专题02 名词
◆ 命题点1： 名词词义辨析 (上海中考近5年11考; 完形填空)
考向 1: 同类名词词义辨析
1.（2017·上海中考真题）I don't think there is ever a good reason to lie to our children．Children learn honesty from the they see．
A．Films B．Details C．Examples D．teachers
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词．A表示电影；B表示细节；C表示例子；D表示老师．由I don't think there is ever a good reason to lie to our children可知此处表示孩子们在他们看见的实例中来学会诚实，选C
2.（2018·上海中考真题）As you know,teachers always put the _____ of students above anything else.
A)actions B)needs C)records D)attitudes
【答案】B
【解析】通过前后文学生想学更多知识但不一定都会买报纸推断老师常以学生需求为先。
3.（2019·上海中考真题）These weren’t stopped by their age or size or lack of resources ，they saw a______ in the world around them and to step hep where they could.
A. sign B. need C. reason D. change
【答案】. B
【解析】句意：他们没有因为年龄、规模或缺乏资源而停止，他们看到了周围世界的需求。
A. sign标志；B. need需要；C. reason原因；D. change改变。根据上文These weren’t stopped by their age or size or lack of resources可知下文是说需求。根据题意，故选B。
4.（2020·上海中考真题）The book shows them，through other kids' stories，how they can make a ___，too.
A. plan B. mistake C. decision D. difference
【答案】.D
【解析】 .句意：这本书通过其他孩子们的故事向他们展示了他们如何才能做出改变。
A. plan计划；B. mistake犯错误；C. decision决定；D. difference不同。根据上文The book explains some of the world's big problems-hunger， health and animals in danger-in a way that young children can understand.The book shows them，through other kids' stories可知，下文是展示他们如何改变，做出不同。短语make a difference，表示有影响，发挥作用。根据题意，故选D。
5.（2020·上海中考真题）Find the right so that your efforts will work well.
A．time B．place C．habit D．skill
【答案】A
【解析】句意：找到合适的时间，使你的工作顺利进行。
time时间；place地点；habit习惯；skill技巧。根据“Some students focus better in the morning；others at night”可知不同的学生需要的时间不一样，此处是指找到合适的时间，故选A。
6.（2021·上海中考真题）A walk in the countryside and a careful look at can help.
A．society B．nature C．pictures D．advertisements
【答案】B
【详解】句意：如果你还没有，在乡间散步和仔细观察大自然会有所帮助。
society社会；nature自然；pictures图片；advertisements广告；根据“The Swiss scientist, George de Mestral, had the idea for Velcro (粘扣) when he found his clothes covered in sticky seed pods after a walk in the countryside.”可知，此处指的是“观察大自然”，故选B。
7.（2022·上海中考真题）Wu Mengchao, a great and ordinary, ___________ saved lots of patients with his magic hands.
A)doctor B)engineer C)writer D)scientist
【答案】A
【详解】句意：吴梦超，一个伟大而平凡的______, 用他的魔法手拯救了很多病人。
doctor医生；engineer 工程师；writer 作家； scientist科学家。根据文章最后“saved lots of patients with his magic hands.”可知，吴是一位医生。故选A。
8.（2022·上海中考真题）She believed in facts and observation. In order to explain those “strange” events, she did some ______.
A. exercises B. drawings C. reviews D. experiments
【答案】D
【详解】句意：为了解释那些“奇怪”的事件，她做了一些实验。
exercises练习；drawings图纸；reviews评论；experiments实验。根据下文“she used a round table as the Earth, a lamp as the Sun and a mirror as the Moon”可知，把一张圆桌作为地球，一盏灯作为太阳，一面镜子作为月亮，这是王贞仪为解释自然现象所做的实验。故选D。
考向 2: 不同类名词词义辨析
9. （2021·上海中考真题）Last week, my friend and I watched an exciting 4 D film in the _______ and it made us feel so real.
A) family B)tree C)cinema D)dream
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析．句意：上周，我和我的朋友在_____看了一部令人兴奋的4D电影，这让我们感觉很真实。A. 家族； B. 树； C. 电影院； D. 梦想。根据文章最后“ I watched an exciting 4 D film in the .......”可知，是在电影院看电影。故选C。
10. （2019·上海中考真题）When you walk along the______, you should be careful with the cars around you.
A) street B) bridge C) river D) hill
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析．句意：当你沿着______走着时，你应该小心对待你周围的汽车。A) 街B) 桥 C) 河 D) 山。根据文章最后“ 你应该小心对待你周围的汽车。”可知，是在大街上行走。故选A。
11.（2018·上海中考真题）-Could you tell me the _______ of making such a fantastic model car
-Well, I just followed the steps in the video.
A)culture B)influence C)impression D)method
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析．句意：你能告诉我制造这么棒的模型汽车的_______吗？ -嗯，我只是按照视频中的步骤去做了。根据文章最后“ Well, I just followed the steps in the video.”可知，是告诉我制造汽车的方法。故选D。
◆ 命题点2：名词的数 (2019.29, 2017.32)
1.（2019·上海中考真题）I couldn't get much of the exhibition of clean-energy products from the website.
A. news B. photos C. posters D. advertisements
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词．句意：我从网站上看不到关于清洁能源产品展览会的很多新闻。
A. news新闻；B. photos照片；C. posters海报；D. advertisements广告。根据文中of the exhibition of clean-energy products from the website.可知这里是许多新闻。根据题意，故选A。
2.（2017·上海中考真题）Did the policeman give much _______ on how to protect personal information？A．note B．tip C．advice D．book
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词．句意"那个警察对如何保护个人信息给出了很多建议吗？"note笔记．tip小费．advice建议．book书．根据题干Did the policeman give much _______ on how to protect personal information？可知句意应为那个警察对如何保护个人信息给出了很多建议吗？much应修饰不可数名词advice．其他选项都是可数名词，意思也不相符．故选C．
上海考情概览
考查点 考查题型 考查角度
名词词义辨析 (6年10考） 完形填空 同类名词词义辨析(6年6考)不同类名词词义辨析(6年4考)
名词的数 (2019.29, 2017.32) 选择填空 可数名词与不可数名词混合辨析(2019.29，2017.32): 句中有限定词much，修饰不可数名词
知识图表
名词的数
1、规则的可数名词 1）一般加s 2）以 s，sh，ch，x结尾的加 –es 3）辅音字母 + y结尾的变 y为 ies 4）以 o 结尾的词 +es; 以 o 结尾 +s 5）以f，fe 结尾的多数为-ves; 以f，fe 结尾的少数直接 + s 1. teachers, books, 2. classes，dishes, matches, boxes 3. cities，countries，parties，factories 4. (1) heroes，Negroes，tomatoes，potatoes (2) radios，zoos，bamboos，pianos，kilos，photos 5. (1) leaves，lives，wives，knives，halves，wolves (2) roofs proofs, gulfs, beliefs
2、 不规则的可数名词 1）单复数词形相近 2）fish如表示不同种类的鱼时复数是fishes： 3）以man, woman 修饰名词构成合成词时 4）单复数相同 1.man—men, woman—women, tooth—teeth, foot—feet, child—children, mouse—mice 2. There are many kinds of fishes in that lake. 3.man servant—men servants； woman doctor—women doctors. (*boy/girl students) 4. sheep, fish, deer, means, Chinese, Japanese, works
3、复合名词 1. son-in-law---sons-in-law 2. looker-on—lookers-on
4、字母,阿拉伯数字 1. There are two l’s in the word “ all ”. 2. Your 7’s and 9’s look alike. 3. It happened in the 1960’s /1960s. 4. I will not accept your if’s and but’s.
5、定冠词加姓氏的复数 the Turners, the Smiths, the Wangs
6、集体名词 class, family, population, team, crew 1. The class is big.---The class are taking notes in English. 2. The population in China is large. ---- 80% of the population in China are peasants.
7、以s 结尾的学科名词 mathematics , physics, politics, news
8、glasses， trousers类 1. Where are my glasses ？ 2. My new pair of trousers is too long. 3. Here are some new pairs of shoes.
9、不可数名词表示“一个”时 1. a piece of news / information / advice / bread / cake / paper / meat / coal 2. a bottle of ink
10、常考不可数名词 information, weather, news, advice, fun，etc.
名词的所有格
1. 一般加’s (1)复合名词只在最后一个词的后面加 ’s (2)表示共同所有的几个名词，只在最后一个词的后面加’s (3)表示各个所有关系的几个名词，在每个名词后分别加’s (4)名词短语只在最后一个词后加 ’s 1.my sister-in-law’s brother. 2.This is Tom, James and Dick’s room. 3.Jenny’s, Jean’s and Mary’s rooms face （to the） south. 4.a quarter of an hour’s talk
2. 有时加of 1）凡不能用’s的情况可用 of表示所属关系 2)当名词有较长的定语时： 1. the City of New York. 2. a map of China. 3. the name of the girl standing at the gate. 4. Have you read the articles of the students who were with us yesterday？
3. 双重所有格 当of前面的名词有不定冠词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词或数词如 a, an, this, that, these, those, two, three, four, any, some, several, no, few ,another等修饰时 1. a poem of Lu Xun’s 2. a friend of his/hers 3. Which novel of Dicken’s are you reading 4. some friends of my brothers’
4．几种特殊情况 1. the key to the door 2. answers to the question 3. the entrance to the station / cinema 4. tickets for the film / movie
命题点一：名词的格
1．（2019·上海虹口·九年级校考期中）We were told that it was about thirty __________walk to ________house.
A．minutes’; Mike’s and Mary’s B．minutes’; Mike and Mary’s
C．minute’s ; Mike’s and Mary’s D．minute’s; Mike and Mary’s
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我们被告知去迈克和玛丽家大约要走三十分钟。
thirty三十，后加名词复数。排除CD；thirty minutes’ walk表示三十分钟的步行；A and B’s 表示AB两人公共所有，后加名词单数；A’s and B’s表示AB两人分别所有，后加名词复数。house单数，这里是两人公共所有，排除A。根据题意，故选B。
2．（2022秋·上海浦东新·九年级上海市实验学校校考期末）After ________ talk, they decided to go to Beijing on holiday.
A．two hour B．two hours C．two-hours D．two hours’
【答案】D
【详解】句意：经过两个小时的交谈，他们决定去北京度假。
考查名词所有格。根据“After ... talk”可知此处表示两小时的交谈，用名词所有格two hours’表示“两小时的”。故选D。
3．（2019·上海·九年级校考期末）"Don't take your _____ dictionary without asking. You should ask him first."The teacher said．
A．classmate B．classmate's C．classmates D．classmates'
【答案】B
【详解】句意：“未经允许不要拿你同学的字典。你应该先问他。” “老师说。
A．classmate"同班同学"是名词; B.classmate′s"同班同学的"是名词的所有格，C.classmates"同班同学们"，D.classmates′"同班同学们的"，是名词的所有格。由下句You should ask him first．"你应该先问问他。"可知，是指一个同学，你的同学的字典，的翻译为"your classmate′s dictinoary"，故空格用classmate′s。由题干可知，故选B。
4．（2018秋·上海浦东新·九年级校考期中）She seemed to be too short for a _____.
A．twenty -year old girl B．girl of twenty
C．twenty-years-old girl D．girl twenty-year-old
【答案】B
【详解】句意：对于一个二十岁的女孩来说，她似乎太矮了。
考查固定用法，twenty-year-old二十岁的，复合形容词，可以做表语、定语，所以选项A和C表示错误，而选择D twenty-year-old作定语修饰名词girl应该放前面，选项B用的是介词of（…的），a girl of twenty二十岁的女孩，符合句意，故选B。
5．（2019秋·上海·九年级校考期末）Mr.Li, an old friend of my ______ , has decided to give up smoking because of his disease.
A．father B．fathers C．father’s D．fathers'
【答案】C
【详解】句意：李先生，我爸爸的一个老朋友，因为他的疾病已经决定放弃吸烟了。
本题考查的是名词的双重所有格，名词的双重所有格的结构有两种，1、of+名词所有格（’s）2、of+名词性物主代词，根据所给空前面的my可知，应该是father’s，故答案选C。
6．（2019·上海·校联考中考模拟）Is _________ riding enough for you to get there
A．thirty five minutes B．thirty-five minutes’
C．thirty-five-minutes D．thirty five minute’s
【答案】B
【详解】句意：骑自行车35分钟够你到达那里吗？thirty five minutes形式错误，“thirty”与“five”中间应该有连字符，同样D也不对；thirty-five minutes’三十五分钟的，是名词所有格形式；thirty-five minutes三十五分钟。空后的riding是名词，故这里应用名词所有格形式，选B。
7．（2022秋·九年级单元测试）I saw________ mothers talking under that big tree about ten minutes ago.
A．Lucy and Lily B．Lucy’s and Lily C．Lucy and Lily’s D．Lucy’s and Lily’s
【答案】D
【详解】句意：大约十分钟前，我看到露西和莉莉的妈妈在那棵大树下聊天。
考查名词所有格。根据“mothers”及选项可知，此处指露西和莉莉两个人各自的妈妈，一共两位妈妈，故在Lucy和Lily后各加-’s所有格，修饰名词mothers。故选D。
8．（2020秋·上海虹口·九年级上海市民办新复兴初级中学校考期中）The government should pay more attention to protecting ________ basic rights. （city）
【答案】citizens’
【详解】句意：政府应更加重视保护公民的基本权利。根据“The government should pay more attention to protecting…basic rights”可知，此处指公民的基本权利，不止一个公民，应用名词的复数形式的所有格，故填citizens’。
9．（2022秋·九年级单元测试）I really believe that to feed pets can change _______ life.（person）
【答案】person’s
【详解】句意：我真的相信养宠物能改变人的生活。这里是用名词所有格作定语，这里用person的所有格，change person’s life“表示改变人的生活”。故填person’s。
10．（2019秋·上海长宁·九年级上海市民办新世纪中学校考阶段练习）It’s five ________ walk from my new house to the underground station. (minute)
【答案】minutes’
【详解】句意：从我的新房子到地铁站需要步行五分钟。minute分钟，名词；空处需要名词所有格作定语修饰名词walk；且由five可知，名词应用其复数形式。故填minutes’。
命题点二：名词的数
11．（2022春·上海金山·九年级校考期中）With 3D glasses, ____________ can see the process of intestines digesting(肠胃消化). (visitor)
【答案】visitors
【详解】句意：戴着3D眼镜，游客们可以看到肠胃消化的过程。visitor“游客”，可数名词，用复数形式表示一类人。故填visitors。
12．（2022秋·九年级单元测试）Frank had interviewed five ______ before he wrote a report on their lives. (fish)
【答案】fishermen
【详解】句意：Frank在写关于渔民生活的报告之前，已经采访了五名渔民。根据句意“Frank在写关于他们的生活的报告之前，已经采访了五名___”可推出，此处要用fish的变形fisherman表示“渔民”；five后接可数名词复数，fisherman的复数形式是fishermen。故填fishermen。
13．（2022·上海·模拟预测）To protect her family, Mrs. Frisbee is willing to put her life in those ________ (enemy) hands.
【答案】enemies’
【详解】句意：为了保护她的家人，Frisbee太太愿意把自己的性命交到敌人的手中。根据语境，此处需用名词所有格表示“敌人的手中”；因“those”表示复数，需将enemy变为复数后加’，故填enemies’。
14．（2023·上海静安·统考一模）Bill, a famous lawyer in this city, deals with many ________ every year. (case)
【答案】cases
【详解】句意：比尔是这个城市的一位著名律师，每年要处理许多案件。根据“many”可知，需要一个名词复数，cases符合句意，故填cases。
15．（2022春·九年级单元测试）It is said the more ________ will be set up in this state in a couple of years. (church)
【答案】churches
【详解】句意：据说在几年后这个州将建立更多的教堂。由“more”可知，后跟可数名词复数，church的复数为churches“教堂”。故填churches。
16．（2022秋·九年级单元测试）As we all know, the Great Wall is one of the eight ________ in the world. (wonderful)
【答案】wonders
【详解】句意：众所周知，长城是世界八大奇迹之一。根据“the Great Wall is one of the eight... in the world”可知，one of+名词复数，表示“……之一”，所以此处是名词复数，wonderful的名词复数形式是wonders“奇迹”。故填wonders。
17．（2022秋·上海长宁·九年级上海市新泾中学校考期中）Last night, I watched two exciting football ________ on TV. (match)
【答案】matches
【详解】句意：昨晚，我在电视上看了两场精彩的足球赛。根据空格前面的词语是two，所以要用复数名词来填空，结合给出的单词提示，match“比赛”，复数为matches。故填matches。
18．（2022·上海·统考中考真题）There are many different _________ in that small garden. （plant）
【答案】plants
【详解】句意：那个小花园里有许多不同的植物。plant“植物”，名词；many修饰可数名词的复数，故用其复数形式。故填plants。
19．（2022秋·九年级单元测试）It is frightening when two ______ meet in the battle. (army)
【答案】armies
【详解】句意：两军在战斗中相遇是可怕的。根据two可知填可数名词复数；army的复数是armies；故填armies。
20．（2022春·上海黄浦·九年级上海外国语大学附属大境初级中学校考期中）The website gives you quite a few useful ________ on interviewing for high schools. (tip)
【答案】tips
【详解】句意：这个网站为你提供了很多有用的高中面试建议。tip“建议”，“a few”修饰可数名词复数，故填tips。
21．（2022春·上海浦东新·九年级上海市进才中学校考期中）People admire _________ because they have done something brave, new or excellent. (hero)
【答案】heroes
【详解】句意：人们崇拜英雄，因为他们做了勇敢、新颖或优秀的事情。hero“英雄”，根据“they”可知，此处使用名词复数形式，故填heroes。
22．（2022春·上海徐汇·九年级统考期中）Nowadays most people choose to spend their holidays travelling to foreign ________.(country)
【答案】countries
【详解】句意：现在大多数人选择去国外度假。根据“foreign”，此处使用名词，country国家，为可数名词，此空使用复数形式，泛指多个国家。故填countries。
23．（2022春·上海徐汇·九年级上海市徐汇中学校考期中）The secretary made enough ________ of the report for the conference. (copy)
【答案】copies
【详解】句意：秘书为会议准备了足够的报告副本。copy“复制件，副本”，可数名词作宾语，空前没有不定冠词修饰，此空应填复数名词copies。故填copies。
24．（2023·上海黄浦·统考一模）Giant pandas live on bamboo shoots and _________, and most of them live in China. (leaf)
【答案】leaves
【详解】句意：大熊猫以竹笋和竹叶为食，大多数生活在中国。leaf“叶子，树叶”。根据“shoots and”可知，空格处与shoots“嫩枝”为并列结构，故应用其复数形式leaves。故填leaves。
25．（2022春·九年级单元测试）Our atmosphere is changing because we’re polluting it with ________. (chemical)
【答案】chemicals
【详解】句意：我们的大气正在改变，因为我们正在用化学制品污染它。根据空前介词“with”及所给词可判断此空应填名词作介词with的宾语，chemical“化学药品”可数名词，此处应用复数表示多种药品，故填chemicals。
命题点三：名词词性转化
26．（2022秋·上海浦东新·九年级上海市实验学校校考期末）Is the new building about the same ________ as the TV tower (high)
【答案】height
【详解】句意：那幢新的大楼的高度和电视塔一样吗？根据“the same”可知形容词修饰名词。high的名词为height，意为“高度”。故填height。
27．（2022秋·上海奉贤·九年级校联考期中）Each of us must take ________ for our own actions. (responsible)
【答案】responsibility
【详解】句意：我们每个人必须为自己的行为负责。take responsibility for“对……负责”，是固定搭配。故填responsibility。
28．（2022秋·上海奉贤·九年级统考期中）The three ________ are my good friends. (Germany)
【答案】Germans
【详解】句意：这三个德国人是我的好朋友。根据“are my good friends”可知此处指德国人，用German表示，three后接名词复数。故填Germans。
29．（2023·上海黄浦·统考一模）I was full of joy at the _________ of meeting my old friend in an hour. (think)
【答案】thought
【详解】句意：一想到一小时后就能见到老朋友，我就满心欢喜。think“思考，想”。根据“I was full of joy at the”和“of meeting my old friend in an hour”可知，at the thought of doing sth.“一想到要做某事”，故此处应用think的名词形式thought。故填thought。
30．（2020秋·上海虹口·九年级上海市民办新复兴初级中学校考期中）Alice works as three ________ teacher during the day while she draws pictures for a famous magazine at night. (Canada)
【答案】Canadians’
【详解】句意：爱丽丝白天是三位加拿大人的老师，晚上则为著名杂志画画。根据“teacher”结合所给词可知，此处指是加拿大人的老师，用Canada对应的Canadian“加拿大人”，three后用其复数形式的所有格，Canadian后加-s’。故填Canadians’。
31．（2022春·上海黄浦·九年级上海外国语大学附属大境初级中学校考期中）Some interesting things came up in our __________ yesterday. (discuss)
【答案】discussion
【详解】句意：在我们昨天的讨论中出现了一些有趣的事情。根据our可知，此空应填名词discussion“讨论”，单数形式即可，故填discussion。
32．（2022春·上海黄浦·九年级上海外国语大学附属大境初级中学校考期中）The great __________ is respected by the world. (art)
【答案】artist
【详解】句意：这位伟大的艺术家受到全世界的尊敬。根据“The great… is respected by the world”可知，艺术家受到尊敬，artist“艺术家”，根据is可知，此空应填名词单数形式，故填artist。
33．（2022春·上海徐汇·九年级上海市徐汇中学校考期中）Melody’s parents always tell her to make a ________ by herself. (decide)
【答案】decision
【详解】句意：梅洛迪的父母总是告诉她要自己做决定。a后跟单数名词，根据“make a...”和所给词可知，此处考查make a decision“做决定”，故填decision。
34．（2022秋·九年级单元测试）Although they are twins, they have different ________. (person)
【答案】personalities
【详解】句意：虽然他们是双胞胎，但他们有不同的性格。此处作宾语，其前被different修饰，主语为复数they，可知要用名词复数；person表示“人”，是名词；根据句意，此处是“性格”之意。person的衍生词personality表示“性格，个性”，是名词，故填personalities。
35．（2022春·上海长宁·九年级统考期中）Last summer, I went on a trip to _____ with my father. It was great fun. (German)
【答案】Germany
【详解】句意：去年夏天，我和爸爸去德国旅行。这很有趣。根据“went on a trip to”可知，此处指去德国旅行，Germany“德国”，国名，故填Germany。
36．（2022秋·上海浦东新·九年级上海市实验学校校考期末）After discussing for a whole day, they reached a ________ at last. (conclude)
【答案】conclusion
【详解】句意：在讨论一整天后，他们最后得出结论。根据空前“they reached a”可知，空处缺少一个单数名词，结合所给动词conclude“结论”变为名词conclusion“结论”，reach a conclusion“得出结论”。故填conclusion。
37．（2022秋·上海徐汇·九年级上海市西南位育中学校考期中）Several soldiers moved towards the target under cover of ________. (dark)
【答案】darkness
【详解】句意：几个士兵在黑暗的掩护下向目标移动。“of”是介词，后面加名词，“dark”译为“黑暗的”，是一个形容词，词尾加“ness”，变成名词，故填darkness。
38．（2022秋·上海徐汇·九年级上海市西南位育中学校考期中）Recycling has been a ________—nearly half of the household waste is recycled. (succeed).
【答案】success
【详解】句意：回收利用已经取得了成功——近一半的家庭垃圾被回收利用。succeed“成功”，动词原形。根据“a”可知，空格处应用名词单数，即success“成功”。故填success。
39．（2022春·九年级单元测试）San Francisco is full of ________ in summer. (tour)
【答案】tourists
【详解】句意：夏天旧金山到处都是游客。根据设空处前面的of是介词可知，此处应用名词形式，提示词tour“旅行”，动词；由语境可知，此处应表示“游客”，tourist“游客、观光者”，可数名词，这里用其复数形式tourists。故填tourists。
40．（2022春·上海徐汇·九年级上海市徐汇中学校考期中）The ________ combines different techniques in the same painting. (art)
【答案】artist
【详解】句意：这位艺术家在同一幅画中结合了不同的技法。art“艺术”，名词；根据“The...combines different techniques in the same painting.”可知，是艺术家在同一幅画中结合了不同的技法，artist“艺术家”；谓语动词combines为三单形式，主语artist应用单数形式。故填artist。
41．（2023·上海黄浦·统考一模）Our _________ in the government grows because people are living a better life. (confident)
【答案】confidence
【详解】句意：我们对政府的信心与日俱增，因为人民生活越来越好。confident“有信心的”。结合语境和“our”可知，空格处应用名词，即confidence“信心”，不可数名词。故填confidence。
42．（2023·上海静安·统考一模）A good detective never makes his ________ before he has got enough proofs. (decide)
【答案】decisions
【详解】句意：一个好的侦探在没有足够的证据之前是不会做决定的。make decision“做决定”，此空应填名词复数形式，故填decisions。
43．（2023·上海闵行·统考一模）A wide ________ of activities in the camp will attract more students this coming holidays. (various)
【答案】variety
【详解】句意：在即将到来的假期里，夏令营丰富多彩的活动将吸引更多的学生。variety“多样化”，a variety of“多种多样的”，故填variety。
44．（2022秋·上海长宁·九年级上海市新泾中学校考期中）The article tells us that sometimes money doesn’t bring ________ to us. （happy）
【答案】happiness
【详解】句意：这篇文章告诉我们，有时金钱并不能给我们带来幸福。此空位于动词bring后，应填名词作宾语。happy对应的名词是happiness“幸福”，故填happiness。
45．（2022春·上海金山·九年级校考期中）A few students made a ____________ about the poor food. (complain)
【答案】complaint
【详解】句意：几个学生抱怨食物不好。不定冠词a后接单数名词，动词complain的名词为complaint。故填complaint。
46．（2022春·上海徐汇·九年级统考期中）Modern new ________ can calculate quite fast and seldom make mistakes. (calculate)
【答案】calculators
【详解】句意：现代新式计算器计算速度很快，很少出错。根据“Modern new”可知，此空使用名词，calculate意为“计算”，动词；calculator意为“计算器”，这里用复数形式表示一类事物。故填calculators。
47．（2023·上海闵行·统考一模）There is enough ________ for people to keep valuable things in the bank. (safe)
【答案】safety
【详解】句意：人们把有价值的东西存在银行有足够的安全保障。此处在句中作主语，用名词safety表示“安全”。故填safety。
48．（2022春·上海黄浦·九年级上海外国语大学附属大境初级中学校考期中）Simon is measuring the __________ of his desk to see if it will fit the new study. (long)
【答案】length
【详解】句意：西蒙正在量他的书桌的长度，看它是否适合新书房。结合提示词可知，此处是the length of短语，意为“……的长度”，故填length。
49．（2022春·上海浦东新·九年级上海市进才中学校考期中）All of us in this company like him because of his _________. (honest)
【答案】honesty
【详解】句意：因为他诚实，我们公司的人都很喜欢他。此处在介词短语后作宾语，用名词honesty表示“诚实”，故填honesty。
50．（2022秋·上海浦东新·九年级上海市实验学校校考期末）Now comic strips have a strong ________ on children. (affect)
【答案】effect
【详解】句意：现在连环画对儿童有很强的影响。have an effect on“对……有影响”，是固定搭配，空格处应填affect的名词形式，即effect，故填effect。
51．（2022秋·九年级单元测试）This was all the ________ I needed and he admitted that he was guilty.(prove)
【答案】proofs
【详解】句意：这就是我所需要的一切证据并且他承认了他有罪。prove动词，翻译为“证明”。分析句子可知，此处用于was之后，因此应用名词形式proof作表语；其前有all修饰，因此用其名词复数形式proofs。故填proofs。
52．（2022秋·上海徐汇·九年级上海市徐汇中学校考期中）There are a number of ________ about the service of the hotel. (complain)
【答案】complaints
【详解】句意：对这家旅馆的服务有许多抱怨。根据“are a number of ”可知，需要名词复数，complaints“抱怨”符合句意。故填complaints。专题02 名词
◆ 命题点1： 名词词义辨析 (上海中考近5年11考; 完形填空)
考向 1: 同类名词词义辨析
1.（2017·上海中考真题）I don't think there is ever a good reason to lie to our children．Children learn honesty from the they see．
A．Films B．Details C．Examples D．teachers
2.（2018·上海中考真题）As you know,teachers always put the _____ of students above anything else.
A)actions B)needs C)records D)attitudes
3.（2019·上海中考真题）These weren’t stopped by their age or size or lack of resources ，they saw a______ in the world around them and to step hep where they could.
A. sign B. need C. reason D. change
4.（2020·上海中考真题）The book shows them，through other kids' stories，how they can make a ___，too.
A. plan B. mistake C. decision D. difference
5.（2020·上海中考真题）Find the right so that your efforts will work well.
A．time B．place C．habit D．skill
6.（2021·上海中考真题）A walk in the countryside and a careful look at can help.
A．society B．nature C．pictures D．advertisements
7.（2022·上海中考真题）Wu Mengchao, a great and ordinary, ___________ saved lots of patients with his magic hands.
A)doctor B)engineer C)writer D)scientist
8.（2022·上海中考真题）She believed in facts and observation. In order to explain those “strange” events, she did some ______.
A. exercises B. drawings C. reviews D. experiments
考向 2: 不同类名词词义辨析
9. （2021·上海中考真题）Last week, my friend and I watched an exciting 4 D film in the _______ and it made us feel so real.
A) family B)tree C)cinema D)dream
10. （2019·上海中考真题）When you walk along the______, you should be careful with the cars around you.
A) street B) bridge C) river D) hill
11.（2018·上海中考真题）-Could you tell me the _______ of making such a fantastic model car
-Well, I just followed the steps in the video.
A)culture B)influence C)impression D)method
◆ 命题点2：名词的数 (2019.29, 2017.32)
1.（2019·上海中考真题）I couldn't get much of the exhibition of clean-energy products from the website.
A. news B. photos C. posters D. advertisements
2.（2017·上海中考真题）Did the policeman give much _______ on how to protect personal information？A．note B．tip C．advice D．book
上海考情概览
考查点 考查题型 考查角度
名词词义辨析 (6年10考） 完形填空 同类名词词义辨析(6年6考)不同类名词词义辨析(6年4考)
名词的数 (2019.29, 2017.32) 选择填空 可数名词与不可数名词混合辨析(2019.29，2017.32): 句中有限定词much，修饰不可数名词
知识图表
名词的数
1、规则的可数名词 1）一般加s 2）以 s，sh，ch，x结尾的加 –es 3）辅音字母 + y结尾的变 y为 ies 4）以 o 结尾的词 +es; 以 o 结尾 +s 5）以f，fe 结尾的多数为-ves; 以f，fe 结尾的少数直接 + s 1. teachers, books, 2. classes，dishes, matches, boxes 3. cities，countries，parties，factories 4. (1) heroes，Negroes，tomatoes，potatoes (2) radios，zoos，bamboos，pianos，kilos，photos 5. (1) leaves，lives，wives，knives，halves，wolves (2) roofs proofs, gulfs, beliefs
2、 不规则的可数名词 1）单复数词形相近 2）fish如表示不同种类的鱼时复数是fishes： 3）以man, woman 修饰名词构成合成词时 4）单复数相同 1.man—men, woman—women, tooth—teeth, foot—feet, child—children, mouse—mice 2. There are many kinds of fishes in that lake. 3.man servant—men servants； woman doctor—women doctors. (*boy/girl students) 4. sheep, fish, deer, means, Chinese, Japanese, works
3、复合名词 1. son-in-law---sons-in-law 2. looker-on—lookers-on
4、字母,阿拉伯数字 1. There are two l’s in the word “ all ”. 2. Your 7’s and 9’s look alike. 3. It happened in the 1960’s /1960s. 4. I will not accept your if’s and but’s.
5、定冠词加姓氏的复数 the Turners, the Smiths, the Wangs
6、集体名词 class, family, population, team, crew 1. The class is big.---The class are taking notes in English. 2. The population in China is large. ---- 80% of the population in China are peasants.
7、以s 结尾的学科名词 mathematics , physics, politics, news
8、glasses， trousers类 1. Where are my glasses ？ 2. My new pair of trousers is too long. 3. Here are some new pairs of shoes.
9、不可数名词表示“一个”时 1. a piece of news / information / advice / bread / cake / paper / meat / coal 2. a bottle of ink
10、常考不可数名词 information, weather, news, advice, fun，etc.
名词的所有格
1. 一般加’s (1)复合名词只在最后一个词的后面加 ’s (2)表示共同所有的几个名词，只在最后一个词的后面加’s (3)表示各个所有关系的几个名词，在每个名词后分别加’s (4)名词短语只在最后一个词后加 ’s 1.my sister-in-law’s brother. 2.This is Tom, James and Dick’s room. 3.Jenny’s, Jean’s and Mary’s rooms face （to the） south. 4.a quarter of an hour’s talk
2. 有时加of 1）凡不能用’s的情况可用 of表示所属关系 2)当名词有较长的定语时： 1. the City of New York. 2. a map of China. 3. the name of the girl standing at the gate. 4. Have you read the articles of the students who were with us yesterday？
3. 双重所有格 当of前面的名词有不定冠词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词或数词如 a, an, this, that, these, those, two, three, four, any, some, several, no, few ,another等修饰时 1. a poem of Lu Xun’s 2. a friend of his/hers 3. Which novel of Dicken’s are you reading 4. some friends of my brothers’
4．几种特殊情况 1. the key to the door 2. answers to the question 3. the entrance to the station / cinema 4. tickets for the film / movie
命题点一：名词的格
1．（2019·上海虹口·九年级校考期中）We were told that it was about thirty __________walk to ________house.
A．minutes’; Mike’s and Mary’s B．minutes’; Mike and Mary’s
C．minute’s ; Mike’s and Mary’s D．minute’s; Mike and Mary’s
2．（2022秋·上海浦东新·九年级上海市实验学校校考期末）After ________ talk, they decided to go to Beijing on holiday.
A．two hour B．two hours C．two-hours D．two hours’
3．（2019·上海·九年级校考期末）"Don't take your _____ dictionary without asking. You should ask him first."The teacher said．
A．classmate B．classmate's C．classmates D．classmates'
4．（2018秋·上海浦东新·九年级校考期中）She seemed to be too short for a _____.
A．twenty -year old girl B．girl of twenty
C．twenty-years-old girl D．girl twenty-year-old
5．（2019秋·上海·九年级校考期末）Mr.Li, an old friend of my ______ , has decided to give up smoking because of his disease.
A．father B．fathers C．father’s D．fathers'
6．（2019·上海·校联考中考模拟）Is _________ riding enough for you to get there
A．thirty five minutes B．thirty-five minutes’
C．thirty-five-minutes D．thirty five minute’s
7．（2022秋·九年级单元测试）I saw________ mothers talking under that big tree about ten minutes ago.
A．Lucy and Lily B．Lucy’s and Lily C．Lucy and Lily’s D．Lucy’s and Lily’s
8．（2020秋·上海虹口·九年级上海市民办新复兴初级中学校考期中）The government should pay more attention to protecting ________ basic rights. （city）
9．（2022秋·九年级单元测试）I really believe that to feed pets can change _______ life.（person）
10．（2019秋·上海长宁·九年级上海市民办新世纪中学校考阶段练习）It’s five ________ walk from my new house to the underground station. (minute)
命题点二：名词的数
11．（2022春·上海金山·九年级校考期中）With 3D glasses, ____________ can see the process of intestines digesting(肠胃消化). (visitor)
12．（2022秋·九年级单元测试）Frank had interviewed five ______ before he wrote a report on their lives. (fish)
13．（2022·上海·模拟预测）To protect her family, Mrs. Frisbee is willing to put her life in those ________ (enemy) hands.
14．（2023·上海静安·统考一模）Bill, a famous lawyer in this city, deals with many ________ every year. (case)
15．（2022春·九年级单元测试）It is said the more ________ will be set up in this state in a couple of years. (church)
16．（2022秋·九年级单元测试）As we all know, the Great Wall is one of the eight ________ in the world. (wonderful)
17．（2022秋·上海长宁·九年级上海市新泾中学校考期中）Last night, I watched two exciting football ________ on TV. (match)
18．（2022·上海·统考中考真题）There are many different _________ in that small garden. （plant）
19．（2022秋·九年级单元测试）It is frightening when two ______ meet in the battle. (army)
20．（2022春·上海黄浦·九年级上海外国语大学附属大境初级中学校考期中）The website gives you quite a few useful ________ on interviewing for high schools. (tip)
21．（2022春·上海浦东新·九年级上海市进才中学校考期中）People admire _________ because they have done something brave, new or excellent. (hero)
22．（2022春·上海徐汇·九年级统考期中）Nowadays most people choose to spend their holidays travelling to foreign ________.(country)
23．（2022春·上海徐汇·九年级上海市徐汇中学校考期中）The secretary made enough ________ of the report for the conference. (copy)
24．（2023·上海黄浦·统考一模）Giant pandas live on bamboo shoots and _________, and most of them live in China. (leaf)
25．（2022春·九年级单元测试）Our atmosphere is changing because we’re polluting it with ________. (chemical)
命题点三：名词词性转化
26．（2022秋·上海浦东新·九年级上海市实验学校校考期末）Is the new building about the same ________ as the TV tower (high)
27．（2022秋·上海奉贤·九年级校联考期中）Each of us must take ________ for our own actions. (responsible)
28．（2022秋·上海奉贤·九年级统考期中）The three ________ are my good friends. (Germany)
29．（2023·上海黄浦·统考一模）I was full of joy at the _________ of meeting my old friend in an hour. (think)
30．（2020秋·上海虹口·九年级上海市民办新复兴初级中学校考期中）Alice works as three ________ teacher during the day while she draws pictures for a famous magazine at night. (Canada)
31．（2022春·上海黄浦·九年级上海外国语大学附属大境初级中学校考期中）Some interesting things came up in our __________ yesterday. (discuss)
32．（2022春·上海黄浦·九年级上海外国语大学附属大境初级中学校考期中）The great __________ is respected by the world. (art)
33．（2022春·上海徐汇·九年级上海市徐汇中学校考期中）Melody’s parents always tell her to make a ________ by herself. (decide)
34．（2022秋·九年级单元测试）Although they are twins, they have different ________. (person)
35．（2022春·上海长宁·九年级统考期中）Last summer, I went on a trip to _____ with my father. It was great fun. (German)
36．（2022秋·上海浦东新·九年级上海市实验学校校考期末）After discussing for a whole day, they reached a ________ at last. (conclude)
37．（2022秋·上海徐汇·九年级上海市西南位育中学校考期中）Several soldiers moved towards the target under cover of ________. (dark)
38．（2022秋·上海徐汇·九年级上海市西南位育中学校考期中）Recycling has been a ________—nearly half of the household waste is recycled. (succeed).
39．（2022春·九年级单元测试）San Francisco is full of ________ in summer. (tour)
40．（2022春·上海徐汇·九年级上海市徐汇中学校考期中）The ________ combines different techniques in the same painting. (art)
41．（2023·上海黄浦·统考一模）Our _________ in the government grows because people are living a better life. (confident)
42．（2023·上海静安·统考一模）A good detective never makes his ________ before he has got enough proofs. (decide)
43．（2023·上海闵行·统考一模）A wide ________ of activities in the camp will attract more students this coming holidays. (various)
44．（2022秋·上海长宁·九年级上海市新泾中学校考期中）The article tells us that sometimes money doesn’t bring ________ to us. （happy）
45．（2022春·上海金山·九年级校考期中）A few students made a ____________ about the poor food. (complain)
46．（2022春·上海徐汇·九年级统考期中）Modern new ________ can calculate quite fast and seldom make mistakes. (calculate)
47．（2023·上海闵行·统考一模）There is enough ________ for people to keep valuable things in the bank. (safe)
48．（2022春·上海黄浦·九年级上海外国语大学附属大境初级中学校考期中）Simon is measuring the __________ of his desk to see if it will fit the new study. (long)
49．（2022春·上海浦东新·九年级上海市进才中学校考期中）All of us in this company like him because of his _________. (honest)
50．（2022秋·上海浦东新·九年级上海市实验学校校考期末）Now comic strips have a strong ________ on children. (affect)
51．（2022秋·九年级单元测试）This was all the ________ I needed and he admitted that he was guilty.(prove)
52．（2022秋·上海徐汇·九年级上海市徐汇中学校考期中）There are a number of ________ about the service of the hotel. (complain)
