选择性必修第四册Unit 11 Conflict And Compromise Lesson 1 Living In a Community教学课件(共71张PPT）

(共71张PPT)
UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE
LESSON 1 LIVING IN A COMMUNITY
北师大版高中英语选择性必修第四册
LIVING IN A COMMUNITY
Have you ever experienced a neighbourhood conflict What do you think might cause conflicts between neighbours
Activity 1
loud noise made by neighbours
bad smells from neighbour’s fish tank
can’t read without plugging your ears
can rarely get a full night’s sleep
to be driven mad by neighbours
Here are two newspaper reports on neighbourhood conflicts. Read the two reports and find out what caused each conflict.
Activity 2
Drummer Hits the Road
Ma Ming，drummer for the rock band “Storm”，had to pack his bags. He moved out of his rented flat after complaints from his neighbours about disturbing the peace.
Being single，Ma Ming often held parties at night，but the biggest problem was his tendency to drum late at night. Ma Ming’s neighbours said they were being driven mad being exposed to such noise. The flat-owner said if he had known that Ma Ming was a drummer，he wouldn’t have rented the flat to him. The neighbours quickly realised they were in trouble when he moved in. And from then on，they rarely got a full night’s sleep. They couldn’t relax or read a book without plugging their ears. One neighbour also claimed that Ma Ming had a bad influence on his teenage son.
In the end，the community council took action. “We took a vote，and came to a resolution. We gave Ma Ming a warning. We told him that he ought to cease drumming or leave the property，”a council member said. “Getting enough sleep is important for people’s health and，after such a chorus of complaints，we had to take action.”
Ma Ming’s departure has pleased his neighbours. “Life will go back to normal now，”they said.
For Ma Ming’s version of the story，we found him in a hotel in Shanghai. Ma Ming felt that they were prejudiced against him. He’s bitter over the fact that people thought of his music as “noise”. Otherwise he didn’t really mind having to leave the flat. “Living in a hotel means the hotel staff makes the bed every day and I don’t have to do my own washing! Anyhow，I’m now looking for a remote house on the edge of the city.”
Read “Drummer Hits the Road”. Answer the questions.
Activity 3
1　Why did the neighbours complain about Ma Ming
2　What did the community council do Why did they take action
Because he often held parties at night and drummed late at night.
They took a vote，gave Ma Ming a warning and told him that he ought to cease drumming or leave the property. Because after such a chorus of complaints，they had to take action.
3　Where is Ma Ming now What is his attitude towards the conflict
4　What do you understand by the title “Drummer Hits the Road”
Now he is in a hotel in Shanghai. Ma Ming felt that they were prejudiced
against him. He’s bitter over the fact that people thought of his music as “noise”. Otherwise he didn’t really mind having to leave the flat.
The drummer starts a journey to look for a proper house to stay.
Grandpa Arrested After One Shower Too Many
Eighty-year-old retired tailor，James McKay，spent Saturday night in a cell after hitting 30-year-old Keith Smith over the head with his walking stick. McKay’s wife，Laurene said that，while McKay is usually a peaceful and pleasant person，he had been driven to this act of
violence by literally getting wet just once too often. He could no longer tolerate it.
Smith lives above the McKays. He is a keen gardener，and also a fish collector. Unfortunately，the water he sent over his balcony every day ended up on the McKays’ floor，or too often，on the unsuspecting McKays themselves.
“For the last two weeks，since Smith moved into the flat above us，we dared not go
onto our balcony，”said Laurene. She added that it wasn’t only the water falling
onto their balcony from Smith watering his plants that bothered them，but also the way he cleaned his fish tanks. “We’d be sitting there happily reading our newspapers，when suddenly so much water would come from above that we’d be as wet as if we had showered with our clothes on! We could hardly get rid of the smell of fish!”
And on Saturday evening it was just too much. “It was James’ birthday，”Laurene recalled ，“and it was such a beautiful night to enjoy the starry night outside. I made him a birthday cake. The candles were a great sight as you can imagine，but James didn’t get to blow them out.” Instead，Smith emptied one of his larger tanks over his balcony and both the McKays and the cake were wet through. “I have never seen him move so fast and I couldn’t stop him. He was up there in a flash.”
Smith is not going to take things further with the police. He has also promised to change his ways from now on. And what of James McKay As he left the police station，
a large crowd of supporters sang him “Happy Birthday”. “Definitely the
most exciting birthday ever!” said the cheerful old man. “The best since
my youth，I’d say!”
Read “Grandpa Arrested After One Shower Too plete the table. Then present a self-talk on what happened based on your notes.
Activity 4
People
involved
Time
The
event Background
Conflict
Result
James McKay，80-year-old retired tailor，a peaceful and pleasant person；Laurene，McKay’s wife；Keith Smith，30 years old，a keen gardener and a fish collector
On Saturday evening
1 Smith moved into the flat.
2 Water fell onto the McKays’ balcony from Smith watering his plants and
cleaning his fish tanks.
3 The McKays couldn’t get rid of the smell of the fish.
1 Keith Smith emptied one of his larger tanks over his balcony and both the
McKays and the cake got all wet through on James McKay’s birthday.
2 James McKay hit Smith’s head with his walking stick and was put into jail.
1 Smith is not going to take things further with the police.
2 Smith also promised to change his ways from now on.
3 A large crowd of supporters sang “Happy Birthday” to James McKay as he
left the police station. He was happy.
Choose a role from either report，e.g. Ma Ming，one of Ma Ming’s neighbours，James，Laurene or Smith. Tell the story from that person’s perspective.
Activity 5
Find the people who did the following. Write sentences accordingly.
Activity 6
Causes & Conflicts
to hold parties at night
to hit someone over the head
to drum late at
to throw water over the balcony
to be wet through
Results
to spend Saturday night in a cell
to be driven mad
to be in trouble
to take action
to give a warning
to be driven to an act of violence
Example 　 Ma Ming often held parties at night and his neighbours were being driven mad being exposed to such noise.
Do you think the conflicts were well-resolved in the two reports What other ways can you think of to deal with the conflicts
Activity 7
I think there had been other opportunities of resolving the conflicts in a more peaceful manner.
Another way to deal with Ma Ming’s conflict：he negotiates an agreement with the community council on a couple of hours he could drum during the day.
Smith and McKay’s conflict could be dealt with differently if the McKays had made their complaints to Smith earlier and Smith had changed his ways of doing things.
How serious were the two conflicts Find and underline the expressions
that describe the intensity of the conflicts in the two reports.
Example 　...they were being driven mad being exposed to such noise.
...we’d be as wet as if we had showered with our clothes on!
Activity 8
Drummer Hits the Road：
They couldn’t relax or read a book without plugging their ears.
One neighbour also claimed that Ma Ming had a bad influence on his teenage son.
...after such a chorus of complaints...
Grandpa Arrested After One Shower Too Many：
...hitting 30-year-old Keith Smith over the head with his walking stick...
...he had been driven to this act of violence...
He could no longer tolerate it.
...we dared not go onto our balcony...
I have never seen him move so fast and I couldn’t stop him. He was up there in a flash.
Pair Work Find the noun form of the words below from the reports. Write them down below each word. Then complete the questions with the nouns.
Activity 9
complain 　　depart 　　　warn 　　　act 　　　violent
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______
1　What 　　 　　 did the community council take to solve the problem between the neighbours
and Ma Ming
2　What did Ma Ming do after his neighbours made 　　　 　 about his late night drumming
3 How did the neighbours feel after Ma Ming’s 　　 　　
4　What was Laurene’s explanation for McKay’s act of 　　　　 against Keith Smith
5　Did McKay give Smith a 　　　　 before he hit him over the head
action
Ask and answer the questions in pairs.
complaints
complaint　 departure　 warning action　 violence
departure
violence
warning
Language points
核心词汇
教材原句p.30 Ma Ming，drummer for the rock band “Storm”，had to pack his bags. 摇滚乐队“暴风雨”的鼓手马明不得不收拾行李。
题组练·领悟方法
1 pack vi. & vt.打包；收拾（行李）；装（箱）n. 包，包裹
I haven’t packed my suitcase yet. 我的行李箱还没收拾好呢。
He packed a bag with a few things and was off.他装了几件衣物就走了。
【归纳拓展】
pack up 将（东西）装箱打包；收拾行李
pack sth away（用后）收拾好某物
a pack of 一包；一帮；一群
完成句子
（1） It’s time that you 　　　　　　　　 　 　（装箱打包）. If you don’t hurry up，you will miss the plane.
（2） He used to smoke 　　　　　　　　 　　（一盒）cigarettes a day.
（3）［词汇复现］In the canteen，students 　　　　 　　　　（收拾好）their knives and forks after dinner.
（4）［词汇复现］The parcel 　 　　　　　　　 　（包起来）was examined carefully.
packed up/should pack up
a pack of
pack away
packed up
教材原句p.30 He moved out of his rented at after complaints from his neighbours about disturbing the peace.他搬出租用的公寓，因为邻居们投诉他扰乱（社区的）宁静。
2 complaint n.抱怨；埋怨；投诉；控告
formal complaint 正式控告
【词语积累】
complain v. 投诉；发牢骚；诉说；抱怨
complain to sb 向某人投诉
She never complains，but she’s obviously exhausted. 她虽然从不抱怨，但显然已疲惫不堪。
He complained bitterly that he had been unfairly treated. 他愤懑地诉说他受到了不公平对待。
单句语法填空
（1） I believe you have a complaint 　　　　 　 one of our nurses.
（2）We received a number of 　　　　 　 （com-plain）from customers about the lack of parking facilities.
（3） I’d like to make a complaint 　　　 　 　 the noise.
（4） I’m going to complain 　　　　 　 the manager about this.
about/against
complaints
about/against
to
教材原句p.30 We took a vote，and came to a resolution.我们投票表决，达成了一项决议。
3 vote n. 投票（指行为）；票数 v. 投票；表决
How did you vote at the last election 在上次选举中你是怎么投的票？
单句语法填空
（1） Did you vote for or 　　　　 　 her
（2） We’ll listen to the argument on both sides and then vote 　　　　 　 it.
against
to
教材原句p.30 ...he ought to cease drumming or leave the property...
……他应该停止打鼓，否则就离开房子……
4 cease vt. & vi.停止，终止，结束
Welfare payments cease as soon as an individual starts a job. 一旦就业，即停发福利救济。
They voted to cease strike action immediately. 他们投票决定立即停止罢工。
单句语法填空
The company ceased 　　　　 　（trade）in June.
trading
5 property n. 房产；所有物；财产；房地产；性质
property prices 房地产价格
a plant with medicinal properties药用植物
Cecil inherited a family property near Stanford. 塞西尔继承了斯坦福附近的一处家族房产。
This building is government property. 这座大楼是政府的财产。
单句语法填空
（1） Recently the price of property 　　　　 　（rise）enormously.
（2） There are a lot of empty 　　　　 　（property）in the area.
has risen
properties
教材原句p.30 Ma Ming’s departure has pleased his neighbours.马明离开了，邻居们都很高兴。
6 departure n.离开，起程；（在特定时间）离开的飞机（或火车等）
the departure time/gate 离站时间/ 登机（或上车）口
His sudden departure threw the office into chaos.
他的突然离开使整个办公室陷入一片混乱。
Flights should be confirmed 48 hours before departure.航班应在起飞前48 小时予以确认。
【词语积累】
depart v. 离开；出发，起程
She waited until the last of the guests had departed.她一直等到最后一个客人离开。
单句语法填空
（1） They have received no news of him since his 　　　　 　（depart）from the island.
（2） The train is departing 　　　　 　 the railway station at 6 o’clock.
（3） ［词汇复现］As a consequence of their 　　　　 　 （depart），they lost touch with each other.
完成句子
（4） Flights for Rome 　　　　　　　　 　　（自……起程）Terminal 3.
departure
from
departure
depart from
教材原句p.30 Ma Ming felt that they were prejudiced against him.
马明觉得他们（邻居们）对自己有偏见。
7 prejudiced adj. 有偏见的，有成见的，歧视的
Few people will admit to being racially prejudiced. 很少有人会承认自己有种族偏见。
【词语积累】
prejudice n. 偏见vt. 使怀有（或形成）偏见；损害
prejudice against sb/sth 对某人/ 某物的偏见
prejudice sb（against sb/sth） 使某人（对某人/ 某物）有偏见
a victim of racial prejudice 种族偏见的受害者
Any delay will prejudice the child’s welfare. 任何延误都会损及这个孩子的身心健康。
单句语法填空
（1） They are prejudiced 　　　　 　 older applicants.
（2） The lawyers have been trying to prejudice the jury 　　　　 　 her.
完成句子
（3） There is widespread 　　　　　　　　 　　（对……的偏见）workers over 45.
against
prejudice against
against
教材原句p.30 He’s bitter over the fact that people thought of his music as “noise”. 人们认为他的音乐是“噪声”，这是他的伤心之处。
8 bitter adj. 愤愤不平的；带来痛苦的，令人难过的；严寒的；苦的
A bitter wind was blowing into the old canteen. 一股刺骨寒风吹进了旧食堂。［词汇复现］
【词语积累】
bitterly adv. 伤心地；愤怒地；极其，非常
bitterness n. 苦味；痛苦；悲痛
bittersweet adj. 又苦又甜的，苦乐参半的
The bitterness from working in that small grocery was unforgettable for her.
她难以忘却在那家小杂货店工作的辛酸。［词汇复现］
完成句子
（1） I’ve learnt from 　　　　　　　　（痛苦的经验）.
（2）［词汇复现］For some people，forgiveness is just like a cup of 　　　　　　　　（又苦又甜的咖啡）.
（3）［词汇复现］She remained 　 　　　 　　　（强烈反对）the idea of investigating that scientist.
（4）［词汇复现］I couldn’t have got through that 　　　　　　　　（痛苦的时期）without your legal aid.
bitter experience
bitterly opposed to
bittersweet coffee
bitter period
教材原句p.30 Anyhow, I’m now looking for a remote house on the edge of the city. 不过，我现在正在找位于城郊的偏僻一点的房子。
9 anyhow adv. （非正式）尽管如此；至少；无论如何；不管怎样（=anyway）
He told me not to make such a fortune，but I did anyhow. 他告诉我不要发这笔财，但不管怎样，我还是做了。
Anyhow，the only thing I ever got from him was a birthday card when I was ten.
不管怎样，我从他那里得到的唯一一样东西是我十岁时的一张生日贺卡。
【归纳拓展】
somehow adv. 以某种方式；用某种方法；不知怎么地
Somehow or other I must get a new job. 我必须想方设法找份新工作。
Everything is out of order，somehow. 不知怎么地，一切都乱了套。
完成句子
（1） 　　　　　　　　　　　　（不知何故信号消失了）and the ship was lost in the sea.
（2） I think her ideas are right， 　　　　　　 　 　　　　　（但不知怎么地，我不完全确定）.
（3） This idea probably won’t work，but 　　　 　　　　　　　　　 　（咱们至少还是试 试吧）.
（4） 　　　　　　　　 　　（不管怎样），you know how Lige cared about his supper.
Somehow the signal faded
let’s try it anyway/anyhow
but somehow I’m not completely sure
Anyhow/Anyway
教材原句p.31 Grandpa Arrested After One Shower Too Many 洗了“大澡”而被捕的爷爷
10 arrest vt. 逮捕，拘捕；吸引；抑制；阻止 n. 逮捕；拘留
The police really arrested a thief last night. 昨天晚上警方确实逮捕了一个小偷。
【归纳拓展】
arrest one’s attention 吸引某人的注意力
arrest sb for sth 因某事逮捕某人
be arrested in connection with the attack 因与袭击案有关被捕
place/put sb under arrest 逮捕某人
make several arrests 逮捕几个人
the power of arrest 逮捕权
单句语法填空
（1） Her friend I referred to just now 　　　　 　（arrest）for robbing a bank.
完成句子
（2） The picture on the wall 　　　　　　　　 　　　　 　　　（吸引了我的注意力）.
（3） Yesterday afternoon the police 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　 　　（把那个小偷逮捕了）.
was arrested
put/placed the thief under arrest 或arrested the thief
arrested my attention
教材原句p.31 ...while McKay is usually a peaceful and pleasant person...
虽然迈奇平时是个平和的、礼貌而友善的人……
11 pleasant adj.令人愉快的，宜人的；礼貌而友善的，和蔼可亲的
I’ve got a pleasant little apartment. 我有一套舒适的小公寓。
The woman has a pleasant face. 那个女人长着一张和善的脸。
【词语积累】
pleasantly adv. 愉快地 pleasing adj. 令人高兴的；令人满意的
pleased adj. 高兴的，愉快的；满意的 be pleased with 对……感到满意
be pleased that... 对……感到高兴 be pleased to do sth 高兴/ 乐于做某事
Mother was very pleased with her son’s slight progress. 妈妈对儿子些许的进步感到很满意。
I am pleased to be invited to give a report on astronomy. 我很高兴应邀去作有关天文学的报告。
If there’s anything we can do，we’d be very pleased to help. 如果我们可以做点儿什么，我们会非常乐意帮忙。
单句语法填空
（1） It took a long time to complete the work，but I’m very pleased 　　　　 　 the results.
（2） I am pleased 　　　　 　（tell）you that you have been confirmed as the club’s new coach.
（3） We’re so 　　　　 　（please）that you’re able to come to the wedding.
（4） Amy’s progress this year has been very 　　　　 　（please）.
（5）We talked 　　　　 　（pleasant）of old times.
完成句子
（6） I began to feel unmistakably out of place in that 　　　　　　　　　（愉快的家庭圈子）.
with
pleased
to tell
pleasing
pleasantly
pleasant family circle
教材原句p.31 ...he had been driven to this act of violence by literally getting wet just once too often. ……他还是因为实在是再三被淋湿，做出了这种暴力行为。
12 violence n.暴力行为，暴力；猛烈；激烈
The consequence of watching violence on TV is serious.
在电视上看暴力内容的后果是严重的。［词汇复现］
【词语积累】
violent adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；暴力的 violently adv. 猛烈地
The violent conflict resulted in a war at last. 暴力冲突最终导致了一场战争。［词汇复现］
Some people crowded into the gallery violently，damaging some paintings. 一些人暴力地挤进画廊，结果损坏了一些画。［词汇复现］
【归纳拓展】violent crime 暴力犯罪 violent storms 暴风骤雨 take...by violence 强夺……
do violence to... 对……行凶；暴力对待……
Additionally，violent crime should also be paid more attention to.
此外，暴力犯罪也应受到更多关注。［词汇复现］
The robber frequently took the passengers’ belongings by violence.
劫匪经常用暴力夺取乘客的财物。［词汇复现］
单句语法填空
（1）［词汇复现］A chain of 　　　　 　（violence） eruption of the volcano shocked the local people.
（2）［词汇复现］Just now，two cars hit each other 　　　　 　（violence），and the conse-quence is so serious.
（3）［词汇复现］It would do violence 　　　　 　 his principles to disturb others.
（4）［词汇复现］Additionally，some valuable books were also taken away ___________ violence.
完成句子
（5）［词汇复现］ 　　　　　　　　（暴力犯罪） is not limited to outskirts.
（6）［词汇复现］Those sociologists were caught in a 　　　　　　　　（暴风骤雨）on the way to that village.
violent
to
violently
by
Violent crime　
violent storm
教材原句p.31 He could no longer tolerate it.他忍无可忍了。
13 tolerate vt.忍受；忍耐；容忍，容许；宽容；能经受
There is a limit to what one person can tolerate. 一个人的忍耐是有限度的。
This sort of behaviour will not be tolerated. 这种行为是不能容许的。
Few plants will tolerate sudden changes in temperature.
很少有植物会经受得住气温的突然变化。
单句语法填空
（1） Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase，she gave him a _________（tolerate） smile and let him go.
（2） Our school won’t tolerate 　　　　 　（cheat） in exams. If caught，you will get severely punished.
tolerant
cheating
教材原句p.31 Unfortunately，the water he sent over his balcony every day ended up on the McKays’ floor，or too often，on the unsuspecting McKays themselves. 但不幸的是，他每天在阳台上浇的水最后都落到迈奇家的地板上，也经常洒在毫无防备的迈奇夫妇身上。
14 unsuspecting adj. 无提防之心的，无疑心的；未料到的，未猜想到的
【词语积累】unsuspectingly adv. 信任地 suspect v. 猜想，觉得；怀疑 n. 嫌疑犯；可疑分子
suspected adj. 被怀疑的；不可信的；被怀疑有……罪的
I suspected that the gas was released from that pipe.
我怀疑煤气是从那根管子里放出的。［词汇复现］
【归纳拓展】
suspect sb of sth/doing sth 怀疑某人（做了）某事 suspect sb to be 怀疑某人是……
suspect sb to have sth 怀疑某人有某物
The emperor suspected him of having stolen the jewel. 皇帝怀疑他偷了珠宝。［词汇复现］
The old man frowned and suspected him to be a liar.老人皱了皱眉，怀疑他是个骗子。词汇复现］
Many of them suspected him to have that house illegally.
他们中许多人怀疑他非法拥有那所房子。［词汇复现］
单句语法填空
（1）［词汇复现］The man 　　　　 　（suspect） of murder sat in the chair shivering.
（2）［词汇复现］ 　　　　 　（suspect）the truth of the document，she refused to sign it.
（3）［词汇复现］If you suspect someone 　　　　 　doing an action of this kind，you can report to the owner of the grocery.
（4）［词汇复现］To our amazement，she should suspect him 　　　　 　（be）a dishonest person.
（5）［词汇复现］She threw a surprise party for the 　　　　 　（suspect） orphan.
（6）［词汇复现］He was s i t t i n g 　　　　 　 （unsuspecting）near the woman who was sobbing.
suspected
Suspecting
of
to be
unsuspecting
unsuspectingly
教材原句p.31 She added that it wasn’t only the water falling onto their balcony from Smith watering his plants that bothered them，but also the way he cleaned his fish tanks. 她还说，困扰他们的不仅是史密斯给植物浇水时洒到阳台上的水，还有他清理鱼缸的方式。
15 bother vt. & vi. （使）担心，（使）生气，（使）苦恼；打扰；费心， 操心；花费时间精力（做某事） n. 令人烦扰的人或事；烦扰
I don’t want to bother you with my hardship. 我不想让你因为我的苦难而担心。
It’s not worth bothering with an umbrella—the minibus is just outside.
不必打伞——小型公共汽车就在外面。
Why bother to go to Italy and Denmark，when there are so many nice places here 这里有这么多好地方，为什么还要费劲去意大利和丹麦呢？
Does it bother you that she differs with you on that
在那一点上她与见不一致，你感到苦恼吗？
单句语法填空
（1） Around two o’clock every night，Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat
　　　　 　（bother）us.
（2） —You’re lucky that she’s so thoughtful and 　devoted to you.
— In fact，I don’t want to bother her 　　　　　 my problems all the time.
（3） What 　　　　 　 bother! We’ve missed the bus.
完成句子
（4） 他甚至都没通知我他要来。
He didn’t even 　　　　　　　　 　　 me know he was coming.
（5） 此刻我不想让她为我的孩子们操心。
I don’t want to 　　　　　　　　 　　 my children at the moment.
（6） 如今很多人费尽心思到国外去。
Lots of people 　　　　　　　　 　　 these days.
bothers
with
a
bother to let
bother her with
bother to go abroad
教材原句p.31 “It was James’ birthday，”Laurene recalled...
劳瑞恩回忆道：“那天是詹姆斯的生日……”
16 recall vi. & vt. 回想，回忆起；召回 n. 记忆力
Dick recalls having been in Paris to study music when he was a child.
迪克回忆起他小时候曾到巴黎学习音乐。
She could not recall his name. 她想不起他的名字。
【归纳拓展】
beyond recall 不可恢复；不能记起 recall from 从……处召回
完成句子
（1） 　　　　　　　　 　　（如果我没记错的话），he lives in Luton.
（2） Can you recall exactly 　　　　　　　　 　（发生了什么事）
（3） The auto-makers 　　　　　　　　 　　　 （召回很多车）that were unsafe from the market.
（4）［词汇复现］ Many government staffs have been 　　　　　　　　（从……处召回） that country because of the conflict between the two countries.
If I recall correctly
what happened
recalled a lot of cars
recalled from
教材原句p.52 ...but it’s normal to have high expectations when a lm of a favourite book is made.
……如果人们最喜欢的书籍被翻拍成电影，他们对电影的期待高，这很正常。
【句式分析】it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。
it is+ 形容词/ 名词+（for sb+）不定式短语
Before beginning a hunt，it is wise to ask someone what you are looking for.
在你开始搜寻东西之前，明智的做法是问清你应该找什么。
In terms of the best visiting time，it is appropriate for you to arrive in advance，to be more specific，about 10 minutes earlier.
就最佳访问时间而言，您最好提前到达，更具体地说，大约提前10 分钟到达。［词汇复现］
It is also a good opportunity for me to do some voluntary work.
这对我来说也是一个做志愿工作的好机会。
重点句式
单句语法填空
（1）［词汇复现］I do think it is important 　　 　　（enhance）the cooperation between the two companies.
完成句子
（2） And I don’t think it is difficult 　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　（对我来说和外国人交流）.
（3）［词汇复现］There is enough proof that 　 　　 　　　　　 　　　 　（很难掌握）a language in a short time.
to enhance
for me to communicate with foreigners
it is difficult to grasp
Grammar
FOCUS ON LANGUAGE：MODAL VERBS
Find out what the modal verb in each sentence means.
1 Ma Ming...had to pack his bags. （　　）
2 They couldn’t relax or read a book without plugging their ears. （　　）
3 We told him that he ought to cease drumming or leave the property... （　　）
4 ...and I don’t have to do my own washing! （　　）
5 ...we dared not go onto our balcony... （　　）
a It is necessary to do this（there is no choice）.
b It is not necessary to do this（there is some choice）
c It is impossible to do this.
d It is risky or dangerous to do this.
e It is sensible to do this.
Activity 10
a
c
e
b
d
Complete the text with the correct form of could，have to，ought to or dare not（to）.
My good friend，Kathy，is a hard-working person. She shared a flat with me ten months ago. At that time，she was preparing for an important exam. During the day，she 1　　　　 go to work. So she
2　　　　 only study in the evening. To help her get focused，I 3　　　　 turn on the TV loud as she always studied late. I think she 4 　　 have enough sleep. Now Kathy has passed the exam and moved out to live near her new company. Surprisingly，I sometimes feel afraid to be alone in the flat at night and 5　　　　 sleep without the light on now.
Activity 11
had to
could
dared not
ought to
dare not
EXPRESS YOURSELF
If you were one of the people in the reports，what would you do to avoid conflict Would you resolve it differently
Activity 12
单元语法
情态动词
　　情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，但本身词义不完全，不能单独作谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化（be able to，have to 除外）。每一个情态动词
都有自己的具体含义和特点。情态动词的否定式一般是在它们的后面加否定词 not 构成的。
一 情态动词的基本用法
1. can 和 could（could 是 can 的过去式，也可表示语气委婉）
（1）表示能力。
He can do the work by himself. 他能独自做这项工作。
Could the girl read before she went to school 这个女孩上学前会识字吗？
（2）表示推测（常用于否定句和疑问句）。
He can’t be over sixty. 他不可能超过 60 岁。
Can this story be true 这个故事会是真的吗？
（3）表示许可和请求（could 用来表示“请求”时，是委婉的说法，回答时只能用 can）。
You can use my dictionary now. 你现在可以用我的词典。
—Could I have a look at your new pen 我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗？
—Of course you can. 当然可以。
（4）表示某人 / 某物一时的特点，可译为“有可能，有时会”。
He can be very careless at times. 他有时会很粗心。
【易混辨析】
can 和 be able to
（1）can/could 表示能力，只用于现在时和过去时（could），而 be able to 有各种时态。
They will be able to tell you the news soon.
他们很快就能告诉你那个消息了。
（2）表示成功地做了某事，只能用 was/were able to，而不能用 could。
They were able to escape from the flood.
他们成功地从洪水中逃离。
2. may 和 might
（1）表示许可。在表示请求、允许时，might 比 may 语气更委婉一些，否定回答时要用 mustn’t，表示“不可以，禁止”。
—Might I use your pen 我能用你的钢笔吗？
—No，you mustn’t. 不，你不能用。
（2）用于祈使句表示祝愿。
May you succeed! 祝你成功！
【温馨提示】
may 或 might 可以表示可能性。用 might 则语气更加不肯定。
He may/might get there on time，but I’m not sure.
他有可能准时到达，但我不确定。
3. must
（1）表示义务等。意为“必须”，强调主观看法。
We must do everything step by step.
我们做一切事情都必须循序渐进。
—Must we hand in our exercise books now 我们现在必须要交练习本吗？
—No，you needn’t/don’t have to. 不，不必。
（2）表示推测。意为“肯定，一定”，只用于肯定句。
He must be ill. 他准是病了。
She’s wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money.
她戴着一条钻石项链，一定很有钱。
You must be hungry after the long walk.走了很远的路你一定饿了。
（3）mustn’t 表示禁止，意为“不得，不允许；一定不要”。
You mustn’t play with the knife，or you may hurt yourself.
你千万不要玩刀，否则会伤到自己的。
You mustn’t speak like that to your mother.不准你那样和你的母亲说话。
4. shall
（1）用于第一、三人称的疑问句表示征求意见或请求指示。
Shall I get you some tea 我给你点儿茶，好吗？
Shall the boy wait outside 让那男孩在外面等吗？
What shall we do this evening 我们今晚做什么？
（2）表示说话人的意图、意志、命令、允诺、警告或必然结果等。在法律、条约、协定等文件中，shall 表示义务、规定等。用于第二、三人称的陈述句。
You shall do as I say. 按我说的做。（命令）
You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答复。（允诺）
You shall be sorry for it one day. 有一天你会对此后悔的。（警告）
5. should
表示义务。意为“应该”。
You should be polite to your teachers.
你对你的老师应该有礼貌。
You shouldn’t waste time. 你不应该浪费时间。
The diet should be maintained unchanged for about a year.
这样的饮食应保持约一年不变。
Should our children be taught to swim at school
我们的孩子应该在学校学习游泳吗？
6. will 和 would
（1）表示请求。用于疑问句。would 表示委婉语气。
Will you close the window It’s a bit cold.
请你把窗户关上，好吗？有点儿冷。
Would you mind cleaning the window
你介意把窗户擦一下吗？
（2）表示某种倾向或习惯。
Fish will die out of water. 鱼离开水就会死掉。
The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at people going by.
那个男孩常常坐在那里好几个钟头，看着人们走过。
Every time she was in trouble， she would go to him for help.
每次遇到麻烦，她都会向他求助。
【易混辨析】
would 和 used to
（1）would 表示过去习惯性的动作，不涉及现在的情况。
He would climb the mountain when he was sad.
以前当他伤心时，他总是去爬那座山。
（2）used to 表示过去常常做某事，现在已经不做了，也可用于指过去某种状态。
He used to be late for school，but now he is used to getting up early.
他过去常常上学迟到，但现在他已习惯于早起。
7. need
（1）need 既可以作情态动词，也可以作实义动词。didn’t need to do 中的 need 是实义动词的用法，而 needn’t have done 中的 need 是情态动词的用法。作为实义动词，need后跟不定式或名 / 代词作宾语，有人称和数的变化，其变化与一般动词相同；作为情态动词，need 和动词原形构成复合谓语，通常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中，无人称和数的变化。
He needn’t do it. （情态动词）
He doesn’t need to do it. （实义动词）他没有必要做这件事。
My father needs three men to help him. （实义动词）我父亲需要三个人来帮助他。
（2）回答“Need I... ”时，肯定回答用“Yes，you must.”，否定回答用“No，you needn’t/don’t need to/don’t have to.”。
—Need I pay a certain amount of money to use your telephone 用一用你的电话，我需要付一定数量的钱吗？
— Yes，you must./No，you needn’t/don’t need to/don’t have to. 是的，你必须付。/ 不，你不必付。
（3）回答“Must I... ”时，肯定回答用“Yes，you must.”，否定回答用“No，you needn’t/don’t need to/don’t have to.”。
—Must I hand in my application today 今天我必须交上申请表吗？
— Yes，you must./No，you needn’t/don’t need to/don’t have to. 是的，你必须交。/ 不，你不必交。
（4）表示现在、过去或将来没有必要做某事，但不关心做还是没做，用 needn’t do sth. /don’t need to do sth. /don’t have to do sth. /didn’t need to do sth.。
You needn’t worry/don’t need to worry/don’t have to worry about situations like these if you have good social skills.
你如果具备了良好的社交技巧，就不必担心类似这些情况了。
I didn’t need to get up early this morning，because it was Sunday today.
今天早上我没有必要早起，因为今天是星期天。
8. dare
（1）dare 作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句，一般不用在肯定句中。
How dare you say I’m unfair! 你怎么敢说我不公平！
He daren’t speak English before such a crowd. 他在那么多人面前不敢说英语。
（2）dare 常用作实义动词，有时态、人称和数的变化，不同的是，作实义动词时，dare 后面可接带 to 或不带 to 的不定式。惯用短语 I dare say 意为“我想，大概”。
I dare say he is right. 我想他是对的。
I dare to swim across this river. 我敢游过这条河。
He does not dare （to） answer. 他不敢回答
9. ought to
ought to 没有词形变化，通用于所有人称，可以用于现在时、过去时和将来时。否定式为 ought not（oughtn’t）to；疑问句把 ought 放在主语前。
（1）表示理应做的事、应该做的事，意为“应该，应当”。
You ought to study hard. 你应该努力学习。（= It is your duty to study hard.）
You ought to read the book. 你应该读这本书。（= It will do you good to read the book.）
Such a sentence oughtn’t to be used here. 这样的句子不应在这里使用。（= It is not proper to use such a sentence here.）
（2）表示推测，可译为“应是，应该，会是”。
He is honest，so what he said ought to be true. 他很诚实，因此他的话应该是真实的。
It is already twelve o’clock. Lunch ought to be ready. 现在已经 12 点了，午饭应该好了。
（3）ought to have done 常表示一个与过去事实相反的情况，肯定式表示“本应该做某事而没有做”，否定式表示“本不应该做某事却做了”。
It is too late. You ought to have taken the chance then.
现在太晚了，你本该当时就抓住机会的。
He has suffered a lot these years. He ought to have followed my advice.
他这些年吃了许多苦，他本应听从我的劝告的。
（4）ought to have done 还表示过去更早的时间应该如何。
She came last Friday. But she ought to have come three days before.
她上周五来的，但她应该早三天来。
二 情态动词的特殊用法
（1）can 和 could 可表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度，主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。
How can you be so careless 你怎么这么粗心？
Can this be true 这是真的吗？
（2）must 表示“偏要”“硬要”，表示说话人对句子主语所发出的动作或行为是不希望的、不满的甚至是生气的。
— Can I smoke here 我可以在这里吸烟吗？
— No，it’s not allowed. If you must，please go to the smoking room.
不可以，这里不允许。如果你非要吸烟，请到吸烟室。
（3）should 表示可能性、推测或推论，有“可能；该”等意思；还可译为“竟然”，表示惊讶、不以为然等情绪。
—When can I get the photos 我何时来拿照片？
—The photo should be ready by 5 o’clock this afternoon. 照片今天下午五点应该会准备好的。
You can’t imagine that such a good student like him should fail in the exam.
你无法想象像他这样的好学生竟然考试不及格。
（4）will 可以用在 if 从句中表示各种“愿望”，包括“请求，意愿，同意，允许，能够，坚持，选择，计划”等。
If you will come into the hall，the meeting will begin soon. 请到大厅里来，会议马上开始了。（请求）
If you will make another try，I shall do everything possible to help you.
如果你愿意再试一次的话，我愿尽一切可能帮助你。（意愿）
三“情态动词 + have done”的意义和用法
1. 表示对过去情况的推测
肯定推测：
must have done 肯定做过某事
should have done（按道理或义务）应该做过某事
might have done 也许做过某事（可能性极小）
He must have stayed up last night. He seemed tired. 他昨晚肯定熬夜了，他看起来很疲倦。
It might have rained last night，for the ground is still damp.
昨晚可能下雨了，因为地面还是潮湿的。
否定推测：
can’t/couldn’t have done 不可能做过……
might not have done 也许没做过……
疑问推测：
Could sb. have done sth. 某人可能做过……吗？
Might sb. have done sth. 某人会不会做过……？
Could you have known about him three years ago，when he was still unknown
三年前他还不出名，你可能认识他吗？
2. 表示对过去事情的抱怨或后悔
should have done 本来应该做而没有做
could have done 本来能够做而没有做
need have done 本需要做但没有做
would like to have done 本想做但没有做
You should have cleaned the room. After all，you were on duty yesterday.
你本应该打扫房间，毕竟，昨天该你值日。
You should have been more careful just now. 你刚才应该更小心些。
I would like to have gone to the concert with you. A friend of mine called on me.
我本来想和你一起去听音乐会，但我的一个朋友来了。
Ⅰ . 单句语法填空
1. Jim says we 　　　　 stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy.
2. You could get into a situation where you 　　　　decide resolutely.
3. In theory，these machines 　　　 　 last for ten years or more.
4. All students without exception 　　　　 take the English examination according to the document.
5. Her parents paid many debts so that she 　　　　 go abroad to have a good education.
6. The negotiation 　　　　 be influenced by a multiplicity of different factors.
7. The research reveals that computer games 　　　　 cause aggression.
8. In today’s information age，the loss of data 　　　 cause piles of problems for a company.
can/may
have to
ought to/should
must
could
can
may
can
9. You 　　　　 be careful with the property. It costs!
10. I can’t find my purse. I might 　　　　（leave）it in the grocery yesterday，but I’m not sure.
11. Since nobody gave the general any help，he 　　　　have done the research on his own.
12. The soldier can’t 　 　　　（enjoy）himself more — it is a perfect day.
have enjoyed
must
have left
must
Ⅱ . 完成句子
1. 我现在是债台高筑，再也不敢借钱了。
I’m now up to my ears in debt and 　　　　　　　 　　　　 　　　　　.
2. 新的化验应该有助于早早检查出这种疾病。
The new test 　　　 　　　 in the early detection of the disease.
3. 天气变得非常恶劣，我们不得不从郊区折回。
The weather got so bad that 　　　　 　　　　 　 　　suburbs.
4. 他能听到楼上房间里经常有人走动。
He 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　in the room above frequently.
5. 他负担不起买新汽车的贷款，所以就买了一辆二手的。
　　　　 　　　　　 the loan of a new car，so he bought a second-hand one.
He couldn’t afford
dare not borrow any more money
ought to aid
we had to turn back from
could hear someone move around
THE END