课件48张PPT。 Module 6 Animals in DangerIndia plans to spend $13 million to protect tigers
The Indian government plans to spend
more than $13 million establishing a
special ranger force to protect the
country’s endangered tigers.The funding proposed Friday by Finance Minister P.
Chidambaram follows the announcement just weeks ago of a
$153 million program to create new tiger reserves,
underscoring renewed efforts by India’s government to
protect the big cats.
New estimates suggest India’s wild tiger population has
dropped from nearly 3,600 five years ago to about 1,411, the
Government-run Tiger Project said last month.
①“The number 1,411 should ring the alarm bells... The tiger
is under threat，” Chidambaram told Parliament during
his budget (预算 ) presentation for 2010～2011.Chidambaram said the National Tiger Conservation Authority would be granted about $ 13.15 million to “raise, arm and deploy ”a Tiger Protection Force.②While the budget is just a proposal at this stage, Parliament is widely expected to pass it without opposition later this month.Protection from poachers
Conservationists welcomed the government’s proposal,
saying a new force would need to be specially trained and
armed to protect tigers from poachers.
“They are finally addressing a very important
problem——poaching，” Belinda Wright, director of the
Wildlife Protection Society of India, said Saturday. ③“I
would imagine that much of the existing system would be
improved by the injection of the funds.”1．佳句仿写
①水缺乏给我们敲响了警钟。(ring vt.～a bell /drum etc.)
_______________________________________
②我们希望每个同学8：30在校门口集合。(be expected to do)
________________________________________________________
Water shortage rang the alarm bells.Every student is expected to gather at the gate of
the school at 8：30 am.______________________2．翻译佳句，放眼高考
I would imagine that much of the existing system would be
improved by the injection of the funds.
____________________________________________________我可以想像到随着资金注入，现有体系将有大幅改善。Period One Introduction & Reading
1． _____________ vt. 使……处于险境；危及
2．________ n．保护区；保护圈
3．________ n. 栖息地
4．________ adj. 绝种的；灭绝的
5．________ n. 挣扎；斗争
6．________ vt. 保护endangerreservehabitatextinctstruggleprotectⅠ.单词识记7．________ n．战斗
8．________ adj. 理想的
9．________ adj. 值……钱
10．________ n. (某事发生的)准确地点；现场
11．______________ vt. 没收
12． ______________ n. 环境；情况
13． ______________ adv. 同时
battleidealworthspotconfiscateconditionmeanwhile
1．________________由于，多亏
2． ____________________________ 在一个滴水成冰的寒冷日子
3．________________ 放下；写下
4．________________为……献身
5．on the spot ________________
6．at a time ________________
7．come into fashion________________
8．get tough with ________________________thanks to on a freezing cold day put downgive one’s life to 一次 成为时尚当场对……采取强硬措施Ⅱ.短语天地
Although surprised, the poachers had an advantage—
there were more of them.
[信息提取] 状语从句的省略
[例句仿写] 你应呆在你现在的地方不动，除非叫你动。
You should stay where you are，unless___________________
(you are) asked to
_______. leaveⅢ.句型搜索2．Often working at night, the poachers shoot whole herds of
antelopes at a time, leaving only the babies, whose wool is not
worth so much.
[信息提取] often working at night和leaving only the babies
现在分词短语分别作方式状语和结果状语。
[例句仿写] 汤姆从自行车上摔下来，划破了腿。
Tom fell off the bike, ________________. cutting his leg3．International co-operation seems to be working.
[信息提取] 主语＋seem(s)＋to be ＋ adj./n./prep.-ph.
/分词
[例句仿写] 我好像听到有人在敲门。
________________someone knocking at the door. I seem to hear
Fast Reading：Scan the text and choose the best answers
according to the text.
1．How many antelopes have to be killed to make a wool
shawl?
A．3～4. B．5～6. C．7～8. D．9～10.
2．All of the following play an important part in protecting
the antelopes EXCEPT________.
A．the officials working in the reserve
B．the dealers of the shawls
C．the volunteers coming from all over China
D．the police in the countries where the shawls are soldⅣ.预读理解3．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to
the passage?
A．The aim of the poachers is to catch the baby antelopes.
B．Police are getting tough with the dealers who deal with the
wool shawls.
C．The wool is made into shawls in developed countries, and
then the shawls are exported to India.
D．Some rich people’s preference for wool shawls has little
connection with the decrease of the number of the antelopes.
答案 1.C 2.B 3.B1．endanger vt. 使…… 遭受危害，危及
Smoking endangers your health.
吸烟危害健康。
The polluted air in the city is badly endangering the health of
the residents.
城里被污染的空气正严重地危及居民的健康。【比较网站】 endanger/in danger/dangerous【归纳拓展】【完成句子】
①大熊猫是面临绝种危险的动物。
The giant panda is an ______________ species.
②他病得很重，但医生们说他已脱离危险。
He has been very ill, but the doctors say that he is now
_________________.
③这老人有生命危险。
The old man was ______________.
④那条狗很危险，它咬人。
That dog is __________； it bites people.dangerousendangeredout of dangerin danger2. extinct adj.绝种的；灭绝的
If we continue to destroy the environment, many more
animals will become extinct.
我们若继续破坏自然环境，将会有更多的动物绝种。
【归纳拓展】 【完成句子】
①居住在山区的大猩猩已濒临灭绝。
The gorilla in the mountain is on the edge of __________.
②恐龙已经绝种几百万年了。
Dinosaurs have been ________for millions of years.extinctionextinct3．struggle n．&.v. 奋斗；挣扎；斗争
The shopkeeper struggled with the thief.
店主与那窃贼搏斗起来。
She struggled to get away from her attacker.
她挣扎着想摆脱那个侵犯她的人。
The two leaders are struggling for power.
那两个领导人正在争夺权力。
【归纳拓展】 【完成句子】
①她努力忍住泪水。
She ______________ keep back the tears.
②她经过长期的努力，在业务上已能应付自如。
After______________， she gained control of the business.
③他们为和平而战。
They ______________ peace.
④这位老人一直在与病魔斗争。
The old man has been ____________________ illness.struggled toa long strugglestruggled forstruggling with/against4．protect vt.保护
These gallant soldiers will protect our country.
这些勇敢的士兵会保卫我们的国家的。
【归纳拓展】 【名师点津】
keep...from doing(from不能
省)/prevent...(from)doing/stop...(from) doing阻止某人做
某事
【翻译句子】
你需要穿暖些以免着凉。
____________________________________________________
You need warm clothes to protect you against the cold.5．worth adj.值……钱；有……价值的；值得
This painting is worth 100 yuan.
这幅画值100元。
His words are worth notice.
他的话值得注意。【比较网站】 worth/worthy/worthwhile【一句多译】
这本书值得读。
_________________________________ _________________________________①The book is worth reading.
②The book is worthy of being read.
③The book is worthy to be read.
④It is worthwhile reading the book.__________________________________________________________________6．condition n．[ pl.]环境；情况；[C]条件；[U]状况，状态。
The miners there worked in dreadful conditions.
那里的矿工们在极其恶劣的环境中工作。
He can use my bicycle on condition that he returns it tomorrow.他可以用我的自行车，条件是明天还我。
Exercise keeps you in good condition.
锻炼使你保持健康。【归纳拓展】【名师点津】
当condition表示“环境，形势”时，用复数形式。如：
living/working conditions生活/工作环境【完成句子】
①我可以做此事，如果你支付一切费用。
I’ll do it ________________ you pay for everything.
②我们决不能向困难屈服。
________________ can we give in to difficulty.
③病人的情况如何？
What’s the patient’s ________________？
④他就其年龄而言，身体极好。
He’s _______________________ for a man of his age.on condition thatOn no conditionconditionin excellent condition1．put down放下；写下，记下；镇压，平定
It’s a great book.I couldn’t put it down.
真是一本好书，我爱不释手。
Put the answer down in your notebook.
把答案记在你的笔记本上。
The military government is determined to put down all
opposition.军政府决心镇压一切反对力量。
The bus stopped to put down some passengers.
公共汽车停下来让一些旅客下车。【归纳拓展】 用put短语完成下列句子
①这本书真好，我爱不释手。
The book is so good that I couldn’t ______________.
②这个工厂每周生产五百辆小汽车。
The plant ________________ 500 new cars a week.
③简怎能容忍他那么久？
How has Jane________________ him for so long?
④今天可做的事不要拖到明天再做。
Don’t________________till tomorrow what can be done
today. put it downputs output up withput off2．give one's life to/for为……献身，把一生献给……
He himself had determined to give his own life also to the same career.
他本人已经决心把他的生命也投入到同样的事业中去。
He gave his life to save the drowning child.
他为拯救落水的孩子献出了自己的生命。【归纳拓展】【完成句子】
①他把一生都献给了造福人类的事业。
He has ___________________________ benefiting mankind.
②凯蒂看上去很年轻，充满了活力。
Katie seemed young and ______________.
③他将被永远铭记，因为他为革命事业而献出了生命。
He will be remembered forever, because he _______________
the revolutionary cause.devoted his whole life tofull of lifegives his life to3．at a time 一次，每次
Do one thing at a time，and do well!
－次只做一件事情，并且要做好！
You can borrow two books at a time from the library.
你一次只能从图书馆借两本书。
【归纳拓展】【单项填空】
________India was a British colony and that’s why many
people there can speak English.
A．At no time B．At one time
C．At a time D．In no time
解析 句意：印度曾经是英国的殖民地，那就是那儿的很多
人能说英语的原因。at one time曾经，一度；at no time决
不；in no time立刻；at a time 一次。故选B。 B1．Although surprised，the poachers had an advantage —
there were more of them.尽管偷猎者们很吃惊，但他们占有
优势——他们人多。
although surprised＝although they were surprised是让步状
语从句的省略。
【归纳拓展】【名师点津】
省略句口诀
时，条，让，伴，比；主语同，谓语be；
二者省去不可惜，从句主语是it，省去it’s也可以。用省略句完成下列句子
①尽管天气寒冷，但是他并没有生炉子。
He didn’t light the fire ______________.
②必要时你应该做笔记。
You should make notes ______________.
③除非受到邀请，否则我不去。
I won’t go ______________.although coldwhen necessaryunless invited2．International co-operation seems to be working.国际间的合作好像正在起作用。
seem to be doing“好像正在……”。其中seem为系动词，意为“看起来”，to be doing为不定式的进行式，表示动作正在进行。
The child seems to be lying.
这孩子看上去正在撒谎。【归纳拓展】 【完成句子】
①他似乎已经知道了事实。
He _________________________the truth.
②我觉得这好像是他最重要的小说。
______________________ this is his most important novel.
③看上去好像除了我之外每个人都知道。
__________________everybody else knows it except me.seems to have knownIt seems to me thatIt seems as if课件42张PPT。Period Two Vocabulary and Listening；Function；
Speaking；Everyday English；Reading
and Writing
1．________n. 目标；目的
2．________ vt. 涉及；包括
3．________adj. 活的
4．________vt.产卵；下蛋Ⅰ.单词识记aiminvolvelivelay5．________ n．奇迹
6．________n．哺乳动物
7．________n. 边缘
8．________ n. 灭绝；绝种wondermammalbrinkextinction
1． ______________________________关心/担心……
2．________________密切注视
3．________________(动物)以……为食
4. go for ________________
5. on the brink of`_____________________________be concerned for/about... keep an eye onfeed on 袭击，向……进攻 在……边缘；濒临……Ⅱ.短语天地
1．The population is supposed to be less than 5,000；some
experts believe the figure could be nearer 2,000.
[信息提取] be supposed to do sth 理应……；应该……
[例句仿写] 他应该六点之前到。
He _________________________ before six o’clock.is supposed to arriveⅢ.句型搜索2．Only about 1,000 survive，most of them in Siberia.
[信息提取] 独立结构(名词/代词＋介词短语/现在分词/形容词/过去分词/副词/不定式)
[例句仿写] 两百人死于事故，其中有许多儿童。
Two hundred people died in the
accident, _________________________.many of them children1．aim
(1)n.目标，对准
Her aim was good and hit the lion with her first shot.
她瞄得准，第一枪就打中了狮子。
He has only one aim in life—to succeed.
他活着只有一个目的就是成功。(2) v．对准目标，打算
He aimed his gun at the target, fired and missed it.
他用枪瞄准目标开火，却未打中。
She’s aiming at a scholarship.
她争取获得奖学金。
【归纳拓展】 【完成句子】
①我们现在的目标是创办一座工厂。
It is now________________ a factory.
②他用枪瞄准了敌军官。
He ________________the enemy officer.
③我们要力求增加出口货物。
We must________________/________________ exports.our aim to set upaimed the gun ataim at increasingto increase2．involve vt. 包括；需要；使参加；涉及；引起
The job involved me/my living in London.
工作需要我住在伦敦。
Don’t involve me in solving your problems!
你解决你的问题， 不要把我拉进去！
【归纳拓展】【完成句子】
①这份工作包括什么？
What will the job________？
②每天我们每个人作出的决定都包含碰运气的成分。
Every day each of us makes decisions that ______________a
chance.
③尽量让多些孩子参与游戏。
Try to________ as many children as
possible_______________.involveinvolve takinginvolvein the game3．live
(1)adj.活的(常用作定语)
I bought two live fish in the market.
我在市场上买了两条活鱼。
(2)adj.现场直播的，实况转播的
Some television and radio programs are live.
有些电视节目和广播节目是现场直播的。
(3)adv.在现场直播
The football game was televised live.
那场足球比赛是在电视上现场直播的。(4)v.住；生存，生活
We used to live in London.
我们过去住在伦敦。
Spiders can live for several days without food.
蜘蛛几天不吃食物仍然可以活。【比较网站】 alive/live/living/lively选词填空 (live/alive/lively/living)
①Many people are against doing experiments on________
animals.
②A ________ person is full of life and is always doing things.
③He has been missing for a long time. No one knows whether
he is dead or________.
④He is considered as the greatest________artist.livelivelyaliveliving4．lay 产卵，下蛋；放置；铺；设置
The black hen lays an egg a day.
那只黑母鸡每天下一个蛋。
Please lay the packages on the table.
请把包裹放在桌上。
The workers are laying the tracks.工人们在铺设铁轨。
【归纳拓展】 【完成句子】
①你可以把这本书放在桌子上。
You may________________________________.
②他们制定了一些规则，以阻止喝醉酒的司机开车。
They____________ a number of rules to prevent the
drunken drivers from driving. lay this book on the tablelaid down5．wonder
(1)n.[C]奇迹，奇事；[U]惊异，惊奇
They were filled with wonder when they saw the spaceship.
当他们看到宇宙飞船时，他们非常惊奇。
He hasn’t slept at all for three days. It is no wonder he is
tired out.
他已经三天没有睡觉了。难怪他很疲倦。(2)v.惊讶，惊奇；想知道
Many people wonder at the beauty of nature around them.
很多人赞叹自己周围大自然的美。
I wonder who he is and where he comes from.
我想知道他是谁，来自哪里。【归纳拓展】 【完成句子】
①Grand Canyon is one of________________________ (自然奇
观)of the world.
②I____________________ (想知道)he hurt himself jumping over
the wall.the natural wonderswonder whether1．be concerned about/ for关心/担心某事；对某事关注
Many people are concerned about the health recovery of Mr.
Johnson.
很多人都在关心约翰逊先生的康复。
The government is deeply concerned about the economic
crisis.政府对经济危机深感担忧。【归纳拓展】【完成句子】
①父母真正关心孩子们的幸福。
Parents are truly ___________________ their children’s
happiness.
②这本书讲的主要是如何交友的问题。
This book is mainly________________the problem of how to
make friends.
③她特别担心她孩子的安全。
She felt very________________ her child’s safety.concerned forconcerned withconcerned about
2．keep an eye on照看，留意
Keep an eye on the stove in case the coffee boils.
注意炉子，别让咖啡沸出。
Just keep your eyes on the children while I am out, will you?
我出去时请照看一下孩子们，好吗？
【归纳拓展】 【完成句子】
①突然一个红色的东西引起了他的注意。
All of a sudden something red _________________.
②我无法再正视他的目光，我已把那钱全丢了。
I couldn’t ______________________ afterwards，knowing that I
had lost all that money.caught his eyelook him in the eye3．go for袭击，想要获得
She went for him with a knife.
她用刀子袭击他。
He is going for a job. 他正在求职。
【归纳拓展】 【单项填空】
Tom, don’t________others. It is you who are to blame.
A．go in for B．go in with
C．go for D．go after
解析 句意：汤姆，不要抨击别人，是你该受责备。go for
在此处意为“抨击”，故选C。go in for爱好，参加考试；
go in with与某人合伙；go after追求。 C4．feed on(动物)以……为食
Sheep feed on grass.羊以草为食。
【归纳拓展】 We feed sheep on/with grass.我们用草喂羊。
We feed grass to sheep.我们用草喂羊。
【比较网站】 live on/ live by /feed on
(1)live on主要用于人，以人作主语，指依靠什么生活或靠吃
什么东西为生。
(2)live by用于人，指人靠什么手段谋生，后面接谋生的手
段。
(3)feed on主要用于动物，以动物作主语，指以什么为食，有
时用于婴儿。【翻译句子】
农民用玉米喂猪。
__________________________________
__________________________________The farmers feed corn to pigs./
The farmers feed pigs on/with corn.1．The population is supposed to be less than 5,000；some
experts believe the figure could be nearer 2,000.(这种动物的)
数量被普遍认为不足5 000只，有些专家认为这个数字接近2
000。
be supposed to...中的to是不定式符号，其后要跟动词原形，
通常表示“应当/理应做某事”。
Students are not supposed to play football in the street.
学生不应在马路上踢足球。
I haven’t seen it myself, but it is supposed to be a great movie.
这部电影我没有看过，不过人们普便认为它很不错。 【归纳拓展】【完成句子】
①我们不应该在教室里吸烟。
We’re ________________ smoke in the classroom.
②我认为他不同意。
I ________________________ agree.
③你放学后想做什么？
_____________________ you will do after school?not supposed todon’t suppose that he’llWhat do you suppose2．Only about 1,000 survive, most of them in Siberia.只有大
约一千只幸存下来，其中大部分在西伯利亚。
句中most of them in Siberia是由“逻辑主语十介词短语”构
成的独立主格结构，在句中作状语，相当于“...and most of
them are in Siberia.”。独立主格结构的逻辑主语独立存在，
与主句的主语是不一致的。该结构可置于句首、句中或句
尾,通常用逗号将它与主句分开。【归纳拓展】 【完成句子】
①他走进了房间，鼻子红红的。
He came into the room，_____________.
②会议结束后，他们离开了。
_____________________ ，they left.
③他进来了，手里拿着一个杯子。
He came in，______________________.
④如果天气允许的话，我们去野餐。
_______________________，we’ll go for a picnic.
⑤做完了工作，他回家了。
______________，he went home.his nose redThe meeting overa cup in his handWeather permittingThe work done3．表达感情的句式结构
(1)表达焦虑和关心
①What’s the matter with you? 你怎么啦？
②Oh，what shall I do?
哦，我应该做什么？
③We were anxious about his safety.我们担心他的安全。
④I’m concerned about...我很担心……
⑤Are you worried about your health? 你担心你的健康吗？
(2)表达遗憾
①I’m sorry to hear you are going away.
很遗憾，听说你将要离开了。
②I’m sorry about... 对……，我很抱歉。课件31张PPT。Period Three Cultural Corner
1．________ n．首字母
2．________ n. 分支机构；办事处
3． _____________ n．大陆；洲
4．________ n. 焦点；集中点
5．________n. 能源
6．________vt. 浪费
7．________ vt. 监测initialbranchcontinentfocusenergywastemonitorⅠ.单词识记
1．________________代表
2．________________建立；设立
3． _______________________________对……产生影响
4. as a result ________________
5. work on ________________stand for set up have an effect/influence on 因此从事……工作Ⅱ.短语天地
The WWF believes that our world has a future only if people
learn to conserve nature and not waste energy.
[信息提取] only if...只要……，引导条件状语从句
[例句仿写] 我告诉他，只要努力工作就能够成功。
I told him that he would succeed __________________________.
only if he worked hardⅢ.句型搜索
1．Supporters help the WWF by________.
A．donating money B．working for free
C．protecting rare animals D．saving pandas
2．In the 1960s, the attention of WWF focused on ________.
A．extinct animals
B．activities affecting environment
C．pollutions of all kinds
D．rare animals and plantsⅣ.预读理解3．The WWF in China is doing________.
A．protection of environment
B．education about students in school
C．jobs related to energy
D．all the above
答案 1.A 2.A 3.D1．focus
(1)n.焦点， 焦距， 中心
The focus on my camera isn’t working properly.
我的照相机上的调焦装置有毛病。
The focus of this chapter is the American Revolution.
本章的重点是讲美国独立战争。
She always wants to be the focus of attention.
她老想成为人们注意的中心。 (2)v. 集中， 聚集， 使集中
All eyes were focused on him.
大家的眼光都注意着他。
Please focus your minds on the following problem.
请集中考虑以下问题。
【归纳拓展】【完成句子】
①讨论集中在三个主要问题上。
The discussion______________ three main problems.
②你应该努力把注意力集中在工作和学习上。
You must try to _________________________ work and study.
③她长得漂亮，很惹人注目。
Her beauty makes her _________________________.focused onfocus your attention onthe focus of attention2．waste
(1)vt.浪费
All his efforts were wasted.
他所有的努力都白费了。
Don’t waste your time and energy on small things.
别把你的时间和精力浪费在琐事上。
(2)n.废(弃)物，垃圾；荒地；浪费
Doing such a job is a waste of his talents.
做这种工作是在浪费他的才能。
A lot of poisonous waste from the chemical works polluted
the river.化工厂的许多有毒废料污染这条河。 【归纳拓展】 【完成句子】
①别把钱花在愚蠢的东西上面，存下吧。
Don’t ________________________ silly things; save it.
②很多家用废弃物是可以回收的。
A lot of______________ can be recycled.
③和她说话纯粹是浪费时间。
It’s only ______________ to speak to her. a waste of timehousehold wastewaste your money on1．stand for 代表；主张，坚持；容忍(多用于否定句)
WTO stands for the World Trade Organization.
WTO代表“世界贸易组织”。
The government stands for freedom of speech.
政府主张言论自由。
I am not standing for it any longer.
这种事我再也不能容忍了。【归纳拓展】 【翻译句子】
我不会容忍被别人当孩子一样对待。
________________________________________
I won’t stand for being treated like a child.2．set up建立；设立
Police set up roadblocks on routes leading out of the city.
警方在通往城外的路上设置了路障。
A new government was set up after the war.
战后成立了新政府。
She set up a new world record in the 100 metres.
她创下了新的百米世界记录。【比较网站】 put up/set up/build/build up/found选词填空(put up/ set up/ build/ found)
①The young man has ________________ a ous tent.
②They ________a school for the children in the mountainous
area.
③They________ a big factory last year.
④________ in 1935 in Ohio, Alcoholics Anonymous is now a
Worldwide organization.set up/put upset upbuiltFoundedThe WWF believes that our world has a future only if people
learn to conserve nature and not waste energy. WWF相信只
要人们学会去保护自然而不浪费我们的资源，我们的地球就
会有美好的未来。
only if 的意思是“只要……”，引导一般条件句，句子中不
用虚拟语气，其中的only 放于句首表示强调，主句要部分
倒装。
I told him that he would succeed only if he worked hard.
我告诉他，只要他努力工作就能成功。
Only if you study hard will you pass the exam.
只要你努力学习，就会通过考试。【比较网站】 if only/ only if
(1)only if 只要……，引导陈述语气的真实条件句。
(2)if only 但愿……，要是……就好了。常遇到用虚拟语气
的条件句或感叹句。
He will help you only if you ask for him.
只要你向他请求帮助，他就会帮助你。
If only we had arrived on time, we would not have missed the
train.要是我们按时到，就不会误车了。
If only I were younger! 要是我年轻一点儿就好了！ 【翻译句子】
只要你走快些，你就能赶上他。
____________________________________________
You can catch up with him only if you walk faster.描写一种动物
【写作任务】
根据下列要点提示写一篇描述大象的短文。
【写作内容】
1．大象是最大的陆地动物，出生时一般重90公斤，身高1米
左右。当12岁成年时，它的身高达3米多，以后不再生长。大
象呈灰色，有长长的鼻子，在嘴的两侧各有一根长长的象
牙。
2．大象通常集体生活在一起，彼此互相照顾。
3．多年来人们利用这种强壮的动物来搬运重物。【写作要求】
1．词数120左右。
2．参考词汇：象牙ivory tusk，象鼻trunk
【写作分析】
第一步：认真审题
1．此类文章属于说明文的范畴，以“说明”为主要表达方
式，用来介绍动物的类属、生活习性、生存状态、外貌特
征等，可对描述的对象作总体概括介绍，给人以直观的总
体认识，然后进行具体说明，目的在于给人知识，了解此
种动物。2．此类文章多用一般现在时。文章应合理安排结构，注意行文的条理清晰，在动笔之前要想好描述顺序，句与句之间怎样衔接，段与段之间怎样联系。
3．本次写作的正文可分为三部分。 第一段：对大象进行总体概括介绍，并从身高、体重方面进行描述，给人以直观的总体认识。第二段：对大象的具体特征和生活习性作进一步的描述。第三段：对大象的用途进行介绍。第二步：提炼要点
1．the largest animal
2．weigh ninety kilograms
3．not...any more
4．a long trunk
5．care for
6．a tool
7．be useful to第三步：扩点成句
1．The elephant is the largest animal on land today.
2．It weighs some ninety kilograms and is about one metre
high when born.
3．When it is 12 years old, it is over three metres tall and does
not grow any more.
4．The elephant is usually grey in color, having a long trunk
with large ivory tusks on each side of its mouth.5．Usually moving in groups and caring for each other, the
elephant is known to be a very gentle creature.
6．For many years people have used the strength of these
powerful animals to move trees and heavy logs. The
elephant has been and is a tool for people to do many things.
7．Its size, beauty and power will forever be useful to man.【参考范文】
The elephant is the largest animal on land today. It weighs
some ninety kilograms and is about one metre high when
born.When it is 12 years old, it is over three metres tall and
does not grow any more.
The elephant is usually grey in color，having a long trunk
with large ivory tusks on each side of its mouth. Usually
moving in groups and caring for each other, the elephant is
known to be a very gentle creature.For many years people have used the strength of these powerful animals to move trees and heavy logs. The elephant has been and is a tool for people to do many things. The elephant is and will continue to be one of the greatest creatures man has ever come into contact with.Its size, beauty and power will forever be useful to man.【亮点展示】
1．此文条理清晰，语言流畅、自然。能够根据所给要点进行
描写，但无逐条翻译的感觉。
2．本文以简单句为主，又恰当地使用了非谓语动词、现在分
词作状语、省略结构以及定语从句、宾语从句等的复合句，
使文章层次大大提高，使文章富有气势。
3．高级词汇和短语weigh, not...any more, come into contact
等的使用，体现了作者扎实的语言功底。【写作模板】
常用句式：
①The snake/tiger...is a．..animal that lives in...
②Lions/Tigers...have...shoulders, strong legs and powerful
jaws.
③A guide dog is a dog especially trained to guide a blind
person.
④In recent years，...has been developing rapidly.
⑤It was really an impressive visit.
⑥I’m sure people...will work harder to...
⑦It is our eager hope that people who...will...
⑧It is loved by...课件28张PPT。Period Four Grammar：The Attributive Clause定语从句
Ⅰ.引导定语从句的关系词
1．引导定语从句的常用关系词的用法There are occasions when(＝on which) one has to yield.
任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where(＝in which)I was born.
北京是我出生的地方。2．定语从句中关系词的选用
方法一：用关系代词还是关系副词取决于从句中的谓语动
词。如果是及物动词，就要用关系代词；如果是不及物动
词，要用关系副词。
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
这是我去年待过的山村。
The letter that/which I received yesterday was from my father.
昨天我收到的那封信是我父亲寄来的。方法二：准确判断关系词在定语从句中所作的成分(主、
宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
关系词在从句中作主语、定语、宾语时，应用关系代词
(who，whom，that，which，whose)；关系词在从句中作状
语时，应用关系副词(where作地点状语，when作时间状语，
why作原因状语)。3．that和which引导的定语从句的区别
that和which都是关系代词，都可在从句中作主语或宾语，
但两者存在着不同：We should do everything that is useful to the people.
我们应该做一切有益于人民的事。
When we talk about Hangzhou, the first that comes into our
mind is the West Lake.我们谈论杭州时，首先想到的是西湖。
This is the smallest computer that can be found in the world
now.这是目前发现的世界上最小的计算机。【单项填空】
①The old town has narrow streets and small
houses________are built close to each other.
A．they B．where C．what D．that
解析 考查定语从句。句意：这个古老的小镇拥有建造得彼
此靠得很近的狭窄街道和小房子。先行词是narrow streets
and small houses，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that。
A和C不能引导定语从句；B是关系副词，不能作主语。 D②The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you
needed to make a living.
A．when B．that C．where D．which
解析 考查定语从句的用法。句意：体力是谋生的唯一所需
的时代一去不复返了。先行词为the days，将其代入定语从
句后为：On the days physical strength was all...由此可见先
行词在定语从句中作时问状语，故用when引导。本题先行
词与定语从句隔开，构成了“分割性定语从句”，增加了试
题难度。AⅡ.“介词＋关系代词”的用法
1．“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定方法。
(1)根据从句中的谓语动词或主要的形容词确定介词。
The witness to whom the policemen referred was killed last
night.
警察所提到的那个目击证人昨晚被杀了。(refer to提到)
(2)根据定语从句修饰的先行词确定介词。
I don’t know the reason for which he was late for school.
我不知道他为何上学迟到。
(3)根据句子所要表达的意思确定介词。
This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.
这就是那位救了我儿子的飞行员。2．“介词＋关系代词”结构中的关系代词通常用which或
whom，不用that。
I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the army.
我永远也忘不了我参军的那一天。
This is the pencil with which I draw pictures.
这是我画画用的那支铅笔。
3．关系副词where，when，why可替换成“介词＋
which”，介词取决于先行词及介词＋which在从句中的作
用。why可替换为for which。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago. ＝This is the
house where I lived two years ago.
这就是两年前我居住的那个房子。4．“不定代词或数词十介词＋ which/whom”引导的定语从
句说明整体中的部分。
Last week, only two people came to look at the house, neither
of whom wanted to buy it.
上周只有两个人来看房子，他们两个人都不想买。
5．“the＋名词＋of which”可替换“whose＋名词”，引导定语从句。
The house，the windows of which were damaged，has now been repaired.窗子遭破坏的那所房子现在已经修好了。【单项填空】
③She showed the visitors around the museum, the
construction________had taken more than three years.
A．for which B．with which
C．of which D．to which
解析 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她带领游客参观了这
个博物馆，建设这个博物馆花了三年多的时间。由于本题中
两个分句之问既没有从属连词，又没有并列连词，所以此处
应该是一个限制性定语从句，其中先行词是the museum，
construction和museum之间具有所属关系，所以应该用介词
of，故答案为C项。CⅢ.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别如下：【单项填空】
④I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends，
________ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.
A．which B．where
C．who D．that
解析 考查定语从句。句意：我和朋友们一起登上山顶，从
山顶上我们欣赏了湖光美景。本句中没有并列连词也没有从
属连词，故判断逗号后为非限制性定语从句。先行词为the
top of the hill，还原到从句后为：on the top of the hill we
enjoyed a splendid view of the lake，由此可见先行词在从句
中作地点状语，故选B项。 BⅣ.as/which引导的非限制性定语从句As we all know，smoking is harmful to health.
我们都知道，吸烟有害健康。
He finished the task ahead of time，which is very important
to us.他提前完成了任务，这对我们很重要。【单项填空】
⑤Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the
others，________，of course, made all the others upset.
A．who B．which C．what D．that
解析 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：玛丽对杰克要比对其
他人友好得多，当然，这使得其他人都不太高兴。分析句子
结构和句意可知空格处应该引导一个非限制性的定语从句，
故排除C、D两项；空格处的关系词用来指代前面整个句子
内容，作made的主语，所以排除A项，选B项。 B英语中的对称结构
先看下面利用对称结构分析法巧解对称结构题。
1．—English has a large vocabulary, hasn’t it?
—Yes.________more words and expressions and you will find
it easier to read and communicate.
A．Know B．Knowing
C．To know D．Known
解析 因为第二个and后面是一个句子，所以前面也必定是
一个句子，但前面这个句子没有主语，只能选用动词原形，
构成一个祈使句，因此，正确答案是A。 A2．On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the
market，________some bananas and visited her cousin.
A．bought B．buying
C．to buy D．buy
解析 因为and后面是过去式visited，前面也必定是动词的
过去式，所以正确答案是A。 A英语中对称结构做题出错的情况有以下几种：
一、关联词前后的不对称
并列连词(and，but，as well as，or)及复合并列连词( not
only...but also，neither...nor...，either...or...，both...and...)连
接的应是两个结构相等的成分——两个对等的名词、谓语形式
或非谓语形式。
1．误：I like her not because she is beautiful but that she is kind.
正：I like her not because she is beautiful but because she is kind.
2．误：One of the articles is interesting, informative and it is
easy to read.
正：One of the articles is interesting, informative and easy to read.3．误：Bob has sat at the table for a couple of hours and
drank considerably more wine than is good for his health.
正：Bob has sat at the table for a couple of hours and drunk
considerably more wine than is good for his health.
4．误：The high school graduate, if he is eighteen or nineteen,
has these alternatives: attending college, finding a job, or the
army.
正：The high school graduate, if he is eighteen or nineteen,
has these alternatives: attending college, finding a job, or
joining/entering the army.5．误：Sitting up late last night, Tom not only read the
assignment but also many poems by one of his favorite poets.
正：Sitting up late last night, Tom read not only the
assignment but also many poems by one of his favorite poets.
6．误：Water both flows over and through porous soil.
正：Water flows both over and through porous soil.7．误：I was advised to either telephone or to write to the
hotel.
正：I was advised either to telephone or to write to the hotel.
8．误：We wondered whether to believe him or should we
try to verify his story.
正：We wondered whether to believe him or to try to verify
his story.二、语法结构的不对称
有些句子带有一系列修饰性的词或短语，如果这些词或短语
在句子中起相同的语法作用，那么他们就应该属于相同的词
性，如形容词、动词或副词，或属于相同的语法结构。而有
些句子中相应的语法结构不对称，主要是混用了不定式(to
do)与动名词( doing)。
1．误：He was young, strong, and feeling happy.(表语结构
不对称)
正：He was young, strong and happy.
2．误：He sings, dances, and playing the guitar.(谓语结构不
对称)
正：He sings, dances and plays the guitar.3．误：You can go to Beijing by land, taking a plane or a
ship.(状语结构不对称)
正：You can go to Beijing by land, by air or by sea.
4．误：He likes to swim, to jog, and playing tennis.(宾语结构
不对称)
正：He likes to swim, to jog, and to play tennis. /He likes
swimming, jogging, and playing tennis.
5．误：To speak to a friend is easier than speaking to a
stranger.(主语结构不对称)
正：To speak to a friend is easier than to speak to a
stranger./Speaking to a friend is easier than speaking to a
stranger.三、与“比较”相关的不对称
有些句子中的对称结构错误是由于比较句型不完整，或比较
的事物不一致，或由于未能正确使用双重比较而引起的。
1．误：The living standard in Hong Kong is higher than
Chinese mainland.
正：The living standard in Hong Kong is higher than that in
Chinese mainland.
2．误：The paintings of Van Gogh are perhaps better known
than Cezanne.
正：The paintings of Van Gogh are perhaps better known
than those of Cezanne.3．误：The Yangtze is longer than any river in China.
正：The Yangtze is longer than any other river in China./The
Yangtze is longer than any of the other rivers in China.
4．误：My handwriting is much better than anyone else in
our class.
正：My handwriting is much better than anyone else’s in
our class.
5．误：He runs as fast but not faster than his brother.
正：He runs as fast as but not faster than his brother.四、介词的漏用
误：The emperor cared more for new clothes than anything else.
正：The emperor cared more for new clothes than for
anything else.
析：本句所比较的部分是短词动词，than之后应重复和动词
搭配的介词。
