shaped her and inspired her to be a driven(奋发努力的), young scientist.
When Deka was eight years old, her mother got a job by studying hard back in school in order to support the whole family. That made Deka realize that education could make a difference to one's life. She spent a lot of time in the library reading books, and didn't do many of the things her peers did, like partying or having romantic relationships.
“I always felt like I had to be the perfect girl for my family,” said Deka. “You have to not even do your best but two times better than everyone else. I felt like the whole world was waiting for me to mess up.”
Deka's effort paid off. The summer before her senior year of high school, she was accepted into the American Chemical Society Project SEED Programme. “She brought both enthusiasm and focus,” Botham, a researcher at this research institute, recalled. “She arrived every day ready to work, ready to learn and ready to resolve new challenges regardless of whether or not she had done anything similar.”
When asked what advice she would give to others like her, Deka warned them not to underestimate themselves. “Don't tell yourself that scholarship is too big, this programme is too competitive or I'll never get into this school,” she said. “I was not sure whether I could make it until I started seeing the acceptance letters rolling in.”
4.From the passage, we can learn that _________________.
A.Deka was adopted by a refugee family B.Deka spent a lot of time going to parties
C.Deka became a professor after graduation D.Deka's experiences drove her to work hard
5.Deka realized the importance of education _________________.
A.from her mother's experience B.after her chemistry class
C.by reading books in the library D.through working at the institute
6.According to the last paragraph, Deka advised that students should be _________________.
A.patient B.positive C.ambitious D.enthusiastic
7.What does the story intend to tell us
A.Life is not all roses. B.Practice makes perfect.
C.Well begun is half done. D.Hard work leads to success.
\Keys: 记叙文。文章讲述了难民家庭出身的黑人女孩Deka决心奋发努力,改变现状,在学习和工作中奋力拼搏的经历。
4.D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的she would say differently, that her experiences shaped her and inspired her to be a driven, young scientist可知是她的经历使她奋发努力,故D项 正确。注意该题中的C项,由文章第二段最后一句可知她现在即将上大学,打算成为一名教授,所以C项“她毕业后成了一名教授”表述是不准确的,可排除。
5.A 细节理解题。第四段第二句That made Deka realize that education could make a difference to one's life.中的That指前一句她母亲的经历,所以是她母亲的经历使她意识到教育的重要性,故A项正确。
6.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的...Deka warned them not to underestimate themselves. “Don't tell yourself that scholarship is too big...I'll never get into this school,”可知Deka建议学生要敢于梦想,要有雄心,所以C项正确。
7.D 主旨大意题。文章讲述Deka为了改变自身的状况,舍弃了很多同龄人的娱乐、交往等活动,在学习和工作中奋力拼搏的经历,故可判断故事的意图是告诉我们勤奋造就成功。
C
An obstacle(障碍)usually refers to a difficulty or problem that prevents you from achieving something. Whether it was in your past, or you're presently facing an obstacle, you have to resolve it. Some people avoid obstacles or deny their existence. Others let obstacles control them, and they feel defeated. Your attitude towards obstacles will define the outcome of whether you rise from the challenge, or remain stuck in it. Here are some reasons for loving obstacles.
First, obstacles give you purposes. Sometimes obstacles can reset your goals. You might have always had a particular way of doing things, or wanted to pursue(追求)certain goals, but when you're faced with setbacks or difficulties, you're forced to rethink, and re-examine your path. You may end up focusing on something new and exciting. Or, you may concentrate on something that you otherwise wouldn't have if not for the particular setback. By having to overcome an obstacle, you'll be trying your best to fulfill a purpose, rather than just going through the motions. Second, obstacles prepare you for the unexpected. Obstacles serve as guides to where to go next. Even though obstacles can bring out many negative emotions in us, such as frustration, anger, or sadness, it's important to realize that they don't stop you from reaching your intended goals. Instead, they, in a way, give you time to stop and think if perhaps there is a new and better path to take and what you can prepare for what will happen along the way. Obstacles shift(转变) your perspective.
Obstacles, whether you like them or not, are unavoidable. Life will never stop throwing you new obstacles. So, the best thing to do is know how to better see and deal with these obstacles, and transform them into opportunities for self-improvement. The more you're able to see obstacles as advantages in your life, the better you'll be at managing them.
Accepting obstacles will be rewarding. It will make you constantly change and adapt to new situations, allowing you to grow into a better version of yourself.
12.What determines the outcome of obstacles you face
A.Your own attitude. B.Your quick adaptation.
C.Your adequate preparation. D.Your optimistic perseverance.
13.What does the underlined part probably mean
A.Acting enthusiastically. B.Acting half-heartedly.
C.Being more motivated. D.Being more determined.
14.How would obstacles result in benefits
A.They prevent your negative emotions. B.They give you advantages over others.
C.They make you think quickly and critically. D.They allow you to view things from new angles.
15.What's the main idea of the passage
A.Avoiding obstacles does harm to life. B.Loving obstacles benefits a lot.
C.Obstacles are actually unavoidable. D.Obstacles are double-edged swords.
Keys: 议论文,阐述的主要观点为:以积极的态度对待人生中的障碍,因为它们有益于人的成长和提升。
12.A 细节理解题。 由第一段第五句中的Your attitude towards obstacles will define the outcome可知决定人生障碍的最终结果的是人的态度,故A项正确。
13.B 推理判断题。由画线部分前面的rather than just 可知画线部分的意思与前面的you'll be trying your best to fulfill a purpose 意思相反。trying your best to fulfill a purpose在这里指全力以赴实现目标,故可推测going through the motions指并未全力去做事,而只是走过场,故B项正确。
14.D 细节理解题。由第二段最后两句Instead, they, in a way, give you time to stop and think if perhaps there is a new and better path to take and what you can prepare for what will happen along the way. Obstacles shift(转变) your perspective.可知障碍会使人寻找更新、更好的途径,转变人看待问题的视角,故D项正确。
15.B 主旨大意题。本文第一段点题,指出障碍值得人们去爱,第二段从两个方面阐述了障碍带给人的好处,第三、四段总结,指出把障碍看作有利因素,克服障碍会使人得到提升,故全文的主旨是接受障碍对人有益,所以B项正确。
七选五
Tips for overcoming adversity
◆ Be aware of, and accept that adversity is unavoidable in life. 36.________ To avoid or resist it will only make it persist (持续). Everywhere you look in the world there is unmistakable struggle. There are floods, tsunamis, wars and disasters of all types. Although pain is unavoidable, suffering is optional.
◆ Build your internal resources. Before adversity hits, work on cultivating ( 培养) emotional strength, courage and discipline. When you make yourself aware that certain difficulties are unavoidable, you can prepare yourself mentally for facing adversity head-on. 37.________
◆ Build your external resources. Build a support system of family and friends. 38.________ We need someone to talk to, someone to help ease the burden ( 负担). You would be surprised to discover how often a friend has had a similar experience and can help guide you through the difficult time.
◆ That what does not kill you will make you stronger. If you do not have enough built-up resilience ( 韧性) or experience in dealing with difficulties, adversity can crush you. 39.________ Resilience like any muscle is built up gradually with repeated exposure to adversity.
◆ Take inspiration and learn from others who have dealt successfully with adversity. There are many inspiring stories of people who overcame seemingly insurmountable ( 无法超越的) difficulties. 40.________ For example, when Helen Keller was only 18 months old, she lost her sight and hearing due to a mysterious fever. She overcame her deafness and blindness to become a strong and educated woman.
A. Whether we like it or not, adversity is part of life.
B. But just knowing a friend is there can be most comforting.
C. But if you have sufficient resilience, it will make you stronger.
D. He prepares himself physically and mentally for any possibility.
E. When the going gets tough, we all need encouragement and support.
F. Usually, when you're prepared for the worst, the worst never happens.
G. They overcame adversity to live successful lives instead of yielding to it.
Keys: 说明文。文章介绍了几条如何战胜逆境的建议。
36. A。设空处是对上文的进一步解释。A项是对上文中adversity is unavoidable in life的具体说明。下文To avoid or resist it中的it指代A项中的adversity。
37. F。设空处和下文是顺承关系。上文中提到内心做好准备，F项是做好该准备后的结果，同时，F项中的prepared和上文中的prepare构成原词复现。
38. E。设空处是对上文的进一步解释。E项中的support和上文中的support构成原词复现，同时，E项中的we all need encouragement and support和下文中的We need someone to talk to, someone to help ease the burden相照应。
39. C。设空处和上文是转折关系。C项中的if you have sufficient resilience, it will make youstronger和上文中的If you do not have enough built‐up resilience ... adversity can crush you形成对比。
40. G。设空处和下文是解说关系。下文举例说明了G项中的They overcame adversity to live successful lives。For example是提示。
完形填空
A
I recently attended an event called “Building Your Resilience”. At the seminar ( 研讨班), we ____41____ the problems university students face, such as issues of health and wellness in relation to being a student and ____42____ a career.
I learned that there are many things that stop us from being fully motivated to achieve our ultimate ____43____ of a degree. One of the biggest factors is stress, which can ____44____ our academic performance. Yet we are left ____45____ of what to do.
One thing that can help during times of adversity is to be resilient. We must have ____46____ to be able to take risks and jump into the ____47____.
My biggest challenge was changing my ____48____. I started my post-secondary degree in the Business program, but I'd actually always been ____49____ literature. I stayed with Business for a while, trying to ____50____ myself it would be easier for me to find a job with a Business degree, but that just ____51____ my stress and hurt my performance in school. I personally struggled with changing my major. But doing so in the end is what ____52____ me and enabled me to grow. Decisions you make for yourself will ____53____ build your resilience.
Taking action in your life can feel ____54____ at times. Although there is risk in creating our own paths, I believe facing this risk builds the ____55____ needed to do the things you love. And when adversity does happen, know that you have the courage and capacity to bounce back (重整旗鼓).
41. A. created B. presented C. avoided D. tackled
42. A. changing B. building C. ruining D. ending
43. A. goal B. choice C. request D. knowledge
44. A. improve B. assess C. affect D. measure
45. A. aware B. unsure C. fearful D. informed
46. A. power B. wisdom C. courage D. calmness
47. A. conventional B. unconcerned C. original D. unknown
48. A. major B. career C. image D. direction
49. A. curious about B. worried about C. uncertain about D. passionate about
50. A. convince B. remind C. guarantee D. warn
51. A. marked B. increased C. removed D. reduced
52. A. challenged B. protected C. threatened D. satisfied
53. A. repeatedly B. ultimately C. fortunately D. immediately
54. A. enjoyable B. confusing C. exciting D. dangerous
55. A. honesty B. modesty C. bravery D. pride
Keys: 夹叙夹议文。当面对生活中的困境时，我们应鼓起勇气采取行动，去追求自己热爱的事情。
41. D。由上文中的seminar以及该空后的the problems university students face可知，在研讨班上，我们“解决了（tackled）”大学生面对的问题。
42. B。由上文中的problems和university students以及issues可知，我们解决了大学生面临的与作为学生和“开启（building）”职业生涯相关的健康问题。
43. A。由上文中的university students和该空后的a degree可知，作为大学生，最终“目标（goal）” 是获得学位。
44. C。由上文中的there are many things that stop us from being fully motivated和stress可知，压力是最大的因素之一，它会“影响（affect）”我们的学业成绩。
45. B。由该空前的Yet以及该空后的what to do可知，然而，我们“不确定（unsure）”我们能做什么。
46. C。47. D。由上文中的during times of adversity is to be resilient以及该句中的take risks可知，在逆境中，唯有拥有韧性可以帮你。我们必须有“勇气（courage）”去冒险，跳入 “未知的（unknown）”世界。
48. A。由下文的描述以及I personally struggled with changing my major可知，“我”面临的挑战是更换“我”的“专业（major）”。
49. D。由下文的描述可知，“我”一开始读的是商务专业，但事实上“我”一直对文学“感兴趣（passionate about）”。
50. A。由上文中的I stayed with Business for a while以及该空后的it would be easier for me to find a job with a Business degree可知，“我”学了一段时间商务，努力“说服（convince）”自己拥有一个商学学位会更容易找到工作。
51. B。由该空后的and hurt my performance in school可知，设空处与hurt my performance并列，都表示不好的结果，故B项“增加了 （increased）”“我”的压力符合语境。
52. A。由该空后的and enabled me to grow可知，这就是“挑战（challenged）”“我”并使“我”成长的经历。
53. B。由文中的描述可知，作者通过自己的经历想要说明：你为自己做的决定“最终（ultimately）”会增强你的韧性。
54. D。由下文中的there is risk可知，在生活中采取行动有时会令人感到“危险（dangerous）”。
55. C。由该空前的facing this risk以及下文中的have the courage and capacity to bounce back可知，尽管开辟自己的道路是有风险的，但是直面这种风险会增强你去做自己热爱的事情的“勇气（bravery）”。
B
While my friends went away to their universities in great delight, I restarted my senior high school life. My spirits____21____ at the prospect of starting all over again.
____22____by strange classmates, I felt as though I were in a maze(迷宫) and felt____23____ for myself. There were some complex feelings in my mind. I was frightened, nervous and lonely.
To make matters worse, I recalled my failure again and again, which put more pressure on me than I could bear. As a result, I was always feeling____24____during class.
One of my teachers noticed my depression and one day he asked me to come to his office, where he told me about his____25____ towards life. He said we might____26____ from making mistakes, but it was important to shape ourselves into the people we____27____. All the growing pains and the embarrassing things we____28____are parts of the process. We never stop____29____, so learn from it and keep your spirits up! If you are optimistic, things you want may____30____ to you! Warm feelings rushed through me. I____31____ saw the sun shining again when I stepped out of his office.
With the teacher's help, I finally got over my depression. From then on, I no longer____32____ my head but began smiling at my classmates. I put up my hand____33____ in class and tried to answer the teacher's questions correctly.
I____34____ have a thirst for my ideal university,____35____ I'm not afraid of failure because I can benefit from it.
21.A.sank B.failed C.disappeared D.ran
22.A.Hit B.Surrounded C.Struck D.Loved
23.A.unlucky B.angry C.sorry D.afraid
24.A.high B.down C.lonely D.happy
25.A.way B.method C.measure D.attitude
26.A.learn B.suffer C.hear D.judge
27.A.reach B.enjoy C.like D.hate
28.A.feel B.experience C.taste D.get
29.A.standing up B.growing up C.going up D.rising up
30.A.refer B.turn C.stick D.happen
31.A.suddenly B.generally C.naturally D.sadly
32.A.buried B.shook C.bowed D.nodded
33.A.freely B.hopefully C.quickly D.confidently
34.A.even B.ever C.still D.yet
35.A.otherwise B.or C.but D.instead
Keys: 记叙文。文章讲述了作者高考失利,重返学校复读,在老师的帮助下,他克服低落情绪,鼓起勇气,为实现自己的目标而努力的故事。
21.A 情绪变得低落。sink(心情)压抑;fail失败;disappear消失;run跑。作者不得不复读,因为要一切从头开始,所以情绪低落。故选A项。
22.B 由“I restarted my senior high school life”可知,作者要重新开始高中生活,所以周围都是陌生的同学。故选B项。
23.C 句意:周围都是陌生的同学,我觉得自己好像置身于迷宫中,为自己感到难过。unlucky不幸运的; angry生气的; sorry难过的; afraid害怕的。作者处境不顺,所以为自己难过。故选C项。
24.B 因为一次又一次地回忆自己的失败,这给作者带来了无法承受的压力,所以作者上课时总是情绪低落。down沮丧的。故选B项。
25.D way方式;method方法;measure措施;attitude态度。由下文老师与作者谈话的内容可知,老师在告诉作者他对生活的态度。故选D项。
26.B 出错是一件痛苦的事情,所以suffer from“遭受”符合语境。故选B项。
27.C 老师在给作者讲他对生活的态度,一定是积极的态度,所以老师在说把自己塑造成我们喜欢的人是很重要的,以此鼓励作者。故选C项。
28.B 根据常识可以判断出,经历痛苦和尴尬是我们成长过程中的一部分。故选B项。
29.B 人无论经历了什么,都是在不断地成长。故选B项。
30.D 由“If you are optimistic”可知,只有保持乐观的心态,想要的事情才可能会发生在你身上。sth. happens to sb. “某事发生在某人身上”。故选D项。
31.A 老师的一番话让作者顿悟,豁然开朗,所以走出老师的办公室时,突然感到阳光很灿烂。故选A项。
32.C bury埋; shake晃动; bow低(头); nod点头。情绪的改善,自信的恢复使作者不再低头生活而是笑对同学。故选C项。
33.D 举手回答问题是自信的表现。故选D项。
34.C 尽管遭遇了失败,作者仍然(still)渴望梦想中的大学。故选C项。
35.C 作者过去害怕失败,但现在不怕了,所以前后为转折关系。故选C项。
书面表达
假定你是李华,得知你的英国留学生朋友Peter在CCTV举办的《中国诗词大会》(Chinese Poetry Conference)决赛中失利。请你给他写封邮件,内容包括:
1.给予安慰和鼓励;
2.愿意提供帮助。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Peter,
I'm sorry to know that you were knocked out in the final of the Chinese Poetry Conference last week. I'm
writing to express my sincere concern for you. _______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
Keys:
Dear Peter,
I'm sorry to know that you were knocked out in the final of the Chinese Poetry Conference last week. I'm writing to express my sincere concern for you.
I understand how you are feeling. You made careful preparations in advance and tried your best, so there is nothing to regret. As a saying goes, “Failure is the mother of success.” As a matter of fact,it's really a successful failure since you've learned a valuable lesson from this experience. I do hope that you won't lose heart and will keep on learning Chinese. There will be many opportunities to show your talent in the future. If you keep on trying, you are sure to win in the next competition.
Don't hesitate to let me know if you need further help.
Yours,
Li Hua