高二英语译林版（2019） 选择性必修一单元基础巩固 Unit 1 Food matters（含解析）

Unit 1 Food matters
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）
A
Since no one actually knows what the world will be like in 10 or 50 years, it can be fun to guess.
Here are some jobs you or your kids might be able to apply for in the future!
Space tour guides
With space travel likely to be less expensive by the mid-2020s, a new travel industry will come.
"Tours will show people the beauty of the sunrise from space, and some interesting places in space.
Somebody needs to be in charge of these tours and explain to the space travelers what's going on," says David Tuffley.
Distant drone (无人驾驶飞机) drivers and pilots
How cool would it be to deliver packages from the comfortable office That's the way of the future with delivery drones and self-driving trucks. Zach Howard says, "Many delivery companies will soon need lots of drones and a large number of skilled pilots who can run the drones."
Gamification marketing experts
This future expert will need to make online shopping feel like a game; that is, gamification is about keeping customers more delighted during shopping. The gamification marketing expert will help keep online buyers' attention by making their experiences more playful and exciting.
Rewilders
To save Mother Nature, someone will need to remove the damage humans have done to the environment. Through the Jobs of 2030 project, an organization guesses we will need rewilders to remove the damage to the countryside caused by people, factories, cars and farming. These workers will be responsible for removing walls to give flight paths back to birds and replacing roads with forests.
1. What does Zach Howard say about distant drone drivers and pilots
A. They can make lots of money.
B. They will be in great demand.
C. They need update drones regularly.
D. They are required to work outdoors.
2. How will the gamification marketing expert most likely influence customers
A. By decreasing their daily cost of playing games.
B. By reducing the competition between stores.
C. By creating fun online shopping experiences.
D. By making them more likely to communicate.
3. Which of the following is a rewilder's job
A. Keeping track of birds' health.
B. Preserving the cultural heritage.
C. Returning the roads to forests.
D. Constructing more roads for villagers.
B
Growing up in an Italian-American household was, for me, pretty special. My mother, Gina, an immigrant from Calabria held on to so many of her family's traditions that at times, regardless of the fact that I was living in the United States, our home felt like part of Italy.
To this day, my mother only speaks to me in Italian, and our conversations are, for the most part, in her mother tongue. And most of those conversations are about food. For us, food—Italian food—is an important part of our lives.
My mother Gina grew up on a farm where the fruits of their labor directly turned into the food on the table, and wasting any of it was unacceptable. Every day was "a special day" because times were tough, so food-and how it found its way onto the table—were a holy (神圣的) matter. One of the greatest lessons my mother taught me in the kitchen is to cook what you have on hand, and to never let anything go to waste.
So, when I take a perfect little arancini (意大利炸饭团）out of the hot oil, I am immediately transported back to my childhood. This small snack emblematizes so many important aspects in my life about my heritage through food.
Heritage food is Sunday dinner with the family. When we preserve and recreate dishes like that, we feel a sense of pride and also a sense of continuity. Heritage food is the love we receive from our parents and grandparents, and it's the love we in turn give to our children and grandchildren. Heritage food is food that makes you feel safe and protected wherever and whenever you eat it.
Eating arancini and all the other recipes my mother continues to make here in the U. S. after leaving Italy allows her to teach me who I am, where I come from, and why I should be proud of it all.
4. What can we know about the author's mother
A. She is very strict with her children.
B. She refuses to learn to speak English.
C. She thinks her life in the U.S. special.
D. She values her family's traditions a lot.
5. What does the author imply by mentioning "a special day"
A. She missed the life on the farm.
B. She expected the family reunion.
C. Her family treasured the food very much.
D. Her family delivered family love on that day.
6. What does the underlined word "emblematizes" mean in paragraph 4
A. Balances. B. Symbolizes. C. Judges. D. Replaces.
7. What's the main idea of the text
A. Why learning to cook is important for a mother.
B. How the family heritage is taught through food.
C. How childhood experiences change one s life.
D. Why mothers are necessary in children s education.
C
If you turn over a plastic bottle, like those we use to drink water, you'll notice a number "1"—that means it's made of a material called PET. Some bags, like the kind that holds milk or coffee, get a "2", meaning they're made of a material called HDPE. At material recovery factories plastic gets sorted based on these numbers (they go up to 7), which show how recyclable it is.
Plastic numbered "1" and "2" is recyclable. It can be made into carpet, clothing, plastic packages, as well as other products, according to Live Science.
Recycling gets more difficult with higher numbers, called "mixed plastic". This waste makes up 69% of all the plastic we use in daily life. It's much more expensive to deal with than that numbered "1" and "2". In the past, mixed plastic would be sent to other countries. But two years ago, almost no country bought foreign plastic waste.
Recycling companies had to find a new market, but many failed. For example, in Los Angeles, recycling companies still won't recycle any plastic with numbers higher than "2". Instead, they are burying or burning it.
According to Live Science, what the USA needs are machines that can be used to recycle other kinds of plastic. But Hocevar, a scientist, comes up with a different solution:"The really simple answer is that there isn't so much throwaway plastic in the world."
Someone may ask,"Is recycling worth it " For bottles with "1"or "2", the answer is "yes". There's also a growing market for plastic numbered "5", a flexible plastic that includes yogurt containers. For other numbers, the answer is simpler: a "no" on numbers 3,4,6 and 7.
8. What does the number on plastic products mean
A. How recyclable the products are.
B. Where the products were made.
C. What recycling technology is needed.
D. Where the products would end up.
9. What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A. The cost to recycle mixed plastic.
B. The solution to dealing with plastic waste.
C. The plastic waste in our daily life.
D. The difficulty in recycling mixed plastic.
10. What is Hocevar's suggestion
A. Burning or burying mixed plastic.
B. Stopping producing mixed plastic products.
C. Making more machines to recycle mixed plastic.
D. Selling mixed plastic products to other countries.
11. Where might you find a number "5"
A. On a medicine bottle. B. On a coffee bag.
C. On a yogurt container. D. On a water bottle.
D
Trees in the cities are being robbed of sleep by street lights, according to a famous German scientist. Peter Wohlleben, author of The Hidden Life of Trees said that, like humans, "they also have to sleep at night". He compares trees in urban areas to orphans (孤儿) who have to grow without their network support, saying that light pollution makes city life even harder.
Mr. Wohlleben has studied trees and believes they raise their children, sweat, feel pain and communicate with each other. "Trees that live near street lights will die earlier because it's like a light burning in your bedroom," he said. "If you have any influence on street lights, you'd better turn them off at 1 o'clock or so." He developed the term "wood wide web" explaining how trees communicate and support one another. Mr. Wohlleben said roots had a hard time under pavements that were warmer at night when forests cooled down.
Researchers found artificial light changed the annual rhythm of blossoming and might have great effects on their health, survival and reproduction. Plants have grown well under 24-hour cycles of light and darkness, but the spread of artificial light disturbs these cycles. Light gives plants information about what time of day it is or whether they should be photosynthesizing (进行光合作用). If it's light all the time, they do not know when to carry out such activities.
In some cases the light is so bright that it affects their growth. Mr. Wohlleben also said that trees shed (落) their leaves in the autumn because snow falling on the leaves would cause the branches to break, causing them physical pain. The well-known author looks after the forest representing the community in Hummel, Germany, where machinery is banned and the trees are left alone.
12. Why does Mr. Wohlleben compare trees in urban areas to orphans
A. They grow more slowly than trees in rural areas.
B. They suffer from environmental pollution.
C. They aren't supported by other trees.
D. They can't sleep day and night.
13. What should people do to protect the urban trees
A. Turn off street lights at midnight.
B. Leave lights on in their bedrooms.
C. Cut off the roots under pavements.
D. Learn the communication style of trees.
14. How does the light harm trees
A. It breaks the cycle of trees.
B. It slows down the photosynthesis.
C. It shortens the blossoming time of trees.
D. It prevents trees from communicating.
15. What does Mr.Wohlleben do in the forest of Hummel
A. He keeps the leaves from falling.
B. He cures the trees of physical pain.
C. He makes the branches break easily.
D. He stops people using machines there.
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
Nobel, who was born in Stockholm, is a great scientist famous for his dangerous experiments.
Nobel studied in the USA and then Russia between 1850 and 1859. (1) As is known, bomb is dangerous to life, but Nobel was working under that condition. Once a big explosion in his lab completely destroyed the lab and caused some deaths. (2) He received criticism (批评), but he continued with the work rather than losing heart. From 1860s to 1880s, Nobel made many achievements and his inventions were first used in building roads and digging tunnels. Most of the bombs were safer and more possible to be controlled. Even at the end of the 20th century, we still used his methods.
Nobel had many patents in Britain and other European countries. (3) And he built up many companies in different countries. Indeed his greatness lay in his outstanding ability to combine the qualities of an original scientist with those of a forward-looking industrialist.
(4) Seldom happy, he was always searching for a meaning to life, and from his youth, he had taken a serious interest in literature and philosophy. His greatest wish, however, was to see an end to wars, and thus peace between nations, and he spent much time and money working for this cause. To follow his will, a fund was set up to encourage people to make great progress in physics, chemistry, physiology, medicine, literature and peace. (5)
A. Everyone knows the story of his famous invention.
B. After that he had to experiment on a boat in a lake.
C. After his return, he started researching into bombs.
D. That's the Nobel Prize which means great honor to the winners.
E. He was quick to see industrial openings for his scientific inventions.
F. Most of his theories have been tested and found to be true though some may sound strange.
G. But Nobel's main concern was never with making money or even with making scientific discoveries.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共22.5分）
Being in the right place at the right time can mean the difference between life and death. A shepherd named Zhu Keming (21) to pull six runners to (22) in a 100-kilometer cross-country race in China's Gansu Province.
The day of the race started with mild weather. Zhu was (23) his flock (羊群) as usual. Then in the space of a few moments, everything (24) . As the temperature dropped quickly and freezing rain and snow began to pound the land, Zhu took (25) in a small cave he'd been using for years to (26) emergency supplies.
It was from this point that Zhu (27) that one of the runners appeared disoriented (迷失方向的) and in pain. Zhu brought the man back to the cave to (28) him up. After lighting a fire, Zhu returned to the mountainside, (29) five additional runners to the cave. There's little (30) that he finally saved their lives. (31) for the sudden change in the weather, most racers were wearing lightweight clothing that was no (32) for the coldness. The threat of hypothermia (体温过低) was all too real.
"I want to say how (33) I am to the man who saved me," runner Zhang Xiaotao posted on Sina Weibo. "Without him, I would have been (34) there." While Zhu is being praised as a hero in his homeland, the (35) shepherd doesn't see the reason for all the fuss. He says he's just an ordinary person who did a very ordinary thing.
21. A. tested the waters B. answered the call
C. did the trick D. braved the elements
22. A. safety B. debate C. stages D. challenges
23. A. tending B. hunting C. tracking D. preventing
24. A. worked B. changed C. existed D. improved
25. A. charge B. chances C. shelter D. notes
26. A. create B. check C. store D. discover
27. A. noticed B. estimated C. explained D. emphasized
28. A. pick B. stand C. warm D. cheer
29. A. following B. welcoming C. attracting D. guiding
30. A. risk B. doubt C. contact D. proof
31. A. Sorry B. Anxious C. Hungry D. Unprepared
32. A. match B. need C. comparison D. cause
33. A. regretful B. awful C. grateful D. helpful
34. A. put out B. left out C. brought in D. taken in
35. A. generous B. excited C. patient D. kind
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. What will our cities be like in 2050 How much will artificial intelligence advance Some scientists (1) (make) different predictions recently.
Joel E. Cohen from The Rockefeller University says (2) is likely that by 2050 the majority of the people in the world will live in urban areas, and will have a (3) (significant) higher average age than people today. Cities will be (4) only realistic solution to housing a population that is expected to expand (5) 9.7 billion by 2050.
And the technology will keep (6) (advance) rapidly. According to Bill Mitchell, the late director of MIT Media Lab's Smart Cities research group, cities of the future won't look like "some sort of science-fiction fantasy" or "Star Trek" but virtual reality will change (7) we live. Self-driving cars will make the roads (8) (secure), driving more efficient, and provide faster transport.
Charles Ebinger at the Brookings Institution thinks that by 2050 we will also have a so-called "smart grid" where all of our (9) (appliance) are linked directly to energy distribution (分布) systems, (10) (allow) for real-time pricing based on supply and demand. Such a technology would greatly benefit most people and reduce the consumption of fossil fuel energy.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、任务型读写（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）
37. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was one of the hottest days of the dry season. We had not seen rain for almost a month. The crops were dying. Cows had stopped giving milk. The streams were long gone back into the earth. If we didn't see some rain soon, we would lose everything. It was on this auk day that I learned the true lesson of sharing and saw the best miracle in my life.
I was making lunch for the family in the kitchen when I saw my six-year-old son, Billy, walking toward the woods. He was obviously walking with a great effort, trying to be as still as possible. Minutes after he disappeared into the woods, he came running out again, toward the house. I went back to make sandwiches thinking that whatever task he had been doing was completed.
Moments later, however, he was once again walking in that unusual way toward the woods. This activity went on for over an hour. Finally, my curiosity got the best of me. I crept out of the house and followed him on his journey.
He was cupping his hands in front of him as he walked, being very careful not to spill the water he carried. I stepped close as he went into the woods. Branches slapped (拍）his little face but he did not try to avoid them. He might have a much greater purpose, I thought. As I came closer, I saw the most amazing sight. Several large deer stood in front of him. Billy walked right up to them, at the sight of which I almost screamed (高声喊) at him to get away. A huge buck (雄鹿) was dangerously close.
But the buck neither threatened him nor even moved as Billy knelt down. And I saw a baby deer lying on the ground, obviously suffering from heavy loss of water and heat exhaustion, lifting its head with great effort to drink the water in my boy's hands.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph1:
When the water was gone, Billy jumped up to run back to the house.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Paragraph2:
This time I joined him, with a small pot of water from the kitchen.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）
38. 你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请你以“My Favourite Food”为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括:
(1)你最喜欢的食物；
(2)你喜欢该食物的原因。
注意：
(1)词数80左右；
(2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
My Favourite Food
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】B、C、C
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了将来孩子们会从事的一些职业。
根据Distant drone (无人驾驶飞机) drivers and pilots中最后一句Many delivery companies will soon need lots of drones and a large number of skilled pilots who can run the drones.（许多快递公司将很快需要大量无人机和大量能够驾驶无人机的熟练飞行员。）可知，Zach Howard 认为将来需要大量运行无人驾驶飞机的驾驶员。故选B。
2. 根据Gamification marketing experts中的The gamification marketing expert will help keep online buyers' attention by making their experiences more playful and exciting.（游戏化营销专家将帮助保持在线买家的注意力，使他们的体验更有趣和刺激。）可知，游戏化营销专家最有可能通过创造有趣的在线购物体验来影响顾客。故选C。
3. 根据最后一段中的Through the Jobs of 2030 project, ...replacing roads with forests.（一个组织猜测，通过“2030年的工作”项目，我们将需要重新野生者来消除人为、工厂、汽车和农业对农村造成的破坏。这些工作人员将负责拆除围墙，为鸟类提供飞行路径，并以森林取代道路。）可知，环境修复师将会消除人类、工厂、汽车和农业对农村造成的破坏。这些工作人员将负责拆除围墙，让鸟类重新获得飞行路径，并用森林替代道路。故选C。
4~7.【答案】D、C、B、B
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的母亲是一位来自意大利的移民，尽管在美国生活，她仍然保持着很多意大利人的传统，将爱通过食物传承了下来的故事。
根据第一段中的My mother, Gina, an immigrant from Calabria held on to so many of her family's traditions that at times, regardless of the fact that I was living in the United States, our home felt like part of Italy.（我的母亲Gina是来自卡拉布里亚(Calabria)的移民，她保留了很多家庭传统，以至于有时候，尽管我生活在美国，我们家感觉就像意大利的一部分。）及第二段中的my mother only speaks to me in Italian（我妈妈只跟我说意大利语）
可知，母亲虽然生活在美国，但是一直坚持意大利的传统，由此可知，作者的母亲很重视家庭传统。故选D。
2. 根据第三段中的Every day was "a special day" because times were tough, so food-and how it found its way onto the table—were a holy (神圣的) matter. One of the greatest lessons my mother taught me in the kitchen is to cook what you have on hand, and to never let anything go to waste.（每一天都是“特殊的日子”，因为时局艰难，所以食物以及食物如何摆上餐桌都是神圣的事情。在厨房里，我母亲教给我的最重要的一课就是做手头有的菜，不要浪费任何东西。）可知，因为日子不好过，所以餐桌上的食物和食物是怎么到餐桌上的是非常神圣的，母亲教给我的其中最重要的一课是绝不要浪费任何食物。故作者提到特殊的一天是为了表明家人非常珍惜来之不易的食物。故选C。
3. 根据第五段的内容（传统美食是周日与家人共进晚餐。当我们保存和重新制作这样的菜肴时，我们会感到一种自豪感和延续感。传统食品是我们从父母和祖父母那里得到的爱，也是我们反过来给子孙后代的爱。传统食品是一种无论何时何地食用都能让你感到安全和受保护的食品。）可知，家庭传统食物具有重要的意义。意大利炸饭团代表着如此多重要的关于家庭的传统。由此可知，emblematize是“代表”的意思。故选B。
4. 本文讲述了作者的母亲是一位意大利的移民，尽管在美国生活，她仍然保持着很多意大利人的传统，由此作者认识到家庭传统，尤其是爱通过食物传承了下来。故B项（如何通过食物传授家庭传统。）能概括本文大意。故选B。
8~11.【答案】A、D、B、C
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文为说明文。文章介绍了目前塑料制品的回收情况。
根据第一段中的At material recovery factories plastic gets sorted based on these numbers (they go up to 7), which show how recyclable it is.（在材料回收工厂，塑料是根据这些数字进行分类的（最高可达7），这表明了塑料的可回收性。）可知，塑料是依据它上面的数字被分类的，这些数字表示它的可回收性。故选A。
2. 根据第三段内容（数字越大，回收就越困难，这被称为“混合塑料”。这种垃圾占我们日常生活中使用的所有塑料的69%。它比编号为“1”和“2”的值要昂贵得多。在过去，混合塑料会被送往其他国家。但两年前，几乎没有国家购买外国塑料垃圾。）可知，塑料的数字越大，其回收难度越大，混合塑料在我们日常生活使用的塑料中所占比例大、处理成本高，两年前几乎没有国家购买等。因此本段主要介绍了回收利用混合塑料的难度。故选D。
3. 根据第五段中的The really simple answer is that there isn't so much throwaway plastic in the world.（最简单的答案是，世界上没有那么多一次性塑料。）可知，Hocevar提出的解决办法是让世界上没有那么多一次性塑料，即停止生产混合塑料制品。故选B。
4. 根据最后一段中的There's also a growing market for plastic numbered "5", a flexible plastic that includes yogurt containers.（编号为“5”的塑料市场也在增长，这是一种包括酸奶容器在内的柔性塑料。）可知，在酸奶容器上会发现数字“5”。故选C。
12~15.【答案】C、A、A、D
【解析】1. 根据第一段中的He compares trees in urban areas to orphans (孤儿) who have to grow without their network support, saying that light pollution makes city life even harder.（他将城市地区的树木比作孤儿，他们必须在没有网络支持的情况下成长，他说，光污染使城市生活更加困难。）可知，Wohlleben把城市里的树木比作孤儿是因为它们没有别的树支持。故选C。
2. 根据第二段中的"Trees that live near street lights will die earlier because it's like a light burning in your bedroom," he said. "If you have any influence on street lights, you'd better turn them off at 1 o'clock or so."（“住在街灯附近的树木会早死，因为这就像你卧室里的灯在燃烧，”他说。“如果你对街灯有任何影响，你最好在1点左右关灯。”）可知，人们应该通过午夜关掉路灯来保护城市里的树木。故选A。
3. 根据倒数第二段中的Plants have grown well under 24-hour cycles of light and darkness, but the spread of artificial light disturbs these cycles.（植物在24小时的光照和黑暗周期下生长得很好，但人造光的传播扰乱了这些周期。）可知，光线是通过打破树木的生长周期来伤害树木的。故选A。
4. 根据最后一段中的The well-known author looks after the forest representing the community in Hummel, Germany, where machinery is banned and the trees are left alone.（这位知名作家代表德国赫梅尔的社区照管森林，那里禁止使用机械，树木不受打扰。）可知，Wohlleben在Hummel的森林做的事情是阻止人们在那里使用机器。故选D。
16~20.【答案】C、B、E、G、D
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文为说明文。文章介绍了诺贝尔的生平及对科学研究发明的贡献。
根据上文中的Nobel studied in the USA and then Russia between 1850 and 1859.（1850年至1859年间，诺贝尔先后在美国和俄罗斯留学。）以及下文中的As is known, bomb is dangerous to life, but Nobel was working under that condition.（众所周知，炸弹对生命是危险的，但诺贝尔是在这种条件下工作的。）可知，上文提到诺贝尔出国留学，后文提到炸弹危险，由此可知，空处是在说明诺贝尔留学归来开始研究炸弹。C选项（回国后，他开始研究炸弹。）符合语境。故选C。
2. 根据上文中的Once a big explosion in his lab completely destroyed the lab and caused some deaths.（有一次，他的实验室发生了一次大爆炸，完全摧毁了实验室，造成了一些人的死亡。）可知，空处应当承接上文说明这次实验室爆炸造成的结果。B项（在那之后，他不得不在湖里的一艘船上做实验。）符合语境。故选B。
3. 根据上文中的Nobel had many patents in Britain and other European countries.（诺贝尔在英国和其他欧洲国家拥有许多专利。）和下文中的And he built up many companies in different countries. Indeed his greatness lay in his outstanding ability to combine the qualities of an original scientist with those of a forward-looking industrialist.（他在不同的国家建立了许多公司。事实上，他的伟大之处就在于他具有杰出的才能，能够把一个有独创性的科学家的品质与一个有远见的实业家的品质结合起来。）可知，诺贝尔很快就看到了他的科学发明在工业上的商机。故E项（他很快就看到了他的科学发明在工业界的机会。）符合语境。故选E。
4. 根据下文中的Seldom happy...peace between nations, and he spent much time and money working for this cause.（他很少快乐，总是在寻找人生的意义，从青年时代起，他就对文学和哲学产生了浓厚的兴趣。然而，他最大的愿望是看到战争的结束，从而实现国与国之间的和平，为此他花费了大量的时间和金钱。）可知，下文提到诺贝尔总是在寻找人生的意义，从年轻时起，他就对文学和哲学产生了浓厚的兴趣，说明空处启示后文：诺贝尔主要关心的从来都不是赚钱，甚至不是科学发现，故G项（但诺贝尔主要关心的从来不是赚钱，甚至也不是科学发现。）符合语境。故选G。
5. 根据上文中的To follow his will, a fund was set up to encourage people to make great progress in physics, chemistry, physiology, medicine, literature and peace.（按照他的意愿，设立了一个基金，鼓励人们在物理、化学、生理、医学、文学和和平方面取得巨大的进步。）可知，空处是对上文的总结，故D项（这是诺贝尔奖，对获奖者来说意味着巨大的荣誉。）符合语境。故选D。
21~35.【答案】D、A、A、B、C、C、A、C、D、B、D、A、C、B、D
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文为记叙文，文章讲述了在中国甘肃省举行的一场100公里越野赛遭遇极端天气，一位叫朱克铭的牧羊人冒着严寒将六位选手带到了安全地带的故事。
句意：在中国甘肃省举行的100公里越野赛中，一位名叫朱克铭的牧羊人勇敢地将六名选手拉到了安全地带。tested the waters 试探；answered the call响应号召；did the trick达到目的；braved the elements冒着风雨。根据下文中的As the temperature dropped quickly and freezing rain and snow began to pound the land...brought the man back to the cave可知，一位叫朱克铭的牧羊人冒着严寒将六位选手带到了安全地带。故选D。
2. 句意同上。safety安全；debate辩论；stages阶段；challenges挑战。根据下文中的five additional runners to the cave. There's little (10) that he finally saved their lives.可知，此处safety符合语境。故选A。
3. 句意：朱克铭像往常一样在放羊。tending照管；hunting猎杀；tracking追踪；preventing阻止。根据he day of the race started with mild weather. Zhu was (3) his flock (羊群) as usual.可知，朱克铭是位牧羊人，他像往常一样照看着他的羊群。故选A。
4. 句意：然后在几分钟的时间里，一切都变了。worked工作；changed改变；existed存在；improved提高。根据上文中的The day of the race started with mild weather和下文中的As the temperature dropped quickly and freezing rain and snow began to pound the land可知，在片刻的时间里，一切都变了（changed）。故选B。
5. 句意：随着气温迅速下降，冻雨和大雪开始席卷大地，朱在一个小山洞里避难，这个山洞多年来一直用来储存应急物资。charge收费；chances机会；shelter避难；notes笔记。根据句意可知，固定短语take shelter“寻求庇护；避难”符合句意。故选C。
6. 句意同上。create创造；check核查；store储存；discover发现。根据句意可知，此处指这个山洞多年来一直用来储存应急物资，故选C。
7. 句意：就在这时，朱注意到其中一名选手出现了迷失方向和疼痛的症状。noticed注意到；estimated估计；explained解释；emphasized强调。根据下文中的that one of the runners appeared disoriented (迷失方向的) and in pain. Zhu brought the man back to the cave可知，朱克铭注意到其中一名选手似乎迷失了方向，处于痛苦之中。故选A。
8. 句意：朱把那个人带回到山洞里给他取暖。pick挑选；stand站；warm(使)温暖，变暖和；cheer欢呼。根据下文中的After lighting a fire可知，朱克铭把那个人带回山洞里为他取暖。故选C。
9. 句意：生火后，朱返回山腰，带领另外五名跑步者进入山洞。following跟着；welcoming欢迎；attracting吸引；guiding指引。根据Zhu returned to the mountainside, (9) five additional runners to the cave.可知，点燃一堆火后，朱克铭返回山坡，带领另外五名选手前往洞穴。故选D。
10. 句意：毫无疑问，他救了他们的命。risk风险；doubt疑问；contact联系；proof证据。There's little doubt that...“毫无疑问......”，为固定短语，符合句意。故选B。
11. 句意：由于对天气的突然变化毫无准备，大多数参赛选手都穿着与寒冷不相称的轻便服装。Sorry遗憾，难过；Anxious焦虑的；Hungry饥饿的；Unprepared毫无准备的；根据下文中的most racers were wearing lightweight clothing可知，参赛选手对天气变化毫无准备。故选D。
12. 句意同上。match匹配；need需要；comparison比较；cause原因。固定短语no match for“无法对抗”符合句意。故选A。
13. 句意：跑步者张晓涛在新浪微博上写道：“我想说，我非常感谢那个救了我的人。”regretful后悔的；awful糟糕的；grateful感激的；helpful有帮助的。根据下文中的Without him, I would have been (14) there.可知，参赛选手张小涛很感激那个救了他的牧羊人。故选C。
14. 句意：如果没有他，我会被留在那里。put out扑灭；left out留下；brought in带来；taken in吸收。根据上文的描述可知，张小涛认为如果没有朱克铭，他可能会被留在那里。文中指会死在山坡上。故选B。
15. 句意：虽然朱克铭在家乡被誉为英雄，但这位善良的牧羊人并不认为有什么理由大惊小怪。他说他只是一个普通人，做了一件非常普通的事。generous慷慨的；excited激动的；patient耐心的；kind善良的。根据上文他救人的事迹和下文中的He says he's just an ordinary person who did a very ordinary thing可知，朱克铭很善良。故选D。
36.【答案】【小题1】
have made
【小题2】
it
【小题3】
significantly
【小题4】
the
【小题5】
to
【小题6】
advancing
【小题7】
how
【小题8】
securer
【小题9】
appliances
【小题10】
allowing
【解析】1. 根据句中的recently可知，此处应用现在完成时，且主语为Some scientists，助动词应用have，故填have made。
2. 分析句子可知，says后为宾语从句，宾语从句中that引导的从句为真正的主语，空处应用it作形式主语。故填it。
3. 分析句子可知，此处修饰形容词的比较级higher，应用副词形式。故填significantly。
4. 分析句子可知，solution为主句的表语，又根据空后的only可知，此处应用定冠词the。故填the。
5. 根据句意可知，此处表示“到2050年人口预计达到97亿”，应用介词to。故填to。
6. keep doing sth.意为“继续做某事”，为固定用法，所以空处应填动词的-ing形式作宾语。故填advancing。
7. 分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句作change的宾语，且此处表示“虚拟现实将会改变我们生活的方式”，故填how。
8. 分析句子可知，此处为“make+宾语+宾补”结构，此处应用形容词作宾补，且根据空后的driving more efficient，and provide faster transport可知，此处应用比较级。故填securer。
9. appliance为可数名词，根据空前的all of和空后的are可知，此处应用名词复数形式。故填appliances。
10. 分析句子可知，此处应填非谓语动词；主语和allow是主谓关系，此处应用动词-ing形式作状语。故填allowing。
37.【答案】 When the water was gone, Billy jumped up to run back to the house. I followed him back to the tap. Billy turned it on and began to cup both hands. He knelt down, letting the drip slowly fill up his "cup". And now I knew what was going on. Obviously, he was afraid of being scolded for wasting water, so he avoided asking me for help. When he stood up and turned back, I walked toward him. His eyes were filled with tears. "Mom, I'm not wasting."
This time I joined him, with a small poof water from the kitchen. I let him tend to the baby deer alone while I just helped fetch the water. As the tears that rolled down my face began to hit the ground, they were suddenly joined by other drops…and more drop…and more. I looked up at the sky. It was as if God, himself, was weeping with pride. I can't believe it was raining!
【解析】略
38.【答案】My Favourite Food Of all the foods I have ever tried, dumplings are my favourite. There are several reasons why I love dumplings best.
①First of all, no matter how they are cooked—steamed, boiled or pan-fried, they are delicious as well as nutritious. Besides, as one of the most important foods during the Spring Festival, dumplings represent good fortune and reunion. ②Most importantly, they bring lots of joy when family members get together, make dumplings and share their stories with each other.
So with so much pleasure to get from dumplings, it is really hard not to be attracted by them.
【解析】【思路点拨】
本篇书面表达的话题是你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请你以My Favourite Food为题，写一篇短文参赛。写作时应注意词汇的选择和句式的准确使用，可适当添加一定衔接词，使行文连贯。
【亮点词汇】
①as well as和，也
②most importantly 更重要的是
【高分句型】
①First of all, no matter how they are cooked—steamed, boiled or pan-fried, they are delicious as well as nutritious.（no matter how引导的让步状语从句）
②Most importantly, they bring lots of joy when family members get together, make dumplings and share their stories with each other.（when引导的时间状语从句）
【结构布局】
引言：提出主题
中心：你最喜欢的食物
结尾：你喜欢该食物的原因
【拓展词汇】
①take a positive attitude to/towards对……采取积极的态度
②keep a balance diet保持均衡饮食
③build up one's body/strength强身健体
【拓展句型】
①Getting rid of bad habits like staying up late is an important way to keep heathy.（戒掉像熬夜这样的坏习惯是保持健康的重要方式。）
②People are beginning to attach more importance to their health these days than ever before.（如今人们比以往更重视健康。）
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