人教版（2019）必修 第一册Unit 3 Sports and Fitness 综合测试（有解析）
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Unit 3 Sports and Fitness 综合测试
一、阅读理解
If you always sit indoors for too long, putting on weight may become a trouble. Tired of all that fat If so, these sports can help you burn the most calories.
Running
“Running is one of the best caloric burners out there,” qualified personal trainer Daniel Saltos says. An average person can burn anywhere from 500 to 1000 calories in one hour of running. “Speed, pace, and tolerance are all factors that can impact this range. But running uses every muscle group in the body, allowing you to burn more calories.”
Swimming
“Swimming is a workout that produces the lowest impact on body while it still can burn 500 to 600 calories in just 30 minutes,” Saltos says. Swimming also improves heart health and increases strength—all great reasons for playing in the water.
Boxing
Not only is boxing a great way to release energy, but it also helps improve balance, builds up tolerance and strengthens the upper body and core. “Boxing helps you get a good calorie burn, too, with the average person burning up 400 to 800 calories in an hour session,” Saltos says.
Rowing
The pushing and pulling motion of rowing machines targets multiple muscle groups including the arms, core, and back, helping you to burn more calories. “An hour of rowing will burn 400 to 600 calories on average,” Saltos says.
1．Which sport can burn the most calories per hour
A．Boxing. B．Running.
C．Swimming. D．Rowing.
2．What is the advantage of swimming according to the text
A．It enhances balance. B．It improves tolerance.
C．It produces low impact. D．It builds muscle groups.
3．Who is the text intended for
A．Great athletes. B．Fitness experts.
C．Sports reporters. D．Overweight persons.
Indian Army soldier Anandan Gunasekaran lost his left leg in a mine explosion in 2008. But that didn’t stop him from pursuing his dream of making it big as an athlete.
With an artificial leg, Gunasekaran made himself and the country proud by bagging three gold medals at the Military World Games in China in October 2019.
After he lost his leg in 2008, he didn’t inform his family. Then, half a year later, he landed in his hometown with an artificial leg and his family was in shock. “They said that I should quit my Army job and stay at home and take care of the farm,” he says. But he told them that he had just lost his leg, not his ambition to run faster than ever before and bring honor to his unit and the Army.
“Mind is the biggest thing in your body. You shouldn’t lose it. If you are determined, you can do anything. I am one example of that,” says Gunasekaran.
As an athlete since his teenage years, Gunasekaran says that he got a “new life” after he got the blade (刀锋) that he could run with confidence. “I started training as I used to before my leg was blown off, but I was more determined to do better as I knew that there would be many who would doubt my ability,” he says.
After the military games in China, this blade runner now is nursing bigger dreams. He wants to win medals at the Tokyo Paralympics in 2020 and bring honor to his country.
He has one more hurdle to cross before he can make it to the Tokyo Paralympics. “I have to participate in the trials and win there to make it to the Paralympics,” he says. He is already training with that goal in mind. “My job is to work hard. I will do that.”
4．What was Gunasekaran’s dream after losing one leg
A．Staying in the army. B．Taking care of the farm.
C．Being a great athlete. D．Having an artificial leg.
5．Why was Gunasekaran more determined to do better
A．To prove himself. B．To make a living.
C．To win himself honor. D．To defeat his competitor.
6．How can Gunasekaran make it to the Tokyo Paralympics
A．By sharpening his blade. B．By winning the trials.
C．By tying more hurdles. D．By training professionally.
7．What does the underlined word “hurdle” probably mean in the last paragraph
A．Difficulty. B．Race. C．Jump. D．Achievement.
Teenagers’ fitness is now a major concern, to which physical exercise is very important. It reduces stress and improves fitness. Exercise makes your body strong, and helps you to keep the right body weight. Sports scientist Dr. Helen Lopez offers the following advice to teenagers: “First, you need to find out your present level of fitness. Then you can design a programme that will help you become healthier. ”
Dr. Lopez points out that there are three levels of fitness that need a change of lifestyle. “Overweight” means that the person gets very little exercise and often has a serious weight problem. “Inactive” means that the person does not join in many physical activities, but is not seriously overweight. “Active” refers to people who take part in sports and other physical activities, but do not have a high fitness level.
According to Dr. Lopez, overweight teenagers should keep active to keep healthy. “Ride a bike, play volleyball or basketball for a while, and go for a twenty-minute walk each day. All these will help to burn calories.” Inactive teenagers should do similar activities, but add some bending and stretching exercises, such as push-ups and sit-ups, starting with twenty of each a day. “Inactive people can take a little more exercise than overweight people because their bodies are stronger,” said Dr. Lopez. The same principle applies to active teenagers.
Dr. Lopez suggests one hour a week or more on running and other forms of intensive exercise, together with fifteen minutes a day spent on stretching and bending activities. “These are really important in order to prevent injuries,” Dr. Lopez said. Some weight-training and other body-strengthening exercises could also be planned in the programme in order to increase the person’s strength.
8．Which of the following statements is NOT the reason why physical exercise is important
A．It can make the teenagers grow taller. B．It can help teenagers become healthier.
C．It can help to burn up calories. D．It can increase teenagers’ strength.
9．What can we learn from the passage
A．Active people always have a high fitness level.
B．Overweight people always take more exercise.
C．Inactive teenagers are not seriously overweight.
D．Keeping fit means changing teenagers’ lifestyle.
10．In order to prevent injuries, you should do some ________ exercises.
A．walking B．stretching and bending C．riding D．weight-training
11．What is the best title for the passage
A．Doing exercises B．Teenagers’ Fitness C．Different Lifestyles D．Overweight Teenagers
二、七选五
When it comes to summer, most of us think of outdoor fun. So it seems like we should naturally lose weight over the summer. In reality, summer isn’t all beach volleyball and water sports. Therefore, we can gain weight easily in the summer. ____12____ Here are four ways to beat summer weight gain.
____13____ When we don’t have a plan, it’s easy to spend summer moving from the couch to the computer, with regular stops at the fridge. Avoid this by aiming for a specific goal, like volunteering, mastering a new skill, or working at a job. Just be sure to plan for some downtime so you can relax a little!
Stay busy. When we’re bored, it’s easy to fall into a trap of doing nothing and then feeling low on energy. In addition to helping you avoid the cookie jar, filling your days with something to do can give you a sense of accomplishment. ____14____ .
Beat the heat. Don’t let summer heat put your exercise plans on hold. ____15____ If a gym isn’t your scene, try bowling or an indoor climbing wall. If you love being outdoors, try joining a local pool or move a regular run or soccer game to early morning or evening.
____16____ With school out, we lose our daily routines. If you don’t have a specific job or an activity to get up for, it’s easy to sleep late, watch too much TV, and snack more than usual. Make sure your summer days have some structure — like getting up at the same time each day.
A．Move your workout indoors.
B．If we know what to look out for, however, it’s easy to avoid this problem.
C．Relax by walking outside.
D．That’s especially true if a dream summer job falls through.
E．We usually stay at home in the summer.
F．Stick to your schedule.
G．Get going with goals.
三、完形填空
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommends that adults do at least 150 minutes of moderate to higher-intensity physical activity each week, and it should be in ____17____ of at least 10 minutes each for substantial health benefits, which has led many to ____18____ about the inefficacy of brief activities. Why people take two minutes going up the stairs if more than 10 minutes is ____19____ to make it worthwhile for health
But now a study suggests something else: go ahead, take the stairs! Every minute ____20____ toward reaching the 150-minute goal, whether it’s part of a 10-minute period of activity or not. The purpose of the study conducted at the University of Utah was to see if moderate to vigorous physical activity in less than 10-minute episodes was ____21____ to weight outcomes. The study, published in the American Journal of Health Promotion, found that each minute spent ____22____ in some kind of moderate to vigorous physical activity — be it walking the dog, vacuuming, or taking the stairs — was associated with lower BMI and lower weight.
“The idea here is, you can do a minute at a time and that’s not a problem,” Jessie Fan, lead author of the new paper and a family and consumer studies professor at the University of Utah, told Today.
For the women who participated in the study, each minute spent in higher-intensity activity was associated with a 0.7 drop in body mass index (BMI). For a 5'4" woman, that means a ____23____ of nearly half a pound, which may not sound like much, but that’s just for one minute. Little by little, they add up.
The authors concluded that the current 10-minute ____24____ guideline was based on health benefits other than weight outcomes and that their findings showed that for weight gain ____25____, accumulated higher-intensity physical activity bouts of less than 10 minutes are quite ____26____, supporting the message that “every minute counts.”
When it comes to your brain, it also rings true. An April 2019 study in Jama Network Open looked at how exercise affected the brain, and even short bursts ____27____ 22% greater brain volume.
“Our study results don’t ____28____ moderate or vigorous physical activity as being important for healthy ageing. We are just adding to the science, ____29____ that light-intensity physical activity might be important too, especially for the brain,” Dr. Nicole Spartarno, first author of the study from Boston University said.
“I think it’s easier for people to ____30____ that message,” Fan says. “Otherwise, if they don’t have a block of time they might be ____31____, and they don’t do anything.”
17．A．figures B．bursts C．turns D．cheers
18．A．wonder B．suppose C．believe D．wish
19．A．alerted B．subjected C．required D．committed
20．A．refers B．impresses C．reveals D．matters
21．A．opposed B．related C．switched D．exposed
22．A．devoting B．adapting C．exposing D．engaging
23．A．loss B．gain C．accumulation D．push
24．A．possibility B．activity C．capacity D．responsibility
25．A．damaging B．protection C．prevention D．hurting
26．A．infectious B．comfortable C．harmful D．beneficial
27．A．resulted in B．arose from C．came out D．gave in
28．A．exaggerate B．discount C．describe D．regard
29．A．addressing B．referring C．suggesting D．mentioning
30．A．process B．select C．store D．ignore
31．A．deprived B．disappointed C．depressed D．discouraged
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When skateboarding (滑板运动) started in 1960s, skateboards ____32____(make) of wood and had clay wheels. Since the wheels didn’t hold the concrete firmly, the riders could do very few tricks with them. In 1973, a new wheel made of a plastic ____33____(call) urethane (氨基甲酸乙酯) was invented in California. A skateboard ____34____ these wheels moved very quickly and it also held the concrete well. During the next few years, skateboards were ____35____(far) improved. The urethane was perfected, and the boards were shaped better. These skateboards gave new life to skateboarding.
Although skateboarding was easy ____36____(ride), the streets weren’t safe for it. As a result, skateboard parks sprang up. The first parks ____37____(appear) in California and Florida. But at first there were only outdoor parks ____38____ had concrete slopes with small curves (曲面). The more exciting parks appeared which had steep downward slopes, banked curves ____39____ vertical walls. Today there are both indoor and outdoor parks where the riders must wear helmets as well as knee and elbow pads, which can avoid serious injury when ____40____ rider falls down. Whenever they ride, people should always use the safety _____41_____(equip). Many accidents happen during the first week of riding, so it’s of vital importance to learn how to fall safely.
五、根据首字母填写单词
42．Ordinary people could p______ to be rich and important, while famous people could have romantic adventures in secret.（根据首字母单词拼写）
43．Life is like a long race where we c____________ with others to go beyond ourselves. （根据首字母填空）
44．Athletes from around the world are looking forward to c______ for gold medals in the coming Winter Olympics. (根据首字母单词拼写)
六、根据汉语意思填写单词
45．He_______（作弊）in the exam and was finally found out and punished. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
46．I was lucky to escape with minor ________(受伤) to my legs and arms in the car accident. (根据所给汉语提示填写单词)
47．—You should apologize to your classmate.
—No way. It is not my ________ (错误).
七、根据中英文提示填写单词
48．Some people prefer a ____________ (素食), while others prefer a meat－based diet. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
49．I’ve always looked up to Bill for his courage and d______ (决心). (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
八、根据所给汉语提示填空
50．I had no idea a letter could _____________ (产生如此的影响，起这样的作用)！(根据汉语提示完成句子)
51．Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories _____________(而不是) focusing on Chinese traditions.
52．For those of you ________________ (拥有积极心态的), ________________ (机遇在于每一次挑战). (根据汉语提示完成句子)
九、句型转换
53．Let’s talk about your son now, ______ (用适当的词填空)
54．Miss Chen will never forget her first visit to the Great Wall，________ (附加疑问句)
十、汉译英（整句）
55．不管遇到什么困难,你都不要灰心。(whatever) (汉译英)
56．尽管坐飞机比坐车和乘船都贵，但是为了节省时间我还是坐飞机去了那里。(even if/ even though即使；尽管)(汉译英)
57．正如亚里士多德所说，没有人会选择没有朋友的生活，哪怕他拥有其他所有的财富。（汉译英）
十一、汉译英（单词/短语）
汉译英
58．__________n.健康；健壮；适合
59．__________n.足球
60．__________n.体育场；运动场
61．__________n.拳击（运动）
62．__________n.羽毛球运动
63．__________n.马拉松赛跑
64．__________n.比赛项目；大事；公开活动
65．__________跟随；到达；进步；赶快
66．__________adj.滑雪的
67．__________vt.主办；主持
十二、读写任务
68．请阅读下面的文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章
Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise, whether at school or at other places, tend to have higher scores on standardized tests. In a review of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic performance investigators found that the more children moved the better their grades were in school, particularly in the basic subjects of math, English and reading.
The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes for senior three students should be reduced or even cancelled. The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away study time. With standardized test scores in the US dropping in recent years, some administrators believe students need to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground. But as these findings show, exercise and academics may not be consequently exclusive. Physical activity can improve blood flow to the brain, memory, attention and creativity, which are essential to learning.
【写作内容】
1. 用约3个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；
2. 谈谈你是否赞成“高三学生应该减少体育课时间”，并用2-3个理山或论据支撑你的观点。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
十三、完成句子
69．史密斯先生认为自己是个失败者。
Mr. Smith thought of himself ______ ______ ______.
70．Peter knew little about what happened yesterday, ______________ (根据句意完成反义疑问句)
试卷第1页，共3页
试卷第1页，共3页
参考答案：
1．C 2．C 3．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍一些可以帮助燃烧最多卡路里的运动。
1．细节理解题。根据Running中“An average person can burn anywhere from 500 to 1000 calories in one hour of running.(一个普通人在一小时的跑步中可以消耗500到1000卡路里的热量。)”，Swimming中“Swimming is a workout that produces the lowest impact on body while it still can burn 500 to 600 calories in just 30 minutes(游泳是一种对身体影响最小的运动，但在短短30分钟内仍然可以燃烧500到600卡路里)”，Boxing中“Boxing helps you get a good calorie burn, too, with the average person burning up 400 to 800 calories in an hour session (拳击也能帮助你更好地燃烧卡路里，一般人一小时能燃烧400到800卡路里。)” Rowing中“An hour of rowing will burn 400 to 600 calories on average (一小时的划船平均可以燃烧400到600卡路里。)”由此可知，游泳每小时燃烧的卡路里最多，故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据Swimming中“Swimming is a workout that produces the lowest impact on body(游泳是一种对身体影响最小的锻炼方式)”可知游泳产生的影响很小。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段“If you always sit indoors for too long, putting on weight may become a trouble. Tired of all that fat If so, these sports can help you burn the most calories.(如果你总是在室内坐太久，体重增加可能会成为一个麻烦。厌倦了所有的脂肪 如果是这样的话，这些运动可以帮助你燃烧最多的卡路里。)”可知这篇文章是写给肥胖者的，故选D。
4．C 5．A 6．B 7．A
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了印度士兵Gunasekaran被地雷炸断左腿后并未失去运动员的梦想，坚持训练，终于在中国举行的世界军人运动会上夺得三枚金牌，他的下一个愿望是能参加2020年的东京残奥会。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“But that didn’t stop him from pursuing his dream of making it big as an athlete.(但这并没有阻止他追求自己的梦想，成为一名伟大的运动员)”可知，他想成为一个伟大的运动员。故选C。
5．推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的“but I was more determined to do better as I knew that there would be many who would doubt my ability.(但我更下定决心要做得更好，因为我知道会有很多人怀疑我的能力)”可知，他更加坚定地要做得更好是因为许多人对他的能力表示怀疑。由此判断，他这样做是为了证明自己的能力。故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“I have to participate in the trials and win there to make it to the Paralympics.(我必须参加选拔赛，在那里获胜才能参加残奥会)”可知，只有参加选拔赛并获胜才可参加东京残奥会。故选B。
7．词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段中的“He has one more hurdle to cross before he can make it to the Tokyo Paralympics.(在参加东京残奥会之前，他还有一个障碍要跨越)”可知，为了参加东京残奥会，他克服了不止一个困难。由此推测，hurdle意为“困难，障碍”。故选A。
8．A 9．C 10．B 11．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章就如何运动来提高青少年的健康提出了一些建议。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Teenagers’ fitness is now a major concern, to which physical exercise is very important. It reduces stress and improves fitness. Exercise makes your body strong, and helps you to keep the right body weight(青少年的健康现在是一个主要问题，体育锻炼对其非常重要。它能减轻压力，提高健康水平。运动使你的身体强壮，并帮助你保持正确的体重)”和第三段中的“All these will help to burn calories(这些有助于燃烧卡路里)”可知，帮助青少年长高并不是文章所提到的运动的好处。故选A。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段中的““Inactive” means that the person does not join in many physical activities, but is not seriously overweight(“不活跃”是指这个人不参加很多体育活动，但没有严重超重)”可知，不活跃的青少年没有严重超重。故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Dr. Lopez suggests one hour a week or more on running and other forms of intensive exercise, together with fifteen minutes a day spent on stretching and bending activities. “These are really important in order to prevent injuries,” Dr. Lopez said(洛佩兹建议每周花一个小时或更多的时间进行跑步和其他形式的高强度运动，同时每天花15分钟做伸展和弯曲运动。“为了防止受伤，这些是非常重要的，”洛佩兹博士说)”可知，伸展和弯曲运动有助于防止受伤。故选B。
11．主旨大意题。第一段是文章的中心段。第一段第一句“Teenagers’ fitness is now a major concern, to which physical exercise is very important. It reduces stress and improves fitness(青少年的健康现在是一个主要的问题，体育锻炼是非常重要的)”是中心句，下文就不同健康问题的青少年提出了一些具体的运动建议。因此文章都是围绕“青少年健康”展开的。故选B。
12．B 13．G 14．D 15．A 16．F
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就暑假如何避免增重这一问题提了四条建议。
12．上文“ Therefore, we can gain weight easily in the summer holiday. （因此，我们在暑假很容易增加体重）”说明了暑假易胖这一事实；下文“Here are four ways to beat summer weight gain.（下面是四种可以战胜暑假增重的方法）”提出应对这一问题的途径，所以小题1处要与前一句构成转折关系且承接下文。因此，B选项“If we know what to look out for, however, it’s easy to avoid this problem.（然而，如果我们知道要注意什么，就很容易避免这个问题）”符合上下文语境。故选B项。
13．由下文“Avoid this by aiming for a specific goal, like volunteering, mastering a new skill，or working at a job.（要避免这种情况，就要树立一个特定的目标，比如志愿服务，掌握一项新技能，或者工作）”可知，本段主要讲假期树立目标的必要性，也就是作为本段小标题的小题2所要说明的内容。所以，G选项“Get going with goals.（树立目标）”符合上下文。故选G项。
14．结合该段小标题“Stay busy.（保持忙碌）”和上文“ In addition to helping you avoid the cookie jar, filling your days with stuff to do can give you a sense of accomplishment.（除了帮助你避开饼干罐外，把你的一天安排的满满的会给你一种成就感）”可知，小题3需承接上文，进一步说明忙碌起来的必要性。所以，D选项“That’s especially true if a dream summer job falls through.（如果你梦寐以求的暑期工作落空时，这尤其适用）”符合句意；同时选项中的代词That指代上文“filling your days with something”，承接上文。故选D项。
15．由下文“If a gym isn’t your scene, try bowling or an indoor climbing wall.（如果健身房不适合你，试试保龄球或室内攀岩墙）”可知，小题4要总说把锻炼搬到室内进行，从而与空后的具体分说怎样在室内进行锻炼构成上下文衔接。所以，A选项“Move your workout indoors.（把你的锻炼搬到室内进行）”符合上下文。故选A项。
16．由该段总结性的最后一句“Make sure your summer days have some structure—like getting up at the same time each day. （确保你的夏天有一些规律——比如每天在同一时间起床）”可知，本段主要讲假期要坚持自己的计划，坚持良好的生活习惯，所以作为本段小标题的小题5需概况其表达的内容。所以，F选项“Stick to your schedule.（坚持你的计划）”符合上下文。故选F项。
17．B 18．A 19．C 20．D 21．B 22．D 23．A 24．B 25．C 26．D 27．A 28．B 29．C 30．A 31．D
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。美国卫生与公众服务部建议成年人每周至少进行150分钟的中强度至高强度的体育活动，并且每次应该有至少10分钟的爆发性运动，以获得实质性的健康益处，这导致许多人怀疑短暂运动的无效性，因此可能放弃运动。犹他大学进行的一项研究表明，目前的10分钟运动指南是基于健康益处而不是体重结果，要预防体重增加，累计的少于10分钟的高强度运动爆发也是非常有效的，每分钟的运动都很重要。
17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：美国卫生与公众服务部建议成年人每周至少进行150分钟的中强度至高强度的体育活动，并且每次应该有至少10分钟的爆发性运动，以获得实质性的健康益处，这导致许多人怀疑短暂运动的无效性。A. figures数字；B. bursts爆发；C. turns转动；D. cheers欢呼。根据下文“When it comes to your brain, it also rings true. An April 2019 study in Jama Network Open looked at how exercise affected the brain, and even short bursts 11 22% greater brain volume. (2019年4月发表在《Jama Network Open》上的一项研究研究了运动如何影响大脑，即使是短暂的爆发也能使脑容量增加22%。)”可知，bursts为复现词，意为“爆发”。故选B项。
18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：美国卫生与公众服务部建议成年人每周至少进行150分钟的中度至高强度的身体活动，并且每次应该有至少10分钟的爆发性运动，以获得实质性的健康益处，这导致许多人怀疑短暂运动的无效性。A. wonder琢磨，疑惑；B. suppose假设；C. believe相信；D. wish愿望。根据下文“Why people take two minutes going up the stairs if more than 10 minutes is 3 to make it worthwhile for health (如果爬楼梯这项运动需要花10多分钟时间才有助于健康，为什么人们花两分钟上楼梯？)”可知，对于“人们花两分钟上楼梯”这个短暂的体能运动，人们对其效果产生了质疑？此处考查动词短语wonder about，意为“对……感到奇怪；对……感到疑惑”。故选A项。
19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果爬楼梯这项运动需要花10多分钟时间才有助于健康，为什么人们花两分钟上楼梯？A. alerted使警觉；B. subjected使经受；C. required要求；D. committed投入。根据下文“The study, published in the American Journal of Health Promotion, found that each minute spent 6 in some kind of moderate to vigorous physical activity — be it walking the dog, vacuuming, or taking the stairs — was associated with lower BMI and lower weight. (这项发表在《美国健康促进杂志》上的研究发现，从事某种中强度到高强度的体育活动的每一分钟——遛狗、吸尘或走楼梯——都与较低的BMI和较低的体重有关。)”可知，爬楼梯属于中强度到高强度的体育活动；上文“and it should be in 1 of at least 10 minutes each for substantial health benefits, (并且每次应该有至少10分钟的爆发性运动，以获得实质性的健康益处)”可知，爬楼梯这种强度的运动，“需要（required）”进行10多分钟才有效果，有助于健康。故选C项。
20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对达成150分钟的目标来说，每一分钟都很重要，无论它是否是属于那个10分钟（爆发运动）时间的一部分。A. refers提及；B. impresses留下深刻印象；C. reveals揭示；D. matters要紧，有关系。根据下文“The authors concluded that the current 10-minute 8 guideline was based on health benefits other than weight outcomes and that their findings showed that for weight gain 9 , accumulated higher-intensity physical activity bouts of less than 10 minutes are quite 10 , supporting the message that ‘every minute counts’. (作者的结论是，目前的10分钟运动指南是基于健康益处而不是体重结果，他们的研究结果表明，要预防体重增加，累计的少于10分钟的高强度运动爆发非常有效，这支持了“每分钟都很重要”的观点)”，此句中的every minute counts，此句为复现句。故选D项。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项在犹他大学进行的研究的目的是看看在少于10分钟的时间内进行中强度到高强度的体育活动是否与体重结果相关。A. opposed反对；B. related相关；C. switched开关；D. exposed暴露。根据下一句“The study, published in the American Journal of Health Promotion, found that each minute spent 6 in some kind of moderate to vigorous physical activity — be it walking the dog, vacuuming, or taking the stairs — was associated with lower BMI and lower weight. (这项发表在《美国健康促进杂志》上的研究发现，从事某种中强度到高强度的体育活动的每一分钟——遛狗、吸尘或走楼梯——都与较低的BMI和较低的体重有关。)”，其中的was associated with，与be related to意思相近。故选B项。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项发表在《美国健康促进杂志》上的研究发现，从事某种中强度到高强度的体育活动的每一分钟——遛狗、吸尘或走楼梯——都与较低的BMI和较低的体重有关。A. devoting奉献；B. adapting适应；C. exposing揭露；D. engaging参与。根据空后“in some kind of moderate to vigorous physical activity”，应用engaging，动词短语engage in...，意为“从事，参加”，其他三项应与to连用。故选D项。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于身高5英尺4英寸的女性来说，这意味着减掉了近半磅，听起来可能不多，但这只是一分钟。A. loss损失，减少；B. gain获得；C. accumulation累积；D. push推动。根据上文“The study, published in the American Journal of Health Promotion, found that each minute spent 6 in some kind of moderate to vigorous physical activity — be it walking the dog, vacuuming, or taking the stairs — was associated with lower BMI and lower weight. (这项发表在《美国健康促进杂志》上的研究发现，从事某种中强度到高强度的体育活动的每一分钟——遛狗、吸尘或走楼梯——都与较低的BMI和较低的体重有关。)”中的lower weight可知，运动有减体重效果，loss符合语境。故选A项。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作者得出结论：现行的10分钟运动指南是基于健康益处而不是体重结果，他们的研究结果表明，要预防体重增加，累计的少于10分钟的高强度运动爆发非常有效，这支持了“每分钟都很重要”的观点。A. possibility可能性；B. activity活动；C. capacity能力；D. responsibility责任。根据上文“The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommends that adults do at least 150 minutes of moderate to higher-intensity physical activity each week, and it should be in 1 of at least 10 minutes each for substantial health benefits,... (美国卫生与公众服务部建议成年人每周至少进行150分钟的中强度至高强度的体育活动，并且每次应该有至少10分钟的爆发性运动，以获得实质性的健康益处)”可知，文章提及的10分钟时间是指“体育活动（activity）”时间。故选B项。
25．考查动词和名词词义辨析。句意：作者的结论是，目前的10分钟运动指南是基于健康益处而不是体重结果，他们的研究结果表明，要预防体重增加，累计的少于10分钟的高强度运动爆发非常有效，这支持了“每分钟都很重要”的观点。A. damaging伤害；B. protection保护；C. prevention预防；D. hurting使疼痛。根据句中的weight outcomes，以及上文“The study, published in the American Journal of Health Promotion, found that each minute spent 6 in some kind of moderate to vigorous physical activity — be it walking the dog, vacuuming, or taking the stairs — was associated with lower BMI and lower weight. (这项发表在《美国健康促进杂志》上的研究发现，从事某种中强度到高强度的体育活动的每一分钟——遛狗、吸尘或走楼梯——都与较低的BMI和较低的体重有关。)”可知，研究关注的一个问题是：10分钟高强度运动与较低的体重有无关系，即能否减肥，退一步说，能否有“预防（prevention）”体重增加的功效。故选C项。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作者的结论是，目前的10分钟运动指南是基于健康益处而不是体重结果，他们的研究结果表明，要预防体重增加，累计的少于10分钟的高强度运动爆发非常有效，这支持了“每分钟都很重要”的观点。A. infectious感染性；B. comfortable舒适的； C. harmful有害的；D. beneficial有益的。根据后半句“supporting the message that ‘every minute counts.’”可知，每分钟都重要，说明高强度运动哪怕不满10分钟，也能对人“受益的（beneficial）”。故选D项。
27．考查动词短语辨析。句意：2019年4月发表在《Jama Network Open》上的一项研究研究了运动如何影响大脑，即使是短暂的爆发也能使脑容量增加22%。A. resulted in导致；B. arose from由……引起；C. came out出来；D. gave in屈服。根据上文“accumulated higher-intensity physical activity bouts of less than 10 minutes are quite 10 , supporting the message that “every minute counts. (累计的少于10分钟的高强度运动爆发非常有效，这支持了‘每分钟都很重要’的观点。)”可知，短暂的爆发式的运动还有益于大脑，能“导致（resulted in）”脑容量的增加。故选A项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的研究结果并没有低估中强度或高强度的体育活动对健康老龄的重要性。A. exaggerate夸大；B. discount认为……不重要，低估；C. describe描述；D. regard尊重。根据下文“We are just adding to the science, 13 that light-intensity physical activity might be important too, especially for the brain（我们正要（把它）加到这科学知识中，这表明轻度的体育活动可能也很重要，尤其是对大脑。)”可知，研究者发现轻度的体育活动“也很重要（important too）”，表明研究者认为中强度或高强度的体育活动跟轻度的体育活动的重要性是同等的，没有“低估（discount）”后两者。故选B项。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项研究的第一作者，波士顿大学的Nicole Spartarno博士说:“我们正要（把它）加到这科学知识中，这表明轻度的体育活动可能也很重要，尤其是对大脑。”A. addressing解决；B. referring提及；C. suggesting表明；D. mentioning提及。根据句中的“are just adding to the science”，研究者要把这次研究的发现加入到现行的运动科学中，这足以“表明（suggesting）”轻度体育活动对健康的重要性。故选C项。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：范说:“我认为人们更容易处理那个信息。”A. process审阅，处理；B. select选择； C. store存储；D. ignore忽略。根据上句“which has led many to 2 about the inefficacy of brief activities.（这导致许多人疑惑短暂体能活动是无效的)”，“their findings showed that for weight gain 9 , accumulated higher-intensity physical activity bouts of less than 10 minutes are quite 10 , supporting the message that ‘every minute counts.’ (他们的研究结果表明，要预防体重增加，累计的少于10分钟的高强度运动爆发非常有效，这支持了‘每分钟都很重要’的观点。)”，下文“Otherwise, if they don’t have a block of time they might be 15 , and they don’t do anything. (否则，如果他们没有一块时间（去锻炼），他们可能会感到心灰意冷，就什么运动都不做了。)”可知，人们会对他们的研究结果进行“处理（process）”分析，并以此来决定自己要不要锻炼。故选A项。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：否则，如果他们没有比较多而集中的时间，他们可能会气馁，然后就什么都不做。A. deprived丧失的；B. disappointed失望的；C. depressed抑郁的；D. discouraged心灰意冷的。根据第一段的“The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommends that adults do at least 150 minutes of moderate to higher-intensity physical activity each week, and it should be in 1 of at least 10 minutes each for substantial health benefits, which has led many to 2 about the inefficacy of brief activities. (美国卫生与公众服务部建议成年人每周至少进行150分钟的中强度至高强度的体育活动，并且每次应该有至少10分钟的爆发性运动，以获得实质性的健康益处，这导致许多人怀疑短暂运动的无效性。)”，以及“The authors concluded that the current 10-minute 8 guideline was based on health benefits other than weight outcomes and that their findings showed that for weight gain 9 , accumulated higher-intensity physical activity bouts of less than 10 minutes are quite 10 , supporting the message that “every minute counts.”(作者得出结论：现行的10分钟运动指南是基于健康益处而不是体重结果，他们的研究结果表明，要预防体重增加，累计的少于10分钟的高强度运动爆发非常有效，这支持了‘每分钟都很重要’的观点。)”可知，当权威部门只强调10分钟以上的中强度和高强度的体育运动有益健康时，而不告知大家其实少于10分钟的高强度锻炼也有益，每一分钟的锻炼都很重要，人们会因为自己无法抽出10分钟以上的时间段做锻炼，因“心灰意冷的（discouraged）”而放弃任何锻炼。故选D项。
32．were made 33．called 34．with 35．further 36．to ride 37．appeared 38．that##which 39．and 40．a 41．equipment
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了滑板运动的发展。
32．考查谓语动词。句意：滑板运动在20世纪60年代兴起的时候，滑板是用木头做的，有粘土轮子。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据前面的“in 1960s”可知，此处应用一般过去时，且与句子主语间为被动关系，be made of 意为“由……做成”，句子主语为名词复数。故填were made。
33．考查非谓语动词。句意：1973年，加州发明了一种新型车轮，由一种叫氨基甲酸乙酯的塑料制成。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，call与plastic之间为被动关系，且该动作已经发生，所以使用过去分词形式。故填called。
34．考查介词。句意：带有这些轮子的滑板移动得非常快，还能很好地支撑混凝土。分析句子结构可知，此处后为名词，且有修饰词these，无提示词，此处应为介词，结合句意可知，此处表示“有”应用介词with符合句意。故填with。
35．考查副词。句意：在接下来的几年里，滑板得到了进一步的改进。分析句子结构可知，此处为副词作状语修饰动词，根据句意可知，此处表示抽象意义的“进一步”，所以使用far的比较级further。故填further。
36．考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管玩滑板很容易，但街道对它来说并不安全。分析句子结构可知，此处为“主语+系动词+形容词+to do”句型，to do作状语，且与句子主语构成动宾关系，用主动形式表被动，该句中ride与主语skateboarding为动宾关系。故填to ride。
37．考查谓语动词。句意：第一批公园出现在加利福尼亚和佛罗里达。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据全文时态为一般过去时，根据时态一致原则，此处也应为一般过去时，且appear与句子主语为主动关系。故填appeared。
38．考查定语从句。句意：但一开始只有带有小曲线的混凝土斜坡的户外公园。分析句子结构可知，此处应为连词引导的定语从句，从句中缺少句子主语，先行词outdoor parks指物。故填that/which 。
39．考查连词。句意：更令人兴奋的公园出现了，有陡峭的斜坡，倾斜的曲线和垂直的墙壁。分析句子结构可知，此处应为并列连词连接三个并列名词短语，根据句意可知，此处应为and。故填and。
40．考查冠词。句意：如今，无论是室内公园还是室外公园，骑手都必须戴上头盔、护膝和护肘，这样可以避免骑手摔倒时受重伤。分析句子结构可知，可数名词单数前应有限定词，所以此处应为冠词，根据语境可知，此处泛指“一个滑滑板的人”，所以此处为不定冠词，且rider的发音是辅音音素开头。故填a。
41．考查名词。句意：无论何时骑行，人们都应该使用安全设备。分析句子结构可知，此处应为名词作宾语，equip的名词为equipment且不可数。故填equipment。
42．pretend##retend
【详解】考查动词。句意：普通人可以装成阔佬和要人，而名人也可以偷偷地体验浪漫的奇遇。根据句意以及首字母提示可知，普通人可以假装成阔佬和要人，所以本空需要动词pretend“假装”，前面有情态动词could，所以要用动词原形。故填pretend。
43．compete
【详解】考查动词。句意：生活就像一场长跑，我们和别人竞争，超越自己。compete with表示“与......竞争”， where we compete with others to go beyond ourselves是定语从句，从句的主语是we，主谓保持一致，谓语动词仍然用复数形式。故填compete。
44．competing##ompeting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：来自世界各地的运动员都期待着在即将到来的冬奥会上争夺金牌。根据首字母和句意可知填compete补全意思，另look forward to doing：期待做；故还需要用compete的动名词形式作宾语。故填competing。
45．cheated
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他在考试中作弊，最终被发现并受到惩罚。结合句意和提示词可知，cheat“欺骗，作弊”。根据后半句was found可知，使用一般过去时。故填cheated。
46．injuries
【详解】考查名词。句意：我在车祸中腿部和手臂受了轻伤，幸免于难。分析句子，空处作介词with的宾语，应用名词形式，根据汉语提示，空处应用injury，表示“伤口”，此时为可数名词，结合语意，表示腿部和手臂不止一处伤口，应用名词的复数形式。故填injuries。
47．fault##error##mistake
【详解】考查名词。句意：---你应该向你的同学道歉。--决不。这不是我的错。根据句意和汉语提示，应填名词fault，error，mistake，均表示“错误”，作表语，根据句意用单数，故填fault/error/mistake。
48．vegetarian diet
【详解】考查名词短语。句意：有些人更喜欢素食 而其他人则更喜欢以肉类为基础的饮食。根据汉语提示“素食”，以及句子结构可知此处应填名词短语vegetarian diet,前面有不定冠词a限定，应使用单数形式。故填vegetarian diet。
49．determination##etermination
【详解】考查名词。句意：我一直很敬佩比尔的勇气和决心。根据并列连词and前名词courage可知，用名词形式在句中作宾语。根据中英文提示及句意，故填determination。
50．make such a difference
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我不知道一封信会起到如此大的作用。短语make a difference意为“有影响，有关系，起作用”；“产生如此的影响，起这样的作用”表达为make such a difference，空前是情态动词could ，设空处用动词原形。故答案为make such a difference。
51．rather than
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：如今，很多中国人学习西方的风格和理论而不是中国的传统。根据汉语提示可知，“而不是”应用固定短语rather than，故填rather than。
52． with a positive mind opportunity lies in every challenge
【详解】考查短语和时态。句意：对于你们中有积极心态的人来说，机遇在于每一次挑战。表示“拥有积极心态的”可用介词短语with a positive mind作定语，“机遇”是opportunity，作主语，抽象概念，不可数，“在于”lie in，作谓语，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，且主语不可数，故用单数，“每一次挑战”为every chanllenge，作宾语。故填with a positive mind；opportunity lies in every challenge。
53．shall we
【详解】本题考查反义疑问句。句意：我们现在谈谈你儿子，好吗？Let’s表示说话人向对方提出建议，简短问句的主语用we表示，问句用shall we。故填shall we。
54．will she
【详解】考查反意疑问句。句意：陈女士永远不会忘记她第一次游览长城，是吗？反意疑问句中，陈述部分的主语为Miss Chen，附加问句应用相应的人称代词she作主语；陈述部分有never这样的否定词，附加问句应用肯定形式；句子为将来时，应用助动词will。故填will she。
55．Don’t lose heart whatever difficulties you meet.
【详解】考查让步状语从句、动词短语、名词。根据句意以及提示词可知，该句可为连词whatever“不管什么，无论什么”引导的让步状语从句，相当于no matter what。该句主句中，表示“不要灰心”应为动词短语Don’t lose heart；从句中，表示“困难”为复数名词difficulties；表示“遇到”为动词meet。故翻译为：Don’t lose heart whatever difficulties you meet。
56．Even if/ Even though flying is more expensive than land and sea travel, I went there by air to save time.
【详解】考查状语从句、非谓语动词、形容词、动词的时态。结合句意，从句为客观事实，故用一般现在时态，主句为“去了”表示发生过的事情，需要用一般过去时态；表示“尽管”为even if或even though引导让步状语从句，位于句首需要大写字母“E”；分析句子成分，“坐飞机”为从句主语，故需要用动名词的形式flying；表示“比……更贵”需要用形容词的比较级more expensive than；主句中“坐飞机”为“去那里”的手段、方法，故用by air表示交通方式；表示“为了节省时间”用to do不定式表目的。故翻译为Even if/ Even though flying is more expensive than land and sea travel, I went there by air to save time.
57．As Aristotle said, no one would choose to live without friends, even if he had all other goods.
【详解】考查固定短语。结合句意表示“正如亚里士多德所说”翻译为as Aristotle said；表示“没有人”应用no one，作主语；表示“选择没有朋友的生活”翻译为choose to live without friends，would后跟动词原形；表示“哪怕”应用even if；表示“他拥有其他所有的财富”翻译为he had all other goods。故翻译为As Aristotle said, no one would choose to live without friends, even if he had all other goods.
58．fitness 59．soccer 60．stadium 61．boxing 62．badminton 63．marathon 64．event 65．come along 66．ski 67．host
【解析】58．表示“健康；健壮；适合”应该使用名词fitness。故填fitness。
59．表示“足球”应该使用名词soccer。故填soccer。
60．表示“体育场；运动场”应该使用名词stadium。故填stadium。
61．表示“拳击（运动）”应该使用名词boxing。故填boxing。
62．表示“羽毛球运动”应该使用名词badminton。故填badminton。
63．表示“马拉松赛跑”应该使用名词marathon。故翻译为marathon。
64．表示“比赛项目；大事；公开活动”应该使用名词event。故填event。
65．表示“跟随；到达；进步；赶快”应该使用come along。故填come along。
66．表示“滑雪的”应该使用形容词ski。故填ski。
67．表示“主办；主持”应该使用动词host。故填host。
68．exercise，effect，academic performance
A study conducted in the Netherlands suggests physical exercise has a positive effect on children' s academic performance, which may cause a heated debate about whether to reduce or even can cell the physical education classes for senior three students. As to the debate, I hold the view that physical education classes should not be reduced let alone can celled for senior three students. For one thing, students need physical exercise after long periods of study to help them relax, which can relieve their study pressure and refresh their brains. For another thing, as the above researchers report, physical exercise can improve blood flow to the brain, memory, attention and creativity, which will improve students' academic performance in turn. Last but not least, taking up physical exercise regularly is of great benefit to students' physical health, which is vital for senior three students, many of whom lack outdoor physical exercise due to the heavy study load. To sum up, physical education classes benefit students physically, mentally and academically, which are worth the time and efforts invested in them.
【分析】这是一篇议论文，要求概述所给文章内容，并发表自己的观点。
【详解】根据提示信息可知，首先，先概述所给信息（约3个单词）；然后主要是谈谈你是否赞成“高三学生应该减少体育课时间”，说出你的几个理由（2-3个）或论据支撑你的观点。这是本文的写作思路。另外注意时态用一般现在时，表述要明确，并论证有力。
【点睛】本文要点齐全，观点明确，语言规范。文章使用了几个高分句型：1. A study conducted in the Netherlands suggests physical exercise has a positive effect on children' s academic performance, which may cause a heated debate about whether to reduce or even can cell the physical education classes for senior three students. which引导的非限制性定语从句。 2. I hold the view that physical education classes should not be reduced let alone can celled for senior three students. that引导了同位语从句，从句做view的同位语。 3. Last but not least, taking up physical exercise regularly is of great benefit to students' physical health, which is vital for senior three students, many of whom lack outdoor physical exercise due to the heavy study load. taking up physical exercise是现在分词短语作主语。
69． as a failure
【详解】考查固定短语。结合汉语意思表示“把自己看作……”短语为think of oneself as…，故填as a failure。
70．did he
【详解】考查反义疑问句。句意：Peter几乎不知道昨天发生了什么，是吗？根据little可知，陈述部分为否定形式，则附加问句应用肯定形式。再根据knew可知时态应用一般过去时。助动词应用did。故填did he。
答案第1页，共2页
答案第1页，共2页
一、阅读理解
If you always sit indoors for too long, putting on weight may become a trouble. Tired of all that fat If so, these sports can help you burn the most calories.
Running
“Running is one of the best caloric burners out there,” qualified personal trainer Daniel Saltos says. An average person can burn anywhere from 500 to 1000 calories in one hour of running. “Speed, pace, and tolerance are all factors that can impact this range. But running uses every muscle group in the body, allowing you to burn more calories.”
Swimming
“Swimming is a workout that produces the lowest impact on body while it still can burn 500 to 600 calories in just 30 minutes,” Saltos says. Swimming also improves heart health and increases strength—all great reasons for playing in the water.
Boxing
Not only is boxing a great way to release energy, but it also helps improve balance, builds up tolerance and strengthens the upper body and core. “Boxing helps you get a good calorie burn, too, with the average person burning up 400 to 800 calories in an hour session,” Saltos says.
Rowing
The pushing and pulling motion of rowing machines targets multiple muscle groups including the arms, core, and back, helping you to burn more calories. “An hour of rowing will burn 400 to 600 calories on average,” Saltos says.
1．Which sport can burn the most calories per hour
A．Boxing. B．Running.
C．Swimming. D．Rowing.
2．What is the advantage of swimming according to the text
A．It enhances balance. B．It improves tolerance.
C．It produces low impact. D．It builds muscle groups.
3．Who is the text intended for
A．Great athletes. B．Fitness experts.
C．Sports reporters. D．Overweight persons.
Indian Army soldier Anandan Gunasekaran lost his left leg in a mine explosion in 2008. But that didn’t stop him from pursuing his dream of making it big as an athlete.
With an artificial leg, Gunasekaran made himself and the country proud by bagging three gold medals at the Military World Games in China in October 2019.
After he lost his leg in 2008, he didn’t inform his family. Then, half a year later, he landed in his hometown with an artificial leg and his family was in shock. “They said that I should quit my Army job and stay at home and take care of the farm,” he says. But he told them that he had just lost his leg, not his ambition to run faster than ever before and bring honor to his unit and the Army.
“Mind is the biggest thing in your body. You shouldn’t lose it. If you are determined, you can do anything. I am one example of that,” says Gunasekaran.
As an athlete since his teenage years, Gunasekaran says that he got a “new life” after he got the blade (刀锋) that he could run with confidence. “I started training as I used to before my leg was blown off, but I was more determined to do better as I knew that there would be many who would doubt my ability,” he says.
After the military games in China, this blade runner now is nursing bigger dreams. He wants to win medals at the Tokyo Paralympics in 2020 and bring honor to his country.
He has one more hurdle to cross before he can make it to the Tokyo Paralympics. “I have to participate in the trials and win there to make it to the Paralympics,” he says. He is already training with that goal in mind. “My job is to work hard. I will do that.”
4．What was Gunasekaran’s dream after losing one leg
A．Staying in the army. B．Taking care of the farm.
C．Being a great athlete. D．Having an artificial leg.
5．Why was Gunasekaran more determined to do better
A．To prove himself. B．To make a living.
C．To win himself honor. D．To defeat his competitor.
6．How can Gunasekaran make it to the Tokyo Paralympics
A．By sharpening his blade. B．By winning the trials.
C．By tying more hurdles. D．By training professionally.
7．What does the underlined word “hurdle” probably mean in the last paragraph
A．Difficulty. B．Race. C．Jump. D．Achievement.
Teenagers’ fitness is now a major concern, to which physical exercise is very important. It reduces stress and improves fitness. Exercise makes your body strong, and helps you to keep the right body weight. Sports scientist Dr. Helen Lopez offers the following advice to teenagers: “First, you need to find out your present level of fitness. Then you can design a programme that will help you become healthier. ”
Dr. Lopez points out that there are three levels of fitness that need a change of lifestyle. “Overweight” means that the person gets very little exercise and often has a serious weight problem. “Inactive” means that the person does not join in many physical activities, but is not seriously overweight. “Active” refers to people who take part in sports and other physical activities, but do not have a high fitness level.
According to Dr. Lopez, overweight teenagers should keep active to keep healthy. “Ride a bike, play volleyball or basketball for a while, and go for a twenty-minute walk each day. All these will help to burn calories.” Inactive teenagers should do similar activities, but add some bending and stretching exercises, such as push-ups and sit-ups, starting with twenty of each a day. “Inactive people can take a little more exercise than overweight people because their bodies are stronger,” said Dr. Lopez. The same principle applies to active teenagers.
Dr. Lopez suggests one hour a week or more on running and other forms of intensive exercise, together with fifteen minutes a day spent on stretching and bending activities. “These are really important in order to prevent injuries,” Dr. Lopez said. Some weight-training and other body-strengthening exercises could also be planned in the programme in order to increase the person’s strength.
8．Which of the following statements is NOT the reason why physical exercise is important
A．It can make the teenagers grow taller. B．It can help teenagers become healthier.
C．It can help to burn up calories. D．It can increase teenagers’ strength.
9．What can we learn from the passage
A．Active people always have a high fitness level.
B．Overweight people always take more exercise.
C．Inactive teenagers are not seriously overweight.
D．Keeping fit means changing teenagers’ lifestyle.
10．In order to prevent injuries, you should do some ________ exercises.
A．walking B．stretching and bending C．riding D．weight-training
11．What is the best title for the passage
A．Doing exercises B．Teenagers’ Fitness C．Different Lifestyles D．Overweight Teenagers
二、七选五
When it comes to summer, most of us think of outdoor fun. So it seems like we should naturally lose weight over the summer. In reality, summer isn’t all beach volleyball and water sports. Therefore, we can gain weight easily in the summer. ____12____ Here are four ways to beat summer weight gain.
____13____ When we don’t have a plan, it’s easy to spend summer moving from the couch to the computer, with regular stops at the fridge. Avoid this by aiming for a specific goal, like volunteering, mastering a new skill, or working at a job. Just be sure to plan for some downtime so you can relax a little!
Stay busy. When we’re bored, it’s easy to fall into a trap of doing nothing and then feeling low on energy. In addition to helping you avoid the cookie jar, filling your days with something to do can give you a sense of accomplishment. ____14____ .
Beat the heat. Don’t let summer heat put your exercise plans on hold. ____15____ If a gym isn’t your scene, try bowling or an indoor climbing wall. If you love being outdoors, try joining a local pool or move a regular run or soccer game to early morning or evening.
____16____ With school out, we lose our daily routines. If you don’t have a specific job or an activity to get up for, it’s easy to sleep late, watch too much TV, and snack more than usual. Make sure your summer days have some structure — like getting up at the same time each day.
A．Move your workout indoors.
B．If we know what to look out for, however, it’s easy to avoid this problem.
C．Relax by walking outside.
D．That’s especially true if a dream summer job falls through.
E．We usually stay at home in the summer.
F．Stick to your schedule.
G．Get going with goals.
三、完形填空
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommends that adults do at least 150 minutes of moderate to higher-intensity physical activity each week, and it should be in ____17____ of at least 10 minutes each for substantial health benefits, which has led many to ____18____ about the inefficacy of brief activities. Why people take two minutes going up the stairs if more than 10 minutes is ____19____ to make it worthwhile for health
But now a study suggests something else: go ahead, take the stairs! Every minute ____20____ toward reaching the 150-minute goal, whether it’s part of a 10-minute period of activity or not. The purpose of the study conducted at the University of Utah was to see if moderate to vigorous physical activity in less than 10-minute episodes was ____21____ to weight outcomes. The study, published in the American Journal of Health Promotion, found that each minute spent ____22____ in some kind of moderate to vigorous physical activity — be it walking the dog, vacuuming, or taking the stairs — was associated with lower BMI and lower weight.
“The idea here is, you can do a minute at a time and that’s not a problem,” Jessie Fan, lead author of the new paper and a family and consumer studies professor at the University of Utah, told Today.
For the women who participated in the study, each minute spent in higher-intensity activity was associated with a 0.7 drop in body mass index (BMI). For a 5'4" woman, that means a ____23____ of nearly half a pound, which may not sound like much, but that’s just for one minute. Little by little, they add up.
The authors concluded that the current 10-minute ____24____ guideline was based on health benefits other than weight outcomes and that their findings showed that for weight gain ____25____, accumulated higher-intensity physical activity bouts of less than 10 minutes are quite ____26____, supporting the message that “every minute counts.”
When it comes to your brain, it also rings true. An April 2019 study in Jama Network Open looked at how exercise affected the brain, and even short bursts ____27____ 22% greater brain volume.
“Our study results don’t ____28____ moderate or vigorous physical activity as being important for healthy ageing. We are just adding to the science, ____29____ that light-intensity physical activity might be important too, especially for the brain,” Dr. Nicole Spartarno, first author of the study from Boston University said.
“I think it’s easier for people to ____30____ that message,” Fan says. “Otherwise, if they don’t have a block of time they might be ____31____, and they don’t do anything.”
17．A．figures B．bursts C．turns D．cheers
18．A．wonder B．suppose C．believe D．wish
19．A．alerted B．subjected C．required D．committed
20．A．refers B．impresses C．reveals D．matters
21．A．opposed B．related C．switched D．exposed
22．A．devoting B．adapting C．exposing D．engaging
23．A．loss B．gain C．accumulation D．push
24．A．possibility B．activity C．capacity D．responsibility
25．A．damaging B．protection C．prevention D．hurting
26．A．infectious B．comfortable C．harmful D．beneficial
27．A．resulted in B．arose from C．came out D．gave in
28．A．exaggerate B．discount C．describe D．regard
29．A．addressing B．referring C．suggesting D．mentioning
30．A．process B．select C．store D．ignore
31．A．deprived B．disappointed C．depressed D．discouraged
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When skateboarding (滑板运动) started in 1960s, skateboards ____32____(make) of wood and had clay wheels. Since the wheels didn’t hold the concrete firmly, the riders could do very few tricks with them. In 1973, a new wheel made of a plastic ____33____(call) urethane (氨基甲酸乙酯) was invented in California. A skateboard ____34____ these wheels moved very quickly and it also held the concrete well. During the next few years, skateboards were ____35____(far) improved. The urethane was perfected, and the boards were shaped better. These skateboards gave new life to skateboarding.
Although skateboarding was easy ____36____(ride), the streets weren’t safe for it. As a result, skateboard parks sprang up. The first parks ____37____(appear) in California and Florida. But at first there were only outdoor parks ____38____ had concrete slopes with small curves (曲面). The more exciting parks appeared which had steep downward slopes, banked curves ____39____ vertical walls. Today there are both indoor and outdoor parks where the riders must wear helmets as well as knee and elbow pads, which can avoid serious injury when ____40____ rider falls down. Whenever they ride, people should always use the safety _____41_____(equip). Many accidents happen during the first week of riding, so it’s of vital importance to learn how to fall safely.
五、根据首字母填写单词
42．Ordinary people could p______ to be rich and important, while famous people could have romantic adventures in secret.（根据首字母单词拼写）
43．Life is like a long race where we c____________ with others to go beyond ourselves. （根据首字母填空）
44．Athletes from around the world are looking forward to c______ for gold medals in the coming Winter Olympics. (根据首字母单词拼写)
六、根据汉语意思填写单词
45．He_______（作弊）in the exam and was finally found out and punished. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
46．I was lucky to escape with minor ________(受伤) to my legs and arms in the car accident. (根据所给汉语提示填写单词)
47．—You should apologize to your classmate.
—No way. It is not my ________ (错误).
七、根据中英文提示填写单词
48．Some people prefer a ____________ (素食), while others prefer a meat－based diet. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
49．I’ve always looked up to Bill for his courage and d______ (决心). (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
八、根据所给汉语提示填空
50．I had no idea a letter could _____________ (产生如此的影响，起这样的作用)！(根据汉语提示完成句子)
51．Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories _____________(而不是) focusing on Chinese traditions.
52．For those of you ________________ (拥有积极心态的), ________________ (机遇在于每一次挑战). (根据汉语提示完成句子)
九、句型转换
53．Let’s talk about your son now, ______ (用适当的词填空)
54．Miss Chen will never forget her first visit to the Great Wall，________ (附加疑问句)
十、汉译英（整句）
55．不管遇到什么困难,你都不要灰心。(whatever) (汉译英)
56．尽管坐飞机比坐车和乘船都贵，但是为了节省时间我还是坐飞机去了那里。(even if/ even though即使；尽管)(汉译英)
57．正如亚里士多德所说，没有人会选择没有朋友的生活，哪怕他拥有其他所有的财富。（汉译英）
十一、汉译英（单词/短语）
汉译英
58．__________n.健康；健壮；适合
59．__________n.足球
60．__________n.体育场；运动场
61．__________n.拳击（运动）
62．__________n.羽毛球运动
63．__________n.马拉松赛跑
64．__________n.比赛项目；大事；公开活动
65．__________跟随；到达；进步；赶快
66．__________adj.滑雪的
67．__________vt.主办；主持
十二、读写任务
68．请阅读下面的文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章
Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise, whether at school or at other places, tend to have higher scores on standardized tests. In a review of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic performance investigators found that the more children moved the better their grades were in school, particularly in the basic subjects of math, English and reading.
The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes for senior three students should be reduced or even cancelled. The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away study time. With standardized test scores in the US dropping in recent years, some administrators believe students need to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground. But as these findings show, exercise and academics may not be consequently exclusive. Physical activity can improve blood flow to the brain, memory, attention and creativity, which are essential to learning.
【写作内容】
1. 用约3个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；
2. 谈谈你是否赞成“高三学生应该减少体育课时间”，并用2-3个理山或论据支撑你的观点。
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十三、完成句子
69．史密斯先生认为自己是个失败者。
Mr. Smith thought of himself ______ ______ ______.
70．Peter knew little about what happened yesterday, ______________ (根据句意完成反义疑问句)
试卷第1页，共3页
试卷第1页，共3页
参考答案：
1．C 2．C 3．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍一些可以帮助燃烧最多卡路里的运动。
1．细节理解题。根据Running中“An average person can burn anywhere from 500 to 1000 calories in one hour of running.(一个普通人在一小时的跑步中可以消耗500到1000卡路里的热量。)”，Swimming中“Swimming is a workout that produces the lowest impact on body while it still can burn 500 to 600 calories in just 30 minutes(游泳是一种对身体影响最小的运动，但在短短30分钟内仍然可以燃烧500到600卡路里)”，Boxing中“Boxing helps you get a good calorie burn, too, with the average person burning up 400 to 800 calories in an hour session (拳击也能帮助你更好地燃烧卡路里，一般人一小时能燃烧400到800卡路里。)” Rowing中“An hour of rowing will burn 400 to 600 calories on average (一小时的划船平均可以燃烧400到600卡路里。)”由此可知，游泳每小时燃烧的卡路里最多，故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据Swimming中“Swimming is a workout that produces the lowest impact on body(游泳是一种对身体影响最小的锻炼方式)”可知游泳产生的影响很小。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段“If you always sit indoors for too long, putting on weight may become a trouble. Tired of all that fat If so, these sports can help you burn the most calories.(如果你总是在室内坐太久，体重增加可能会成为一个麻烦。厌倦了所有的脂肪 如果是这样的话，这些运动可以帮助你燃烧最多的卡路里。)”可知这篇文章是写给肥胖者的，故选D。
4．C 5．A 6．B 7．A
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了印度士兵Gunasekaran被地雷炸断左腿后并未失去运动员的梦想，坚持训练，终于在中国举行的世界军人运动会上夺得三枚金牌，他的下一个愿望是能参加2020年的东京残奥会。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“But that didn’t stop him from pursuing his dream of making it big as an athlete.(但这并没有阻止他追求自己的梦想，成为一名伟大的运动员)”可知，他想成为一个伟大的运动员。故选C。
5．推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的“but I was more determined to do better as I knew that there would be many who would doubt my ability.(但我更下定决心要做得更好，因为我知道会有很多人怀疑我的能力)”可知，他更加坚定地要做得更好是因为许多人对他的能力表示怀疑。由此判断，他这样做是为了证明自己的能力。故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“I have to participate in the trials and win there to make it to the Paralympics.(我必须参加选拔赛，在那里获胜才能参加残奥会)”可知，只有参加选拔赛并获胜才可参加东京残奥会。故选B。
7．词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段中的“He has one more hurdle to cross before he can make it to the Tokyo Paralympics.(在参加东京残奥会之前，他还有一个障碍要跨越)”可知，为了参加东京残奥会，他克服了不止一个困难。由此推测，hurdle意为“困难，障碍”。故选A。
8．A 9．C 10．B 11．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章就如何运动来提高青少年的健康提出了一些建议。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Teenagers’ fitness is now a major concern, to which physical exercise is very important. It reduces stress and improves fitness. Exercise makes your body strong, and helps you to keep the right body weight(青少年的健康现在是一个主要问题，体育锻炼对其非常重要。它能减轻压力，提高健康水平。运动使你的身体强壮，并帮助你保持正确的体重)”和第三段中的“All these will help to burn calories(这些有助于燃烧卡路里)”可知，帮助青少年长高并不是文章所提到的运动的好处。故选A。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段中的““Inactive” means that the person does not join in many physical activities, but is not seriously overweight(“不活跃”是指这个人不参加很多体育活动，但没有严重超重)”可知，不活跃的青少年没有严重超重。故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Dr. Lopez suggests one hour a week or more on running and other forms of intensive exercise, together with fifteen minutes a day spent on stretching and bending activities. “These are really important in order to prevent injuries,” Dr. Lopez said(洛佩兹建议每周花一个小时或更多的时间进行跑步和其他形式的高强度运动，同时每天花15分钟做伸展和弯曲运动。“为了防止受伤，这些是非常重要的，”洛佩兹博士说)”可知，伸展和弯曲运动有助于防止受伤。故选B。
11．主旨大意题。第一段是文章的中心段。第一段第一句“Teenagers’ fitness is now a major concern, to which physical exercise is very important. It reduces stress and improves fitness(青少年的健康现在是一个主要的问题，体育锻炼是非常重要的)”是中心句，下文就不同健康问题的青少年提出了一些具体的运动建议。因此文章都是围绕“青少年健康”展开的。故选B。
12．B 13．G 14．D 15．A 16．F
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就暑假如何避免增重这一问题提了四条建议。
12．上文“ Therefore, we can gain weight easily in the summer holiday. （因此，我们在暑假很容易增加体重）”说明了暑假易胖这一事实；下文“Here are four ways to beat summer weight gain.（下面是四种可以战胜暑假增重的方法）”提出应对这一问题的途径，所以小题1处要与前一句构成转折关系且承接下文。因此，B选项“If we know what to look out for, however, it’s easy to avoid this problem.（然而，如果我们知道要注意什么，就很容易避免这个问题）”符合上下文语境。故选B项。
13．由下文“Avoid this by aiming for a specific goal, like volunteering, mastering a new skill，or working at a job.（要避免这种情况，就要树立一个特定的目标，比如志愿服务，掌握一项新技能，或者工作）”可知，本段主要讲假期树立目标的必要性，也就是作为本段小标题的小题2所要说明的内容。所以，G选项“Get going with goals.（树立目标）”符合上下文。故选G项。
14．结合该段小标题“Stay busy.（保持忙碌）”和上文“ In addition to helping you avoid the cookie jar, filling your days with stuff to do can give you a sense of accomplishment.（除了帮助你避开饼干罐外，把你的一天安排的满满的会给你一种成就感）”可知，小题3需承接上文，进一步说明忙碌起来的必要性。所以，D选项“That’s especially true if a dream summer job falls through.（如果你梦寐以求的暑期工作落空时，这尤其适用）”符合句意；同时选项中的代词That指代上文“filling your days with something”，承接上文。故选D项。
15．由下文“If a gym isn’t your scene, try bowling or an indoor climbing wall.（如果健身房不适合你，试试保龄球或室内攀岩墙）”可知，小题4要总说把锻炼搬到室内进行，从而与空后的具体分说怎样在室内进行锻炼构成上下文衔接。所以，A选项“Move your workout indoors.（把你的锻炼搬到室内进行）”符合上下文。故选A项。
16．由该段总结性的最后一句“Make sure your summer days have some structure—like getting up at the same time each day. （确保你的夏天有一些规律——比如每天在同一时间起床）”可知，本段主要讲假期要坚持自己的计划，坚持良好的生活习惯，所以作为本段小标题的小题5需概况其表达的内容。所以，F选项“Stick to your schedule.（坚持你的计划）”符合上下文。故选F项。
17．B 18．A 19．C 20．D 21．B 22．D 23．A 24．B 25．C 26．D 27．A 28．B 29．C 30．A 31．D
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。美国卫生与公众服务部建议成年人每周至少进行150分钟的中强度至高强度的体育活动，并且每次应该有至少10分钟的爆发性运动，以获得实质性的健康益处，这导致许多人怀疑短暂运动的无效性，因此可能放弃运动。犹他大学进行的一项研究表明，目前的10分钟运动指南是基于健康益处而不是体重结果，要预防体重增加，累计的少于10分钟的高强度运动爆发也是非常有效的，每分钟的运动都很重要。
17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：美国卫生与公众服务部建议成年人每周至少进行150分钟的中强度至高强度的体育活动，并且每次应该有至少10分钟的爆发性运动，以获得实质性的健康益处，这导致许多人怀疑短暂运动的无效性。A. figures数字；B. bursts爆发；C. turns转动；D. cheers欢呼。根据下文“When it comes to your brain, it also rings true. An April 2019 study in Jama Network Open looked at how exercise affected the brain, and even short bursts 11 22% greater brain volume. (2019年4月发表在《Jama Network Open》上的一项研究研究了运动如何影响大脑，即使是短暂的爆发也能使脑容量增加22%。)”可知，bursts为复现词，意为“爆发”。故选B项。
18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：美国卫生与公众服务部建议成年人每周至少进行150分钟的中度至高强度的身体活动，并且每次应该有至少10分钟的爆发性运动，以获得实质性的健康益处，这导致许多人怀疑短暂运动的无效性。A. wonder琢磨，疑惑；B. suppose假设；C. believe相信；D. wish愿望。根据下文“Why people take two minutes going up the stairs if more than 10 minutes is 3 to make it worthwhile for health (如果爬楼梯这项运动需要花10多分钟时间才有助于健康，为什么人们花两分钟上楼梯？)”可知，对于“人们花两分钟上楼梯”这个短暂的体能运动，人们对其效果产生了质疑？此处考查动词短语wonder about，意为“对……感到奇怪；对……感到疑惑”。故选A项。
19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果爬楼梯这项运动需要花10多分钟时间才有助于健康，为什么人们花两分钟上楼梯？A. alerted使警觉；B. subjected使经受；C. required要求；D. committed投入。根据下文“The study, published in the American Journal of Health Promotion, found that each minute spent 6 in some kind of moderate to vigorous physical activity — be it walking the dog, vacuuming, or taking the stairs — was associated with lower BMI and lower weight. (这项发表在《美国健康促进杂志》上的研究发现，从事某种中强度到高强度的体育活动的每一分钟——遛狗、吸尘或走楼梯——都与较低的BMI和较低的体重有关。)”可知，爬楼梯属于中强度到高强度的体育活动；上文“and it should be in 1 of at least 10 minutes each for substantial health benefits, (并且每次应该有至少10分钟的爆发性运动，以获得实质性的健康益处)”可知，爬楼梯这种强度的运动，“需要（required）”进行10多分钟才有效果，有助于健康。故选C项。
20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对达成150分钟的目标来说，每一分钟都很重要，无论它是否是属于那个10分钟（爆发运动）时间的一部分。A. refers提及；B. impresses留下深刻印象；C. reveals揭示；D. matters要紧，有关系。根据下文“The authors concluded that the current 10-minute 8 guideline was based on health benefits other than weight outcomes and that their findings showed that for weight gain 9 , accumulated higher-intensity physical activity bouts of less than 10 minutes are quite 10 , supporting the message that ‘every minute counts’. (作者的结论是，目前的10分钟运动指南是基于健康益处而不是体重结果，他们的研究结果表明，要预防体重增加，累计的少于10分钟的高强度运动爆发非常有效，这支持了“每分钟都很重要”的观点)”，此句中的every minute counts，此句为复现句。故选D项。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项在犹他大学进行的研究的目的是看看在少于10分钟的时间内进行中强度到高强度的体育活动是否与体重结果相关。A. opposed反对；B. related相关；C. switched开关；D. exposed暴露。根据下一句“The study, published in the American Journal of Health Promotion, found that each minute spent 6 in some kind of moderate to vigorous physical activity — be it walking the dog, vacuuming, or taking the stairs — was associated with lower BMI and lower weight. (这项发表在《美国健康促进杂志》上的研究发现，从事某种中强度到高强度的体育活动的每一分钟——遛狗、吸尘或走楼梯——都与较低的BMI和较低的体重有关。)”，其中的was associated with，与be related to意思相近。故选B项。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项发表在《美国健康促进杂志》上的研究发现，从事某种中强度到高强度的体育活动的每一分钟——遛狗、吸尘或走楼梯——都与较低的BMI和较低的体重有关。A. devoting奉献；B. adapting适应；C. exposing揭露；D. engaging参与。根据空后“in some kind of moderate to vigorous physical activity”，应用engaging，动词短语engage in...，意为“从事，参加”，其他三项应与to连用。故选D项。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于身高5英尺4英寸的女性来说，这意味着减掉了近半磅，听起来可能不多，但这只是一分钟。A. loss损失，减少；B. gain获得；C. accumulation累积；D. push推动。根据上文“The study, published in the American Journal of Health Promotion, found that each minute spent 6 in some kind of moderate to vigorous physical activity — be it walking the dog, vacuuming, or taking the stairs — was associated with lower BMI and lower weight. (这项发表在《美国健康促进杂志》上的研究发现，从事某种中强度到高强度的体育活动的每一分钟——遛狗、吸尘或走楼梯——都与较低的BMI和较低的体重有关。)”中的lower weight可知，运动有减体重效果，loss符合语境。故选A项。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作者得出结论：现行的10分钟运动指南是基于健康益处而不是体重结果，他们的研究结果表明，要预防体重增加，累计的少于10分钟的高强度运动爆发非常有效，这支持了“每分钟都很重要”的观点。A. possibility可能性；B. activity活动；C. capacity能力；D. responsibility责任。根据上文“The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommends that adults do at least 150 minutes of moderate to higher-intensity physical activity each week, and it should be in 1 of at least 10 minutes each for substantial health benefits,... (美国卫生与公众服务部建议成年人每周至少进行150分钟的中强度至高强度的体育活动，并且每次应该有至少10分钟的爆发性运动，以获得实质性的健康益处)”可知，文章提及的10分钟时间是指“体育活动（activity）”时间。故选B项。
25．考查动词和名词词义辨析。句意：作者的结论是，目前的10分钟运动指南是基于健康益处而不是体重结果，他们的研究结果表明，要预防体重增加，累计的少于10分钟的高强度运动爆发非常有效，这支持了“每分钟都很重要”的观点。A. damaging伤害；B. protection保护；C. prevention预防；D. hurting使疼痛。根据句中的weight outcomes，以及上文“The study, published in the American Journal of Health Promotion, found that each minute spent 6 in some kind of moderate to vigorous physical activity — be it walking the dog, vacuuming, or taking the stairs — was associated with lower BMI and lower weight. (这项发表在《美国健康促进杂志》上的研究发现，从事某种中强度到高强度的体育活动的每一分钟——遛狗、吸尘或走楼梯——都与较低的BMI和较低的体重有关。)”可知，研究关注的一个问题是：10分钟高强度运动与较低的体重有无关系，即能否减肥，退一步说，能否有“预防（prevention）”体重增加的功效。故选C项。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作者的结论是，目前的10分钟运动指南是基于健康益处而不是体重结果，他们的研究结果表明，要预防体重增加，累计的少于10分钟的高强度运动爆发非常有效，这支持了“每分钟都很重要”的观点。A. infectious感染性；B. comfortable舒适的； C. harmful有害的；D. beneficial有益的。根据后半句“supporting the message that ‘every minute counts.’”可知，每分钟都重要，说明高强度运动哪怕不满10分钟，也能对人“受益的（beneficial）”。故选D项。
27．考查动词短语辨析。句意：2019年4月发表在《Jama Network Open》上的一项研究研究了运动如何影响大脑，即使是短暂的爆发也能使脑容量增加22%。A. resulted in导致；B. arose from由……引起；C. came out出来；D. gave in屈服。根据上文“accumulated higher-intensity physical activity bouts of less than 10 minutes are quite 10 , supporting the message that “every minute counts. (累计的少于10分钟的高强度运动爆发非常有效，这支持了‘每分钟都很重要’的观点。)”可知，短暂的爆发式的运动还有益于大脑，能“导致（resulted in）”脑容量的增加。故选A项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的研究结果并没有低估中强度或高强度的体育活动对健康老龄的重要性。A. exaggerate夸大；B. discount认为……不重要，低估；C. describe描述；D. regard尊重。根据下文“We are just adding to the science, 13 that light-intensity physical activity might be important too, especially for the brain（我们正要（把它）加到这科学知识中，这表明轻度的体育活动可能也很重要，尤其是对大脑。)”可知，研究者发现轻度的体育活动“也很重要（important too）”，表明研究者认为中强度或高强度的体育活动跟轻度的体育活动的重要性是同等的，没有“低估（discount）”后两者。故选B项。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项研究的第一作者，波士顿大学的Nicole Spartarno博士说:“我们正要（把它）加到这科学知识中，这表明轻度的体育活动可能也很重要，尤其是对大脑。”A. addressing解决；B. referring提及；C. suggesting表明；D. mentioning提及。根据句中的“are just adding to the science”，研究者要把这次研究的发现加入到现行的运动科学中，这足以“表明（suggesting）”轻度体育活动对健康的重要性。故选C项。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：范说:“我认为人们更容易处理那个信息。”A. process审阅，处理；B. select选择； C. store存储；D. ignore忽略。根据上句“which has led many to 2 about the inefficacy of brief activities.（这导致许多人疑惑短暂体能活动是无效的)”，“their findings showed that for weight gain 9 , accumulated higher-intensity physical activity bouts of less than 10 minutes are quite 10 , supporting the message that ‘every minute counts.’ (他们的研究结果表明，要预防体重增加，累计的少于10分钟的高强度运动爆发非常有效，这支持了‘每分钟都很重要’的观点。)”，下文“Otherwise, if they don’t have a block of time they might be 15 , and they don’t do anything. (否则，如果他们没有一块时间（去锻炼），他们可能会感到心灰意冷，就什么运动都不做了。)”可知，人们会对他们的研究结果进行“处理（process）”分析，并以此来决定自己要不要锻炼。故选A项。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：否则，如果他们没有比较多而集中的时间，他们可能会气馁，然后就什么都不做。A. deprived丧失的；B. disappointed失望的；C. depressed抑郁的；D. discouraged心灰意冷的。根据第一段的“The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommends that adults do at least 150 minutes of moderate to higher-intensity physical activity each week, and it should be in 1 of at least 10 minutes each for substantial health benefits, which has led many to 2 about the inefficacy of brief activities. (美国卫生与公众服务部建议成年人每周至少进行150分钟的中强度至高强度的体育活动，并且每次应该有至少10分钟的爆发性运动，以获得实质性的健康益处，这导致许多人怀疑短暂运动的无效性。)”，以及“The authors concluded that the current 10-minute 8 guideline was based on health benefits other than weight outcomes and that their findings showed that for weight gain 9 , accumulated higher-intensity physical activity bouts of less than 10 minutes are quite 10 , supporting the message that “every minute counts.”(作者得出结论：现行的10分钟运动指南是基于健康益处而不是体重结果，他们的研究结果表明，要预防体重增加，累计的少于10分钟的高强度运动爆发非常有效，这支持了‘每分钟都很重要’的观点。)”可知，当权威部门只强调10分钟以上的中强度和高强度的体育运动有益健康时，而不告知大家其实少于10分钟的高强度锻炼也有益，每一分钟的锻炼都很重要，人们会因为自己无法抽出10分钟以上的时间段做锻炼，因“心灰意冷的（discouraged）”而放弃任何锻炼。故选D项。
32．were made 33．called 34．with 35．further 36．to ride 37．appeared 38．that##which 39．and 40．a 41．equipment
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了滑板运动的发展。
32．考查谓语动词。句意：滑板运动在20世纪60年代兴起的时候，滑板是用木头做的，有粘土轮子。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据前面的“in 1960s”可知，此处应用一般过去时，且与句子主语间为被动关系，be made of 意为“由……做成”，句子主语为名词复数。故填were made。
33．考查非谓语动词。句意：1973年，加州发明了一种新型车轮，由一种叫氨基甲酸乙酯的塑料制成。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，call与plastic之间为被动关系，且该动作已经发生，所以使用过去分词形式。故填called。
34．考查介词。句意：带有这些轮子的滑板移动得非常快，还能很好地支撑混凝土。分析句子结构可知，此处后为名词，且有修饰词these，无提示词，此处应为介词，结合句意可知，此处表示“有”应用介词with符合句意。故填with。
35．考查副词。句意：在接下来的几年里，滑板得到了进一步的改进。分析句子结构可知，此处为副词作状语修饰动词，根据句意可知，此处表示抽象意义的“进一步”，所以使用far的比较级further。故填further。
36．考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管玩滑板很容易，但街道对它来说并不安全。分析句子结构可知，此处为“主语+系动词+形容词+to do”句型，to do作状语，且与句子主语构成动宾关系，用主动形式表被动，该句中ride与主语skateboarding为动宾关系。故填to ride。
37．考查谓语动词。句意：第一批公园出现在加利福尼亚和佛罗里达。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据全文时态为一般过去时，根据时态一致原则，此处也应为一般过去时，且appear与句子主语为主动关系。故填appeared。
38．考查定语从句。句意：但一开始只有带有小曲线的混凝土斜坡的户外公园。分析句子结构可知，此处应为连词引导的定语从句，从句中缺少句子主语，先行词outdoor parks指物。故填that/which 。
39．考查连词。句意：更令人兴奋的公园出现了，有陡峭的斜坡，倾斜的曲线和垂直的墙壁。分析句子结构可知，此处应为并列连词连接三个并列名词短语，根据句意可知，此处应为and。故填and。
40．考查冠词。句意：如今，无论是室内公园还是室外公园，骑手都必须戴上头盔、护膝和护肘，这样可以避免骑手摔倒时受重伤。分析句子结构可知，可数名词单数前应有限定词，所以此处应为冠词，根据语境可知，此处泛指“一个滑滑板的人”，所以此处为不定冠词，且rider的发音是辅音音素开头。故填a。
41．考查名词。句意：无论何时骑行，人们都应该使用安全设备。分析句子结构可知，此处应为名词作宾语，equip的名词为equipment且不可数。故填equipment。
42．pretend##retend
【详解】考查动词。句意：普通人可以装成阔佬和要人，而名人也可以偷偷地体验浪漫的奇遇。根据句意以及首字母提示可知，普通人可以假装成阔佬和要人，所以本空需要动词pretend“假装”，前面有情态动词could，所以要用动词原形。故填pretend。
43．compete
【详解】考查动词。句意：生活就像一场长跑，我们和别人竞争，超越自己。compete with表示“与......竞争”， where we compete with others to go beyond ourselves是定语从句，从句的主语是we，主谓保持一致，谓语动词仍然用复数形式。故填compete。
44．competing##ompeting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：来自世界各地的运动员都期待着在即将到来的冬奥会上争夺金牌。根据首字母和句意可知填compete补全意思，另look forward to doing：期待做；故还需要用compete的动名词形式作宾语。故填competing。
45．cheated
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他在考试中作弊，最终被发现并受到惩罚。结合句意和提示词可知，cheat“欺骗，作弊”。根据后半句was found可知，使用一般过去时。故填cheated。
46．injuries
【详解】考查名词。句意：我在车祸中腿部和手臂受了轻伤，幸免于难。分析句子，空处作介词with的宾语，应用名词形式，根据汉语提示，空处应用injury，表示“伤口”，此时为可数名词，结合语意，表示腿部和手臂不止一处伤口，应用名词的复数形式。故填injuries。
47．fault##error##mistake
【详解】考查名词。句意：---你应该向你的同学道歉。--决不。这不是我的错。根据句意和汉语提示，应填名词fault，error，mistake，均表示“错误”，作表语，根据句意用单数，故填fault/error/mistake。
48．vegetarian diet
【详解】考查名词短语。句意：有些人更喜欢素食 而其他人则更喜欢以肉类为基础的饮食。根据汉语提示“素食”，以及句子结构可知此处应填名词短语vegetarian diet,前面有不定冠词a限定，应使用单数形式。故填vegetarian diet。
49．determination##etermination
【详解】考查名词。句意：我一直很敬佩比尔的勇气和决心。根据并列连词and前名词courage可知，用名词形式在句中作宾语。根据中英文提示及句意，故填determination。
50．make such a difference
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我不知道一封信会起到如此大的作用。短语make a difference意为“有影响，有关系，起作用”；“产生如此的影响，起这样的作用”表达为make such a difference，空前是情态动词could ，设空处用动词原形。故答案为make such a difference。
51．rather than
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：如今，很多中国人学习西方的风格和理论而不是中国的传统。根据汉语提示可知，“而不是”应用固定短语rather than，故填rather than。
52． with a positive mind opportunity lies in every challenge
【详解】考查短语和时态。句意：对于你们中有积极心态的人来说，机遇在于每一次挑战。表示“拥有积极心态的”可用介词短语with a positive mind作定语，“机遇”是opportunity，作主语，抽象概念，不可数，“在于”lie in，作谓语，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，且主语不可数，故用单数，“每一次挑战”为every chanllenge，作宾语。故填with a positive mind；opportunity lies in every challenge。
53．shall we
【详解】本题考查反义疑问句。句意：我们现在谈谈你儿子，好吗？Let’s表示说话人向对方提出建议，简短问句的主语用we表示，问句用shall we。故填shall we。
54．will she
【详解】考查反意疑问句。句意：陈女士永远不会忘记她第一次游览长城，是吗？反意疑问句中，陈述部分的主语为Miss Chen，附加问句应用相应的人称代词she作主语；陈述部分有never这样的否定词，附加问句应用肯定形式；句子为将来时，应用助动词will。故填will she。
55．Don’t lose heart whatever difficulties you meet.
【详解】考查让步状语从句、动词短语、名词。根据句意以及提示词可知，该句可为连词whatever“不管什么，无论什么”引导的让步状语从句，相当于no matter what。该句主句中，表示“不要灰心”应为动词短语Don’t lose heart；从句中，表示“困难”为复数名词difficulties；表示“遇到”为动词meet。故翻译为：Don’t lose heart whatever difficulties you meet。
56．Even if/ Even though flying is more expensive than land and sea travel, I went there by air to save time.
【详解】考查状语从句、非谓语动词、形容词、动词的时态。结合句意，从句为客观事实，故用一般现在时态，主句为“去了”表示发生过的事情，需要用一般过去时态；表示“尽管”为even if或even though引导让步状语从句，位于句首需要大写字母“E”；分析句子成分，“坐飞机”为从句主语，故需要用动名词的形式flying；表示“比……更贵”需要用形容词的比较级more expensive than；主句中“坐飞机”为“去那里”的手段、方法，故用by air表示交通方式；表示“为了节省时间”用to do不定式表目的。故翻译为Even if/ Even though flying is more expensive than land and sea travel, I went there by air to save time.
57．As Aristotle said, no one would choose to live without friends, even if he had all other goods.
【详解】考查固定短语。结合句意表示“正如亚里士多德所说”翻译为as Aristotle said；表示“没有人”应用no one，作主语；表示“选择没有朋友的生活”翻译为choose to live without friends，would后跟动词原形；表示“哪怕”应用even if；表示“他拥有其他所有的财富”翻译为he had all other goods。故翻译为As Aristotle said, no one would choose to live without friends, even if he had all other goods.
58．fitness 59．soccer 60．stadium 61．boxing 62．badminton 63．marathon 64．event 65．come along 66．ski 67．host
【解析】58．表示“健康；健壮；适合”应该使用名词fitness。故填fitness。
59．表示“足球”应该使用名词soccer。故填soccer。
60．表示“体育场；运动场”应该使用名词stadium。故填stadium。
61．表示“拳击（运动）”应该使用名词boxing。故填boxing。
62．表示“羽毛球运动”应该使用名词badminton。故填badminton。
63．表示“马拉松赛跑”应该使用名词marathon。故翻译为marathon。
64．表示“比赛项目；大事；公开活动”应该使用名词event。故填event。
65．表示“跟随；到达；进步；赶快”应该使用come along。故填come along。
66．表示“滑雪的”应该使用形容词ski。故填ski。
67．表示“主办；主持”应该使用动词host。故填host。
68．exercise，effect，academic performance
A study conducted in the Netherlands suggests physical exercise has a positive effect on children' s academic performance, which may cause a heated debate about whether to reduce or even can cell the physical education classes for senior three students. As to the debate, I hold the view that physical education classes should not be reduced let alone can celled for senior three students. For one thing, students need physical exercise after long periods of study to help them relax, which can relieve their study pressure and refresh their brains. For another thing, as the above researchers report, physical exercise can improve blood flow to the brain, memory, attention and creativity, which will improve students' academic performance in turn. Last but not least, taking up physical exercise regularly is of great benefit to students' physical health, which is vital for senior three students, many of whom lack outdoor physical exercise due to the heavy study load. To sum up, physical education classes benefit students physically, mentally and academically, which are worth the time and efforts invested in them.
【分析】这是一篇议论文，要求概述所给文章内容，并发表自己的观点。
【详解】根据提示信息可知，首先，先概述所给信息（约3个单词）；然后主要是谈谈你是否赞成“高三学生应该减少体育课时间”，说出你的几个理由（2-3个）或论据支撑你的观点。这是本文的写作思路。另外注意时态用一般现在时，表述要明确，并论证有力。
【点睛】本文要点齐全，观点明确，语言规范。文章使用了几个高分句型：1. A study conducted in the Netherlands suggests physical exercise has a positive effect on children' s academic performance, which may cause a heated debate about whether to reduce or even can cell the physical education classes for senior three students. which引导的非限制性定语从句。 2. I hold the view that physical education classes should not be reduced let alone can celled for senior three students. that引导了同位语从句，从句做view的同位语。 3. Last but not least, taking up physical exercise regularly is of great benefit to students' physical health, which is vital for senior three students, many of whom lack outdoor physical exercise due to the heavy study load. taking up physical exercise是现在分词短语作主语。
69． as a failure
【详解】考查固定短语。结合汉语意思表示“把自己看作……”短语为think of oneself as…，故填as a failure。
70．did he
【详解】考查反义疑问句。句意：Peter几乎不知道昨天发生了什么，是吗？根据little可知，陈述部分为否定形式，则附加问句应用肯定形式。再根据knew可知时态应用一般过去时。助动词应用did。故填did he。
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