中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2023年高考英语四川省成都市名校二模阅读理解题汇总(解析版）
（包括成实外、成都七中、石室中学、校联考、第八中学共十六篇）
（一）
（2023·四川成都·成都实外校考二模）From Zzz to Aha!
When you are stuck on a problem, sometimes it is best to stop thinking about it — consciously, anyway. Research has shown that taking a break or a nap can help the brain create paths to a solution. Now a new study expands on the effect of this so-called incubation by using sound cues to focus the sleeping mind on a targeted problem.
When humans sleep, parts of the brain replay certain memories, strengthening and transforming them. About a decade ago researchers developed a technique, called targeted memory reactivation (再激活) (TMR), aimed at further strengthening selected memories: when a sound becomes associated with a memory and is later played during sleep, that memory gets reactivated.
In a study published last November in Psychological Science, scientists tested whether revisiting the memory of a puzzle during sleep might also improve problem-solving. About 60 participants visited the laboratory before and after a night of sleep. In an evening session, they attempted different puzzles, with a distinct music clip repeating in the background for each, until they had worked on 6 puzzles they could not solve. Overnight they wore electrodes (电极条) to detect slow-wave sleep, a state of deep dreamless sleep, which may be important for memory enhancement — and a device played the sounds related to 3 of the 6 unsolved puzzles. The next day, back at the lab, the participants attempted the 6 puzzles again. All told, the subjects solved 32% of the sound-cued puzzles compared with 21% of the untargeted puzzles— an increase of more than 50 percent.
“These are super cool results. Now we need to go further and try to understand them by firstly replicating (复制) them and secondly trying to work out the component processes that are actually being influenced,” says Penny Lewis, a psychologist at Cardiff University.
Beyond providing new evidence that humans restructure memories while sleeping, the research may have practical implications. In a futuristic world, maybe TMR could help us use sleep to work on our problems. Sleep-monitoring technology is increasingly accessible — and even without gadgets, prospective solvers can focus on important problems before bed.
1．What can we learn about TMR
A．It can be used to help people improve their sleep quality.
B．It is aimed at removing selected memories.
C．It replays a sound to get related memories reactivated in sleep.
D．It is a technique published in Psychological Science last November.
2．According to the experiment, what may be the reason for the increase of puzzle solving
A．The specific music. B．The electrodes.
C．Slow-wave sleep. D．The targeted puzzles.
3．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A．The participants of the study. B．The researchers of the study.
C．The results of the study. D．The 6 unsolved puzzles.
4．What is the text mainly about
A．Sleeping can help humans restructure memories.
B．Listening to music can strengthen and transform memories.
C．Taking a break or a nap can help the brain create solutions.
D．Reactivating remembered problems during sleep can bring solutions.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个新的研究发现我们可以使用声音线索让睡眠中的大脑专注于一个目标问题，帮助找到解决问题的方法。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“About a decade ago researchers developed a technique, called targeted memory reactivation (再激活) (TMR), aimed at further strengthening selected memories: when a sound becomes associated with a memory and is later played during sleep, that memory gets reactivated.(大约十年前，研究人员开发了一种名为“目标记忆再激活”(TMR)的技术，旨在进一步加强选定的记忆：当一种声音与一段记忆联系起来，并在睡眠中播放时，那段记忆就会被重新激活。)”可知，在TMR技术中，当一种声音与一段记忆联系起来，并在睡眠中播放时，那段记忆就会被重新激活。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“In an evening session, they attempted different puzzles, with a distinct music clip repeating in the background for each, until they had worked on 6 puzzles they could not solve. (在晚上的测试中，他们尝试不同的谜题，每个谜题的背景都重复播放不同的音乐片段，直到他们解决了6个他们无法解决的谜题。)”以及“The next day, back at the lab, the participants attempted the 6 puzzles again. All told, the subjects solved 32% of the sound-cued puzzles compared with 21% of the untargeted puzzles— an increase of more than 50 percent.(第二天，回到实验室，参与者再次尝试这6个谜题。总的来说，受试者解决了32%的声音提示谜题，而非定向谜题的解决率为21%，增加了50%以上。)”可推知，播放解决谜题过程中的音乐有助于提升谜题的解决率。故选A。
3．词义猜测题。根据指代关系和划线词所在句“These are super cool results. Now we need to go further and try to understand them by firstly replicating (复制) them and secondly trying to work out the component processes that are actually being influenced, (这些都是非常酷的结果。现在我们需要更进一步，首先通过复制它们来尝试理解它们，其次尝试找出实际上受到影响的组成过程)”可知，代词them指代的是上文的实验的结果。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Now a new study expands on the effect of this so-called incubation by using sound cues to focus the sleeping mind on a targeted problem.(现在，一项新的研究扩展了这种所谓的“孵化”的效果，即使用声音线索让睡眠中的大脑专注于一个目标问题。)”可知，文章介绍了一个新的研究发现我们可以使用声音线索让睡眠中的大脑专注于一个目标问题，帮助找到解决问题的方法。D选项“Reactivating remembered problems during sleep can bring solutions.(在睡眠中重新激活记忆中的问题可以带来解决方案。)”概括文章主题。故选D。
（二）
（2023·四川成都·成都实外校考二模）The Chengdu Natural History Museum has been opened to the public for some time! If you have not been to it, don’t worry. Today, you will have a “cloud visit” with us first.
With a total exhibition area of about 17,000 square meters, The Chengdu Natural History Museum has nearly 70,000 collections and about 10,000 exhibits on display.
● Hall of Geological EnvironmentFrom the Big Bang to the earth’s evolution, this hall offers tourists an excellent review of the earth through scene restoration and specimen (标本) exhibition.● Hall of Mineral ResourcesIt is like an amazing world of minerals. Dazzling minerals and gems are waiting for you to enjoy their beauties carefully.● Hall of Dinosaurs’ SecretThe exhibition hall tells the origin, evolution and extinction of dinosaurs, and introduces visitors to the mysterious stories of the age of dinosaurs and the five major dinosaur families.● Hall of Diverse LifeLifelike animal specimens are displayed throughout the exhibition hall, and visitors get immersed in the wonderful animal world. In addition, there is an AR screen for interaction, making this place a paradise for animal lovers!
Besides the permanent exhibition halls, the museum also has 2 temporary exhibition halls and a 4D cinema hall that is not yet open. Hopefully, you can visit them soon!Opening time
Open at 9:00-17:00 from Tuesday to Sunday (visitors are not allowed to enter the museum after 16:30); closed on Monday.
Admission ticket reservation
Please make your reservation at least one day in advance on the WeChat account of “Chengdu Natural History Museum”. Real-name reservations can be made with the number of your ID card or passport.
For more information, please click https://mp.weixin./s/1hjvAXvgRisrO1bO0d65TA．
5．If you like animals, which of the following is the best choice
A．Hall of Geological Environment. B．Hall of Mineral Resources.
C．Hall of Dinosaurs’ Secret. D．Hall of Diverse Life.
6．Visitors CANNOT enter the museum ________.
A．at 10:00 on Monday morning B．at 11:00 on Thursday morning
C．at 3:20 on Sunday afternoon D．at 4:20 on Saturday afternoon
7．Where is the passage probably from
A．A textbook. B．A website. C．A guidebook. D．A magazine.
【答案】5．D 6．A 7．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍通过网络“云游”成都自然博物馆。
5．细节理解题。根据● Hall of Diverse Life中的“Lifelike animal specimens are displayed throughout the exhibition hall, and visitors get immersed in the wonderful animal world. In addition, there is an AR screen for interaction, making this place a paradise for animal lovers! (栩栩如生的动物标本陈列在整个展厅，让游客沉浸在奇妙的动物世界中。此外，这里还有一个AR屏幕可供互动，让这里成为动物爱好者的天堂!)”可知，如果你喜欢动物，最好的选择是多样生命厅。故选D。
6．细节理解题。根据Opening time中的“Open at 9:00-17:00 from Tuesday to Sunday (visitors are not allowed to enter the museum after 16:30); closed on Monday. (周二至周日9:00-17:00开放(16:30后禁止入馆)；星期一关闭。)”可知，游客星期一上午10点不能进入博物馆。故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“For more information, please click https://mp.weixin./s/1hjvAXvgRisrO1bO0d65TA. (更多信息请点击https://mp.weixin./s/1hjvAXvgRisrO1bO0d65TA。)”可推断，本文可能来自网站。故选B。
（三）
（2023·四川成都·成都七中校考二模）
·Do an anonymous (匿名的) act of kindness for someone. ·Leave a smile card behind to encourage them to pay-it-forward. ·Share your story here to spread the inspiration. ·Change the world, one kind act at a time.
ORDER SMILE CARDSTo request Smile Cards, please fill out the form below. A volunteer will mail you an order of ten cards within two weeks. Smile Cards are offered to anyone who requests them on a pay-it-forward basis. That means there is no charge for a set of cards. Someone before you have paid for your cards, and you are invited to keep the chain going and pay-forward whatever you wish for the next person! For special events or circumstances, you can also place a large quantity of request.
Note: When using a Smile Card, remember not to just hand it out by itself. The idea is to do something kind for someone and then leave the Smile Card behind, so that they know someone reached out to them, and that they are invited to pay-forward the kindness and1 keep the ripples going!
PLACE SMILE CARD ORDER NOW
ABOUT US
KindSpring is a place to practice small acts of “kindness”. For over a decade the KindSpring user community has focused on inner transformation, while collectively changing the world with generosity, gratitude, and trust. The site is 100% volunteer-run and totally non-commercial. It is a shared labour of love.
Please tell us what inspired you to order Smile Cards, and give us an example of a kind act you’d like to do using them.
8．When can you use a smile card according to the passage
A．Your friend’s birthday is approaching.
B．Your classmate has won the first prize.
C．You’ve ordered lunch for a poor friend.
D．You find your classmate in low spirits.
9．What do you do to order smile cards
A．Pay for them in advance.
B．Place a big quantity of request.
C．Join KindSpring.
D．Tell what favor you will do for others.
10．Where is it possible for us to find the passage above
A．A textbook.
B．A website.
C．A journal.
D．A brochure.
【答案】8．C 9．D 10．B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一张名为笑脸卡的卡片，并讲述了如何申请笑脸卡、笑脸卡使用的注意事项和背后的负责团队。
8．推理判断题。根据文章Note：中的“When using a Smile Card, remember not to just hand it out by itself. The idea is to do something kind for someone and then leave the Smile Card behind (当你使用微笑卡片时，请记住不要只发卡片。正确的做法是为别人做些好事，然后留下微笑卡)”可知，要做了善事后才能留下微笑卡片。 C项“You’ve ordered lunch for a poor friend. (你给一个穷朋友点了午餐) ”是一件善事，所以可以使用微笑卡片。故选C。
9．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Please tell us what inspired you to order Smile Cards, and give us an example of a kind act you’d like to do using them. (请告诉我们是什么激励你订购微笑卡，并给我们一个你想用它们做的善事的例子)”可知，要订购微笑卡片，需要列举一个用微笑卡去做的善事的例子，即需要说出你将为别人提供的帮助。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“KindSpring is a place to practice small acts of “kindness”. For over a decade the KindSpring user community has focused on inner transformation, while collectively changing the world with generosity, gratitude, and trust. The site is 100% volunteer-run and totally non-commercial. (KindSpring是一个实践“善良”小行为的地方。十多年来，KindSpring用户社区一直专注于内心的转变，同时以慷慨、感激和信任共同改变世界。该网站100%由志愿者运营，完全非商业。)”可推知，本文可能出现在网站上，故选B。
（四）
（2023·四川成都·成都七中校考二模）As the concept of emotional intelligence (EI) has gone global, we’ve watched professionals fail as they try to improve their emotional intelligence because they either don’t know where to focus their efforts or they haven’t understood how to improve these skills on a practical level. In our work consulting with companies and coaching leaders, we have found that if you’re looking to develop particular EI strengths, it helps to consider areas for improvement others have identified along with the goals you want to achieve-and then to actively build habits in those areas rather than simply relying on understanding them conceptually.
The first step is to get a sense of how your self-perception (how you see yourself) differs from your reputation (how others see you). This is especially true for the development of EI because we can be blind to how we express and read the emotional components of our interactions. For example, most of us think that we’re good listeners, but very often that’s really not the case. Without this external reality check, it will be difficult for you to identify the ways that your actions affect your performance. Getting feedback from others can also provide proof of the necessity of shifting our behavior and motivation to do so.
To give you the best sense of where the differences lie between your self-perception and reputation, you should use a 360-degree feedback assessment that takes into account the multiple aspects of EI. The key is to find one to give you feedback, which is focused on development and not on performance assessment. And that can give you a detailed understanding of how other people’s assessments of you differ from your own assessments.
Secondly, when you get your feedback from an assessment, let that inform what you want to improve. But also consider what your goals are. When it comes to cultivating strengths in emotional intelligence, you’re at a huge disadvantage if you’re only interested because others say you should be. Your emotional intelligence is so tied up in your sense of self that being intrinsically (内在的) motivated to make the effort matters more when changing longstanding habits than it does when simply learning a skill.
That means the areas that you choose to actively work on should lie at the intersection of the feedback you’ve gotten and the areas that are most important to your own aspirations. Understanding the influences of your current EI habits relative to your goals will keep you going over a long period of time as you do the work of strengthening your emotional intelligence.
11．What do we know from the first paragraph
A．Professionals fail to understand the concepts of EI.
B．EI plays a key role in professional development.
C．Leaders are badly in need of improving their EI.
D．You know how to improve EI better with others’ help.
12．According to the passage, which of the following is an “external reality check”
A．You got help from your parents when making a key decision.
B．Your teacher directed you towards a better attitude in study.
C．You reflected yourself and made a New Year Resolution.
D．Your career development speeds up with the guidance of others.
13．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 4
A．It’s most reliable to follow your inner call when you want to improve your EI.
B．It’s hard for others to know your EI because it hides deeply behind your inner sense.
C．When you want to improve EI, you should take your goals into consideration.
D．Acquiring a new skill is more significant than your attempt to improve your EI.
14．Which of the following might the author agree with
A．Effective EI development is determined by different factors.
B．EI development is unlikely to happen unless you know what EI really is.
C．The importance of performance assessment is underestimated.
D．Your inner self discourages you from improving your EI.
【答案】11．D 12．B 13．C 14．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了发展特定的情商优势的方法。
11．推理判断题。根据第一段“In our work consulting with companies and coaching leaders, we have found that if you’re looking to develop particular EI strengths, it helps to consider areas for improvement others have identified along with the goals you want to achieve-and then to actively build habits in those areas rather than simply relying on understanding them conceptually.(在与公司咨询和指导领导者的工作中，我们发现，如果你想要发展特定的EI优势，考虑其他人已经确定的改进领域以及你想要实现的目标，然后积极地在这些领域建立习惯，而不是简单地依赖于概念上的理解是有帮助的。)”可知，你知道如何在别人的帮助下更好地提高情商。故选D。
12．推理判断题。根据第二段的“This is especially true for the development of EI because we can be blind to how we express and read the emotional components of our interactions.(对于EI的发展来说尤其如此，因为我们可能对我们如何表达和阅读我们互动中的情感成分视而不见。)”和“Getting feedback from others can also provide proof of the necessity of shifting our behavior and motivation to do so.(从别人那里得到反馈也可以证明我们改变行为的必要性和动机。)”可知，划线词所在句子意为“如果没有这种外部现实检查，你将很难确定你的行为是如何影响你的表现的。”，因此external reality check指的是“外部现实检查”，你的老师教导你要有更好的学习态度就是一种外部现实检查。故选B。
13．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Secondly, when you get your feedback from an assessment, let that inform what you want to improve. But also consider what your goals are.(其次，当你从评估中得到反馈时，让它告诉你想要改进的地方。但也要考虑你的目标是什么。)”可知，第四段主要讲述了当你想要提高EI时，你应该考虑你的目标。故选C。
14．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“In our work consulting with companies and coaching leaders, we have found that if you’re looking to develop particular EI strengths, it helps to consider areas for improvement others have identified along with the goals you want to achieve-and then to actively build habits in those areas rather than simply relying on understanding them conceptually.(在与公司咨询和指导领导者的工作中，我们发现，如果你想要发展特定的EI优势，考虑其他人已经确定的改进领域以及你想要实现的目标，然后积极地在这些领域建立习惯，而不是简单地依赖于概念上的理解是有帮助的。)”可知，作者可能会同意的是有效的EI发展取决于不同的因素。故选A。
（五）
（2023·四川成都·石室中学校考二模）
With your support today UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency, can step up operations in Ukraine and neighboring countries to help people who are forced to flee their homes to escape the military action. Will you help civilians who are forced to flee 80 could help provide emergency relief items such as shelter, bedding and tarpaulins.
To give 80 now, visit unrefugees.org. uk/ukraine-economist, call 0800-029-3883 or fill out and return the donation form.
The number of displaced people, both within Ukraine itself and in neighboring countries, is still growing every day. Families fleeing can only take so much with them. They will need support to survive far from home in incredibly difficult and dangerous conditions.
UNHCR's RESPONSE
UNHCR has worked in Ukraine since 1994 and has not left since. There are six UNHCR offices across the country, as well as three warehouses storing humanitarian supplies. Over 100 UNHCR staff are working in Ukraine to get support to families, with a similar number in neighboring countries and more set to follow. UN High Commissioner for Refugees Filippo Grandi said:
“Hour by hour, minute by minute, more people are fleeing the terrifying reality of violence. Countless have been displaced inside the country. And unless there is an immediate end to the conflict, millions more are likely to be forced to flee Ukraine. . .
“Inside Ukraine, our staff--and other humanitarians--are working where and when they can in frightening conditions. Our staff stay, even at great risk , because we know the needs in the country are huge. . . UNHCR staff have already moved in throughout the region and are scaling up our protection and assistance programmes for refugees, in support of host governments. ”
YOU CAN HELP NOW
The support of people like you has helped UNHCR send relief items in by land and by air, but the needs are huge, and growing every day. UNHCR urgently needs more resources.
Your support today can help ensure that people forced to flee their homes are sheltered and safe.
15．How can you help those displaced people
A．By donating 80 pounds.
B．By providing emergency relief items.
C．By visiting unrefugees.org.uk.
D．By stepping up operations in Ukraine.
16．Which is right for UNHCR
A．It helps people to escape the military action.
B．It has worked in Ukraine for more than 30 years.
C．There are now over 200 UNHCR staff in Ukraine and neighboring countries.
D．There are six UNHCR offices in Ukraine and neighboring countries.
17．What is the purpose of the passage
A．To introduce UNHCR.
B．To seek support and donation.
C．To reveal the current situation in Ukraine.
D．To recruit volunteers.
【答案】15．A 16．C 17．B
【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章呼吁人们对乌克兰被迫流离的人伸出援助之手。
15．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Will you help civilians who are forced to flee？ 80 could help provide emergency relief items such as shelter, bedding and tarpaulins.(你会帮助被迫逃离的平民吗 80英镑可以帮助提供紧急救援物品，如住所、床上用品和防水油布。)”可知通过捐赠80英镑，你就可以帮助那些流离失所的人们。故选A项。
16．细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句“Over 100 UNHCR staff are working in Ukraine to get support to families，with a similar number in neighboring countries and more set to follow.(100多名联合国难民署工作人员正在乌克兰为家庭提供支持，邻国也有类似数量的工作人员，今后还会有更多的工作人员。)”可知，联合国难民署在乌克兰有100多名员工，在周边国家还有相近人数的工作人员，由此可知目前在乌克兰和周边国家有200多名联合国难民署工作人员。故选C项。
17．推理判断题。从文章开头的图片“UKRAINE EMERGENCY APPEAL SUPPORT PEOPLE FORCED TO FLEE.We do not have to sit by and watch, powerless, as the crisis in Ukraine unfolds. UKRAINE EMERGENCY APPEAL(乌克兰紧急呼吁支持被迫逃离的人。随着乌克兰危机的发展，我们不必无能为力地袖手旁观。乌克兰紧急呼吁)”以及文中黑体部分“YOU CAN HELP NOW(你现在可以帮忙了)”可以看出，本文是在呼吁社会援助乌克兰难民。故选B项。
（六）
（2023·四川成都·石室中学校考二模）Recently, I had lunch with a young Chinese student who studies at a college in New York. He is very bright and ambitious and I enjoyed our conversation. Still, I felt upset and useless afterwards because I was not able to provide him with any good news. Graduating at the end of this year, he asked me how he could find a job in this country and fulfill his career dreams.
In recent years, students who found a job here after graduation have had to go through a cruel lottery system to obtain their H-1B working visa. And the success rates have been declining year after year because of the ever growing number of applicants. Last year, there were 233,000 applicants and only 30 percent of them were lucky, about half of the rate in 2013.
And it can only become worse. US former President Donald Trump’s immigration policies in this country have been tightening up and this trend will continue for at least the next few years. In this case, foreign students studying social sciences, a field in which starting salaries are rarely above the required amount, can kiss their visa hopes goodbye.
Compared to the older generation of Chinese students, today’s young people no longer consider the US as the only option. Many start to think China offers better opportunities in the longer term.
This is not to say that Chinese students in the US are not interested in job opportunities here any more. A few years of work experience in the US can give them advantages when they finally land back in their home country. But if the job opportunities are largely reduced by the tightening of immigration policy, I expect there will be a decline. And if that happens, it is the American economy that will suffer from the loss of those educated, hard-working and talented immigrants.
18．The author felt useless because ___.
A．he couldn’t find a job in the fierce job market.
B．he was less bright and ambitious than the Chinese young student.
C．he couldn’t win the cruel lottery.
D．he had to make the Chinese student realize it was difficult to find work there.
19．Which is not the reason why foreign students have difficulty finding jobs in the US
A．It is increasingly hard for them to get their H-1B working visa.
B．The number of applicants in the job market is ever growing.
C．Donald Trump’s immigration policies have been tightening up.
D．The starting salaries they require are higher than expected.
20．Supposing there were 250, 000 applicants in 2013, how many of them got their H-1B working visa
A．125, 000.
B．75, 000.
C．150. 000.
D．200, 000.
21．What’s the writer’s attitude towards the tightening of immigration policy in the US
A．Indifferent.
B．Concerned.
C．Favorable.
D．Objective.
【答案】18．D 19．D 20．C 21．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过与一位中国留学生的交流意识到严格的移民政策使得中国学生在美国找工作更加困难，同时美国也因此而造成一些人才的流失。
18．细节理解题。根据文中第一段“Still, I felt upset and useless afterwards because I was not able to provide him with any good news. Graduating at the end of this year, he asked me how he could find a job in this country and fulfill his career dreams.(尽管如此，事后我还是感到沮丧和无用，因为我无法向他提供任何好消息。今年年底毕业，他问我如何在这个国家找到工作，实现他的职业梦想。)”可知，作者在谈话中就对方怎样在这里找到好工作无法给出好的建议而感觉自己无用。故选D项。
19．细节理解题。根据第二段的“In recent years, students who found a job here after graduation have had to go through a cruel lottery system to obtain their H-1B working visa. And the success rates have been declining year after year because of the ever growing number of applicants.(近年来，毕业后在这里找到工作的学生必须通过残酷的抽签制度才能获得H-1B工作签证。由于申请人数不断增加，成功率逐年下降)”，和第三段中的“US former President Donald Trump’s immigration policies in this country have been tightening up and this trend will continue for at least the next few years.(美国前总统唐纳德·特朗普在该国的移民政策一直在收紧，这一趋势至少将在未来几年内持续下去)”可知，H-1B工作签证变得越来越难，申请者越来越多，以及移民政策的收紧都是外国学生很难在美国找到工作的原因。在结合第三段的“In this case, foreign students studying social sciences, a field in which starting salaries are rarely above the required amount, can kiss their visa hopes goodbye.( 在这种情况下，学习社会科学的外国学生就只能和签证说再见了，因为该领域的起薪很少高于要求的数额。)”可知，学习社会科学的学生对起薪的需求可能偏高，但不代表是所有的学生，故D项不是正确的原因。故选D项。
20．细节理解题。根据文中第二段末尾“Last year, there were 233,000 applicants，and only 30 percent of them were lucky, about half of the rate in 2013.(去年，有233, 000名申请者，其中只有30%是幸运的，约为2013年的一半。)”可知，去年有30％的申请者中签，这个中签率大约是2013年的一半，说明2013年的中签率是60％左右，所以250,000个申请者中应该有150,000个中签者。故选C项。
21．推理判断题。根据尾段中的“But if the job opportunities are largely reduced by the tightening of immigration policy, I expect there will be a decline. And if that happens, it is the American economy that will suffer from the loss of those educated, hard-working and talented immigrants.( 但如果移民政策收紧导致就业机会大幅减少，我预计就业机会将会下降。如果发生这种情况，美国经济将因失去那些受过良好教育、勤奋工作和有才华的移民而遭受损失)”可以看出，作者认为美国没有把勤奋、聪明、受过良好教育的人留下来，该国的经济会受到影响，所以作者对移民政策收紧对美国经济的影响感到担心。故选B项。
（七）
（2023·四川成都·石室中学校考二模）Even if you aren't into artificial intelligence, it's time to pay attention to ChatGPT, because this one is a big deal. ChatGPT is an Al chatbot system that OpenAI released in November to show off and test what a very large, powerful Al system can accomplish.
ChatGPT is built on top of the OpenAI GPT-3 family of large language models. It lets you type natural-language prompts and then offers conversational responses. It remembers the thread of your dialogue, using previous questions and answers to inform its next responses. It finds relevant information in its oceans of training data, and converts that into plausible-sounding paragraphs of text.
You can ask it countless questions and often will get an answer that's useful. For example. you can ask it encyclopedia questions like. "Explain Newton's laws of motion. " You can tell it. “Write me a poem. " and when it does. say. "Now make it more exciting. ” You can ask it to write a computer program that'll show you all the different ways you can arrange the letters of a word.
A few days after its launch. more than 1 million people were trying out ChatGPT. UBS analyst Lloyd Walmsley estimated in February 2023 that ChatGPT reached 100 million monthly users in January. accomplishing in 2 months what took TikTok about 9 months and Instagram two and a half years.
Many people fear that ChatGPT might help students cheat better. But as with many other technology developments. it's not a simple black-and-white situation. Decades ago. students could copy encyclopedia entries and use calculators. and more recently. they've been able to usesearch engines and Wikipedia. ChatGPT offers new abilities for everything from helping with researeh to doing your homework for you outright.
Dustin York. an associate professor of commination at Maryville University. hopes educators will learn to use ChatGPT as a tool and realize it can help students think critically.
" Educators" thought that Google, Wikipedia, and the Internet itself would ruin education, but they did not. "York said. "What worries me most are educators who may actively try to discourage the acknowledgment of Al like ChatGPT. It is a tool, not a villain. "
22．What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about ChatGPT
A．Its language model.
B．Its working theory.
C．Its design inspiration.
D．Its development process.
23．What can't ChatGPT do
A．Write a computer program.
B．Write homework for students.
C．Chat with users.
D．Help with housework.
24．Why does the author list figures in Paragraph 4
A．To show the popularity of ChatGPT.
B．To stress the high cost of inventing ChatGPT.
C．To present the creativity of artificial intelligence.
D．To prove the necessity of developing tools for chatting online.
25．What's the best title of this article
A．AI advances-our loyal servants
B．ChatGPT-merits and limits
C．A smart APP-think twice before trusting it
D．ChatGPT-a useful AI tool
【答案】22．B 23．D 24．A 25．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了ChatGPT及其作用。
22．主旨大意题。根据第二段“ChatGPT is built on top of the OpenAI GPT-3 family of large language models. It lets you type natural-language prompts and then offers conversational responses. It remembers the thread of your dialogue， using previous questions and answers toinform its next responses. It finds relevant information in its oceans of training data，and converts that into plausible-sounding paragraphs of text.( ChatGPT建立在OpenAI GPT-3家族的大型语言模型之上。它可以让你输入自然语言提示，然后提供对话应答。它会记住你对话的线索，利用之前的问题和答案来决定下一个回答。它在训练数据的海洋中找到相关信息，并将其转换为听起来合理的文本段落。)”可知，第二段是在讲ChatGPT的运作原理。故选B项。
23．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“It lets you type natural-language prompts and then offers conversational responses.(它可以让你输入自然语言提示，然后提供对话应答。)”可知，ChatGPT可以与用户聊天；根据第三段最后一句“You can ask it to write a computer program that’ll show you all the different ways you can arrange the letters of a word.(你可以让它编写一个计算机程序，向你展示排列单词字母的所有不同方式。)”可 知，ChatGPT可以写程序；根据第五段最后一句“ChatGPT offers new abilities for everything from helping with research to doing your homework for you outright.( ChatGPT提供了各种新功能，从帮助研究到完全帮你完成作业。)”可知，ChatGPT可以帮用户写作业。而文中没有提到ChatGPT可以帮助用户做家务。故选D项。
24．推理判断题。从第四段 “A few days after its launch. more than 1 million people were trying out ChatGPT. UBS analyst Lloyd Walmsley estimated in February 2023 that ChatGPT reached 100 million monthly users in January. accomplishing in 2 months what took TikTok about 9 months and Instagram two and a half years.(推出后几天。超过100万人在尝试ChatGPT。瑞银(UBS)分析师劳埃德 沃姆斯利(Lloyd Walmsley)在2023年2月估计，ChatGPT在1月份的月用户数达到了1亿。TikTok用了9个月，Instagram用了2年半。)” 的数据可知，ChatGPT在极短的时间之内吸引了TikTok和Instagram需要很长时间才能吸引的用户量，所以非常受欢迎。故选A项。
25．主旨大意题。本文从第一段开始引入ChatGPT这一新事物；第二段介绍其工作原理；第三段举例介绍ChatGPT可以做什么；第四段介绍ChatGPT迅速吸引了大量用户；第五段客观分析ChatGPT其实并没有帮助学生作弊，而且帮助他们学习得更好；最后两段通过专家的观点呼吁人们客观看待ChatGPT这一工具。所以整篇文章是围绕ChatGPT来写的，应该在B、D选项中选择。本文重点介绍这一新事物作为一种工具是有用的，并没有提及其缺点。故选D项。
（八）
（2023·四川成都·成都实外校考二模）China’s BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) has become the top guidance service provider for domestic Gaode Map, according to a statement released by the Beijing Institute of Space Science and Technology Information.
Based on the average number of satellites called by domestic navigation apps for each positioning, BeiDou satellites have been called the most, 30 percent more than the second-ranked GPS. Although the news only became public on Wednesday, the BDS has actually long overtaken GPS in serving domestic map apps, according to Liu Dingding, a Beijing-based experienced market analyst.
Gaode Map has used BeiDou satellites to make more than 210 billion positioning calls each day. The combination of BDS and map navigation is providing better services to the public. Map apps users can check the number of BeiDou satellites currently offering service in real time during navigation. Another domestic map giant, Baidu Maps, also announced an official switch to the BeiDou system on September 30, with daily positioning uses exceeding 100 billion for the first time.
BeiDou playing a dominant role in the domestic navigation sector is of great significance. For starters, as a homegrown technology, it is free from external interference (外部干扰), and it could ensure data and information security. In addition, the positioning quality of BDS has proved on many occasions to be much better than GPS, Liu said. He also noted that the application of BDS in navigation apps is only the tip of the iceberg. The system has been widely used in many industrial and agricultural sectors, from port management and grain production to providing disaster relief.
An intelligent farm in Handan, North China’s Hebei Province, has installed BeiDou-supported positioning and navigation devices, automatic steering (自动驾驶) devices and remote-control devices on autonomous tractors to sow seeds and spray pesticides. BDS has seen fast development and use overseas too, with BeiDou products, technologies and services applied in more than 120 countries and regions.
26．According to the passage, what do we know about BDS
A．It is the biggest guidance service providers. B．It can prevent natural disasters.
C．It can keep data and information safe. D．It can sow seeds and spray pesticides.
27．Which word best describes Liu’s attitude to BDS
A．Approving. B．Indifferent. C．Pessimistic. D．Skeptical.
28．What do the underlined words “the tip of the iceberg” in Paragraph 4 mean
A．Something easy to disappear. B．A big and noticeable thing.
C．A small part of something. D．Something cold and dangerous.
29．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text
A．To compare GPS with BDS.
B．To applaud the success of BDS.
C．To introduce map apps in China.
D．To explain the functions of a guidance system.
【答案】26．C 27．A 28．C 29．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北斗系统在各个领域的应用中发挥的积极作用。
26．细节理解题。根据第四段中“For starters, as a homegrown technology, it is free from external interference(外部干扰), and it could ensure data and information security. (首先，作为一项自主研发的技术，它不受外部干扰，可以确保数据和信息安全。)”可知，中国的北斗卫星导航系统可以保证数据和信息安全。故选C。
27．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“In addition, the positioning quality of BDS has proved on many occasions to be much better than GPS, Liu said. (此外，刘说在许多情况下，北斗系统的定位质量被证明比GPS要好得多。)”可知，刘对BDS的态度是支持的。故选A。
28．词义猜测题。根据划线词后面的句子“The system has been widely used in many industrial and agricultural sectors, from port management and grain production to providing disaster relief.(该系统已广泛应用于许多工业和农业部门，从港口管理、粮食生产到救灾。)”可知，BDS已经广泛的应用于许多工业和农业部门，由此推断BDS应用于导航只是应用的一小部分。故划线短语the tip of the iceberg与C选项为同义词，意为“某物的一小部分”。故选C。
29．推理判断题。根据文中第一段“China’s BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) has become the top guidance service provider for domestic Gaode Map, according to a statement released by the Beijing Institute of Space Science and Technology Information.(根据北京空间科学技术信息研究所发布的一份声明，中国北斗卫星导航系统(BDS)已成为国内高德地图的顶级导航服务提供商。)”以及倒数第二段中“BeiDou playing a dominant role in the domestic navigation sector is of great significance. (北斗在国内导航领域发挥主导作用具有重要意义。)”以及本段中“The system has been widely used in many industrial and agricultural sectors, from port management and grain production to providing disaster relief.(该系统已广泛应用于许多工业和农业部门，从港口管理、粮食生产到救灾。)”以及最后一段中“An intelligent farm in Handan, North China’s Hebei Province, has installed BeiDou-supported positioning and navigation devices, automatic steering(自动驾驶) devices and remote-control devices on autonomous tractors to sow seeds and spray pesticides.(中国北部河北省邯郸市的一个智能农场在自动拖拉机上安装了北斗支持的定位和导航设备、自动转向设备和遥控设备，用于播种和喷洒农药。)”可知，本文主要讲述的是BDS在各个领域中的成功应用。由此推断文章的目的褒奖北斗系统所取得的巨大成就。故选B。
（九）
（2023·四川成都·成都实外校考二模）In my opinion, my mother has the ability to do anything, especially chores such as ironing and cooking. However, teaching her how to use the Internet is as frustrating as untangling (解开) wires.
Once, my mother came to me to ask for help on how to find a recipe for all-beef Lasagna. I gave her very simple verbal instructions—go to the home page of a particular search engine and type in “recipe for all-beef Lasagna.” Fifteen minutes later, she came to me, telling me that she was unable to find the Internet icon. I went over to the computer and pointed out the icon to her.
Another fifteen minutes went by when I felt a tap on my shoulder. This time, my mother said that she was unable to search for the particular recipe. Gritting (咬) my teeth, I walked to her room again. I saw that she had typed “all beef La saga” instead. With frustrated strokes, I keyed in the correct spelling.
Yet another fifteen minutes went by again when my mother gingerly tapped my shoulder. I stormed next door without bothering to hide my frustration. The main page of the website had not shifted one bit. I then realized that she did not know how to scroll(滚动屏幕) down the page. What had initially seemed like an easy task was turning out to be an intense one.
To avoid being disturbed again, I decided to find the recipe for her. Without a word, I rapidly downloaded a few recipes, printed them out and passed them to my mother. However, seeing her embarrassment, I began to regret my impatience.
At that moment, memories flashed through my mind. When I was young, my mother endured my endless questions, enlightening me with much patience. Now that I am older, the roles slowly reverse. As my mother may increasingly need my help, shouldn’t I rethink how to respond to her needs
30．Why does the author gave her mother very simple instructions at first
A．Because she was an impatient person.
B．Because she didn’t want to be disturbed.
C．Because she wanted to make them easy to follow.
D．Because she thought it was an easy task to do.
31．How did the author’s mother feel when she got the recipes
A．Delighted. B．Embarrassed. C．Frustrated. D．Impatient.
32．Which of the following is probably the end of the story
A．The author becomes more willing to help her mother.
B．The author’s mother becomes more patient to her.
C．The author’s mother doesn’t turn to her for help any more.
D．The author learns more recipes with her mother.
33．What can be a suitable title for this text
A．It’s never too old to learn. B．Action speaks louder than words.
C．Patience is the mother of success. D．Understanding means standing in other’s shoes.
【答案】30．D 31．B 32．A 33．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要描述了母亲因不熟悉电脑而屡次向我求助，而我对她却越来越没有耐心，最后我终于意识到了自己的问题所在。
30．细节理解题。根据第四段的“What had initially seemed like an easy task was turning out to be an intense one.(最初看起来是一项简单的任务，结果却变成了一项艰巨的任务)”可知，一开始作者只给妈妈非常简单的指导是因为作者认为在网上查看菜谱是非常简单的人物。故选D。
31．细节理解题。根据第五段中“However, seeing her embarrassment, I began to regret my impatience.”（然而，看到她的尴尬，我开始后悔我的不耐烦）可知，在作者拿到菜谱之后，妈妈感到非常的尴尬。故选B。
32．推理判断题。根据最后一段“At that moment, memories flashed through my mind. When I was young, my mother endured my endless questions, enlightening me with much patience. Now that I am older, the roles slowly reverse. As my mother may increasingly need my help, shouldn’t I rethink how to respond to her needs ”（那一刻，回忆在我的脑海中闪过。在我小的时候，母亲忍受着我没完没了的问题，耐心地启发着我。现在我长大了，角色慢慢颠倒了。我的母亲可能越来越需要我的帮助，难道我不应该重新考虑如何回应她的需求吗 ）可知，作者后悔自己对母亲不耐烦的态度，想到自己小时候被妈妈耐心地对待，由此判断，作者接下来会更加耐心地对待妈妈，更愿意帮助自己的妈妈。故选A。
33．主旨大意题。文章第一段到第五段讲述了作者母亲因不熟悉电脑而屡次向我求助，而我对她却越来越没有耐心，最后一段提到作者回想小时候母亲对待自己的耐心，后悔自己不耐烦的态度，从而认为自己要改变自己的态度，要站在母亲的角度上考虑她的需求。D项“理解意味着站在别人的立场上。”符合文意。故选D。
（十）
（2023·四川成都·校联考二模）When it comes to gifts of affection, flowers are a classic choice. But of all the flowers given on Valentine’s Day in America, none are as popular as the red rose. However, before you hit the nearest flower shop for a bunch of roses, find out how the tradition of giving roses for Valentine’s Day started.
The tradition of giving roses for Valentine’s Day has several origin stories, and like the history of Valentine’s Day, it’s rooted in Greek mythology. Some stories say that the first red rose was created when Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love and beauty, was scratched by a white rose’s thorn (刺), causing that rose to turn red, while others say that the first red rose grew on the ground where Aphrodite’s lover died and the goddess’s tears fell.
But according to Sara Cleto, a famous folklorist (民俗学家) in America, an important reason why giving roses for Valentine’s Day has persisted as a tradition is that roses are beautiful, fabulous-smelling flowers that happen to travel really well. “Flowers are usually shipped over long distances, and roses are both gorgeous and hardy, so that’s a huge part of why this practice has continued” says Cleto. And as for red roses, they are the best choice for Valentine’s Day just because the color is associated with passion and romantic love.
Recently, while COVID-19—related lockdown aroused a love of houseplants in Americans across the country, plants haven’t replaced roses as Valentine’s Day gifts. “Red roses are still the most popular stem on Valentine’s Day,” says Sandra Varley, who has more than a decade of experience of selling flowers. “The younger you are, the more likely you are to buy red roses. Mixed-stem bunches in hot pinks are becoming more popular. However, nothing quite says love like a red, red rose.”
Of course, Valentine’s Day roses aren’t strictly for expressing romantic love. If you want to go with something that signifies friendship, skip the red and go straight for yellow roses.
34．What can we learn about the origin of the tradition of giving roses for Valentine’s Day
A．It is related to a travelling story. B．It was created by American people.
C．It was started in honor of two lovers. D．There is no exact explanation about it.
35．Why does the practice of giving roses for Valentine’s Day last so long
A．They’re considered the most beautiful flowers in the world.
B．They’re gorgeous and able to stand long distance travel.
C．They look and smell better than any other flower.
D．They stand for passion and romantic love.
36．Why is the love of houseplants in Paragraph 4 mentioned
A．To illustrate the popularity of roses. B．To prove how deep people love plants.
C．To show the impacts of COVID-19 virus. D．To suggest replacing roses with other flowers.
37．What is the text mainly about
A．The tradition of giving roses on Valentine’s Day.
B．Popular legends about the origin of giving roses.
C．Some ways to celebrate Valentine’s Day.
D．Experts’ suggestions on choosing roses.
【答案】34．D 35．B 36．A 37．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章从历史渊源、原因等方面介绍了玫瑰花在作为情人节礼物的盛行。
34．推理判断题。根据第二段“The tradition of giving roses for Valentine’s Day has several origin stories, and like the history of Valentine’s Day, it’s rooted in Greek mythology. (情人节送玫瑰的传统有好几个起源故事，就像情人节的历史一样，它起源于希腊神话。)”可知，关于情人节送玫瑰的习俗的起源只是一些传说故事，并没有确切的表述。故选D项。
35．细节理解题。根据第三段“Flowers are usually shipped over long distances, and roses are both gorgeous and hardy, so that’s a huge part of why this practice has continued (鲜花通常是长途运输的，而玫瑰既美丽又耐寒，所以这是这种做法持续下去的很大一部分原因)”可知，玫瑰花美丽、耐寒，且经得起长途运输，正是这些原因使得它成为最盛行的情人节礼物。故选B项。
36．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Recently, while COVID-19—related lockdown aroused a love of houseplants in Americans across the country, plants haven’t replaced roses as Valentine’s Day gifts. (最近，虽然与新冠病毒疫情相关的封锁引发了美国人对室内植物的喜爱，但植物并没有取代玫瑰成为情人节礼物。)”可知，人们在疫情期间，培养了种植植物的爱好，但这并没有消减情人节送玫瑰的热情，这更证明了玫瑰花的魅力和盛行程度。故选A项。
37．主旨大意题。根据全文可知，文章主要介绍了玫瑰花作为情人节礼物的盛行。故选A项。
（十一）
（2023·四川成都·成都七中校考二模）The famous Spanish painter Pablo Picasso once said,“I always do what I can’t do so that I can learn how to do it.”It strikes a chord(引起共鸣)with me because that’s exactly what I’ve done these years.
One of my earliest memories of doing before learning is of baking scones(烤饼)when I was about 10 years old. I wanted to bake them to surprise my mother when she returned home.
Before that I’d observed how my mother baked them many times. As I started to try, I didn’t know I shouldn’t handle the dough(面团)with my hands too much once I’d added the baking powder(发酵粉).However，I knew exactly how to roll out the dough and use a cookie cutter to cut the scones, because my mom had already taught me.
By the time my mom arrived home,the smell of freshly baked scones welcomed her into the kitchen. They were baked to golden brown perfection—flat, as a result of over handling the dough, but they tasted OK. My mom sweetly praised me for my attempt, rather than scolding me for the state of the kitchen,which was like a tornado had just blown!
Have my attempts always been successful I wish! Some of my kitchen disasters were of such proportions that even the dogs wanted nothing to do with them. My gardening failures didn’t live to see another season.
But my habit of doing before learning is still helpful. Whatever computer program or application I have to learn,I do so by simply starting to use it. I do, learn, and improve. So if you ask me whether I regret that I tend to do first and learn later, I’d say I don’t, because what I have discovered from those is the wisdom to know when it’s OK to do and then learn, and when it’s probably better to learn and then do!
38．What can we learn about the author’s first experience of baking scones
A．She practiced hard before actually trying.
B．She turned to her mom when necessary.
C．She wanted to perform better than her mom.
D．She managed to do it despite a little imperfection.
39．How did Mom respond to the author’s attempt
A．She made improvements to the scones.
B．She expressed her appreciation for the job.
C．She shared her first experience of baking.
D．She was surprised by the mess in the kitchen.
40．What does the author think of her practices of“doing before learning”
A．They are just a barely usable method.
B．Most of them have ended up in failure.
C．They contribute a lot to her self-improvement.
D．They only apply to the learning of specific skills.
41．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A．To stress the importance of keeping learning.
B．To show the benefits of doing before learning.
C．To encourage people to do something they can’t do.
D．To call on readers to change their way of learning.
【答案】38．D 39．B 40．C 41．B
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者以自己年少时做烤饼的经历引入，集中论述了“做先于学”的好处。
38．细节理解题。根据第四段中“By the time my mom arrived home, the smell of freshly baked scones welcomed her into the kitchen. They were baked to golden brown perfection—flat, as a result of over handling the dough，but they tasted OK.(当我妈妈到家时，新鲜出炉的烤饼的香味把她迎进了厨房。由于过度处理面团，他们被烤成金棕色的完美扁平，但味道还不错。)”可知，尽管最后作者做的烤饼因为过度手揉而有点扁平，但是味道很好，她的尝试成功了。故选D项。
39．细节理解题。根据第四段中“My mom sweetly praised me for my attempt, rather than scolding me for the state of the kitchen.(我妈妈甜蜜地称赞我的努力，而不是责骂我厨房的状况。)”可知，妈妈对作者的尝试表示赞赏。故选B项。
40．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But my habit of doing before learning is still helpful. Whatever computer program or application I have to learn,I do so by simply starting to use it. I do, learn, and improve. So if you ask me whether I regret that I tend to do first and learn later, I’d say I don’t, because what I have discovered from those is the wisdom to know when it’s OK to do and then learn, and when it’s probably better to learn and then do!(但我在学习前做的习惯仍然很有用。无论我需要学习什么计算机程序或应用程序，我都是通过简单地开始使用它来做到的。所以，如果你问我是否后悔我倾向于先做后学，我会说我不会，因为我从中发现了一种智慧，那就是知道什么时候可以做，什么时候可以学，什么时候最好学，然后做！)”可知，作者认为这些在“学习”之前就做出的尝试极大地助力了她的自我提升。故选C项。
41．推理判断题。由文章第一段“The famous Spanish painter Pablo Picasso once said,‘I always do what I can’t do so that I can learn how to do it.’It strikes a chord(引起共鸣)with me because that’s exactly what I’ve done these years.(西班牙著名画家巴勃罗·毕加索（Pablo Picasso）曾说过：‘我总是做我做不到的事，这样我才能学会做。’这句话引起了我的共鸣，因为这正是我这些年来所做的。)”以及根据最后一段“But my habit of doing before learning is still helpful. Whatever computer program or application I have to learn,I do so by simply starting to use it. I do, learn, and improve. So if you ask me whether I regret that I tend to do first and learn later, I’d say I don’t, because what I have discovered from those is the wisdom to know when it’s OK to do and then learn, and when it’s probably better to learn and then do!(但我在学习前做的习惯仍然很有用。无论我需要学习什么计算机程序或应用程序，我都是通过简单地开始使用它来做到的。所以，如果你问我是否后悔我倾向于先做后学，我会说我不会，因为我从中发现了一种智慧，那就是知道什么时候可以做，什么时候可以学，什么时候最好学，然后做！)”可知，作者主要通过自己的亲身经历论述了“做先于学”的益处。故选B项。
（十二）
（2023·四川成都·四川省成都市第八中学校校考二模）More than half a trillion dollars. That's the estimated value of all the stuff that U. S. shoppers bought last year only to return it—more than the economy of Israel or Austria. We tried new brands with unfamiliar sizes after seeing them on TikTok. We overbought for the holidays, and we shopped overly online, where returns are between two and five times more likely than that from stores.
Where does it all go Take the blanket I bought on holiday sale for example. I opened the package, only to discover it was just too small for my new sofa. So I returned it. Sorry, blanket! What will happen to it
“Your blanket is very likely to be in a landfill,” says Hitendra Chaturvedi, a supply chain management professor at Arizona State University. “That is what consumers don't realize—the life of a return is a very, very sad path.” Value is the big threshold (门槛): Is the product worth the cost of shipping back and paying someone to inspect, clean, repair or test Experts estimate that retailers (零售商) throw away about 25％ of their returns. Every year, U. S. returns create almost 6 billion pounds of landfill waste.
Many others get resold in discount and outlet stores. Some go to sellers on websites. Some get donated to charity or recycled. “These options have increased over the past decade, allowing more and more returns to find a new home”, says Marcus Shen, chief operating officer of B-Stock, a platform where retailers can resell their returns, often to smaller stores.
As companies compete on flexible return policies, technology is also slowly playing a part: helping shoppers buy the right-size sweater or picture a new blanket inside their room. Most importantly, She says, shoppers themselves are getting more and more comfortable with buying stuff that's not exactly brand-new.
“The idea of that is no longer scary for us, right ” he says. On his holiday-returns agenda is an electric, self-heating coffee mug that he has never opened, and he feels confident it will find a happy new buyer.
42．What is paragraph 1 mainly about
A．The challenge facing the American economy. B．The urgency to cut down on online shopping.
C．The returning problem caused by overbuying online. D．The cost of finding new homes for returned goods.
43．Why do some returns end up in landfills
A．It's required by the return policies. B．It saves retailers 6 billion pounds a year.
C．It's impossible to put returns to other uses. D．It's more economically efficient for retailers.
44．How does technology contribute to less returning
A．By helping shoppers make better decisions. B．By restoring the newness in returned goods.
C．By improving the return policy-making process. D．By drawing pictures of the goods for the shoppers.
45．Which of the following examples indicates a desirable end-result for returns
A．TikTok items. B．The coffee mug. C．The blanket. D．A right-size sweater.
【答案】42．C 43．D 44．A 45．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。美国购物者去年购买的所有商品的价值很高，但随之而来的是过度购买带来的高退货率，文章说明了高退货率的原因以及带来的结果。
42．主旨大意题。根据第一段“More than half a trillion dollars. That's the estimated value of all the stuff that U. S. shoppers bought last year only to return it—more than the economy of Israel or Austria. We tried new brands with unfamiliar sizes after seeing them on TikTok. We overbought for the holidays, and we shopped overly online, where returns are between two and five times more likely than that from stores.(超过5万亿美元。这是美国购物者去年购买的所有商品的估计价值，而这些商品的退货量却超过了以色列或奥地利的经济总值。在TikTok上看到新品牌后，我们尝试尺寸不熟悉的品牌。我们在假期过度买，过度网购，在网上退货的可能性是实体商店的两到五倍。)”可知，第一段内容主要是关于美国购物者网上过度购买导致的退货问题。故选C。
43．推理判断题。根据第三段“'Your blanket is very likely to be in a landfill,' says Hitendra Chaturvedi, a supply chain management professor at Arizona State University. 'That is what consumers don't realize—the life of a return is a very, very sad path.' Value is the big threshold (门槛): Is the product worth the cost of shipping back and paying someone to inspect, clean, repair or test Experts estimate that retailers (零售商) throw away about 25％ of their returns. Every year, U. S. returns create almost 6 billion pounds of landfill waste.(亚利桑那州立大学供应链管理教授Hitendra Chaturvedi说：“你的毯子很可能在垃圾填埋场。”。“就是消费者没有意识到的，一件退货的生命是一条非常非常悲伤的道路。”价值是一个很大的门槛：产品是否值得付运费，和花钱请人进行检查、清洁、维修或测试？专家估计，零售商丢弃了大约25%的退货。每年，美国都会产生将近60亿磅的垃圾填埋场垃圾。)”可知，大多数退货所产生的运费和其他附加费用高过商品价值本身，商家因此选择直接扔掉退货，由此可知，扔掉退货对零售商来说更具经济效益，因此许多退货最终会被丢进垃圾填埋场。故选D。
44．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“As companies compete on flexible return policies, technology is also slowly playing a part: helping shoppers buy the right-size sweater or picture a new blanket inside their room. (随着公司在灵活的退货政策上展开竞争，技术也在慢慢发挥作用：帮助购物者购买合适尺寸的毛衣或帮助他们想象他们房间里的一张新毯子。)”可知，技术可以帮助消费者抉择商品是否适合自己的需求，从而帮助购物者做出更好的购买决定，故选A。
45．推理判断题。根据最后一段“'The idea of that is no longer scary for us, right 'he says. On his holiday-returns agenda is an electric, self-heating coffee mug that he has never opened, and he feels confident it will find a happy new buyer.(“这种想法对我们来说不再可怕了，对吧？”他说。在他的假日退货议程上，有一个他从未打开过的电热咖啡杯，他相信它会找到一个快乐的新买家。)”可知，这个电热咖啡杯的退货会带来一个理想的结局，故选B。
（十三）
（2023·四川成都·四川省成都市第八中学校校考二模）A special place to stay can make a holiday — but also break the bank. We have picked new affordable places across Europe for ?150 a room a night or less.
Scourie Hotel
Doubles from ?129
Opened October 2015
This hotel has been adored by fishing fans for generations. When the Campbell family bought it six years ago, they updated it with gentle, stylish furnishings. There’s a string of spectacular beaches to discover, including the Scourie Bay with golden sand.
Ho36 Hotel
Doubles from ?109
Opened December 2017
This hotel offers the rarest of things — ski accommodation that is both affordable and stylish. Guests can ski or snowboard from the front door. There are two lively bars with live music and regular DJ nights, a restaurant serving hearty Alpine meals and film nights.
Conscious Hotel
Doubles from ?120
Opened April 2016
This fourth hotel by Dutch sustainable brand Conscious is the first powered entirely by wind. The restaurant is fully organic and the bedrooms are simple with contemporary elements. The hotel overlooks the Westerpark, one of Amsterdam’s biggest green spaces.
Dock Hotel
Doubles from ?150
Opened May 2014
This large hotel on the Baltic coast is made from shipping containers. The industrial theme continues inside,with concrete walls, exposed pipes, and more containers. The hotel is 12 minutes’ walk from the beach.
46．Which hotel best suits people who enjoy an active social life
A．Scourie Hotel.
B．Ho36 Hotel.
C．Conscious Hotel.
D．Dock Hotel.
47．What is special about Conscious Hotel
A．It is old-fashioned.
B．It has the longest history.
C．It is environment-friendly.
D．It offers the biggest green space.
48．What can the guests of Scourie Hotel and Dock Hotel do
A．Update the furniture.
B．Walk on the beach.
C．Appreciate architecture.
D．Visit industrial fairs.
【答案】46．B 47．C 48．B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章是一篇广告，介绍了欧洲四个廉价旅馆。
46．细节理解题。根据Ho36 Hotel部分的“There are two lively bars with live music and regular DJ nights, a restaurant serving hearty Alpine meals and film nights.(这里有两个热闹的酒吧，有现场音乐和定期的DJ之夜，还有一家餐厅提供丰盛的阿尔卑斯美食和电影之夜)”可知，Ho36 Hotel有两间热闹的酒吧，还有供应美食和电影的餐厅，所以它适合那些喜欢活跃社交生活的人，故选B。
47．细节理解题。根据Conscious Hotel部分的“This fourth hotel by Dutch sustainable brand Conscious is the first powered entirely by wind.(这家由荷兰可持续品牌意识设计的第四家酒店是第一家完全由风力驱动的酒店)”可知，Conscious Hotel的特殊之处是，它第一个完全由风力驱动的酒店，即环境友好型的酒店，故选C。
48．细节理解题。根据Scourie Hotel部分的“There’s a string of spectacular beaches to discover, including the Scourie Bay with golden sand.(这里有一系列壮观的海滩等着你去发现，包括有金色沙滩的斯科瑞湾)”以及Dock Hotel部分的“The hotel is 12 minutes’ walk from the beach.(酒店距离海滩步行12分钟)”可知，这两个酒店的游客都可去沙滩上走走。故选B。
（十四）
（2023·四川成都·石室中学校考二模）A competition making up Versailles literature was launched on Sina Weibo recently. So what is Versailles literature
Actually, the term has nothing to do with the French palace nor with literature. It came from The Rose of Versailles, a Japanese manga series about aristocratic（贵族化的）life at the palace of Versailles in France in the late 18th century, and was coined by a Chinese influencer earlier this year. Known as humblebragging, it is a big takl disguised as a complaint. “I have too many houses. How can I decide which one to decorate ” and “I thought I lost weight this morning. So disappointed when I realized it was because I took off the huge diamond ring my boyfriend gave me last night” are some examples of Versailles literature. The intention is to show off --- usually things of materialistic values, yet one ought to pretend that’s not the point.
As the 19th century English author Jane Austen famously wrote, “Nothing is more dishonest than the appearance of modesty.” The psychology behind humblebragging is to be recognized for one’s successes and be liked by others at the same time, according to scholars. In her article titled Why do people hate humblebragging published in Psychology Today, psychologist Dr. Susan Krauss Whitbourne at the University of Massachusetts Amherst noted that humblebragging is a “strategy in pursuit of respect” because it draws attention to one’s accomplishments in a circuitous way.
However, studies on social media users show that humblebragging as a self-promotion strategy does not work. In the essay Humblebragging: A distinct and ineffective self-presentation strategy, the University of North Carolina researcher Ovul Sezer and Harvard University scholars Francesca Gino and Michael Norton concluded from their research that humblebraggers are perceived more negatively than straight braggers due to the former’s insincerity. “The critical factor differentiating the two groups of people is sincerity. People don’t like braggers, but they at least see them as more sincere than humblebraggers,” said Francesca Gino.
So, how can we annoy humblebraggers back “Just pretend you don’t get whatever it is they try to show off,” a netizen advised. “And respond with genuine sympathy for their complaints.”
49．Which of the following statements is typical of “Versailles literature”
A．You know who my father is My father is Li Gang.
B．I’m fed up with living in the countryside with no shopping malls around.
C．It’s a headache how to make my son tidy up his room regularly.
D．Got five offers to date. I’m at a loss which to choose.
50．What is the psychology behind humblebragging
A．To earn others’ admiration. B．To win others’ sympathy.
C．To show his/her sincerity. D．To mask his/her complaint.
51．What does the underlined world “circuitous” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．indirect B．straightforward C．obvious. D．sharp.
52．What can’t be inferred from the passage
A．Braggers are relatively more sincere than humblebraggers.
B．Humblebragging is an artificial appearance of being humble.
C．If you want to be perceived positively, avoid using Versailles literature.
D．To respond with real sympathy will discourage humblebraggers.
【答案】49．D 50．A 51．A 52．C
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“凡尔赛文学”。
49．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Known as humblebragging, it is a boast（吹牛）disguised as a complaint. “I have too many houses. How can I decide which one to decorate ” and “I thought I lost weight this morning. So disappointed when I realized it was because I took off the huge diamond ring my boyfriend gave me中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2023年高考英语四川省成都市名校二模阅读理解题汇总(原卷版）
（包括成实外、成都七中、石室中学、校联考、第八中学共十六篇）
（一）
（2023·四川成都·成都实外校考二模）From Zzz to Aha!
When you are stuck on a problem, sometimes it is best to stop thinking about it — consciously, anyway. Research has shown that taking a break or a nap can help the brain create paths to a solution. Now a new study expands on the effect of this so-called incubation by using sound cues to focus the sleeping mind on a targeted problem.
When humans sleep, parts of the brain replay certain memories, strengthening and transforming them. About a decade ago researchers developed a technique, called targeted memory reactivation (再激活) (TMR), aimed at further strengthening selected memories: when a sound becomes associated with a memory and is later played during sleep, that memory gets reactivated.
In a study published last November in Psychological Science, scientists tested whether revisiting the memory of a puzzle during sleep might also improve problem-solving. About 60 participants visited the laboratory before and after a night of sleep. In an evening session, they attempted different puzzles, with a distinct music clip repeating in the background for each, until they had worked on 6 puzzles they could not solve. Overnight they wore electrodes (电极条) to detect slow-wave sleep, a state of deep dreamless sleep, which may be important for memory enhancement — and a device played the sounds related to 3 of the 6 unsolved puzzles. The next day, back at the lab, the participants attempted the 6 puzzles again. All told, the subjects solved 32% of the sound-cued puzzles compared with 21% of the untargeted puzzles— an increase of more than 50 percent.
“These are super cool results. Now we need to go further and try to understand them by firstly replicating (复制) them and secondly trying to work out the component processes that are actually being influenced,” says Penny Lewis, a psychologist at Cardiff University.
Beyond providing new evidence that humans restructure memories while sleeping, the research may have practical implications. In a futuristic world, maybe TMR could help us use sleep to work on our problems. Sleep-monitoring technology is increasingly accessible — and even without gadgets, prospective solvers can focus on important problems before bed.
1．What can we learn about TMR
A．It can be used to help people improve their sleep quality.
B．It is aimed at removing selected memories.
C．It replays a sound to get related memories reactivated in sleep.
D．It is a technique published in Psychological Science last November.
2．According to the experiment, what may be the reason for the increase of puzzle solving
A．The specific music. B．The electrodes.
C．Slow-wave sleep. D．The targeted puzzles.
3．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A．The participants of the study. B．The researchers of the study.
C．The results of the study. D．The 6 unsolved puzzles.
4．What is the text mainly about
A．Sleeping can help humans restructure memories.
B．Listening to music can strengthen and transform memories.
C．Taking a break or a nap can help the brain create solutions.
D．Reactivating remembered problems during sleep can bring solutions.
（二）
（2023·四川成都·成都实外校考二模）The Chengdu Natural History Museum has been opened to the public for some time! If you have not been to it, don’t worry. Today, you will have a “cloud visit” with us first.
With a total exhibition area of about 17,000 square meters, The Chengdu Natural History Museum has nearly 70,000 collections and about 10,000 exhibits on display.
● Hall of Geological EnvironmentFrom the Big Bang to the earth’s evolution, this hall offers tourists an excellent review of the earth through scene restoration and specimen (标本) exhibition.● Hall of Mineral ResourcesIt is like an amazing world of minerals. Dazzling minerals and gems are waiting for you to enjoy their beauties carefully.● Hall of Dinosaurs’ SecretThe exhibition hall tells the origin, evolution and extinction of dinosaurs, and introduces visitors to the mysterious stories of the age of dinosaurs and the five major dinosaur families.● Hall of Diverse LifeLifelike animal specimens are displayed throughout the exhibition hall, and visitors get immersed in the wonderful animal world. In addition, there is an AR screen for interaction, making this place a paradise for animal lovers!
Besides the permanent exhibition halls, the museum also has 2 temporary exhibition halls and a 4D cinema hall that is not yet open. Hopefully, you can visit them soon!Opening time
Open at 9:00-17:00 from Tuesday to Sunday (visitors are not allowed to enter the museum after 16:30); closed on Monday.
Admission ticket reservation
Please make your reservation at least one day in advance on the WeChat account of “Chengdu Natural History Museum”. Real-name reservations can be made with the number of your ID card or passport.
For more information, please click https://mp.weixin./s/1hjvAXvgRisrO1bO0d65TA．
5．If you like animals, which of the following is the best choice
A．Hall of Geological Environment. B．Hall of Mineral Resources.
C．Hall of Dinosaurs’ Secret. D．Hall of Diverse Life.
6．Visitors CANNOT enter the museum ________.
A．at 10:00 on Monday morning B．at 11:00 on Thursday morning
C．at 3:20 on Sunday afternoon D．at 4:20 on Saturday afternoon
7．Where is the passage probably from
A．A textbook. B．A website. C．A guidebook. D．A magazine.
（三）
（2023·四川成都·成都七中校考二模）
·Do an anonymous (匿名的) act of kindness for someone. ·Leave a smile card behind to encourage them to pay-it-forward. ·Share your story here to spread the inspiration. ·Change the world, one kind act at a time.
ORDER SMILE CARDSTo request Smile Cards, please fill out the form below. A volunteer will mail you an order of ten cards within two weeks. Smile Cards are offered to anyone who requests them on a pay-it-forward basis. That means there is no charge for a set of cards. Someone before you have paid for your cards, and you are invited to keep the chain going and pay-forward whatever you wish for the next person! For special events or circumstances, you can also place a large quantity of request.
Note: When using a Smile Card, remember not to just hand it out by itself. The idea is to do something kind for someone and then leave the Smile Card behind, so that they know someone reached out to them, and that they are invited to pay-forward the kindness and1 keep the ripples going!
PLACE SMILE CARD ORDER NOW
ABOUT US
KindSpring is a place to practice small acts of “kindness”. For over a decade the KindSpring user community has focused on inner transformation, while collectively changing the world with generosity, gratitude, and trust. The site is 100% volunteer-run and totally non-commercial. It is a shared labour of love.
Please tell us what inspired you to order Smile Cards, and give us an example of a kind act you’d like to do using them.
8．When can you use a smile card according to the passage
A．Your friend’s birthday is approaching.
B．Your classmate has won the first prize.
C．You’ve ordered lunch for a poor friend.
D．You find your classmate in low spirits.
9．What do you do to order smile cards
A．Pay for them in advance.
B．Place a big quantity of request.
C．Join KindSpring.
D．Tell what favor you will do for others.
10．Where is it possible for us to find the passage above
A．A textbook.
B．A website.
C．A journal.
D．A brochure.
（四）
（2023·四川成都·成都七中校考二模）As the concept of emotional intelligence (EI) has gone global, we’ve watched professionals fail as they try to improve their emotional intelligence because they either don’t know where to focus their efforts or they haven’t understood how to improve these skills on a practical level. In our work consulting with companies and coaching leaders, we have found that if you’re looking to develop particular EI strengths, it helps to consider areas for improvement others have identified along with the goals you want to achieve-and then to actively build habits in those areas rather than simply relying on understanding them conceptually.
The first step is to get a sense of how your self-perception (how you see yourself) differs from your reputation (how others see you). This is especially true for the development of EI because we can be blind to how we express and read the emotional components of our interactions. For example, most of us think that we’re good listeners, but very often that’s really not the case. Without this external reality check, it will be difficult for you to identify the ways that your actions affect your performance. Getting feedback from others can also provide proof of the necessity of shifting our behavior and motivation to do so.
To give you the best sense of where the differences lie between your self-perception and reputation, you should use a 360-degree feedback assessment that takes into account the multiple aspects of EI. The key is to find one to give you feedback, which is focused on development and not on performance assessment. And that can give you a detailed understanding of how other people’s assessments of you differ from your own assessments.
Secondly, when you get your feedback from an assessment, let that inform what you want to improve. But also consider what your goals are. When it comes to cultivating strengths in emotional intelligence, you’re at a huge disadvantage if you’re only interested because others say you should be. Your emotional intelligence is so tied up in your sense of self that being intrinsically (内在的) motivated to make the effort matters more when changing longstanding habits than it does when simply learning a skill.
That means the areas that you choose to actively work on should lie at the intersection of the feedback you’ve gotten and the areas that are most important to your own aspirations. Understanding the influences of your current EI habits relative to your goals will keep you going over a long period of time as you do the work of strengthening your emotional intelligence.
11．What do we know from the first paragraph
A．Professionals fail to understand the concepts of EI.
B．EI plays a key role in professional development.
C．Leaders are badly in need of improving their EI.
D．You know how to improve EI better with others’ help.
12．According to the passage, which of the following is an “external reality check”
A．You got help from your parents when making a key decision.
B．Your teacher directed you towards a better attitude in study.
C．You reflected yourself and made a New Year Resolution.
D．Your career development speeds up with the guidance of others.
13．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 4
A．It’s most reliable to follow your inner call when you want to improve your EI.
B．It’s hard for others to know your EI because it hides deeply behind your inner sense.
C．When you want to improve EI, you should take your goals into consideration.
D．Acquiring a new skill is more significant than your attempt to improve your EI.
14．Which of the following might the author agree with
A．Effective EI development is determined by different factors.
B．EI development is unlikely to happen unless you know what EI really is.
C．The importance of performance assessment is underestimated.
D．Your inner self discourages you from improving your EI.
（五）
（2023·四川成都·石室中学校考二模）
With your support today UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency, can step up operations in Ukraine and neighboring countries to help people who are forced to flee their homes to escape the military action. Will you help civilians who are forced to flee 80 could help provide emergency relief items such as shelter, bedding and tarpaulins.
To give 80 now, visit unrefugees.org. uk/ukraine-economist, call 0800-029-3883 or fill out and return the donation form.
The number of displaced people, both within Ukraine itself and in neighboring countries, is still growing every day. Families fleeing can only take so much with them. They will need support to survive far from home in incredibly difficult and dangerous conditions.
UNHCR's RESPONSE
UNHCR has worked in Ukraine since 1994 and has not left since. There are six UNHCR offices across the country, as well as three warehouses storing humanitarian supplies. Over 100 UNHCR staff are working in Ukraine to get support to families, with a similar number in neighboring countries and more set to follow. UN High Commissioner for Refugees Filippo Grandi said:
“Hour by hour, minute by minute, more people are fleeing the terrifying reality of violence. Countless have been displaced inside the country. And unless there is an immediate end to the conflict, millions more are likely to be forced to flee Ukraine. . .
“Inside Ukraine, our staff--and other humanitarians--are working where and when they can in frightening conditions. Our staff stay, even at great risk , because we know the needs in the country are huge. . . UNHCR staff have already moved in throughout the region and are scaling up our protection and assistance programmes for refugees, in support of host governments. ”
YOU CAN HELP NOW
The support of people like you has helped UNHCR send relief items in by land and by air, but the needs are huge, and growing every day. UNHCR urgently needs more resources.
Your support today can help ensure that people forced to flee their homes are sheltered and safe.
15．How can you help those displaced people
A．By donating 80 pounds.
B．By providing emergency relief items.
C．By visiting unrefugees.org.uk.
D．By stepping up operations in Ukraine.
16．Which is right for UNHCR
A．It helps people to escape the military action.
B．It has worked in Ukraine for more than 30 years.
C．There are now over 200 UNHCR staff in Ukraine and neighboring countries.
D．There are six UNHCR offices in Ukraine and neighboring countries.
17．What is the purpose of the passage
A．To introduce UNHCR.
B．To seek support and donation.
C．To reveal the current situation in Ukraine.
D．To recruit volunteers.
（六）
（2023·四川成都·石室中学校考二模）Recently, I had lunch with a young Chinese student who studies at a college in New York. He is very bright and ambitious and I enjoyed our conversation. Still, I felt upset and useless afterwards because I was not able to provide him with any good news. Graduating at the end of this year, he asked me how he could find a job in this country and fulfill his career dreams.
In recent years, students who found a job here after graduation have had to go through a cruel lottery system to obtain their H-1B working visa. And the success rates have been declining year after year because of the ever growing number of applicants. Last year, there were 233,000 applicants and only 30 percent of them were lucky, about half of the rate in 2013.
And it can only become worse. US former President Donald Trump’s immigration policies in this country have been tightening up and this trend will continue for at least the next few years. In this case, foreign students studying social sciences, a field in which starting salaries are rarely above the required amount, can kiss their visa hopes goodbye.
Compared to the older generation of Chinese students, today’s young people no longer consider the US as the only option. Many start to think China offers better opportunities in the longer term.
This is not to say that Chinese students in the US are not interested in job opportunities here any more. A few years of work experience in the US can give them advantages when they finally land back in their home country. But if the job opportunities are largely reduced by the tightening of immigration policy, I expect there will be a decline. And if that happens, it is the American economy that will suffer from the loss of those educated, hard-working and talented immigrants.
18．The author felt useless because ___.
A．he couldn’t find a job in the fierce job market.
B．he was less bright and ambitious than the Chinese young student.
C．he couldn’t win the cruel lottery.
D．he had to make the Chinese student realize it was difficult to find work there.
19．Which is not the reason why foreign students have difficulty finding jobs in the US
A．It is increasingly hard for them to get their H-1B working visa.
B．The number of applicants in the job market is ever growing.
C．Donald Trump’s immigration policies have been tightening up.
D．The starting salaries they require are higher than expected.
20．Supposing there were 250, 000 applicants in 2013, how many of them got their H-1B working visa
A．125, 000.
B．75, 000.
C．150. 000.
D．200, 000.
21．What’s the writer’s attitude towards the tightening of immigration policy in the US
A．Indifferent.
B．Concerned.
C．Favorable.
D．Objective.
（七）
（2023·四川成都·石室中学校考二模）Even if you aren't into artificial intelligence, it's time to pay attention to ChatGPT, because this one is a big deal. ChatGPT is an Al chatbot system that OpenAI released in November to show off and test what a very large, powerful Al system can accomplish.
ChatGPT is built on top of the OpenAI GPT-3 family of large language models. It lets you type natural-language prompts and then offers conversational responses. It remembers the thread of your dialogue, using previous questions and answers to inform its next responses. It finds relevant information in its oceans of training data, and converts that into plausible-sounding paragraphs of text.
You can ask it countless questions and often will get an answer that's useful. For example. you can ask it encyclopedia questions like. "Explain Newton's laws of motion. " You can tell it. “Write me a poem. " and when it does. say. "Now make it more exciting. ” You can ask it to write a computer program that'll show you all the different ways you can arrange the letters of a word.
A few days after its launch. more than 1 million people were trying out ChatGPT. UBS analyst Lloyd Walmsley estimated in February 2023 that ChatGPT reached 100 million monthly users in January. accomplishing in 2 months what took TikTok about 9 months and Instagram two and a half years.
Many people fear that ChatGPT might help students cheat better. But as with many other technology developments. it's not a simple black-and-white situation. Decades ago. students could copy encyclopedia entries and use calculators. and more recently. they've been able to usesearch engines and Wikipedia. ChatGPT offers new abilities for everything from helping with researeh to doing your homework for you outright.
Dustin York. an associate professor of commination at Maryville University. hopes educators will learn to use ChatGPT as a tool and realize it can help students think critically.
" Educators" thought that Google, Wikipedia, and the Internet itself would ruin education, but they did not. "York said. "What worries me most are educators who may actively try to discourage the acknowledgment of Al like ChatGPT. It is a tool, not a villain. "
22．What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about ChatGPT
A．Its language model.
B．Its working theory.
C．Its design inspiration.
D．Its development process.
23．What can't ChatGPT do
A．Write a computer program.
B．Write homework for students.
C．Chat with users.
D．Help with housework.
24．Why does the author list figures in Paragraph 4
A．To show the popularity of ChatGPT.
B．To stress the high cost of inventing ChatGPT.
C．To present the creativity of artificial intelligence.
D．To prove the necessity of developing tools for chatting online.
25．What's the best title of this article
A．AI advances-our loyal servants
B．ChatGPT-merits and limits
C．A smart APP-think twice before trusting it
D．ChatGPT-a useful AI tool
（八）
（2023·四川成都·成都实外校考二模）China’s BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) has become the top guidance service provider for domestic Gaode Map, according to a statement released by the Beijing Institute of Space Science and Technology Information.
Based on the average number of satellites called by domestic navigation apps for each positioning, BeiDou satellites have been called the most, 30 percent more than the second-ranked GPS. Although the news only became public on Wednesday, the BDS has actually long overtaken GPS in serving domestic map apps, according to Liu Dingding, a Beijing-based experienced market analyst.
Gaode Map has used BeiDou satellites to make more than 210 billion positioning calls each day. The combination of BDS and map navigation is providing better services to the public. Map apps users can check the number of BeiDou satellites currently offering service in real time during navigation. Another domestic map giant, Baidu Maps, also announced an official switch to the BeiDou system on September 30, with daily positioning uses exceeding 100 billion for the first time.
BeiDou playing a dominant role in the domestic navigation sector is of great significance. For starters, as a homegrown technology, it is free from external interference (外部干扰), and it could ensure data and information security. In addition, the positioning quality of BDS has proved on many occasions to be much better than GPS, Liu said. He also noted that the application of BDS in navigation apps is only the tip of the iceberg. The system has been widely used in many industrial and agricultural sectors, from port management and grain production to providing disaster relief.
An intelligent farm in Handan, North China’s Hebei Province, has installed BeiDou-supported positioning and navigation devices, automatic steering (自动驾驶) devices and remote-control devices on autonomous tractors to sow seeds and spray pesticides. BDS has seen fast development and use overseas too, with BeiDou products, technologies and services applied in more than 120 countries and regions.
26．According to the passage, what do we know about BDS
A．It is the biggest guidance service providers. B．It can prevent natural disasters.
C．It can keep data and information safe. D．It can sow seeds and spray pesticides.
27．Which word best describes Liu’s attitude to BDS
A．Approving. B．Indifferent. C．Pessimistic. D．Skeptical.
28．What do the underlined words “the tip of the iceberg” in Paragraph 4 mean
A．Something easy to disappear. B．A big and noticeable thing.
C．A small part of something. D．Something cold and dangerous.
29．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text
A．To compare GPS with BDS.
B．To applaud the success of BDS.
C．To introduce map apps in China.
D．To explain the functions of a guidance system.
（九）
（2023·四川成都·成都实外校考二模）In my opinion, my mother has the ability to do anything, especially chores such as ironing and cooking. However, teaching her how to use the Internet is as frustrating as untangling (解开) wires.
Once, my mother came to me to ask for help on how to find a recipe for all-beef Lasagna. I gave her very simple verbal instructions—go to the home page of a particular search engine and type in “recipe for all-beef Lasagna.” Fifteen minutes later, she came to me, telling me that she was unable to find the Internet icon. I went over to the computer and pointed out the icon to her.
Another fifteen minutes went by when I felt a tap on my shoulder. This time, my mother said that she was unable to search for the particular recipe. Gritting (咬) my teeth, I walked to her room again. I saw that she had typed “all beef La saga” instead. With frustrated strokes, I keyed in the correct spelling.
Yet another fifteen minutes went by again when my mother gingerly tapped my shoulder. I stormed next door without bothering to hide my frustration. The main page of the website had not shifted one bit. I then realized that she did not know how to scroll(滚动屏幕) down the page. What had initially seemed like an easy task was turning out to be an intense one.
To avoid being disturbed again, I decided to find the recipe for her. Without a word, I rapidly downloaded a few recipes, printed them out and passed them to my mother. However, seeing her embarrassment, I began to regret my impatience.
At that moment, memories flashed through my mind. When I was young, my mother endured my endless questions, enlightening me with much patience. Now that I am older, the roles slowly reverse. As my mother may increasingly need my help, shouldn’t I rethink how to respond to her needs
30．Why does the author gave her mother very simple instructions at first
A．Because she was an impatient person.
B．Because she didn’t want to be disturbed.
C．Because she wanted to make them easy to follow.
D．Because she thought it was an easy task to do.
31．How did the author’s mother feel when she got the recipes
A．Delighted. B．Embarrassed. C．Frustrated. D．Impatient.
32．Which of the following is probably the end of the story
A．The author becomes more willing to help her mother.
B．The author’s mother becomes more patient to her.
C．The author’s mother doesn’t turn to her for help any more.
D．The author learns more recipes with her mother.
33．What can be a suitable title for this text
A．It’s never too old to learn. B．Action speaks louder than words.
C．Patience is the mother of success. D．Understanding means standing in other’s shoes.
（十）
（2023·四川成都·校联考二模）When it comes to gifts of affection, flowers are a classic choice. But of all the flowers given on Valentine’s Day in America, none are as popular as the red rose. However, before you hit the nearest flower shop for a bunch of roses, find out how the tradition of giving roses for Valentine’s Day started.
The tradition of giving roses for Valentine’s Day has several origin stories, and like the history of Valentine’s Day, it’s rooted in Greek mythology. Some stories say that the first red rose was created when Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love and beauty, was scratched by a white rose’s thorn (刺), causing that rose to turn red, while others say that the first red rose grew on the ground where Aphrodite’s lover died and the goddess’s tears fell.
But according to Sara Cleto, a famous folklorist (民俗学家) in America, an important reason why giving roses for Valentine’s Day has persisted as a tradition is that roses are beautiful, fabulous-smelling flowers that happen to travel really well. “Flowers are usually shipped over long distances, and roses are both gorgeous and hardy, so that’s a huge part of why this practice has continued” says Cleto. And as for red roses, they are the best choice for Valentine’s Day just because the color is associated with passion and romantic love.
Recently, while COVID-19—related lockdown aroused a love of houseplants in Americans across the country, plants haven’t replaced roses as Valentine’s Day gifts. “Red roses are still the most popular stem on Valentine’s Day,” says Sandra Varley, who has more than a decade of experience of selling flowers. “The younger you are, the more likely you are to buy red roses. Mixed-stem bunches in hot pinks are becoming more popular. However, nothing quite says love like a red, red rose.”
Of course, Valentine’s Day roses aren’t strictly for expressing romantic love. If you want to go with something that signifies friendship, skip the red and go straight for yellow roses.
34．What can we learn about the origin of the tradition of giving roses for Valentine’s Day
A．It is related to a travelling story. B．It was created by American people.
C．It was started in honor of two lovers. D．There is no exact explanation about it.
35．Why does the practice of giving roses for Valentine’s Day last so long
A．They’re considered the most beautiful flowers in the world.
B．They’re gorgeous and able to stand long distance travel.
C．They look and smell better than any other flower.
D．They stand for passion and romantic love.
36．Why is the love of houseplants in Paragraph 4 mentioned
A．To illustrate the popularity of roses. B．To prove how deep people love plants.
C．To show the impacts of COVID-19 virus. D．To suggest replacing roses with other flowers.
37．What is the text mainly about
A．The tradition of giving roses on Valentine’s Day.
B．Popular legends about the origin of giving roses.
C．Some ways to celebrate Valentine’s Day.
D．Experts’ suggestions on choosing roses.
（十一）
（2023·四川成都·成都七中校考二模）The famous Spanish painter Pablo Picasso once said,“I always do what I can’t do so that I can learn how to do it.”It strikes a chord(引起共鸣)with me because that’s exactly what I’ve done these years.
One of my earliest memories of doing before learning is of baking scones(烤饼)when I was about 10 years old. I wanted to bake them to surprise my mother when she returned home.
Before that I’d observed how my mother baked them many times. As I started to try, I didn’t know I shouldn’t handle the dough(面团)with my hands too much once I’d added the baking powder(发酵粉).However，I knew exactly how to roll out the dough and use a cookie cutter to cut the scones, because my mom had already taught me.
By the time my mom arrived home,the smell of freshly baked scones welcomed her into the kitchen. They were baked to golden brown perfection—flat, as a result of over handling the dough, but they tasted OK. My mom sweetly praised me for my attempt, rather than scolding me for the state of the kitchen,which was like a tornado had just blown!
Have my attempts always been successful I wish! Some of my kitchen disasters were of such proportions that even the dogs wanted nothing to do with them. My gardening failures didn’t live to see another season.
But my habit of doing before learning is still helpful. Whatever computer program or application I have to learn,I do so by simply starting to use it. I do, learn, and improve. So if you ask me whether I regret that I tend to do first and learn later, I’d say I don’t, because what I have discovered from those is the wisdom to know when it’s OK to do and then learn, and when it’s probably better to learn and then do!
38．What can we learn about the author’s first experience of baking scones
A．She practiced hard before actually trying.
B．She turned to her mom when necessary.
C．She wanted to perform better than her mom.
D．She managed to do it despite a little imperfection.
39．How did Mom respond to the author’s attempt
A．She made improvements to the scones.
B．She expressed her appreciation for the job.
C．She shared her first experience of baking.
D．She was surprised by the mess in the kitchen.
40．What does the author think of her practices of“doing before learning”
A．They are just a barely usable method.
B．Most of them have ended up in failure.
C．They contribute a lot to her self-improvement.
D．They only apply to the learning of specific skills.
41．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A．To stress the importance of keeping learning.
B．To show the benefits of doing before learning.
C．To encourage people to do something they can’t do.
D．To call on readers to change their way of learning.
（十二）
（2023·四川成都·四川省成都市第八中学校校考二模）More than half a trillion dollars. That's the estimated value of all the stuff that U. S. shoppers bought last year only to return it—more than the economy of Israel or Austria. We tried new brands with unfamiliar sizes after seeing them on TikTok. We overbought for the holidays, and we shopped overly online, where returns are between two and five times more likely than that from stores.
Where does it all go Take the blanket I bought on holiday sale for example. I opened the package, only to discover it was just too small for my new sofa. So I returned it. Sorry, blanket! What will happen to it
“Your blanket is very likely to be in a landfill,” says Hitendra Chaturvedi, a supply chain management professor at Arizona State University. “That is what consumers don't realize—the life of a return is a very, very sad path.” Value is the big threshold (门槛): Is the product worth the cost of shipping back and paying someone to inspect, clean, repair or test Experts estimate that retailers (零售商) throw away about 25％ of their returns. Every year, U. S. returns create almost 6 billion pounds of landfill waste.
Many others get resold in discount and outlet stores. Some go to sellers on websites. Some get donated to charity or recycled. “These options have increased over the past decade, allowing more and more returns to find a new home”, says Marcus Shen, chief operating officer of B-Stock, a platform where retailers can resell their returns, often to smaller stores.
As companies compete on flexible return policies, technology is also slowly playing a part: helping shoppers buy the right-size sweater or picture a new blanket inside their room. Most importantly, She says, shoppers themselves are getting more and more comfortable with buying stuff that's not exactly brand-new.
“The idea of that is no longer scary for us, right ” he says. On his holiday-returns agenda is an electric, self-heating coffee mug that he has never opened, and he feels confident it will find a happy new buyer.
42．What is paragraph 1 mainly about
A．The challenge facing the American economy. B．The urgency to cut down on online shopping.
C．The returning problem caused by overbuying online. D．The cost of finding new homes for returned goods.
43．Why do some returns end up in landfills
A．It's required by the return policies. B．It saves retailers 6 billion pounds a year.
C．It's impossible to put returns to other uses. D．It's more economically efficient for retailers.
44．How does technology contribute to less returning
A．By helping shoppers make better decisions. B．By restoring the newness in returned goods.
C．By improving the return policy-making process. D．By drawing pictures of the goods for the shoppers.
45．Which of the following examples indicates a desirable end-result for returns
A．TikTok items. B．The coffee mug. C．The blanket. D．A right-size sweater.
（十三）
（2023·四川成都·四川省成都市第八中学校校考二模）A special place to stay can make a holiday — but also break the bank. We have picked new affordable places across Europe for ?150 a room a night or less.
Scourie Hotel
Doubles from ?129
Opened October 2015
This hotel has been adored by fishing fans for generations. When the Campbell family bought it six years ago, they updated it with gentle, stylish furnishings. There’s a string of spectacular beaches to discover, including the Scourie Bay with golden sand.
Ho36 Hotel
Doubles from ?109
Opened December 2017
This hotel offers the rarest of things — ski accommodation that is both affordable and stylish. Guests can ski or snowboard from the front door. There are two lively bars with live music and regular DJ nights, a restaurant serving hearty Alpine meals and film nights.
Conscious Hotel
Doubles from ?120
Opened April 2016
This fourth hotel by Dutch sustainable brand Conscious is the first powered entirely by wind. The restaurant is fully organic and the bedrooms are simple with contemporary elements. The hotel overlooks the Westerpark, one of Amsterdam’s biggest green spaces.
Dock Hotel
Doubles from ?150
Opened May 2014
This large hotel on the Baltic coast is made from shipping containers. The industrial theme continues inside,with concrete walls, exposed pipes, and more containers. The hotel is 12 minutes’ walk from the beach.
46．Which hotel best suits people who enjoy an active social life
A．Scourie Hotel.
B．Ho36 Hotel.
C．Conscious Hotel.
D．Dock Hotel.
47．What is special about Conscious Hotel
A．It is old-fashioned.
B．It has the longest history.
C．It is environment-friendly.
D．It offers the biggest green space.
48．What can the guests of Scourie Hotel and Dock Hotel do
A．Update the furniture.
B．Walk on the beach.
C．Appreciate architecture.
D．Visit industrial fairs.
（十四）
（2023·四川成都·石室中学校考二模）A competition making up Versailles literature was launched on Sina Weibo recently. So what is Versailles literature
Actually, the term has nothing to do with the French palace nor with literature. It came from The Rose of Versailles, a Japanese manga series about aristocratic（贵族化的）life at the palace of Versailles in France in the late 18th century, and was coined by a Chinese influencer earlier this year. Known as humblebragging, it is a big takl disguised as a complaint. “I have too many houses. How can I decide which one to decorate ” and “I thought I lost weight this morning. So disappointed when I realized it was because I took off the huge diamond ring my boyfriend gave me last night” are some examples of Versailles literature. The intention is to show off --- usually things of materialistic values, yet one ought to pretend that’s not the point.
As the 19th century English author Jane Austen famously wrote, “Nothing is more dishonest than the appearance of modesty.” The psychology behind humblebragging is to be recognized for one’s successes and be liked by others at the same time, according to scholars. In her article titled Why do people hate humblebragging published in Psychology Today, psychologist Dr. Susan Krauss Whitbourne at the University of Massachusetts Amherst noted that humblebragging is a “strategy in pursuit of respect” because it draws attention to one’s accomplishments in a circuitous way.
However, studies on social media users show that humblebragging as a self-promotion strategy does not work. In the essay Humblebragging: A distinct and ineffective self-presentation strategy, the University of North Carolina researcher Ovul Sezer and Harvard University scholars Francesca Gino and Michael Norton concluded from their research that humblebraggers are perceived more negatively than straight braggers due to the former’s insincerity. “The critical factor differentiating the two groups of people is sincerity. People don’t like braggers, but they at least see them as more sincere than humblebraggers,” said Francesca Gino.
So, how can we annoy humblebraggers back “Just pretend you don’t get whatever it is they try to show off,” a netizen advised. “And respond with genuine sympathy for their complaints.”
49．Which of the following statements is typical of “Versailles literature”
A．You know who my father is My father is Li Gang.
B．I’m fed up with living in the countryside with no shopping malls around.
C．It’s a headache how to make my son tidy up his room regularly.
D．Got five offers to date. I’m at a loss which to choose.
50．What is the psychology behind humblebragging
A．To earn others’ admiration. B．To win others’ sympathy.
C．To show his/her sincerity. D．To mask his/her complaint.
51．What does the underlined world “circuitous” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．indirect B．straightforward C．obvious. D．sharp.
52．What can’t be inferred from the passage
A．Braggers are relatively more sincere than humblebraggers.
B．Humblebragging is an artificial appearance of being humble.
C．If you want to be perceived positively, avoid using Versailles literature.
D．To respond with real sympathy will discourage humblebraggers.
（十五）
（2023·四川成都·四川省成都市第八中学校校考二模）Mandy and Joe have been married for five years and they both love travelling to new countries. But while this shared hobby brings them together, it is also a source of contention. “I do all the planning and book,” says Mandy. “Don’t get me wrong. I enjoy it, but if Joe paid a bit more attention, he wouldn’t have turned up for a flight to Grenada packed for a winter city break. ‘Jumpers and boots !’ I cried. ‘You’re supposed to have packed shorts and T-shirts—it’s 30℃ in the Caribbean!’ Then I realized he thought we were going to Granada, in Spain.”
How Joe and Mandy each approach their travel plans is just one example of the many ways in which men and women differ. Yet, is what goes on inside our minds and bodies really so different Furthermore, are we born that way
On this issue, scientists are divided. The majority of scientists believed that patterns of behaviour thought to be more male or female are learnt firstly from our parents, then from our peers(同龄人)and, ultimately, from the societies in which we live. As Simone de Beauvoir famously said, “One is not born, but rather becomes, a woman.”
On the other side of the fence sat those who believed that male and female brains are actually wired differently. In one study in which 34 monkeys were required to interact with different types of toys, the males showed a strong preference for toys with wheels rather than soft toys, whereas the females were noticeably drawn to soft toys. These preferences were clearly not the result of parental influence.
Whatever the truth behind the differences between men and women, we can safely conclude that although the social impact on how we think and behave is undeniable, there exists a biological contribution. The question that now needs answering is to what extent biology affects the choices we make and the way other people treat us.
53．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A．Disagreement. B．Satisfaction. C．Inspiration. D．Information.
54．What topic does the text focus on
A．Whether men and women are different. B．Why minds and bodies are so different.
C．What causes the sex difference. D．How different males and females are.
55．What does the study about monkeys prove
A．Monkeys have their own preferences. B．Parents indeed have strong impacts.
C．Men and women are born different. D．Females and males behave differently.
56．Which statement about sex differences docs the author probably agree with
A．Biology contributes to the difference. B．Biology mostly affects our choices.
C．Social influence can be ignored. D．Peers have more impact than parents.
（十六）
（2023·四川成都·四川省成都市第八中学校校考二模）Cigarettes aren’t just harmful when they’re being smoked. Even when cigarette ends go out and are cold, new research has found they continue to give off harmful chemicals in the air. In the first 24 hours alone, scientists say a used cigarette end will produce 14 percent of the nicotine (尼古丁) that an actively burning cigarette would produce.
While most of these chemicals are released within a day of being put out, an analysis for the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) found the level of nicotine fell by just 50% five days later.
“I was absolutely surprised,” since environmental engineer Dustin Poppendieck from the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). “The numbers are significant and could have important impacts when cigarette ends are dealt with indoors or in cars. While much attention has been paid to the health influence of first-hand, second-hand and now third-hand smoking, it is not the case when it comes to the actual cigarette end of the matter.”
To measure emissions (排放) from this forgotten thing, Poppendieck and his team placed 2,100 cigarettes that were recently put out inside a special room. Once the ends were sealed away, the team measured eight chemicals commonly produced by cigarettes, four of which the FDA have their eye on for being harmful or potentially so.
After setting the room’s temperature, the researchers tested how emissions changed under certain conditions. When the air temperature of the room was higher, for instance, they noticed the ends produced these chemicals at higher rates. This finding might discourage those who want to leave ashtrays (烟灰缸) out for days at a time, especially in the heat.
57．What do the researchers say about cigarette ends
A．They contain little nicotine.
B．They produce no nicotine five days later.
C．They give off nicotine for days.
D．They create as much nicotine as burning cigarettes.
58．What do Poppendieck’s words suggest
A．First-hand smoking does most harm.
B．The findings are within his expectation.
C．Cigarettes should be dealt with indoors.
D．Health influence of cigarette ends is ignored.
59．Which word best describes the author’s attitude to not cleaning ashtrays for days
A．Unclear. B．Disapproving. C．Unconcerned. D．Puzzled.
60．What can be the best title for the text
A．Used Cigarette Ends Release Harmful Chemicals
B．Cigarettes Are More Harmful While Being Smoked
C．Research Found Reasons For Cigarette Ends’ Harm
D．Cigarette Ends Produce More Chemicals in the Heat
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