人教版（2019）必修 第一册Unit 5 Languages Around the World 综合测试（有答案）
文档属性
| 名称 | 人教版（2019）必修 第一册Unit 5 Languages Around the World 综合测试（有答案） |  | |
| 格式 | zip | ||
| 文件大小 | 46.5KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-04-12 13:48:08 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
Unit 5 Languages Around the World 综合测试
一、阅读理解
It sounds almost too good to be true, but a new study on sleeping brains suggests that listening to languages while you sleep can actually help you to learn them.“What we found in our study is that the sleeping brain can actually encode (编码) new information and store it for a long term,” said Marc lust, co-first-author of the paper.
For the study, researchers played recordings of foreign words and their translations to sleeping subjects enjoying deep sleep, a stage when a person has little consciousness (意识) of their environment. To ensure that the results were not compromised by foreign language words that subjects may have had some connection with at some point in their waking lives, researchers made up totally artificial foreign words. When the subjects woke up, they were presented with the artificial words again without their translations. The subjects were then asked to imagine whether they meant an object that was smaller or larger than a shoebox.
Unbelievably, the subjects were able to correctly classify the words in this way at an accuracy rate that was 10 per cent higher than random chance. That’s not a rate high enough to have them suddenly speak in a foreign tongue, but it is enough to suggest that the brain is still absorbing information on some level, even during sleep.
“If you present ‘biktum’ and ‘bird’ to sleeping humans, their brains can make a new connection between the known concept ‘bird’ and the completely new and unknown word ‘biktum’,” Züst explained. “This sleep-formed memory trace (痕迹) lasts until the following wakefulness and can influence how you react to ‘biktum’ even though you think you’ve never met with that word before.“I find it amazing that humans are competent at such complex information processing without consciousness,”said Züst.
The next step for researchers will he to see if new information can be acquired quicker during wakefulness if it is already presented during sleep. If so, it could forever change how we train our brains to learn new things. Sleep learning might become a widespread practice.
1．What can we do according to the new study
A．Improve our memory greatly.
B．Learn languages while sleeping.
C．Change our sleep in a positive way.
D．Speak new vocabulary during deep sleep.
2．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．The native words. B．The recordings.
C．The artificial words. D．The translations.
3．How did the author respond to the findings of the study
A．Doubtful. B．Confused.
C．Slightly disappointed. D．Pleasantly surprised.
4．What will researchers focus on in their next research
A．Discovering a cure for memory decline.
B．Promoting the widespread use of sleep learning.
C．Finding whether to learn faster using deep sleep.
D．Researching ways to learn better during wakefulness.
Have you ever wondered why you sometimes take an almost immediate liking to a person you have just met We often get the first impression of a people based on the color of a person’s skin or the manner in which he or she dressed. Meaning is conveyed not only by words or verbal languages but also by nonverbal communication systems, such as body behaviors.
Nonverbal communication is important because we use the actions of others to learn about their affective emotional states. Our emotions are reflected in our posture, face, and eyes—be it fear, joy, anger, or sadness—so we can express them without ever saying a word .For this reason, most of us rely heavily on what we learn through our eyes.
Nonverbal communication is significant in human interaction because it is usually responsible for the first impressions. More importantly, those first messages usually influence the perception (感知) of everything else that follows. Even how we select friends and sexual partners is grounded in first impressions with nonverbal communication.
Nonverbal communication is important because it is culture-related. It is based on different beliefs, religions, values and customs in different cultures. When, where, how, and to whom people display his or her specific nonverbal behaviors is greatly affected by culture and context. Culture determines what the appropriate nonverbal behavior is.
For example, feelings of friendship exist everywhere but their expression varies. It may be appropriate in some countries for man to embrace each other and for women to hold hands; in other countries these displays of affection may be shocking. Each culture has its own specific interpretation on nonverbal communication. What is acceptable in one culture may be completely unacceptable in another. One culture may determine that snapping fingers to call a waiter is acceptable; another may consider this gesture rude.
5．What is the best title of the passage
A．Nonverbal communication and first impression
B．Nonverbal communication is culture-related
C．Nonverbal and verbal communication
D．The importance of nonverbal communication
6．We can know a person’s feeling through our eyes because________.
A．we can see a person’s feeling on his face.
B．a person’s emotions can be reflected through eyes.
C．a person’s feeling can be reflected through his body languages
D．we can see a person’s feeling through his posture
7．Which of the following statements is not True
A．Meaning can be conveyed both by words and body language.
B．We can use nonverbal communication to learn about a person’s emotional states.
C．We often get the first impression by what a person says.
D．The first impression can affect what we will do in the following.
8．What can we conclude from the last paragraph
A．we can use different ways to express friendship
B．each culture has its own specific interpretation on nonverbal communication
C．snapping fingers to call a waiter is acceptable
D．learning a country’s culture is very important.
Saying “thank you” is probably the first thing most of us learn to do in a foreign language. After all, we’re brought up to be polite, and it is important to make a good impression upon other people — especially across national divides.
So, what exactly are you supposed to say when “thank you” is only the 20th most popular way to express gratitude According to a recent survey, 19 other ways of expressing appreciation finished ahead of “thank you” in a poll of 3,000 people.
Pollsters(民测调查员) found almost half of those asked preferred the more informal “cheers”, while others liked to use such expressions as “ta”, “great” and “nice one”.
So, just what is the appropriate form of words to express your thanks
Fortunately, the clue is in the language itself. “Cheers”, despite its popularity, is considered an informal way to say thank you — and this is a definite clue as to when you can best use it.
For instance, when going for a drink with friends, a smile and a “cheers” by way of thanks is not only appropriate to the situation, it is also culturally accurate.
“Ta”, originated from the Danish word “tak”, was the second-most popular expression of thanks, and is also commonly used in informal situations, along with phrases such as “nice one”, and “brilliant”. Interestingly, one word that didn’t make it into the top 20 was “thanks”, Thank you is shorter, more informal cousin.
“Thanks” can be useful, as it is able to bridge the divide between the formality of “thank you” and the downright relaxed “cheers”.
Certain words can double as an expression of thanks as well as delight. Again, the words themselves offer the clue as to when best to use them.
For example, words like “awesome”, “brilliant” and “you star” featured highly in the new poll and they can hint at both your pleasure at someone’s action, as well as serving to express your thanks. If you are on the receiving end of a “new” thank you, you can respond with a simple “no problem”, or “sure”.
Of course, in certain circumstances, a simple wave, nod or smile may be appropriate. For instance, if a car driver slows down to let you cross the road, simply raising your hand in acknowledgement is enough to show that you appreciate the driver’s consideration.
Sometimes, formality is necessary, and “thank you” is still the best choice in such situations. But students should not worry about when exactly to use certain expressions.
Many people in Western countries are worried that good manners are in decline. People are tired of seeing their acts of kindness and service pass without comment. So don’t think your “thank you” is clumsy or awkwardly formal. The chances are, if you said “thank you”, you made someone’s day. You star.
9．We can tell from the results of the poll that __________.
A．people are unconcerned about politeness nowadays.
B．“thank you” remains the best expression of gratitude.
C．there is a variety of expressions of appreciation.
D．there are more formal expressions than informal ones.
10．According to the passage, which is an appropriate response to “awesome” or “brilliant”
A．Thanks. B．Sure. C．Nice one. D．Cheers. .
11．In the last paragraph the author encourages people to .
A．show their gratitude to others. B．behave themselves well.
C．continue their acts of kindness. D．stop worrying about bad manners.
12．Which of the following can serve as the best title of this passage
A．How to Appear More Polite . B．Ways to Show Gratitude.
C．Never hesitate to Say “Thank You”. D．Good Manners in Decline!
二、七选五
Handwritten Chinese characters can be beautiful. Living in a digital era with smartphones and computers, most students sooner or later ask themselves this question:____13____
Knowing how to write Chinese characters by hand is just cool. It feels like magic when you write a few strokes (笔画)on paper that don’t normally make sense, but they suddenly come together and create a meaning.____14____
Handwriting characters trains your muscle memory, making characters stay longer in your memory and improving your reading and speaking skills. ____15____However, without knowing how to write characters by hand, you are very unlikely to reach a level above intermediate (中级的).
____16____Handwriting characters is a form of meditation. Once you learn how to stay focused, you will not only notice that your concentration skills improve, but you will also find yourself feeling calm and relaxed when writing characters.
Most people agree that we should learn to write last least some characters at some point as a student of Chinese, although not necessarily straight away and not necessarily all the characters that you can say. But unless you don’t care about written language at all, you should learn the basics of handwriting.____17____You don’t need to be a calligraphy master, but you do need basic handwriting skills to do this. Simply looking at things is, as usual, a bad way of learning.
A．And amazingly, you can understand it.
B．Is it important to learn Chinese culture
C．Handwriting characters trains your-concentration.
D．Learning characters is a good idea for all students.
E．Without it, it will be very hard to understand characters.
F．Is it really necessary to learn how to write by hand in Chinese
G．You can learn Chinese to a certain level without handwriting characters.
三、完形填空
Sign has become a scientific hot button. Only in the past 20 years have specialists in language study realized that signed languages are ___18___ —a speech of the hand. They offer a new way to probe how the brain generates and ___19___ language, and throw new light on an old scientific ___20___: whether language, ___21___ with grammar, is something that we are born with, or whether it is a ___22___ behavior. The current interest in sign language has roots in the ___23___ work of one rebel teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington, D．C．, the world’s only liberal arts university for deaf people.
When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English, the school enrolled him in a course in signing. But Stokoe noticed something ___24___; among themselves, students signed differently from his classroom teacher.
Stokoe had been taught a sort of gestural ___25___, each movement of the hands representing a word in English. At the time, American Sign Language (ASL) was thought to be no more than a form of pidgin English (混杂英语). But Stokoe believed the “hand ___26___” his students used looked richer. He wondered: Might deaf people actually have a genuine language And could that language be ___27___ any other on Earth It was 1955, when even deaf people _____28_____ their signing as “substandard”. Stokoe’s idea was academic heresy – a belief contrary to what was generally accepted.
It is 37 years later. Stokoe—now devoting his time to writing and editing books and journals and to producing video materials on ASL and the deaf culture—is having lunch at a cafe near the Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a(n) ___29___. For decades educators fought his idea that signed languages are natural languages ___30___ English, French and Japanese. They assumed language must be based on speech, the modulation (调节) of sound. But sign language is based on the movement of hands, the modulation of ___31___. “What I said,” Stokoe explains, “is that language is not mouth stuff(素材)—it’s ___32___ stuff.”
18．A．unique B．neutral C．inexact D．vague
19．A．varies B．applies C．interrelates D．understands
20．A．argument B．definition C．conclusion D．statement
21．A．familiar B．complete C．changeable D．comparative
22．A．adopted B．inherited C．introduced D．learned
23．A．pioneering B．concluding C．proceeding D．imitating
24．A．casual B．odd C．witty D．tricky
25．A．clue B．file C．code D．digit
26．A．talk B．gossip C．clap D．shake
27．A．characteristic of B．different from C．equal to D．worthy of
28．A．contributed B．signified C．justified D．dismissed
29．A．evolution B．procedure C．revolution D．presentation
30．A．with B．among C．as D．like
31．A．space B．rhythm C．volume D．rate
32．A．culture B．brain C．muscle D．heart
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Gift giving has been a long tradition that dates back thousands of years as far back as man can remember. As human beings, we are social creatures who enjoy each other’s company and expressing____33____(we)feelings through the giving of gifts.
The giving of gifts may be one of the oldest of human ____34____(activity)that predates civilization and may date back ____35____the origin of our species. Even in primitive cavemen culture, the giving of gifts was ____36____(fair) common as it was used to show love and affection towards one another. The presenting of gifts was also inferred as a status symbol when leaders of tribes(部落)would show their____37____(appreciate)for the contributions of those who were part of an important achievement. Whether it was an unusually shaped rock, a tooth from an animal, the bark from a tree____38____some other item that was natural in origin, the giving of gifts had been certainly common behavior long before an advanced civilization came into being.
Today, gift giving is spread across all cultures around the world. Gifts ____39____(give)to family members, friends, those we work with and even neighbors who receive gifts of all different types. The psychology of ____40____ gift giving is so rewarding is simple:It allows people____41____ (connect). Making connections with people around us gives us a sense of purpose and feeling of satisfaction. This feeling is one that enlightens the soul and brings out the _____42_____(good) in us.
五、根据首字母填写单词
43．For your homework this week, please do some research on the major achievements of Isaac Newton and give a full d___________ of one of these in class. (根据首字母单词拼写)
44．"Any attempt to cut off the flesh and b______ ties between China's army and the Chinese people will fail," Ren said. (根据首字母填空)
45．Our headteacher r_______to his unforgettable teaching experience during his yesterday’s speech. (根据首字母单词拼写)
六、根据汉语意思填写单词
46．Luck is the biggest____________（因素）in his success. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
47．One important biological ________(因素)that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women. (根据汉语提示单词拼写）
48．Gas has another name in British English, which is_______________(汽油).
七、根据中英文提示填写单词
49．I greatly a ________ (感激) being given such a great chance to serve the students. (根据中英文提示填空)
50．D________ his cries, no one came to his assistance. (尽管) （根据中英文提示填空）
八、根据所给汉语提示填空
51．Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity ________ (视觉比听觉更重要)．(根据汉语提示完成句子)
52．Little Tom has ________ ________ ________(……有麻烦) physics ever since he was in junior Grade Two. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
53．It is unlikely that the two sides will be able to __________________（消除分歧）. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
九、句型转换
54．(普通表达)Dina had struggled for months to find a job as a waitress, and finally took a position at a local advertising agency.(同义句转换)
(高级表达)________________ a job as a waitress, Dina finally took a position at a local advertising agency.(现在分词短语作状语)
55．Last week we visited the museum. My grandfather used to work there thirty years ago. (用定语从句合并)
十、汉译英（整句）
56．郑旭交上了准备良久的作业，期待着得到好评。(动词 ing 做伴随状语)(汉译英)
57．这些图片源于上层社会占据主流的时代。（belong to）（汉译英）
58．只有每个人都尽最大努力保护濒危物种，我们的行动才会改变这个共同生活的星球的现状。(Only...，difference) （汉译英）
十一、汉译英（单词/短语）
汉译英
59．请一天假 ________
60．生病在家 ________
61．使它们变得特殊 ________
62．看到这份奉献与勤奋被反映在照片中 ________
63．他的生活方式 ________
64．共用浴室的小公寓 _________
65．给…提供好处 ________
66．珍视他的正直 ________
67．被别人收买 ________
68．去远方的航班 ________
十二、读写任务
69．请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
Is youth lingo ruining the Chinese language
Young people often create their own language that goes beyond rigid linguistic rules. This year's latest slang （俚语） terms add a further simplification: the use of pinyin acronyms （首字母缩略词）. “Awsl,” in pinyin, for instance,means “Ah, wo si le” （Oh, I'm gonna die）, and is used if something is too cute or adorable to bear. “Pyq” stands for “pengyou quan”，the social feed on the popular Chinese social media app WeChat, and “nsdd” stands for “ni shuo de dui” （you're right）.
Teens want to be different from their parents, so it's natural for them to create and use their own linguistic terms to show that. In doing so, young people are indeed driving linguistic change. They aren't the only factor influencing language development, but they can indeed transform how future generations communicate.
Critics fear that Chinese internet slang will have the potential to negatively influence broader linguistic trends of Mandarin Chinese, in particular, the gradual taking over of pinyin. As pinyin gets widely used when texting or writing on mobile phone or computer, while less and less people write characters by hand, people gradually forget how to write them. The phenomenon has got a name in China: Character amnesia （健忘症）
【写作内容】
1. 用约30个单词概述上文年轻人使用网络语言的现象；
2. 用约120个单词发表你的观点，内容包括：
谈谈你的看法，并用2 3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。
【写作要求】
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
十三、完成句子
70．昨晚，那位科学家在演讲中三次提到全球气候变暖。
The scientist ________ ________ global warming three times in his speech last night.
71．It’s surprising how much simple movements of the body can affect the way ____________________.
令人惊讶的是，简单的身体运动会影响我们的思考方式多少。
试卷第1页，共3页
试卷第1页，共3页
参考答案：
1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了最新的研究表明，睡觉时听外语能帮助我们学习语言。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“It sounds almost too good to be true, but a new study on sleeping brains suggests that listening to languages while you sleep can actually help you to learn them.(听起来好得令人难以置信，但一项关于睡眠中的大脑的新研究表明，在睡觉时听语言确实有助于你学习这些语言)”可知，根据新的研究我们睡觉时可以学习语言。故选B。
2．词句猜测题。根据上文“When the subjects woke up, they were presented with the artificial words again without their translations.(当受试者醒来时，他们再次看到人造单词，但没有翻译)”可知，they指代上文中提到的复数名词the artificial words。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Unbelievably, the subjects were able to correctly classify the words in this way at an accuracy rate that was 10 per cent higher than random chance.(令人难以置信的是，受试者能够以这种方式正确地对单词进行分类，其准确率比随机概率高出10%)”可知，作者对研究的发现感到很惊喜。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The next step for researchers will he to see if new information can be acquired quicker during wakefulness if it is already presented during sleep.(研究人员的下一步将是，如果新信息已经在睡眠中呈现，那么在清醒状态下是否能更快地获得这些信息)”可知，在他们的下一步研究中，研究人员专注于寻找是否可以利用深度睡眠更快地学习。故选C。
5．D 6．C 7．C 8．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了非语言交流的重要性。
5．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Have you ever wondered why you sometimes take an almost immediate liking to a person you have just met We often get the first impression of a people based on the color of a person’s skin or the manner in which he or she dressed. Meaning is conveyed not only by words or verbal languages but also by nonverbal communication systems, such as body behaviors.”（你有没有想过，为什么有时你刚见到一个人就会立刻喜欢上他 我们对一个人的第一印象往往取决于一个人的肤色或穿着方式。意思的传递不仅通过文字或口头语言，也通过非语言交流系统，如身体行为。）可知，本文讲述非语言交流的重要性，故文章最好的标题是“非语言沟通的重要性”。故选D项。
6．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Nonverbal communication is important because we use the actions of others to learn about their affective emotional states .Our emotions are reflected in our posture, face, and eyes—be it fear, joy, anger, or sadness—so we can express them without ever saying a word .”（非语言交流很重要，因为我们通过别人的行为来了解他们的情感状态。我们的情绪反映在我们的姿势、面部表情和眼睛上——无论是恐惧、喜悦、愤怒还是悲伤——所以我们可以一言不发地表达出来。）可推知，我们可以通过眼睛知道一个人的感受，因为一个人的感受可以通过他的肢体语言反映出来。故选C项。
7．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Nonverbal communication is significant in human interaction because it is usually responsible for the first impressions.”（非语言交流在人际交往中很重要，因为它通常负责第一印象。）可知，第一印象往往是通过非语言交流传递的。所以C项We often get the first impression by what a person says.（第一印象通常是通过一个人所说的话来获得的。）的叙述是错误的。故选C项。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Each culture has its own specific interpretation on nonverbal communication. What is acceptable in one culture may be completely unacceptable in another. One culture may determine that snapping fingers to call a waiter is acceptable; another may consider this gesture rude.”（每一种文化对非语言交际都有自己独特的解释。在一种文化中可以接受的东西在另一种文化中可能完全不能接受。一种文化可能决定打响指叫服务员是可以接受的；另一个人可能会认为这个手势很粗鲁。）可推知，每种文化都有自己对非语言交流的具体解释。故选B项。
9．C 10．B 11．A 12．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，说明了有几种方法表达感谢，有正式表达、不正式表达，“谢谢你”是正式表达，可能是每个人学英语时第一次学到的表达，是第20种表达感谢的方法，其它19种都是不正式表达。
9．细节理解题，由第二段最后一句“19 other ways of expressing appreciation finished ahead of “thank you” in a poll of 3,000 people”（在3000人参与的一项民意调查中，其他19种表达感激的方式排在“thank you”之前）可知，从调查结果中我们可以看出，表达赞赏的方式多种多样。故选C。
10．细节理解题。由第四段“For example, words like “awesome”, “brilliant” and “you star” featured highly in the new poll and they can hint at both your pleasure at someone’s action, as well as serving to express your thanks. If you are on the receiving end of a “new” thank you, you can respond with a simple “no problem”, or “sure”.”（例如，“awesome”、“brilliant”和“you star”等词在新调查中表现得很好，它们既可以暗示你对某人的行为感到高兴，也可以用来表达你的感谢。如果你收到了一封“新”的感谢信，你可以用简单的“没问题”或“确定”来回复。可知，“当然”是对“棒极了“”或“太棒了”的恰当回应，故选B。
11．推理判断题，由最后一段“Many people in Western countries are worried that good manners are in decline. People are tired of seeing their acts of kindness and service pass without comment. So don’t think your “thank you” is clumsy or awkwardly formal. The chances are, if you said “thank you”, you made someone’s day. You star.”（许多西方国家的人担心良好的礼貌用语正在下降。人们厌倦了看到他们的善举和服务被忽视。所以不要认为你的“谢谢”是笨拙的或尴尬的正式。很有可能，如果你说了“谢谢”，你就会给别人带来快乐。你太棒了。）可知，本段鼓励人们对别人表达感谢，故选A。
12．主旨大意题，由文章的主要意思“有几种方法表达感谢，有正式表达、不正式表达，“谢谢你”是正式表达，可能是每个人学英语时第一次学到的表达，是第20种表达感谢的方法，其它19种都是不正式表达”，可以推出最佳标题是“表达感谢的方法”。故选B。
13．F 14．A 15．G 16．C 17．E
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了汉字对于汉语的学习有着很重要的帮助作用。
13．上文“Handwritten Chinese characters can be beautiful. Living in a digital era with smartphones and computers, most students sooner or later ask themselves this question”（手写汉字很漂亮。生活在有着手机和电脑的数字化时代，大多数学生迟早都会问自己这这问题）说明汉字很漂亮，但在数字化的时代里，学生们不经会问自己是否需要手写汉字，下文又在介绍手写汉字的重要性，F项表示否有必要学习如何手写汉字，符合题意。故选F项。
14．上文“Knowing how to write Chinese characters by hand is just cool. It feels like magic when you write a few strokes (笔画)on paper that don’t normally make sense, but they suddenly come together and create a meaning.”（知道如何用手写汉字是一件很酷的事情。你在纸上写一些通常没有意义的笔画，但突然结合在一起产生了意义，这感觉就像魔法一样）说明手写汉字是一件很酷的事，它就像魔法一般，每一笔画结合在一起就有了意义。并且我们可以理解它的意义。这里是递进关系，有了意义，我们就能理解它。A项意思为：神奇的是，你可以理解它，符合题意。故选A项。
15．下文“However, without knowing how to write characters by hand, you are very unlikely to reach a level above intermediate(中级的).”（然而，不知道如何用手写字的话，你很可能达不到中级水平）说明不会写汉字的话，我们的汉语达不到中级水平，这里转折了，说明不会写汉字的话我们的汉语水平只能停留在一定的水平上。G项说不会手写汉字的话你的汉语可以达到一定水平，但只能停留在这儿了，符合题意。故选G项。
16．下文“Handwriting characters is a form of meditation. Once you learn how to stay focused, you will not only notice that your concentration skills improve, but you will also find yourself feeling calm and relaxed when writing characters.”（手写汉字是一种冥想。一旦学会了专注，你就会发现这不仅可以提高专注能力，还可以让你在写字的时候变得平静和轻松）说明写汉字可以提高我们的专注度，C项说手写汉字可以训练专注度，符合题意。故选C项。
17．上文“But unless you don’t care about written language at all, you should learn the basics of handwriting.”（但是，除非你根本不在乎书写语言，否则你应该学习书写的基础）说明如果我们在乎书写语言，就应该学习书写的基础。从而可知，书写基础对于汉字的理解很重要。E项说没有手写汉字基础的话，汉字很难理解。其中it指的就是the basics of handwriting。故选E项。
18．A 19．D 20．A 21．C 22．D 23．A 24．B 25．C 26．A 27．B 28．D 29．C 30．D 31．A 32．B
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了华盛顿特区加劳德特大学的教师比尔·斯托科提出的一个开创性理念——手语是像其他语言一样自然的语言，他还认为语言不是嘴巴的功能，而是大脑的功能。
18．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：只有在过去的20年里，语言研究专家才意识到手语是独一无二的。A. unique独一无二的；B. neutral中性的；C. inexact不精确的；D. vague含糊的。根据空后的介绍可知，手语是独一无二的。故A项正确。
19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们为探索大脑如何生成和理解语言提供了一种新的方法。
A. varies改变；B. applies应用；C. interrelates相互关联；D. understands理解。根据空前的“how the brain generates and”可知此处指“大脑如何生成和理解语言”。故D项正确。
20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们还为一个古老的科学争论提供了新的视角：语言，随着语法而变化，是我们与生俱来的，还是后天习得的行为。A. argument争论；B. definition定义；C. conclusion结论；D. statement陈述。空后的“whether language, 4 with grammar, is something that we are born with, or whether it is a 5 behavior.”是一个科学争论，故A项正确。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. familiar熟悉的；B. complete完整的；C. changeable不定的、可改变的；D. comparative比较的。根据常识可知，语言随着语法而变化。故C项正确。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. adopted采取；B. inherited继承； C. introduced介绍；D. learned学习。根据空前的“is something that we are born with”可知此处指“语言是我们与生俱来的还是通过后天的学习获得的”。故D项正确。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：目前人们对手语的兴趣源于华盛顿特区加劳德特大学一位叛逆教师的开创性工作，该大学是世界上唯一一所聋哑人文科大学。A. pioneering开创性的；B. concluding推断的；C. proceeding行进的；D. imitating模仿的。下文说斯托科提出手语是像英语、法语、日语一样自然的语言，因此他的手语理念是开创性的。故A项正确。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当比尔·斯托科去加拉德教英语时，学校给他报了一门手语课程，但是斯托科注意到了一些奇怪的事情；在他们之中，学生们的手语和他学到的手语不一样。A. casual随便的；B. odd奇怪的；C. witty诙谐的；D. tricky狡猾的。冒号后说学生们的手语和他学校的手语不一样，这一点是很奇怪的。故B项正确。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：斯托科学过一种手势代码，每一个手势代表一个英语单词。A. clue线索；B. file文件；C. code代码；D. digit数字。根据常识可知，手语是通过手势代码表达意思的。故C项正确。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当时，美国手语被认为不过是混杂英语的一种形式，但斯托科认为，他的学生使用的手语看起来更丰富。A. talk交谈；B. gossip八卦；C. clap鼓掌；D. shake握手。本文主要讲的就是手语，此处“talk hand”指的是手语。故A项正确。
27．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：他在想：聋哑人是否真的有一种真正的语言 这种语言和地球上的其他语言有什么不同吗？A. characteristic of特有的；B. different from与……不同的；C. equal to与……相等的；D. worthy of值得的。下文斯托科提出手语是像英语、法语和日语为一样的自然语言，因此此处是说斯托科在想聋哑人的手语是否不同于其他的语言。故B项正确。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那是在1955年，即使是聋哑人也认为他们的手语不够标准。A. contributed贡献；B. signified表明；C. justified调整；D. dismissed不予理会、不予考虑。Dismiss…as…表示“将……视为/当作”，故D项正确。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他正在加拉德特校园附近的一家咖啡馆吃午饭，并解释他是如何发动一场革命的。A. evolution演变；B. procedure步骤；C. revolution革命；D. presentation展示。空后说斯托科的手语理念是开创性的，空后又说他认为手语是像英语、法语和日语这样的自然语言，因此此处是说他发起了一场聋哑人的手语革命。故C项正确。
30．考查介词词义辨析。句意：几十年来，教育家们一直反对他的观点，即手语是像英语、法语和日语这样的自然语言。A. with和；B. among在……之间；C. as作为；D. like像。根据空后的“English, French and Japanese”可知此处指像英语、法语和日语这样的自然语言。故D项正确。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们认为语言必须基于语音，即声音的调制，但手语是基于手的移动，空间的调节。A. space空间、距离；B. rhythm节奏；C. volume体积；D. rate比率。根据常识可知，手语基于手的移动和空间的调节。故A项正确。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：斯托科解释说：“语言不是嘴巴的功能，而是大脑的功能。”A. culture文化；B. brain大脑；C. muscle肌肉；D. heart心灵。根据空前的“language is not mouth stuff”可知，斯托科认为语言不是嘴巴的功能，而是大脑的功能。故B项正确。
33．our 34．activities 35．to 36．fairly 37．appreciation 38．or 39．are given 40．why 41．to connect##to be connected 42．best
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了送礼的历史及意义。
33．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：作为人类，我们是社会动物，喜欢彼此的陪伴，并通过赠送礼物来表达我们的感情。分析句子可知，设空处在句中限定后面的名词feelings，此处应用形容词性物主代词；we的形容词性物主代词为our，表示“我们的”。故填our。
34．考查名词。句意：赠送礼物可能是人类文明之前最古老的活动之一，可以追溯到我们这个物种的起源。分析句子可知，设空处在句中宾语，应用名词；结合前面的one of可知，此处应用复数名词。故填activities。
35．考查固定搭配。句意：赠送礼物可能是人类文明之前最古老的活动之一，可以追溯到我们这个物种的起源。date back to为固定搭配，表示“追溯到”。故填to。
36．考查副词。句意：即使在原始洞穴文化中，赠送礼物也是相当普遍的，因为它被用来表达对彼此的爱和感情。分析句子可知，设空处在句中修饰形容词common，作状语，应用副词；fair的副词形式为fairly，表示“相当地”。故填fairly。
37．考查名词。句意：赠送礼物也被推断为一种地位的象征，部落的领导人会对那些为重要成就做出贡献的人表示感谢。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作宾语，应用名词；结合句意可知，此处指“表示感激”，appreciate的名词形式为appreciation。故填appreciation。
38．考查并列连词。句意：无论礼物是形状奇特的岩石、动物的牙齿、树皮还是其他天然的东西，在先进文明出现之前，赠送礼物肯定是一种普遍的行为。分析句子可知，设空处后面的some other item that was natural in origin与前面的an unusually shaped rock, a tooth from an animal, the bark from a tree为并列结构，故此处应用并列连词；结合前面的whether可知，此处表选择，应用or。故填or。
39．考查动词时态语态。句意：我们会把礼物送给家人、朋友、同事，甚至邻居，他们会收到各种各样的礼物。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作谓语，应用动词；主语为gifts，与give之间为被动关系，应用被动语态be done结构；结合上下文动词时态可知，此处表示一般陈述，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为复数形式，故谓语动词也用复数形式。故填are given。
40．考查宾语从句。句意：为什么送礼物如此有益的心理学原理很简单：它能让人们建立联系。分析句子可知，设空处位于介词of后，在句中引导一个从句，这是一个宾语从句，从句中不缺主干成分，结合句意可知，此处表示“为什么送礼物如此有益”，设空处在从句中作原因状语，应用why引导。故填why。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：为什么送礼物如此有益的心理学原理很简单：它能让人们建立联系。分析句子可知，句中已有谓语动词，设空处只能填非谓语动词形式；结合前面的allow可知，allow sb to do sth为固定搭配，表示“允许某人做某事”，设空处应用to do不定式，故可用to connect。人与人之间的联系是双向的，也可以是被联系，故也可用to be connected。故填to connect或to be connected。
42．考查形容词最高级。句意：这种感觉能启迪我们的灵魂，激发出我们最好的一面。根据设空处前面的定冠词the和后面的in可知，此处指“我们最好的一面”，应用形容词最高级。故填best。
43．description##escription
【详解】考查名词。句意：本周的家庭作业，请研究艾萨克·牛顿的主要成就，并在课堂上详细描述其中一项。根据单词首字母以及句意“描述”可知应填名词description，作宾语，不定冠词提示用单数。故填description。
44．bone
【详解】考查名词。句意：任说：“任何企图切断中国军队与中国人民之间的骨肉相连的做法都会失败。”根据单词首字母以及句意“骨”可知应填名词bone，短语 flesh and bone“骨肉”。故填bone。
45．referred##eferred
【详解】考查动词。句意：我们的校长在昨天的演讲中提到了他难忘的教学经历。根据空后介词to和首字母r可知，refer to提及，动词短语，符合题意；由时间状语“during his yesterday’s speech.”可知，空处动词需用一般过去时。故填referred。
46．factor
【详解】考查名词。句意：运气是他成功的最大因素。分析句子，设空处应该填写名词作表语。根据汉语提示，表示“因素”，应用factor，此处表示特指应该用单数。故填factor。
47．factor
【详解】考查名词。句意：帮助女性活得更久的一个重要的生物学因素是男性和女性在荷尔蒙方面的差异。分析句子可知，设空处后接定语从句，因此设空处为先行词，应为名词，在从句中做主语，由one可知应用单数名词。根据汉语提示，故填factor。
48．petrol
【详解】考查名词。句意：汽油Gas在英式英语中有另外一个名字, 是petrol。根据句意可知，petrol作为名词，在be动词is后作表语，表示“汽油”的意思，是不可数名词，没有复数形式。故填petrol。
49．appreciate##ppreciate
【详解】考查动词。句意：我非常感激能有这样一个为学生服务的机会。分析句意可知，本句是描述的是一般情况，所以时态用一般现在时；再根据汉语提示和首字母提示，此处用动词appreciate表示“感激”作谓语，符合语境。故填appreciate。
50．Despite##espite
【详解】考查介词。句意：尽管他大声喊叫，没有人来帮助他。根据中英文提示可知，despite尽管，介词，首字母应大写。故填Despite。
51．where sight matters more than hearing
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那些成功的聋人舞者认为跳舞是一种视觉比听觉更重要的活动。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词an activity在定语从句中作状语表示抽象的地点，应使用关系副词where引导定语从句；表示“视觉”含义的词为：sight；表示“听觉”含义的词为：hearing；表示“比……更重要”含义的表达为：matter more than，因句子表达的是一个客观事实，定语从句的谓语动词应使用一般现在时，故填where sight matters more than hearing。
52． had trouble with
【详解】考查固定用法和时态。句意：自从初中二年级开始，小汤姆身体就有问题。have trouble with表示……有麻烦。Since是现在完成时的标志词，故主句要用现在完成时。故填had；trouble；with。
53．bridge their gaps
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：双方不太可能弥合分歧。“消除分歧”翻译为bridge their gaps，其中bridge在这里是动词，意思是“架桥，渡过”，gap是名词，意思是“间隙，差距”；be able to do sth.“能做某事”。故填bridge their gaps。
54．Having struggled for months to find
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：蒂娜努力了好几个月才找到一份服务员的工作，最后在当地一家广告公司找到了一份工作。Dina had struggled for months to find a job as a waitress转化成非谓语动词，Dina与struggle为主动关系，所以非谓动词为现在分词的完成时。故填Having struggled for months to find。
55．Last week we visited the museum where my grandfather used to work thirty years ago.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：上周我们参观了我祖父30年前工作过的博物馆。分析两句句意可知，第二句可以作为第一句的定语从句，先行词为the museum，与第二句的there指代一致，先行词作从句的地点状语，因此，用关系副词where引导定语从句。故答案为Last week we visited the museum where my grandfather used to work thirty years ago.
56．Zheng Xu handed in the assignment for which he had spent days preparing, looking forward to getting a positive comment.
【详解】考查定语从句，动词固定短语和非谓语动词。分析所给中文提示词可知，本句主语是“郑旭”译为“Zheng Xu”，谓语是“交上了”为固定动词短语hand in，此处描述的是过去发生的事，用一般过去时，宾语是“作业”译为“assignment”，“准备良久的”修饰作业做定语，又包含有动词，所以此处应该用定语从句，“准备”为固定短语搭配：prepare for，所以此处关系词应该用“介词+which”形式，故译为“for which he had spent days preparing”，“期待着得到好评”中“期待”为固定搭配：look forward to，根据题干要求，用现在分词做伴随状语，所以译为“looking forward to”，“得到好评”应是“get a positive comment”，get应该用动名词形式作介词to的宾语。结合其他汉语提示，故译为：Zheng Xu handed in the assignment for which he had spent days preparing, looking forward to getting a positive comment.
57．The pictures belong to an era when there was a preoccupation with high society.
【详解】考查从句、短语和名词。表示“图片”应用名词picture，其复数形式在句中作主语；表示“属于”短语为belong to，在句中作谓语；表示“时代”为名词era，在句中作宾语；表示“上层社会占据主流”为定语从句when there was a preoccupation with high society，先行词为era；结合句意，从句叙述过去的事，时态为一般过去时，主句描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故翻译为The pictures belong to an era when there was a preoccupation with high society.
58．Only when everyone does their best to preserve the endangered species, will/can our action(s) make a difference to the planet where we all live.
【详解】考查时态、部分倒装、定语从句和短语。“濒危物种”用名词短语the endangered species表达；“最大努力保护濒危物种”用动词短语do one’s best to preserve the endangered species；“每个人都尽最大努力保护濒危物种”谓语用一般现在时，表达为“everyone does their best to preserve the endangered species”；“我们的行动”用名词短语our action(s)表达；“改变这个共同生活的星球的现状”表达为“make a difference to the planet where we all live”，where we all live为定语从句修饰先行词the planet；“我们的行动才会改变这个共同生活的星球的现状”用谓语用一般将来时或can+动词原形，可表达为our action(s) will/can make a difference to the planet where we all live；句子分析可知“只有每个人都尽最大努力保护濒危物种”应表达为only+状语从句，only+状语置于句首，句子部分倒装，故翻译为Only when everyone does their best to preserve the endangered species, will/can our action(s) make a difference to the planet where we all live.
59．take a day off 60．stay home sick 61．make them special 62．see this devotion and hard work reflected within / in his photos 63．his approach to life 64．a small apartment with a shared washroom 65．offer benefit(s) to sb. 66．value one’s integrity 67．be bought by others 68．a flight to a faraway destination
【解析】59．请一天假，“请假”的英文表达是take …off，“一天”是a day，故答案填take a day off。
60．生病在家，“生病”的英文表达是sick，“在家”是stay home, 故答案填stay home sick。
61．使它们变得特殊，“使它们”的英文表达是make them, “特殊的”是special，故答案填make them special。
62．看到这份奉献与勤奋被反映在照片中，“看到…被做”的英文表达是see sth done,“奉献”是devotion，“勤奋”是hard work, “反映”是reflect，“在照片中”是within / in his photos, 故答案填see this devotion and hard work reflected within / in his photos。
63．他的生活方式，“生活方式”的英文表达是approach to life，故答案填his approach to life。
64．共用浴室的小公寓，“公寓”的英文表达是apartment ，“共用的”是shared，“浴室”是washroom，故答案填a small apartment with a shared washroom。
65．给…提供好处，“提供”的英文表达是offer，“好处”是benefit（s），故答案填offer benefit(s) to sb。
66．珍视他的正直，“珍视”的英文表达是value，“正直”是integrity， 故答案填value one’s integrity。
67．被别人收买，“收买”的英文表达是buy，过去分词为bought，被动的表达为be done，故答案填be bought by others。
68．去远方的航班，“去…航班”的英文表达是a flight to，“远方”是a faraway destination, 故答案填a flight to a faraway destination。
69．Nowadays, young people often create some new slangs to differentiate themselves. However, with the rapid development of Internet lingo, many critics, especially the seniors, believe that the emergence of such lingo will damage the foundation of Chinese language.
In my opinion, it is not necessary to worry about the new slang that will likely weaken the new generation’s capability of writing or remembering Chinese characters. There are two reasons. Firstly, the purpose of language is to convey ideas and share opinions. Thus, the prevailing youth lingo,as a more concise and efficient way of expression, is in fact an enrichment of modern Chinese language. Secondly, since every era has its own young generation,the youth lingo, can be a new indentity for young people ,cannot pollute or extinct Chinese language but by contrast, it may become an emblem or living fossil of this specific era.
To conclude, while language development is inevitable, Chinese internet lingo is unlikely to replace the existing use of Mandarin Chinese but will be enriching it by adding a new layer or dimension to it.
【分析】这是一篇议论文。青少年希望与父母不同，所以他们自然会创造并使用自己的语言来表达这一点。年轻人这样做确实推动了语言的变化。它们并不是影响语言发展的唯一因素，但它们确实可以改变后代的交流方式。
【详解】第一步，明确任务。认真阅读命题，弄清任务和要求。很明显，任务一是“概括短文的内容要点”。注意:概括阶段并不需要加上个人的见解。任务二是“发表你的看法”。你可以同意或者反对文章观点，也可以对文章的各种观点进行折中。
第二步，概括转述所给的短文的大意。对短文进行概括是一个获取信息、加工信息的过程，需要严谥的思维和准确的表达能力，而且要使用自己的语言来表达，“不要抄袭阅读材料中的句子”。因此，“概括短文的内容要点”，实为客观简要地转述作者的观点、论据和结论。（Nowadays, young people often create some new slangs to differentiate themselves. However, with the rapid development of Internet lingo, many critics, especially the seniors, believe that the emergence of such lingo will damage the foundation of Chinese language.）
第三步，发表你的观点，并用2 3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。（Firstly, the purpose of language is to convey ideas and share opinions. Secondly, since every era has its own young generation,the youth lingo, can be a new indentity for young people ,cannot pollute or extinct Chinese language but by contrast, it may become an emblem or living fossil of this specific era.）
【点睛】范文语言简洁明了，全面转述了所给的文字材料；语言地道自然，没有语法错误，全文没有中式英语；文章层次清晰有条理，衔接过渡自然；文章使用了较为高级的词汇，如in my opinion; in fact; by contrast等；同时使用了较为高级的句子，如主语从句it is not necessary to worry about the new slang that will likely weaken the new generation’s capability of writing or remembering Chinese characters.；让步状语从句while language development is inevitable, Chinese internet lingo is unlikely to replace the existing use of Mandarin Chinese but will be enriching it by adding a new layer or dimension to it等。
70． referred to
【详解】考查短语和时态。短语refer to表示“提到”，符合汉语句意，根据last night可知，时态为一般过去时。故填①referred②to。
71．that/in which we think
【详解】考查定语从句。根据句意以及句子结构可知，空处为the way的定语从句，先行词在定语从句中作方式状语，所以可以用that或者in which来引导。表示“我们思考”可以翻译为“we think”。故填that/in which we think。
答案第1页，共2页
答案第1页，共2页
一、阅读理解
It sounds almost too good to be true, but a new study on sleeping brains suggests that listening to languages while you sleep can actually help you to learn them.“What we found in our study is that the sleeping brain can actually encode (编码) new information and store it for a long term,” said Marc lust, co-first-author of the paper.
For the study, researchers played recordings of foreign words and their translations to sleeping subjects enjoying deep sleep, a stage when a person has little consciousness (意识) of their environment. To ensure that the results were not compromised by foreign language words that subjects may have had some connection with at some point in their waking lives, researchers made up totally artificial foreign words. When the subjects woke up, they were presented with the artificial words again without their translations. The subjects were then asked to imagine whether they meant an object that was smaller or larger than a shoebox.
Unbelievably, the subjects were able to correctly classify the words in this way at an accuracy rate that was 10 per cent higher than random chance. That’s not a rate high enough to have them suddenly speak in a foreign tongue, but it is enough to suggest that the brain is still absorbing information on some level, even during sleep.
“If you present ‘biktum’ and ‘bird’ to sleeping humans, their brains can make a new connection between the known concept ‘bird’ and the completely new and unknown word ‘biktum’,” Züst explained. “This sleep-formed memory trace (痕迹) lasts until the following wakefulness and can influence how you react to ‘biktum’ even though you think you’ve never met with that word before.“I find it amazing that humans are competent at such complex information processing without consciousness,”said Züst.
The next step for researchers will he to see if new information can be acquired quicker during wakefulness if it is already presented during sleep. If so, it could forever change how we train our brains to learn new things. Sleep learning might become a widespread practice.
1．What can we do according to the new study
A．Improve our memory greatly.
B．Learn languages while sleeping.
C．Change our sleep in a positive way.
D．Speak new vocabulary during deep sleep.
2．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．The native words. B．The recordings.
C．The artificial words. D．The translations.
3．How did the author respond to the findings of the study
A．Doubtful. B．Confused.
C．Slightly disappointed. D．Pleasantly surprised.
4．What will researchers focus on in their next research
A．Discovering a cure for memory decline.
B．Promoting the widespread use of sleep learning.
C．Finding whether to learn faster using deep sleep.
D．Researching ways to learn better during wakefulness.
Have you ever wondered why you sometimes take an almost immediate liking to a person you have just met We often get the first impression of a people based on the color of a person’s skin or the manner in which he or she dressed. Meaning is conveyed not only by words or verbal languages but also by nonverbal communication systems, such as body behaviors.
Nonverbal communication is important because we use the actions of others to learn about their affective emotional states. Our emotions are reflected in our posture, face, and eyes—be it fear, joy, anger, or sadness—so we can express them without ever saying a word .For this reason, most of us rely heavily on what we learn through our eyes.
Nonverbal communication is significant in human interaction because it is usually responsible for the first impressions. More importantly, those first messages usually influence the perception (感知) of everything else that follows. Even how we select friends and sexual partners is grounded in first impressions with nonverbal communication.
Nonverbal communication is important because it is culture-related. It is based on different beliefs, religions, values and customs in different cultures. When, where, how, and to whom people display his or her specific nonverbal behaviors is greatly affected by culture and context. Culture determines what the appropriate nonverbal behavior is.
For example, feelings of friendship exist everywhere but their expression varies. It may be appropriate in some countries for man to embrace each other and for women to hold hands; in other countries these displays of affection may be shocking. Each culture has its own specific interpretation on nonverbal communication. What is acceptable in one culture may be completely unacceptable in another. One culture may determine that snapping fingers to call a waiter is acceptable; another may consider this gesture rude.
5．What is the best title of the passage
A．Nonverbal communication and first impression
B．Nonverbal communication is culture-related
C．Nonverbal and verbal communication
D．The importance of nonverbal communication
6．We can know a person’s feeling through our eyes because________.
A．we can see a person’s feeling on his face.
B．a person’s emotions can be reflected through eyes.
C．a person’s feeling can be reflected through his body languages
D．we can see a person’s feeling through his posture
7．Which of the following statements is not True
A．Meaning can be conveyed both by words and body language.
B．We can use nonverbal communication to learn about a person’s emotional states.
C．We often get the first impression by what a person says.
D．The first impression can affect what we will do in the following.
8．What can we conclude from the last paragraph
A．we can use different ways to express friendship
B．each culture has its own specific interpretation on nonverbal communication
C．snapping fingers to call a waiter is acceptable
D．learning a country’s culture is very important.
Saying “thank you” is probably the first thing most of us learn to do in a foreign language. After all, we’re brought up to be polite, and it is important to make a good impression upon other people — especially across national divides.
So, what exactly are you supposed to say when “thank you” is only the 20th most popular way to express gratitude According to a recent survey, 19 other ways of expressing appreciation finished ahead of “thank you” in a poll of 3,000 people.
Pollsters(民测调查员) found almost half of those asked preferred the more informal “cheers”, while others liked to use such expressions as “ta”, “great” and “nice one”.
So, just what is the appropriate form of words to express your thanks
Fortunately, the clue is in the language itself. “Cheers”, despite its popularity, is considered an informal way to say thank you — and this is a definite clue as to when you can best use it.
For instance, when going for a drink with friends, a smile and a “cheers” by way of thanks is not only appropriate to the situation, it is also culturally accurate.
“Ta”, originated from the Danish word “tak”, was the second-most popular expression of thanks, and is also commonly used in informal situations, along with phrases such as “nice one”, and “brilliant”. Interestingly, one word that didn’t make it into the top 20 was “thanks”, Thank you is shorter, more informal cousin.
“Thanks” can be useful, as it is able to bridge the divide between the formality of “thank you” and the downright relaxed “cheers”.
Certain words can double as an expression of thanks as well as delight. Again, the words themselves offer the clue as to when best to use them.
For example, words like “awesome”, “brilliant” and “you star” featured highly in the new poll and they can hint at both your pleasure at someone’s action, as well as serving to express your thanks. If you are on the receiving end of a “new” thank you, you can respond with a simple “no problem”, or “sure”.
Of course, in certain circumstances, a simple wave, nod or smile may be appropriate. For instance, if a car driver slows down to let you cross the road, simply raising your hand in acknowledgement is enough to show that you appreciate the driver’s consideration.
Sometimes, formality is necessary, and “thank you” is still the best choice in such situations. But students should not worry about when exactly to use certain expressions.
Many people in Western countries are worried that good manners are in decline. People are tired of seeing their acts of kindness and service pass without comment. So don’t think your “thank you” is clumsy or awkwardly formal. The chances are, if you said “thank you”, you made someone’s day. You star.
9．We can tell from the results of the poll that __________.
A．people are unconcerned about politeness nowadays.
B．“thank you” remains the best expression of gratitude.
C．there is a variety of expressions of appreciation.
D．there are more formal expressions than informal ones.
10．According to the passage, which is an appropriate response to “awesome” or “brilliant”
A．Thanks. B．Sure. C．Nice one. D．Cheers. .
11．In the last paragraph the author encourages people to .
A．show their gratitude to others. B．behave themselves well.
C．continue their acts of kindness. D．stop worrying about bad manners.
12．Which of the following can serve as the best title of this passage
A．How to Appear More Polite . B．Ways to Show Gratitude.
C．Never hesitate to Say “Thank You”. D．Good Manners in Decline!
二、七选五
Handwritten Chinese characters can be beautiful. Living in a digital era with smartphones and computers, most students sooner or later ask themselves this question:____13____
Knowing how to write Chinese characters by hand is just cool. It feels like magic when you write a few strokes (笔画)on paper that don’t normally make sense, but they suddenly come together and create a meaning.____14____
Handwriting characters trains your muscle memory, making characters stay longer in your memory and improving your reading and speaking skills. ____15____However, without knowing how to write characters by hand, you are very unlikely to reach a level above intermediate (中级的).
____16____Handwriting characters is a form of meditation. Once you learn how to stay focused, you will not only notice that your concentration skills improve, but you will also find yourself feeling calm and relaxed when writing characters.
Most people agree that we should learn to write last least some characters at some point as a student of Chinese, although not necessarily straight away and not necessarily all the characters that you can say. But unless you don’t care about written language at all, you should learn the basics of handwriting.____17____You don’t need to be a calligraphy master, but you do need basic handwriting skills to do this. Simply looking at things is, as usual, a bad way of learning.
A．And amazingly, you can understand it.
B．Is it important to learn Chinese culture
C．Handwriting characters trains your-concentration.
D．Learning characters is a good idea for all students.
E．Without it, it will be very hard to understand characters.
F．Is it really necessary to learn how to write by hand in Chinese
G．You can learn Chinese to a certain level without handwriting characters.
三、完形填空
Sign has become a scientific hot button. Only in the past 20 years have specialists in language study realized that signed languages are ___18___ —a speech of the hand. They offer a new way to probe how the brain generates and ___19___ language, and throw new light on an old scientific ___20___: whether language, ___21___ with grammar, is something that we are born with, or whether it is a ___22___ behavior. The current interest in sign language has roots in the ___23___ work of one rebel teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington, D．C．, the world’s only liberal arts university for deaf people.
When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English, the school enrolled him in a course in signing. But Stokoe noticed something ___24___; among themselves, students signed differently from his classroom teacher.
Stokoe had been taught a sort of gestural ___25___, each movement of the hands representing a word in English. At the time, American Sign Language (ASL) was thought to be no more than a form of pidgin English (混杂英语). But Stokoe believed the “hand ___26___” his students used looked richer. He wondered: Might deaf people actually have a genuine language And could that language be ___27___ any other on Earth It was 1955, when even deaf people _____28_____ their signing as “substandard”. Stokoe’s idea was academic heresy – a belief contrary to what was generally accepted.
It is 37 years later. Stokoe—now devoting his time to writing and editing books and journals and to producing video materials on ASL and the deaf culture—is having lunch at a cafe near the Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a(n) ___29___. For decades educators fought his idea that signed languages are natural languages ___30___ English, French and Japanese. They assumed language must be based on speech, the modulation (调节) of sound. But sign language is based on the movement of hands, the modulation of ___31___. “What I said,” Stokoe explains, “is that language is not mouth stuff(素材)—it’s ___32___ stuff.”
18．A．unique B．neutral C．inexact D．vague
19．A．varies B．applies C．interrelates D．understands
20．A．argument B．definition C．conclusion D．statement
21．A．familiar B．complete C．changeable D．comparative
22．A．adopted B．inherited C．introduced D．learned
23．A．pioneering B．concluding C．proceeding D．imitating
24．A．casual B．odd C．witty D．tricky
25．A．clue B．file C．code D．digit
26．A．talk B．gossip C．clap D．shake
27．A．characteristic of B．different from C．equal to D．worthy of
28．A．contributed B．signified C．justified D．dismissed
29．A．evolution B．procedure C．revolution D．presentation
30．A．with B．among C．as D．like
31．A．space B．rhythm C．volume D．rate
32．A．culture B．brain C．muscle D．heart
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Gift giving has been a long tradition that dates back thousands of years as far back as man can remember. As human beings, we are social creatures who enjoy each other’s company and expressing____33____(we)feelings through the giving of gifts.
The giving of gifts may be one of the oldest of human ____34____(activity)that predates civilization and may date back ____35____the origin of our species. Even in primitive cavemen culture, the giving of gifts was ____36____(fair) common as it was used to show love and affection towards one another. The presenting of gifts was also inferred as a status symbol when leaders of tribes(部落)would show their____37____(appreciate)for the contributions of those who were part of an important achievement. Whether it was an unusually shaped rock, a tooth from an animal, the bark from a tree____38____some other item that was natural in origin, the giving of gifts had been certainly common behavior long before an advanced civilization came into being.
Today, gift giving is spread across all cultures around the world. Gifts ____39____(give)to family members, friends, those we work with and even neighbors who receive gifts of all different types. The psychology of ____40____ gift giving is so rewarding is simple:It allows people____41____ (connect). Making connections with people around us gives us a sense of purpose and feeling of satisfaction. This feeling is one that enlightens the soul and brings out the _____42_____(good) in us.
五、根据首字母填写单词
43．For your homework this week, please do some research on the major achievements of Isaac Newton and give a full d___________ of one of these in class. (根据首字母单词拼写)
44．"Any attempt to cut off the flesh and b______ ties between China's army and the Chinese people will fail," Ren said. (根据首字母填空)
45．Our headteacher r_______to his unforgettable teaching experience during his yesterday’s speech. (根据首字母单词拼写)
六、根据汉语意思填写单词
46．Luck is the biggest____________（因素）in his success. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
47．One important biological ________(因素)that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women. (根据汉语提示单词拼写）
48．Gas has another name in British English, which is_______________(汽油).
七、根据中英文提示填写单词
49．I greatly a ________ (感激) being given such a great chance to serve the students. (根据中英文提示填空)
50．D________ his cries, no one came to his assistance. (尽管) （根据中英文提示填空）
八、根据所给汉语提示填空
51．Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity ________ (视觉比听觉更重要)．(根据汉语提示完成句子)
52．Little Tom has ________ ________ ________(……有麻烦) physics ever since he was in junior Grade Two. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
53．It is unlikely that the two sides will be able to __________________（消除分歧）. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
九、句型转换
54．(普通表达)Dina had struggled for months to find a job as a waitress, and finally took a position at a local advertising agency.(同义句转换)
(高级表达)________________ a job as a waitress, Dina finally took a position at a local advertising agency.(现在分词短语作状语)
55．Last week we visited the museum. My grandfather used to work there thirty years ago. (用定语从句合并)
十、汉译英（整句）
56．郑旭交上了准备良久的作业，期待着得到好评。(动词 ing 做伴随状语)(汉译英)
57．这些图片源于上层社会占据主流的时代。（belong to）（汉译英）
58．只有每个人都尽最大努力保护濒危物种，我们的行动才会改变这个共同生活的星球的现状。(Only...，difference) （汉译英）
十一、汉译英（单词/短语）
汉译英
59．请一天假 ________
60．生病在家 ________
61．使它们变得特殊 ________
62．看到这份奉献与勤奋被反映在照片中 ________
63．他的生活方式 ________
64．共用浴室的小公寓 _________
65．给…提供好处 ________
66．珍视他的正直 ________
67．被别人收买 ________
68．去远方的航班 ________
十二、读写任务
69．请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
Is youth lingo ruining the Chinese language
Young people often create their own language that goes beyond rigid linguistic rules. This year's latest slang （俚语） terms add a further simplification: the use of pinyin acronyms （首字母缩略词）. “Awsl,” in pinyin, for instance,means “Ah, wo si le” （Oh, I'm gonna die）, and is used if something is too cute or adorable to bear. “Pyq” stands for “pengyou quan”，the social feed on the popular Chinese social media app WeChat, and “nsdd” stands for “ni shuo de dui” （you're right）.
Teens want to be different from their parents, so it's natural for them to create and use their own linguistic terms to show that. In doing so, young people are indeed driving linguistic change. They aren't the only factor influencing language development, but they can indeed transform how future generations communicate.
Critics fear that Chinese internet slang will have the potential to negatively influence broader linguistic trends of Mandarin Chinese, in particular, the gradual taking over of pinyin. As pinyin gets widely used when texting or writing on mobile phone or computer, while less and less people write characters by hand, people gradually forget how to write them. The phenomenon has got a name in China: Character amnesia （健忘症）
【写作内容】
1. 用约30个单词概述上文年轻人使用网络语言的现象；
2. 用约120个单词发表你的观点，内容包括：
谈谈你的看法，并用2 3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。
【写作要求】
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
十三、完成句子
70．昨晚，那位科学家在演讲中三次提到全球气候变暖。
The scientist ________ ________ global warming three times in his speech last night.
71．It’s surprising how much simple movements of the body can affect the way ____________________.
令人惊讶的是，简单的身体运动会影响我们的思考方式多少。
试卷第1页，共3页
试卷第1页，共3页
参考答案：
1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了最新的研究表明，睡觉时听外语能帮助我们学习语言。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“It sounds almost too good to be true, but a new study on sleeping brains suggests that listening to languages while you sleep can actually help you to learn them.(听起来好得令人难以置信，但一项关于睡眠中的大脑的新研究表明，在睡觉时听语言确实有助于你学习这些语言)”可知，根据新的研究我们睡觉时可以学习语言。故选B。
2．词句猜测题。根据上文“When the subjects woke up, they were presented with the artificial words again without their translations.(当受试者醒来时，他们再次看到人造单词，但没有翻译)”可知，they指代上文中提到的复数名词the artificial words。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Unbelievably, the subjects were able to correctly classify the words in this way at an accuracy rate that was 10 per cent higher than random chance.(令人难以置信的是，受试者能够以这种方式正确地对单词进行分类，其准确率比随机概率高出10%)”可知，作者对研究的发现感到很惊喜。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The next step for researchers will he to see if new information can be acquired quicker during wakefulness if it is already presented during sleep.(研究人员的下一步将是，如果新信息已经在睡眠中呈现，那么在清醒状态下是否能更快地获得这些信息)”可知，在他们的下一步研究中，研究人员专注于寻找是否可以利用深度睡眠更快地学习。故选C。
5．D 6．C 7．C 8．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了非语言交流的重要性。
5．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Have you ever wondered why you sometimes take an almost immediate liking to a person you have just met We often get the first impression of a people based on the color of a person’s skin or the manner in which he or she dressed. Meaning is conveyed not only by words or verbal languages but also by nonverbal communication systems, such as body behaviors.”（你有没有想过，为什么有时你刚见到一个人就会立刻喜欢上他 我们对一个人的第一印象往往取决于一个人的肤色或穿着方式。意思的传递不仅通过文字或口头语言，也通过非语言交流系统，如身体行为。）可知，本文讲述非语言交流的重要性，故文章最好的标题是“非语言沟通的重要性”。故选D项。
6．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Nonverbal communication is important because we use the actions of others to learn about their affective emotional states .Our emotions are reflected in our posture, face, and eyes—be it fear, joy, anger, or sadness—so we can express them without ever saying a word .”（非语言交流很重要，因为我们通过别人的行为来了解他们的情感状态。我们的情绪反映在我们的姿势、面部表情和眼睛上——无论是恐惧、喜悦、愤怒还是悲伤——所以我们可以一言不发地表达出来。）可推知，我们可以通过眼睛知道一个人的感受，因为一个人的感受可以通过他的肢体语言反映出来。故选C项。
7．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Nonverbal communication is significant in human interaction because it is usually responsible for the first impressions.”（非语言交流在人际交往中很重要，因为它通常负责第一印象。）可知，第一印象往往是通过非语言交流传递的。所以C项We often get the first impression by what a person says.（第一印象通常是通过一个人所说的话来获得的。）的叙述是错误的。故选C项。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Each culture has its own specific interpretation on nonverbal communication. What is acceptable in one culture may be completely unacceptable in another. One culture may determine that snapping fingers to call a waiter is acceptable; another may consider this gesture rude.”（每一种文化对非语言交际都有自己独特的解释。在一种文化中可以接受的东西在另一种文化中可能完全不能接受。一种文化可能决定打响指叫服务员是可以接受的；另一个人可能会认为这个手势很粗鲁。）可推知，每种文化都有自己对非语言交流的具体解释。故选B项。
9．C 10．B 11．A 12．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，说明了有几种方法表达感谢，有正式表达、不正式表达，“谢谢你”是正式表达，可能是每个人学英语时第一次学到的表达，是第20种表达感谢的方法，其它19种都是不正式表达。
9．细节理解题，由第二段最后一句“19 other ways of expressing appreciation finished ahead of “thank you” in a poll of 3,000 people”（在3000人参与的一项民意调查中，其他19种表达感激的方式排在“thank you”之前）可知，从调查结果中我们可以看出，表达赞赏的方式多种多样。故选C。
10．细节理解题。由第四段“For example, words like “awesome”, “brilliant” and “you star” featured highly in the new poll and they can hint at both your pleasure at someone’s action, as well as serving to express your thanks. If you are on the receiving end of a “new” thank you, you can respond with a simple “no problem”, or “sure”.”（例如，“awesome”、“brilliant”和“you star”等词在新调查中表现得很好，它们既可以暗示你对某人的行为感到高兴，也可以用来表达你的感谢。如果你收到了一封“新”的感谢信，你可以用简单的“没问题”或“确定”来回复。可知，“当然”是对“棒极了“”或“太棒了”的恰当回应，故选B。
11．推理判断题，由最后一段“Many people in Western countries are worried that good manners are in decline. People are tired of seeing their acts of kindness and service pass without comment. So don’t think your “thank you” is clumsy or awkwardly formal. The chances are, if you said “thank you”, you made someone’s day. You star.”（许多西方国家的人担心良好的礼貌用语正在下降。人们厌倦了看到他们的善举和服务被忽视。所以不要认为你的“谢谢”是笨拙的或尴尬的正式。很有可能，如果你说了“谢谢”，你就会给别人带来快乐。你太棒了。）可知，本段鼓励人们对别人表达感谢，故选A。
12．主旨大意题，由文章的主要意思“有几种方法表达感谢，有正式表达、不正式表达，“谢谢你”是正式表达，可能是每个人学英语时第一次学到的表达，是第20种表达感谢的方法，其它19种都是不正式表达”，可以推出最佳标题是“表达感谢的方法”。故选B。
13．F 14．A 15．G 16．C 17．E
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了汉字对于汉语的学习有着很重要的帮助作用。
13．上文“Handwritten Chinese characters can be beautiful. Living in a digital era with smartphones and computers, most students sooner or later ask themselves this question”（手写汉字很漂亮。生活在有着手机和电脑的数字化时代，大多数学生迟早都会问自己这这问题）说明汉字很漂亮，但在数字化的时代里，学生们不经会问自己是否需要手写汉字，下文又在介绍手写汉字的重要性，F项表示否有必要学习如何手写汉字，符合题意。故选F项。
14．上文“Knowing how to write Chinese characters by hand is just cool. It feels like magic when you write a few strokes (笔画)on paper that don’t normally make sense, but they suddenly come together and create a meaning.”（知道如何用手写汉字是一件很酷的事情。你在纸上写一些通常没有意义的笔画，但突然结合在一起产生了意义，这感觉就像魔法一样）说明手写汉字是一件很酷的事，它就像魔法一般，每一笔画结合在一起就有了意义。并且我们可以理解它的意义。这里是递进关系，有了意义，我们就能理解它。A项意思为：神奇的是，你可以理解它，符合题意。故选A项。
15．下文“However, without knowing how to write characters by hand, you are very unlikely to reach a level above intermediate(中级的).”（然而，不知道如何用手写字的话，你很可能达不到中级水平）说明不会写汉字的话，我们的汉语达不到中级水平，这里转折了，说明不会写汉字的话我们的汉语水平只能停留在一定的水平上。G项说不会手写汉字的话你的汉语可以达到一定水平，但只能停留在这儿了，符合题意。故选G项。
16．下文“Handwriting characters is a form of meditation. Once you learn how to stay focused, you will not only notice that your concentration skills improve, but you will also find yourself feeling calm and relaxed when writing characters.”（手写汉字是一种冥想。一旦学会了专注，你就会发现这不仅可以提高专注能力，还可以让你在写字的时候变得平静和轻松）说明写汉字可以提高我们的专注度，C项说手写汉字可以训练专注度，符合题意。故选C项。
17．上文“But unless you don’t care about written language at all, you should learn the basics of handwriting.”（但是，除非你根本不在乎书写语言，否则你应该学习书写的基础）说明如果我们在乎书写语言，就应该学习书写的基础。从而可知，书写基础对于汉字的理解很重要。E项说没有手写汉字基础的话，汉字很难理解。其中it指的就是the basics of handwriting。故选E项。
18．A 19．D 20．A 21．C 22．D 23．A 24．B 25．C 26．A 27．B 28．D 29．C 30．D 31．A 32．B
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了华盛顿特区加劳德特大学的教师比尔·斯托科提出的一个开创性理念——手语是像其他语言一样自然的语言，他还认为语言不是嘴巴的功能，而是大脑的功能。
18．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：只有在过去的20年里，语言研究专家才意识到手语是独一无二的。A. unique独一无二的；B. neutral中性的；C. inexact不精确的；D. vague含糊的。根据空后的介绍可知，手语是独一无二的。故A项正确。
19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们为探索大脑如何生成和理解语言提供了一种新的方法。
A. varies改变；B. applies应用；C. interrelates相互关联；D. understands理解。根据空前的“how the brain generates and”可知此处指“大脑如何生成和理解语言”。故D项正确。
20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们还为一个古老的科学争论提供了新的视角：语言，随着语法而变化，是我们与生俱来的，还是后天习得的行为。A. argument争论；B. definition定义；C. conclusion结论；D. statement陈述。空后的“whether language, 4 with grammar, is something that we are born with, or whether it is a 5 behavior.”是一个科学争论，故A项正确。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. familiar熟悉的；B. complete完整的；C. changeable不定的、可改变的；D. comparative比较的。根据常识可知，语言随着语法而变化。故C项正确。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. adopted采取；B. inherited继承； C. introduced介绍；D. learned学习。根据空前的“is something that we are born with”可知此处指“语言是我们与生俱来的还是通过后天的学习获得的”。故D项正确。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：目前人们对手语的兴趣源于华盛顿特区加劳德特大学一位叛逆教师的开创性工作，该大学是世界上唯一一所聋哑人文科大学。A. pioneering开创性的；B. concluding推断的；C. proceeding行进的；D. imitating模仿的。下文说斯托科提出手语是像英语、法语、日语一样自然的语言，因此他的手语理念是开创性的。故A项正确。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当比尔·斯托科去加拉德教英语时，学校给他报了一门手语课程，但是斯托科注意到了一些奇怪的事情；在他们之中，学生们的手语和他学到的手语不一样。A. casual随便的；B. odd奇怪的；C. witty诙谐的；D. tricky狡猾的。冒号后说学生们的手语和他学校的手语不一样，这一点是很奇怪的。故B项正确。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：斯托科学过一种手势代码，每一个手势代表一个英语单词。A. clue线索；B. file文件；C. code代码；D. digit数字。根据常识可知，手语是通过手势代码表达意思的。故C项正确。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当时，美国手语被认为不过是混杂英语的一种形式，但斯托科认为，他的学生使用的手语看起来更丰富。A. talk交谈；B. gossip八卦；C. clap鼓掌；D. shake握手。本文主要讲的就是手语，此处“talk hand”指的是手语。故A项正确。
27．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：他在想：聋哑人是否真的有一种真正的语言 这种语言和地球上的其他语言有什么不同吗？A. characteristic of特有的；B. different from与……不同的；C. equal to与……相等的；D. worthy of值得的。下文斯托科提出手语是像英语、法语和日语为一样的自然语言，因此此处是说斯托科在想聋哑人的手语是否不同于其他的语言。故B项正确。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那是在1955年，即使是聋哑人也认为他们的手语不够标准。A. contributed贡献；B. signified表明；C. justified调整；D. dismissed不予理会、不予考虑。Dismiss…as…表示“将……视为/当作”，故D项正确。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他正在加拉德特校园附近的一家咖啡馆吃午饭，并解释他是如何发动一场革命的。A. evolution演变；B. procedure步骤；C. revolution革命；D. presentation展示。空后说斯托科的手语理念是开创性的，空后又说他认为手语是像英语、法语和日语这样的自然语言，因此此处是说他发起了一场聋哑人的手语革命。故C项正确。
30．考查介词词义辨析。句意：几十年来，教育家们一直反对他的观点，即手语是像英语、法语和日语这样的自然语言。A. with和；B. among在……之间；C. as作为；D. like像。根据空后的“English, French and Japanese”可知此处指像英语、法语和日语这样的自然语言。故D项正确。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们认为语言必须基于语音，即声音的调制，但手语是基于手的移动，空间的调节。A. space空间、距离；B. rhythm节奏；C. volume体积；D. rate比率。根据常识可知，手语基于手的移动和空间的调节。故A项正确。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：斯托科解释说：“语言不是嘴巴的功能，而是大脑的功能。”A. culture文化；B. brain大脑；C. muscle肌肉；D. heart心灵。根据空前的“language is not mouth stuff”可知，斯托科认为语言不是嘴巴的功能，而是大脑的功能。故B项正确。
33．our 34．activities 35．to 36．fairly 37．appreciation 38．or 39．are given 40．why 41．to connect##to be connected 42．best
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了送礼的历史及意义。
33．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：作为人类，我们是社会动物，喜欢彼此的陪伴，并通过赠送礼物来表达我们的感情。分析句子可知，设空处在句中限定后面的名词feelings，此处应用形容词性物主代词；we的形容词性物主代词为our，表示“我们的”。故填our。
34．考查名词。句意：赠送礼物可能是人类文明之前最古老的活动之一，可以追溯到我们这个物种的起源。分析句子可知，设空处在句中宾语，应用名词；结合前面的one of可知，此处应用复数名词。故填activities。
35．考查固定搭配。句意：赠送礼物可能是人类文明之前最古老的活动之一，可以追溯到我们这个物种的起源。date back to为固定搭配，表示“追溯到”。故填to。
36．考查副词。句意：即使在原始洞穴文化中，赠送礼物也是相当普遍的，因为它被用来表达对彼此的爱和感情。分析句子可知，设空处在句中修饰形容词common，作状语，应用副词；fair的副词形式为fairly，表示“相当地”。故填fairly。
37．考查名词。句意：赠送礼物也被推断为一种地位的象征，部落的领导人会对那些为重要成就做出贡献的人表示感谢。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作宾语，应用名词；结合句意可知，此处指“表示感激”，appreciate的名词形式为appreciation。故填appreciation。
38．考查并列连词。句意：无论礼物是形状奇特的岩石、动物的牙齿、树皮还是其他天然的东西，在先进文明出现之前，赠送礼物肯定是一种普遍的行为。分析句子可知，设空处后面的some other item that was natural in origin与前面的an unusually shaped rock, a tooth from an animal, the bark from a tree为并列结构，故此处应用并列连词；结合前面的whether可知，此处表选择，应用or。故填or。
39．考查动词时态语态。句意：我们会把礼物送给家人、朋友、同事，甚至邻居，他们会收到各种各样的礼物。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作谓语，应用动词；主语为gifts，与give之间为被动关系，应用被动语态be done结构；结合上下文动词时态可知，此处表示一般陈述，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为复数形式，故谓语动词也用复数形式。故填are given。
40．考查宾语从句。句意：为什么送礼物如此有益的心理学原理很简单：它能让人们建立联系。分析句子可知，设空处位于介词of后，在句中引导一个从句，这是一个宾语从句，从句中不缺主干成分，结合句意可知，此处表示“为什么送礼物如此有益”，设空处在从句中作原因状语，应用why引导。故填why。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：为什么送礼物如此有益的心理学原理很简单：它能让人们建立联系。分析句子可知，句中已有谓语动词，设空处只能填非谓语动词形式；结合前面的allow可知，allow sb to do sth为固定搭配，表示“允许某人做某事”，设空处应用to do不定式，故可用to connect。人与人之间的联系是双向的，也可以是被联系，故也可用to be connected。故填to connect或to be connected。
42．考查形容词最高级。句意：这种感觉能启迪我们的灵魂，激发出我们最好的一面。根据设空处前面的定冠词the和后面的in可知，此处指“我们最好的一面”，应用形容词最高级。故填best。
43．description##escription
【详解】考查名词。句意：本周的家庭作业，请研究艾萨克·牛顿的主要成就，并在课堂上详细描述其中一项。根据单词首字母以及句意“描述”可知应填名词description，作宾语，不定冠词提示用单数。故填description。
44．bone
【详解】考查名词。句意：任说：“任何企图切断中国军队与中国人民之间的骨肉相连的做法都会失败。”根据单词首字母以及句意“骨”可知应填名词bone，短语 flesh and bone“骨肉”。故填bone。
45．referred##eferred
【详解】考查动词。句意：我们的校长在昨天的演讲中提到了他难忘的教学经历。根据空后介词to和首字母r可知，refer to提及，动词短语，符合题意；由时间状语“during his yesterday’s speech.”可知，空处动词需用一般过去时。故填referred。
46．factor
【详解】考查名词。句意：运气是他成功的最大因素。分析句子，设空处应该填写名词作表语。根据汉语提示，表示“因素”，应用factor，此处表示特指应该用单数。故填factor。
47．factor
【详解】考查名词。句意：帮助女性活得更久的一个重要的生物学因素是男性和女性在荷尔蒙方面的差异。分析句子可知，设空处后接定语从句，因此设空处为先行词，应为名词，在从句中做主语，由one可知应用单数名词。根据汉语提示，故填factor。
48．petrol
【详解】考查名词。句意：汽油Gas在英式英语中有另外一个名字, 是petrol。根据句意可知，petrol作为名词，在be动词is后作表语，表示“汽油”的意思，是不可数名词，没有复数形式。故填petrol。
49．appreciate##ppreciate
【详解】考查动词。句意：我非常感激能有这样一个为学生服务的机会。分析句意可知，本句是描述的是一般情况，所以时态用一般现在时；再根据汉语提示和首字母提示，此处用动词appreciate表示“感激”作谓语，符合语境。故填appreciate。
50．Despite##espite
【详解】考查介词。句意：尽管他大声喊叫，没有人来帮助他。根据中英文提示可知，despite尽管，介词，首字母应大写。故填Despite。
51．where sight matters more than hearing
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那些成功的聋人舞者认为跳舞是一种视觉比听觉更重要的活动。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词an activity在定语从句中作状语表示抽象的地点，应使用关系副词where引导定语从句；表示“视觉”含义的词为：sight；表示“听觉”含义的词为：hearing；表示“比……更重要”含义的表达为：matter more than，因句子表达的是一个客观事实，定语从句的谓语动词应使用一般现在时，故填where sight matters more than hearing。
52． had trouble with
【详解】考查固定用法和时态。句意：自从初中二年级开始，小汤姆身体就有问题。have trouble with表示……有麻烦。Since是现在完成时的标志词，故主句要用现在完成时。故填had；trouble；with。
53．bridge their gaps
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：双方不太可能弥合分歧。“消除分歧”翻译为bridge their gaps，其中bridge在这里是动词，意思是“架桥，渡过”，gap是名词，意思是“间隙，差距”；be able to do sth.“能做某事”。故填bridge their gaps。
54．Having struggled for months to find
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：蒂娜努力了好几个月才找到一份服务员的工作，最后在当地一家广告公司找到了一份工作。Dina had struggled for months to find a job as a waitress转化成非谓语动词，Dina与struggle为主动关系，所以非谓动词为现在分词的完成时。故填Having struggled for months to find。
55．Last week we visited the museum where my grandfather used to work thirty years ago.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：上周我们参观了我祖父30年前工作过的博物馆。分析两句句意可知，第二句可以作为第一句的定语从句，先行词为the museum，与第二句的there指代一致，先行词作从句的地点状语，因此，用关系副词where引导定语从句。故答案为Last week we visited the museum where my grandfather used to work thirty years ago.
56．Zheng Xu handed in the assignment for which he had spent days preparing, looking forward to getting a positive comment.
【详解】考查定语从句，动词固定短语和非谓语动词。分析所给中文提示词可知，本句主语是“郑旭”译为“Zheng Xu”，谓语是“交上了”为固定动词短语hand in，此处描述的是过去发生的事，用一般过去时，宾语是“作业”译为“assignment”，“准备良久的”修饰作业做定语，又包含有动词，所以此处应该用定语从句，“准备”为固定短语搭配：prepare for，所以此处关系词应该用“介词+which”形式，故译为“for which he had spent days preparing”，“期待着得到好评”中“期待”为固定搭配：look forward to，根据题干要求，用现在分词做伴随状语，所以译为“looking forward to”，“得到好评”应是“get a positive comment”，get应该用动名词形式作介词to的宾语。结合其他汉语提示，故译为：Zheng Xu handed in the assignment for which he had spent days preparing, looking forward to getting a positive comment.
57．The pictures belong to an era when there was a preoccupation with high society.
【详解】考查从句、短语和名词。表示“图片”应用名词picture，其复数形式在句中作主语；表示“属于”短语为belong to，在句中作谓语；表示“时代”为名词era，在句中作宾语；表示“上层社会占据主流”为定语从句when there was a preoccupation with high society，先行词为era；结合句意，从句叙述过去的事，时态为一般过去时，主句描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故翻译为The pictures belong to an era when there was a preoccupation with high society.
58．Only when everyone does their best to preserve the endangered species, will/can our action(s) make a difference to the planet where we all live.
【详解】考查时态、部分倒装、定语从句和短语。“濒危物种”用名词短语the endangered species表达；“最大努力保护濒危物种”用动词短语do one’s best to preserve the endangered species；“每个人都尽最大努力保护濒危物种”谓语用一般现在时，表达为“everyone does their best to preserve the endangered species”；“我们的行动”用名词短语our action(s)表达；“改变这个共同生活的星球的现状”表达为“make a difference to the planet where we all live”，where we all live为定语从句修饰先行词the planet；“我们的行动才会改变这个共同生活的星球的现状”用谓语用一般将来时或can+动词原形，可表达为our action(s) will/can make a difference to the planet where we all live；句子分析可知“只有每个人都尽最大努力保护濒危物种”应表达为only+状语从句，only+状语置于句首，句子部分倒装，故翻译为Only when everyone does their best to preserve the endangered species, will/can our action(s) make a difference to the planet where we all live.
59．take a day off 60．stay home sick 61．make them special 62．see this devotion and hard work reflected within / in his photos 63．his approach to life 64．a small apartment with a shared washroom 65．offer benefit(s) to sb. 66．value one’s integrity 67．be bought by others 68．a flight to a faraway destination
【解析】59．请一天假，“请假”的英文表达是take …off，“一天”是a day，故答案填take a day off。
60．生病在家，“生病”的英文表达是sick，“在家”是stay home, 故答案填stay home sick。
61．使它们变得特殊，“使它们”的英文表达是make them, “特殊的”是special，故答案填make them special。
62．看到这份奉献与勤奋被反映在照片中，“看到…被做”的英文表达是see sth done,“奉献”是devotion，“勤奋”是hard work, “反映”是reflect，“在照片中”是within / in his photos, 故答案填see this devotion and hard work reflected within / in his photos。
63．他的生活方式，“生活方式”的英文表达是approach to life，故答案填his approach to life。
64．共用浴室的小公寓，“公寓”的英文表达是apartment ，“共用的”是shared，“浴室”是washroom，故答案填a small apartment with a shared washroom。
65．给…提供好处，“提供”的英文表达是offer，“好处”是benefit（s），故答案填offer benefit(s) to sb。
66．珍视他的正直，“珍视”的英文表达是value，“正直”是integrity， 故答案填value one’s integrity。
67．被别人收买，“收买”的英文表达是buy，过去分词为bought，被动的表达为be done，故答案填be bought by others。
68．去远方的航班，“去…航班”的英文表达是a flight to，“远方”是a faraway destination, 故答案填a flight to a faraway destination。
69．Nowadays, young people often create some new slangs to differentiate themselves. However, with the rapid development of Internet lingo, many critics, especially the seniors, believe that the emergence of such lingo will damage the foundation of Chinese language.
In my opinion, it is not necessary to worry about the new slang that will likely weaken the new generation’s capability of writing or remembering Chinese characters. There are two reasons. Firstly, the purpose of language is to convey ideas and share opinions. Thus, the prevailing youth lingo,as a more concise and efficient way of expression, is in fact an enrichment of modern Chinese language. Secondly, since every era has its own young generation,the youth lingo, can be a new indentity for young people ,cannot pollute or extinct Chinese language but by contrast, it may become an emblem or living fossil of this specific era.
To conclude, while language development is inevitable, Chinese internet lingo is unlikely to replace the existing use of Mandarin Chinese but will be enriching it by adding a new layer or dimension to it.
【分析】这是一篇议论文。青少年希望与父母不同，所以他们自然会创造并使用自己的语言来表达这一点。年轻人这样做确实推动了语言的变化。它们并不是影响语言发展的唯一因素，但它们确实可以改变后代的交流方式。
【详解】第一步，明确任务。认真阅读命题，弄清任务和要求。很明显，任务一是“概括短文的内容要点”。注意:概括阶段并不需要加上个人的见解。任务二是“发表你的看法”。你可以同意或者反对文章观点，也可以对文章的各种观点进行折中。
第二步，概括转述所给的短文的大意。对短文进行概括是一个获取信息、加工信息的过程，需要严谥的思维和准确的表达能力，而且要使用自己的语言来表达，“不要抄袭阅读材料中的句子”。因此，“概括短文的内容要点”，实为客观简要地转述作者的观点、论据和结论。（Nowadays, young people often create some new slangs to differentiate themselves. However, with the rapid development of Internet lingo, many critics, especially the seniors, believe that the emergence of such lingo will damage the foundation of Chinese language.）
第三步，发表你的观点，并用2 3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。（Firstly, the purpose of language is to convey ideas and share opinions. Secondly, since every era has its own young generation,the youth lingo, can be a new indentity for young people ,cannot pollute or extinct Chinese language but by contrast, it may become an emblem or living fossil of this specific era.）
【点睛】范文语言简洁明了，全面转述了所给的文字材料；语言地道自然，没有语法错误，全文没有中式英语；文章层次清晰有条理，衔接过渡自然；文章使用了较为高级的词汇，如in my opinion; in fact; by contrast等；同时使用了较为高级的句子，如主语从句it is not necessary to worry about the new slang that will likely weaken the new generation’s capability of writing or remembering Chinese characters.；让步状语从句while language development is inevitable, Chinese internet lingo is unlikely to replace the existing use of Mandarin Chinese but will be enriching it by adding a new layer or dimension to it等。
70． referred to
【详解】考查短语和时态。短语refer to表示“提到”，符合汉语句意，根据last night可知，时态为一般过去时。故填①referred②to。
71．that/in which we think
【详解】考查定语从句。根据句意以及句子结构可知，空处为the way的定语从句，先行词在定语从句中作方式状语，所以可以用that或者in which来引导。表示“我们思考”可以翻译为“we think”。故填that/in which we think。
答案第1页，共2页
答案第1页，共2页