八年级现在完成时经典讲解与练习

课件25张PPT。一． 基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词(done)
二．句型：
否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.
一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.
简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定)　　　　　No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定)三．用法
（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果
I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)
My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿) （2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.
　　①for+时段
　　②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）
　　③since+时段+ago
　　④since+从句（过去时）
　　⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）Mary has been ill for three days.
I have lived here since 1998.
We have been friends since two years ago.
My grandpa has been dead since I was very young.
It’s five years since I lived here.(3) has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别
Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)
Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方）
Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）
Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai.
My father has been to Shanghai.
My father has been in Shanghai for two months. 四、现在完成时的标志
* 以already, just和yet为标志 He has already got her help.　他已得到她的帮助。He has just seen the film.　他刚刚看过这场电影。He hasn't come back yet.　他还没有回来。* 以ever和never为标志　This is the best film I have ever seen.　这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。He has never been to Beijing.　他从没有到过北京。
* 以动作发生的次数为标志He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。
* 以so far（到目前为止）为标志、以before 为标志He has got to Beijing so far.　到目前为止他已到了北京。
I have never been here before.(之前我从没有来过这)五． 瞬间动词（buy, die, join, come，go ,leave ……）不能直接与for和 since 连用。要将瞬间动词变为延续性动词。
★1.have代替buy
My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.
★2、用keep或have代替borrow
I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a
few days. ★3、用be替代become
How long has your sister been a teacher?
★4、用have a cold代替catch a cold
Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.
★5、用wear代替put on
He has worn this clothes for two years. 六、用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词
1、be＋married代marry
2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill
3、be＋dead代die
4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep
5、be＋awake代wake/wake up
6、be＋away代leave
7、be＋open代open
8、be closed代close/shut
9、be＋missing(lost)代lose 用“be＋副词”代终止性动词
1“be＋on”代start, begin
2“be＋up”代get up
3“be＋back (to)”代return to, come back to, go back to
4“be here (there)”代come (arrive, reach, get) here或go (arrive, reach, get) there等等 用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词
1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to
2.用be in the army 代替join the army
3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to Excercise1. A. 用 already或 yet1) Have they taken down the old pictures ___?
No, they haven’t____.2) Most of us have finished our compositions___.3) He said he hadn’t visited the exhibition _____.B.用 since或 for1) We have learned five lessons ___the beginning of this term.2) Mrs Liao has been in hospital __last week.3) I have stayed at my aunt’s___two weeks. C. 用have gone或 have been1) Where are the boy students? They _____ to the school factory.2) Is your father in?
No, he ___to Shenzhen.
_______he ever ______ there before ?
Yes, he ___ there several times3) He asked me if I___to Hangzhou before.I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I ____never _____to that city before. 选择填空 1.Mother __me a new coat yesterday. I ____ it on. It fits me well.A. had made…have tried 　B. made…have triedC. has made…tried　　　　D. made…tried2 “He ____to draw horses already”. “When ______ he ?” “ Last year “ A. learned…has 　 B. learned…did 　
C. has learned…has　 D. has learned…did 3.Tom _____up into the tree. Look, he ____ high up there !A. has got…is 　 B. has climbed…was　
C. got …was　　 D. climbed…is4.____ you _____ the text yet ? Yes, we ____ it two hours ago.A. Did…copy…did　 B. Have…copied…have
C. Have…copied…did D. Did …copy…had 5. “Why ______ she _______ angry ?” “Because he _____ at her just now .”A. did…get…shouted 　　　B. has…got…shouted C. did…get…has shouted 　D. has…got…has shouted6. ______you __________ the film before ? Where _____ you ____ it ?A. Have …seen…did…see　　
B.Did …see…did…watchC. Have…seen…have…seen　D.Did …see…have…seen7.You ____ me waiting for two hours. I ____ for you since five.A. kept…waited　　　　　 B. have kept…waitedC. kept…have waited　　　 D. have kept…have waited 8.Where ______ John _______ ? To the library. He _________ there for an hour.A.has…been…has gone　 B. has…gone…has been 　
C. did…go…went　 D. did…be…went9.______ the baby still _____ ? No, it _______ crying.A. Has…cried…has stopped　　
B. Is…crying…stopped C. Did …cry…stopped 　　
D. Is…crying…has stopped10. I _______ the way. I ________ here for quite many years.A. knew…have lived 　B. knew…live　
C. know…have lived 　D. know…live 11. _____ you ever _____ America ? Yes, I have.A. Have…gone to 　B. Have…gone in 　
C. Have…been to 　D. Have …been in12. My brother ____college for over three years.A. has gone to　 B. has been to　
C. has been in　 D. has been at13.He ________ the Army by the end of 1989. He ______ in the army since then.A. joined…is　　 B. has joined…has been 　　
C. had joined…is　　D. had joined …has been 14. By the time I _____ back they ____ up ten satellites. A. came…have sent　 B. came…had sent　
C. come…have sent　 D. had come…sent15. Jack ____ over five lessons by seven o’clock. Then he ____ a rest.A. went…took　 B. went…had taken 　
C. had gone…took 　D. had gone…had taken16. We ____ out by that time that he ____ a spy for a long time.A. had found…had been 　B. had found…was 　
C. found…had been 　 D. found…was 17. Before the news ____ him, he ____ to know about it.A. reaches…has got　 B. reached…had got　
C. reached…got D. had reached…got18. I _____ him a second letter before I ____ from him.A. wrote…heard B. wrote…had heard
C. had written…heard D. have written…hear19. People ____ that the soldiers _____ fighting.A. say…had stopped 　 B. said…has stopped
C. say…stopped 　 D. said…had stopped 20. We ____ in a good harvest because we ____ enough rain.A. didn’t get…had had　　 B. got…had had　　
C. had got…had had D. got…hadn’t had21. They _______ for five hours when they ______ in New York.A. flew…arrived 　　B. had flown…had arrived C. flew…had arrived 　　 D. had flown…arrived22. She ____ that it _____ for two days by that day.A. says…has rained 　　B. says…had rained 　
C. said…had rained 　　D. said…rained 23. John _____ there since the year before, so he _____ them.A. had worked…knew 　　B. had worked…had known C. worked…knew 　　　　D. worked…had known24. He _____ angry because he ____ for a long time.A. had got…had waited 　 B. got…waited
C. had got…waited 　 D. got…had waited25. -I have seen the film “Titanic” already. 　-When __________ you __________ it？ 　-The day before yesterday. A. have； seen　　 B. will； see　　
C. did； see　　 D. did； seen 26. Mr Black __________ in China since five years ago. A. lived　 B. has lived　　
C. lives　　 D. is going to live 27. We ____________ trees last Sunday. So far we __________ over 3，000 trees there. A. planted； planted　　　　
B. planted； have planted C. have planted； planted　　
D. have planted； have planted Thank you！