2023届高三英语二轮复习每日阅读打卡 DAY 25 （选自NewScientist）（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2023届高三英语二轮复习每日阅读打卡 DAY 25 （选自NewScientist）（含答案） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-04-12 09:59:37 | ||
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每日阅读打卡 DAY 25 Science专题（选自NewScientist）
The thalamus is a structure in the center of the brain that relays information from the senses. Recent research has found that it may also be responsible for sorting memories before they are stored long term. Previously, the thalamus had been largely overlooked in memory processing research. Neuroscientists have mostly focused on the hippocampus - the region identified as critical for forming new memories - and the cortex, where long-term memories are stored.
A study conducted by Priya Rajasethupathy and her colleagues at the Rockefeller University in New York studied the brain activity of dozens of mice navigating a virtual maze. When the mice's thalamus was stimulated while learning the maze, they were able to recall the routes they learned weeks later, by which point they would ordinarily have forgotten.
To watch memories being formed in real-time, the researchers used a new imaging technology that allowed them to see the electrical activity of individual neurons in the hippocampus, thalamus, and cortex simultaneously. They combined brain imaging with a virtual reality screen, a Styrofoam ball, and a sugar-water reward system.
By running atop the rotating Styrofoam ball, the mice could navigate the virtual maze to access three different real-world outcomes. At the end of the maze training, the mice had more activity in their thalamus, suggesting to the researchers that the region may be playing an important role in memory consolidation.
After three weeks, the researchers tested the rodents' memory while either stimulating or curbing the function of the thalamus using a technique called optogenetics. Mice that received a thalamus boost were able to recall memories weeks later that would have otherwise been forgotten, like the path to a meager few drops of sugar water. Mice that had their thalamus suppressed could learn and recall routes in the short term but could not form long-term memories.
Because mice are used as model organisms to illuminate characteristics often shared across mammals, this memory pathway could hold true for humans, too. "This study only looks at mice at the moment, but it is definitely interesting and will undoubtedly prompt much interest in the [thalamus] of humans in relation to memory," says Dorothy Tse at Edge Hill University in the UK.
文章主旨：
最近的研究已经确定丘脑在记忆巩固和长期记忆存储中起着重要作用，纽约洛克菲勒大学的Priya Rajasethupathy和她的同事进行的一项研究使用虚拟迷宫和大脑成像技术进一步调查了这一点。
1. What is the thalamus responsible for, according to recent research
A. Storing long-term memories.
B. Forming new memories.
C. Relaying information from the senses.
D. None of the above.
Correct answer: C.
2. What did the researchers at the Rockefeller University study
A. The brain activity of dozens of humans navigating a virtual maze.
B. The brain activity of dozens of mice navigating a virtual maze.
C. The brain activity of dozens of humans navigating a real-life maze.
D. The brain activity of dozens of mice navigating a real-life maze.
Correct answer: B.
3. What technology did the researchers use to see the electrical activity of individual neurons
A. X-ray imaging.
B. MRI imaging.
C. CT imaging.
D. A new imaging technology.
Correct answer: D.
4. What method did the researchers use to stimulate or curb the function of the thalamus
A. Optogenetics.
B. Electroconvulsive therapy.
C. Chemotherapy.
D. Acupuncture.
Correct answer: A.
5. What did the researchers find when they tested mice's memory after three weeks
A. Mice that received a thalamus boost were unable to recall memories weeks later.
B. Mice that had their thalamus suppressed could form long-term memories.
C. Mice that received a thalamus boost were able to recall memories weeks later.
D. Mice that had their thalamus suppressed could not learn and recall routes in the short term.
Correct answer: C.
Fatal drug overdoses among older adults in the US have quadrupled over the past two decades, indicating that the problem isn’t only affecting young people.
Drug overdose deaths have steadily increased in the US since 1999, largely due to the proliferation of prescription and illicit opioids like morphine, oxycodone and fentanyl.
“There’s been a lot of focus on overdose among younger people,” says Chelsea Shover at the University of California, Los Angeles. “We wanted to understand to what degree is that happening among older adults.”
She and her colleagues collected data on overdose deaths in adults 65 years and older from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s WONDER database. The database tracks every fatality recorded in the country, including the person’s age, race, gender and cause of death.
The researchers found that between 2002 and 2021, rates of fatal overdoses quadrupled among older adults. In 2002, three out of every 100,000 adults 65 years and older in the US died from a drug overdose. In 2021, that number increased to 12 out of every 100,000. Rates were highest among non-Hispanic Black people and Native Americans, though Asian and non-Hispanic white people had higher rates of intentional overdose deaths. For reference, 62 out of every 100,000 adults between 35 and 44 years old in the US died from drug overdose in 2021.
Most fatal drug overdoses among older adults in 2021 involved illicit drugs, but 37 per cent involved prescription medications. Opioids, including prescription opioids, played a role in 57 per cent of overdose deaths.
1. What is the main cause of drug overdose deaths in the US
A. Prescription and illicit opioids
B. Alcohol
C. Marijuana
D. Cocaine
Answer: A
Has the rate of fatal overdoses among older adults in the US increased or decreased over the past two decades
A. Decreased
B. Stayed the same
C. Increased
D. Fluctuated
Answer: C
Which group had the highest rates of fatal overdoses among older adults
A. Non-Hispanic white people
B. Non-Hispanic Black people and Native Americans
C. Asian people
D. Hispanic people
Answer: B
What percentage of fatal drug overdoses among older adults in 2021 involved prescription medications
A. 10%
B. 25%
C. 37%
D. 50%
Answer: C
What percentage of overdose deaths involved opioids, including prescription opioids
A. 27%
B. 37%
C. 47%
D. 57%
Answer: D
The thalamus is a structure in the center of the brain that relays information from the senses. Recent research has found that it may also be responsible for sorting memories before they are stored long term. Previously, the thalamus had been largely overlooked in memory processing research. Neuroscientists have mostly focused on the hippocampus - the region identified as critical for forming new memories - and the cortex, where long-term memories are stored.
A study conducted by Priya Rajasethupathy and her colleagues at the Rockefeller University in New York studied the brain activity of dozens of mice navigating a virtual maze. When the mice's thalamus was stimulated while learning the maze, they were able to recall the routes they learned weeks later, by which point they would ordinarily have forgotten.
To watch memories being formed in real-time, the researchers used a new imaging technology that allowed them to see the electrical activity of individual neurons in the hippocampus, thalamus, and cortex simultaneously. They combined brain imaging with a virtual reality screen, a Styrofoam ball, and a sugar-water reward system.
By running atop the rotating Styrofoam ball, the mice could navigate the virtual maze to access three different real-world outcomes. At the end of the maze training, the mice had more activity in their thalamus, suggesting to the researchers that the region may be playing an important role in memory consolidation.
After three weeks, the researchers tested the rodents' memory while either stimulating or curbing the function of the thalamus using a technique called optogenetics. Mice that received a thalamus boost were able to recall memories weeks later that would have otherwise been forgotten, like the path to a meager few drops of sugar water. Mice that had their thalamus suppressed could learn and recall routes in the short term but could not form long-term memories.
Because mice are used as model organisms to illuminate characteristics often shared across mammals, this memory pathway could hold true for humans, too. "This study only looks at mice at the moment, but it is definitely interesting and will undoubtedly prompt much interest in the [thalamus] of humans in relation to memory," says Dorothy Tse at Edge Hill University in the UK.
文章主旨：
最近的研究已经确定丘脑在记忆巩固和长期记忆存储中起着重要作用，纽约洛克菲勒大学的Priya Rajasethupathy和她的同事进行的一项研究使用虚拟迷宫和大脑成像技术进一步调查了这一点。
1. What is the thalamus responsible for, according to recent research
A. Storing long-term memories.
B. Forming new memories.
C. Relaying information from the senses.
D. None of the above.
Correct answer: C.
2. What did the researchers at the Rockefeller University study
A. The brain activity of dozens of humans navigating a virtual maze.
B. The brain activity of dozens of mice navigating a virtual maze.
C. The brain activity of dozens of humans navigating a real-life maze.
D. The brain activity of dozens of mice navigating a real-life maze.
Correct answer: B.
3. What technology did the researchers use to see the electrical activity of individual neurons
A. X-ray imaging.
B. MRI imaging.
C. CT imaging.
D. A new imaging technology.
Correct answer: D.
4. What method did the researchers use to stimulate or curb the function of the thalamus
A. Optogenetics.
B. Electroconvulsive therapy.
C. Chemotherapy.
D. Acupuncture.
Correct answer: A.
5. What did the researchers find when they tested mice's memory after three weeks
A. Mice that received a thalamus boost were unable to recall memories weeks later.
B. Mice that had their thalamus suppressed could form long-term memories.
C. Mice that received a thalamus boost were able to recall memories weeks later.
D. Mice that had their thalamus suppressed could not learn and recall routes in the short term.
Correct answer: C.
Fatal drug overdoses among older adults in the US have quadrupled over the past two decades, indicating that the problem isn’t only affecting young people.
Drug overdose deaths have steadily increased in the US since 1999, largely due to the proliferation of prescription and illicit opioids like morphine, oxycodone and fentanyl.
“There’s been a lot of focus on overdose among younger people,” says Chelsea Shover at the University of California, Los Angeles. “We wanted to understand to what degree is that happening among older adults.”
She and her colleagues collected data on overdose deaths in adults 65 years and older from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s WONDER database. The database tracks every fatality recorded in the country, including the person’s age, race, gender and cause of death.
The researchers found that between 2002 and 2021, rates of fatal overdoses quadrupled among older adults. In 2002, three out of every 100,000 adults 65 years and older in the US died from a drug overdose. In 2021, that number increased to 12 out of every 100,000. Rates were highest among non-Hispanic Black people and Native Americans, though Asian and non-Hispanic white people had higher rates of intentional overdose deaths. For reference, 62 out of every 100,000 adults between 35 and 44 years old in the US died from drug overdose in 2021.
Most fatal drug overdoses among older adults in 2021 involved illicit drugs, but 37 per cent involved prescription medications. Opioids, including prescription opioids, played a role in 57 per cent of overdose deaths.
1. What is the main cause of drug overdose deaths in the US
A. Prescription and illicit opioids
B. Alcohol
C. Marijuana
D. Cocaine
Answer: A
Has the rate of fatal overdoses among older adults in the US increased or decreased over the past two decades
A. Decreased
B. Stayed the same
C. Increased
D. Fluctuated
Answer: C
Which group had the highest rates of fatal overdoses among older adults
A. Non-Hispanic white people
B. Non-Hispanic Black people and Native Americans
C. Asian people
D. Hispanic people
Answer: B
What percentage of fatal drug overdoses among older adults in 2021 involved prescription medications
A. 10%
B. 25%
C. 37%
D. 50%
Answer: C
What percentage of overdose deaths involved opioids, including prescription opioids
A. 27%
B. 37%
C. 47%
D. 57%
Answer: D