上海市虹口区三年（2020-2022）高考英语模拟试题分题型分层-写作（含解析）

上海市虹口区三年（2020-2022）高考英语模拟试题分题型分层-写作
一、建议信
1．（2022·上海虹口·统考一模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
明启中学拟举办一次摄影展。现就布展方式（校图书馆或校园网站）征集学生意见。假设你是王磊，请给学生会写一封邮件表达你的想法。你的邮件必须满足以下要求：
1. 简述你写邮件的目的及你对布展方式的选择；
2. 说明你的理由（从体验感、互动性或影响力等方面对这两种布展方式进行对比）。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2．（2021·上海·统考三模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假定你是明启中学的高中学生李华。某电视台线上学习节目打算增设两个栏目。初步拟定从“Reading for Fun”、“Textbook Learning”、“Homework Guidance”、“Online Listening”以及“Questions and Answers”五个栏目中选取两个，特此向所有在线学习者征求意见。请你给电视台写封邮件，推荐两个栏目。邮件内容须包括:
1) 你推荐的两个栏目；
2) 你推荐这两个栏目的理由。
注意：作文中不得出现你本人的姓名、班级及学校等真实信息。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3．（2021·上海虹口·统考二模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
腾讯公司（Tencent Company）就微信用户的阅读偏好做了一项调查，调查结果如下图。请你仔细观察这张图片，然后谈谈这张图片反映出的现象或问题，并向微信用户提出你的建议。
注意：作文中不得出现你自己的真实姓名、班级及学校。
提示：WeChat: 微信；Moments: 朋友圈；respondents: 受访者；Text: 微信朋友圈文章；Articles: 微信公众号文章
4．（2020·上海虹口·统考二模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120 - 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假如你是明启中学的学生李华。为了推动校园文化建设，展现当代学生风采，校学生会正策划学生“校园之星”评选活动。学生会初步拟定了“学习之星”，“才艺之星”和“运动之星”三个评选项目。请你给学生会写一封电子邮件，要求增加一个评选项目，并就这个评选项目谈谈你的看法。你的邮件必须包含以下内容：
1. 你要求增加的评选项目；
2. 你的理由；
3. 你对此项目评选的具体实施建议。
注意：作文中不得出现你本人的姓名、班级及学校等真实信息。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
二、推荐信
5．（2021·上海虹口·统考一模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假定你是明启中学的学生李华，你校交换生 Allen 打算在圣诞节为他的父母各送一件具有典型中国文化特色的礼物。他初步选出了四件礼物：旗袍(cheongsam)、紫砂茶具(purple clay tea set)、丝绸围巾(silk scarf)、书画折扇(calligraphy and painting folding fan)，现在发邮件向你咨询。请你给他写封邮件，谈谈你的意见。内容包括：
1. 为他父母分别推荐的一件礼物；
2. 推荐这两件礼物的理由；
3. 对 Allen 父母的问候。
注意：作文中不得出现你本人的姓名、班级和学校等真实信息。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6．（2020·上海虹口·统考一模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
手机给现代人的生活带来了很多便利，甚至改变了人们的日常生活方式。人们常常会在手机上下载一些常用的应用程序(app)。你平时使用较多的是哪一类应用程序呢？请你向同学们推荐一款应用程序，并阐述理由。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
三、开放性作文
7．（2022·上海虹口·统考二模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120 -150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学高三学生李华。某英语杂志最近发起了一个高中生英语征文活动，其主题与内容见下表。要求参加征文活动者除了写出规定的内容外，还须补充至少两点内容，并进行进一步的阐述。请按要求写一篇作文，参加这个征文活动。
英语征文活动
主题 the power of a smile
内容 微笑有助于缓解压力，提高学习效率；微笑是有感染力的（contagious），可以影响身边的人。
你补充的内容 1. ……； 2. ……; (3. ……)
注意：作文中不得出现你本人的姓名、班级及学校等真实信息。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
8．（2021·上海虹口·统考一模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假定你是明启中学的学生李华。学校将举行一次演讲比赛，主题为我心目中的英雄。“灿烂星空，谁是真的英雄？”做出惊天动地之举的人是英雄，为追求真理献出生命的人是英雄，在平凡岗位上默默奉献的人是英雄……请你结合具体事例写一份演讲稿，阐述你心目中真正的英雄。
注意：作文中不得出现你本人的姓名、班级及学校等真实信息。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
四、概要写作
9．（2022·上海虹口·统考一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Are Oceans Silent
Most sea creatures, from whales and dolphins to fish, sharks and shrimps, respond to sound, and many can produce it. They use it to hunt and to hide, find mates and food, send messages and give warnings, establish territories, warn off competitors, confuse their targets, deceive enemies, and sense changes in water and conditions. Marine animals click bones, grind teeth and belch gases (磨牙打嗝); use special organs to make various noises. Far from the ‘silent deep’, the oceans are so noisy.
Into this age-long confused noise, in the blink of an evolutionary eye, has entered a new thunder: the trembling sound of mighty engines as 46,220 large ships passed the world’s shipping courses. Scientists say that background noise in the ocean has increased roughly by 15 decibels (分贝) in the past 50 years. It may not sound like much in overall terms, but it is enough, according to many marine biologists, to mask the normal sounds of ocean life going about its business. At its most intense, some even say noise causes whales to become disoriented, dolphins to suffer from ‘the bends’, fish to go deaf, leave their breeding grounds or fail to form groups—enough to disorganize the basic biology of two thirds of the planet.
“Undersea noise pollution is like the death of a thousand cuts”, says Sylvia Earie, chief scientist of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. “Each sound in itself may not be a matter of critical concern, but taken all together, the noise from shipping, earthquake-related surveys, and military activity is creating a totally different environment than existed even 50 years ago. That high level of noise is bound to have a hard, sweeping impact on life in the sea.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
10．（2022·上海虹口·统考二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Why Is Littering a Surprisingly Big Issue
Compared with the blindingly obvious environmental issues we hear about every day, littering often takes a backseat -- but it’s more pressing than we may think.
If you were to throw, say, a banana peel (香蕉皮) out of your car while driving along the motorway, that would be a completely harmless action, due to the fact that it’s part of a fruit -- right Actually, no. A banana peel can take up to two years to decompose (分解), and with a third of motorists admitting to littering while driving, that’s a whole lot of abandoned banana peels, or much worse. An orange peel and a cigarette butt has a similar biodegrading (生物降解) term to that of a banana, but tin and aluminium cans last up to 100 years, and plastic bottles last forever, as do glass bottles, Styrofoam cups and plastic bags.
Despite the fact that longer-lasting materials will serve to damage the environment and its animals for longer, we can’t only measure the severity of a certain type of rubbish by its lifetime. For example, despite having a fairly short biodegrading period, more than 120 tons of cigarette-related litter is abandoned in the UK every day. Similarly, our regular littering here and there has caused the UK’s rat population to increase by 60 million. This suddenly isn’t so mysterious when you consider that since the 1960s our annual littering has increased by an astonishing 500 per cent.
It’s not a cheap habit either: UK taxpayers shelve out 500 million in order to keep our streets clean, and when you include our green spaces, that goes up to 1 billion. So, it’s not surprising that if caught fly-tipping you could face a 20,000 fine or even jail time and, if you littered something dangerous, the court could give you five years to serve.
To take back our beautiful countryside and cities we need to do more than simply not leaving rubbish where it ought not to be. We need a pride makeover, and we need to truly care more about the world around us.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
11．（2021·上海虹口·统考一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Is Student-loan Forgiveness Unforgivable
Roughly 45 million Americans currently hold $1.6 trillion in student debt, with the average student-loan receiver owing between $20,000 and $25,000, according to the Federal Reserve. Among those actively making payments on their debt, the average monthly installment is between $200 and $300. And with 5.3 million more people unemployed than in February, right before the U.S. fell into the economic depression caused by pandemic (流行病), some people say that student-debt forgiveness could be beneficial to the economy.
“Student-debt cancellation feels like one of the most accessible executive actions to stimulate the economy at the moment,” says Suzanne Kahn, director of the Education. Kahn says the move would also help close the wealth gap between white Americans and people of color. Some 90% of Black students and 72% of Latino students take out loans for college versus just 66% of white students, according to an analysis from the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.
But others argue that sweeping student-loan forgiveness doesn’t help the people who need aid most. Americans with college degrees, as a whole, have been less influenced by the economic effects of COVID-19 than their non-college-educated counterparts. Besides, they raise concerns that if the government wipes out current student loans, future college students may have a motivator to take on debts, hoping they will also be forgiven. Colleges may in turn tend to raise their prices further.
What’s clear, according to the both sides of the aisle (过道), is that economic crises worsen the problem of student debt. The last time the U.S. dipped into a recession, state governments cut their investments in colleges and universities—which, in turn, raised their tuition prices and forced students to take on ever larger loans.
In recent weeks, the government has walked a fine line on the issue, offering support for a bill calling for $10,000 worth of student-loan forgiveness but turning down anything close to a plan to issue $50,000 per borrower through executive action.
That’s not sustainable in the long run. It remains to be seen if the government can arrive at a political solution that is.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
12．（2021·上海·统考三模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
New Testing Method in Era of Online Learning
In research published today in Science of Learning, engineers from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute demonstrate how a testing strategy they call “distanced online testing” can effectively reduce students’ ability to receive help from one another in order to score higher on a test taken at individual homes during social distancing.
“Often in remote online exams, students can talk over the phone or internet to discuss answers,” said Ge Wang, a chair professor of biomedical engineering at Rensselaer and the corresponding author on this paper. “The key idea of our method is to minimize this chance via discrete optimization(离散优化)aided by knowledge of a student’s competencies.”
When a distanced online test is performed, students receive the same questions, but at varying times depending on their skill level. For instance, students of highest mastery levels receive each question after other groups of students have already answered those questions. This approach, Wang said, reduces the motivator for students to receive help from those who have more mastery of the material. In order to determine the order of each student’s questions, their competence levels are estimated using their grade point averages, SAT scores, or midterm scores, depending on what is available at a specific point in the semester.
According to statistical tests and post-exam surveys, this method reduced the points gained through cheating by orders of magnitude (数量级) when compared to conventional exam methods. As an added benefit, Wang said, when students knew collusion would not be possible, they were more motivated to study class material. Wang and his colleagues hope to share this innovation of teaching methods and theory beyond the Rensselaer campus.
“We plan to develop a good platform so that others can easily use this method,” said Wang, a member of the Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies at Rensselaer.
13．（2021·上海虹口·统考二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
How Safe Is Your Bed
Do you consider your bed a safe place of rest and calm Do you sink into a mattress after a hard day’s work and feel tension and stress drain away as you rest your weary head on a soft pillow Well, you might not feel so relaxed if you knew that tiny pests were hiding there! It seems that beds may not be such a good place for our health and happiness — they could actually be making us ill!
Recent studies have shown that bacteria, fungi and dust mites, some smaller than the diameter of a hair, live in our bedding. When we move around in our sleep, we disturb them and they are bounced up into the air — which we then breathe in as we sleep. According to the American Lung Association, four out of five households in the United States now have high levels of dust mites, although it’s not the mites themselves that cause the problems, but their droppings. These are “highly allergenic” according to Dr William Berger, a fellow with the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. “Even if you aren’t allergic… they can still irritate you, the way pepper would if it blew into your nose and eyes.”
Brendan Boor, Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering, who carries out bed research, also found that bed dust in the air leads to allergies —causing watery eyes, sneezing, coughs and asthma. He has recommended ways to limit our exposure to these boring allergens:
Firstly, he suggests vacuuming your mattress regularly – weekly, or even daily. He also recommends doing away with carpets and washing floors. Using allergen-proof bed covers, he says, can reduce the risk of getting allergies. In addition, washing bedding and pillows frequently can help, as can a portable air cleaner placed near the bed.
If you do as Brendan Boor suggests, you will breathe in cleaner air as you sleep … or will you Is it really safe for you to go back in your bed
14．（2021·上海虹口·统考一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Want to be a Smart Gift Giver
During all kinds of holidays, millions of people will buy gifts for loved ones, which is great except that tons of those people will make the same glaring mistake, and buy the wrong gifts. What’s going on
Gift buying has become a deceivingly selfish pursuit. We don’t actually look for things people want to receive. Instead, we tend to look for things that we want to give. It’s a subtle, but pretty significant problem.
Research has shown that givers tend to value the gifts they buy considerably more than receivers. Gifts are valued roughly 10 to 33 percent less by receivers than what givers paid for them. Joel Waldfogel noted this in Scroogenomics: Why You Shouldn’t Buy Presents for the Holidays, his 2009 book on gift-giving.
The difference seems to come from a simple misplaced belief that thoughtful presents are the best presents. They are not. In fact, they might just be the worst presents. The more thought you put into a present, the more likely you are to stray from buying what the person you are buying the presents for actually wants.
In other words, people let their gift-giving egos (自我) get in the way of great presents, especially when the receiver is someone they want to show they know really well. Fortunately, the answer to our collective insistence on guessing what people want is simple: stop it.
If that’s too impersonal, there’s another helpful rule of thumb (经验之谈). Instead of buying restrictive gifts, like gift cards for specific stores, buy gifts that allow for flexibility, like gift cards that can be used more broadly (or, better yet, cash). People tend to prefer gift cards to actual gifts, and cash to both, Steffel explained. Steffel’s latest research, which focuses on gift card giving, points to exactly this point -- that versatility (用途广泛) is the key to better gift giving.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
15．（2020·上海虹口·统考二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Coco-Cola’s Innovative Solution to Plastic Pollution
Plastic pollution has become one of the most pressing problem of the 21st Century with plastic waste almost everywhere. It is estimated that just in 2016, the world produced over 320 million tons of plastic, and this number is set to double by 2034.
Plastic waste even makes its way into our oceans with 8 million pieces of plastic pollution per day polluting our waters and destroying the habitat for hundreds of species. It is now believed that there may be around 5.25 trillion pieces of plastic in the ocean weighing in total up to 269,000 tons. It’s been crystal clear for a long time that the situation is horrible and something needs to be done, and fast. Luckily, Coca-Cola stepped up to the challenge and came up with one innovative and rather effective solution. The firm is replacing its plastic wrapping in Europe with a new paper board technology.
This new tech is called the KeelClip and it is a first for the non-alcohol ready-to-drink (NARTD) industry. Using KeelClips, Coca-Cola aims to remove all plastic wrap from its can multipacks in all European Union markets by the end of 2021. The firm is optimistic that the move will save 2,000 tons of plastic and 3,000 tons of CO2 annually.
“Innovation is a key principle of our sustainable packaging work and the application of this fully recyclable paperboard KeelClipTM, which is composed of a top board that the cans clip into and central cardboard ‘keel’ — similar to a ship’s keel — that stabilizes the pack, is another example of how we are delivering on our commitment to remove all unnecessary and hard to recycle single- use plastic from our products. We hope this eco-friendly initative is a conscious approach to dealing with plastic pollution,” said Joe Franses, Vice President, Sustainability at Coca-Cola European Partners.
16．（2020·上海虹口·统考一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
The Zeigarnik Effect
Have you ever found yourself thinking about a partially finished project for school or work when you were trying to focus on other things Or perhaps you wondered what would happen next in your favorite TV show or film series. If you have, you’ve experienced the Zeigarnik effect. You tend to remember unfinished tasks better than finished tasks. Knowledge of the Zeigarnik effect can be put into use in everyday life.
The effect is especially well suited for helping overcome procrastination or delaying an action to a later time. We often put off big tasks that seem overwhelming. However, the Zeigarnik effect suggests that the key to overcoming procrastination is to just get started. The first step could be something small and seemingly insignificant. In fact, it’s probably best if it’s something fairly easy.
The Zeigarnik effect can be useful for students who are studying for an exam. The effect tells us that breaking up study periods can actually improve recall. So instead of cramming for an exam all in one sitting, breaks should be scheduled in which the student focuses on something else. This will cause intrusive（侵入的）thoughts, enabling students to rehearse and consolidate the information that must be remembered, leading to better recall when they take the exam.
The Zeigarnik effect also points to reasons why people may experience mental health problems. If an individual leaves important tasks incomplete, the intrusive thoughts that result can lead to stress, anxiety, difficulty sleeping, and emotional distress. Conversely, completing a task can give an individual a sense of accomplishment and lead to a feeling of closure that can improve psychological well - being.
The Zeigarnik effect can actually be used to positively impact your work productivity.
试卷第2页，共3页
试卷第1页，共3页
参考答案：
1．To whom it may concern:
I’ve learned that a photography exhibition is to be held and that you’re collecting advice on the way of arrangement. I’m writing this letter to share my opinions with you. In my opinion, it is more advisable to hold the photography exhibition in school library than on campus website. My reasons are as follows.
At first, the library of our school is spacious, which provides visitors with a comfortable environment for appreciating the exhibition, so they will have a nice experience. Besides, watching the exhibition at school library is more convenient for visitors to interact with others. Last but not least, a photography exhibition held on campus website has far less impact than that held in school library, because people may assume that holding a photography exhibition on website is just like a virtual activity. Therefore, I suggest the exhibition be held in school library.
Yours,
Wang Lei
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。明启中学拟举办一次摄影展，现就布展方式征集学生意见，要求考生给学生会写一封邮件表达自己的想法，内容要点包括：1. 简述你写邮件的目的及你对布展方式的选择；2. 说明你的理由（从体验感、互动性或影响力等方面对这两种布展方式进行对比）。
【详解】1.词汇积累：
建议：advice → suggestions
在我看来：In my opinion → As far as I am concerned
宽敞的：spacious → capacious
此外：Besides → What’s more
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：In my opinion, it is more advisable to hold the photography exhibition in school library than on campus website.
拓展句：I hold the belief that it is more advisable to hold the photography exhibition in school library than on campus website.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I’ve learned that a photography exhibition is to be held and that you’re collecting advice on the way of arrangement. (运用了that 引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】At first, the library of our school is spacious, which provides visitors with a comfortable environment for appreciating the exhibition, so they will have a nice experience. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
2．Dear editors,
I know you’re going to set up new programs on line. So I’m writing to suggest two programs---“Reading for Fun” and “Homework Guidance” as an online learner.
First of all, I think reading is of great significance to the whole life of people. “Reading for Fun” can create a good language environment for online learners, broaden their horizons, and encourage them to absorb rich language, in order that learners can better use the language.
Secondly, homework allows us to master what we have learned, which can deepen understanding and memory. However, many of our students’ parents are usually busy and have no time to guide their homework. And students do homework at home, where there no teachers. “Homework Guidance” not only can help complete homework, but also can improve the enthusiasm of students. Besides, under the guidance of the program, students can develop good study habits and not worry about their homework any more.
That's why I recommend the two programs. I am sure they will be well-received by the online learners. I hope you can take my suggestion into consideration.
Sincerely yours,
Li Hua
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给电视台写封邮件，推荐两个栏目，并写出推荐这两个栏目的理由。
【详解】词汇积累
建议：suggest→ propose→ advise
鼓励：encourage→ urge
有益的：helpful→ significant→ be of great significance
培养：develop→ bring up
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：However, many of our students’ parents are usually busy and have no time to guide their homework.
拓展句：However, many of our students’ parents are usually busy, who have no time to guide their homework.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Secondly, homework allows us to master what we have learned, which can deepen understanding and memory. (运用了what引导的宾语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] That's why I recommend the two programs. (运用了why引导的表语从句)
3．In recent years, many people like to use micro letter, and we usually call it “WeChat”. We can share our messages and photos in the WeChat Moments.To a lot of people, WeChat is a place which is a mix of love and hate. It is considered to be a mini society.You can find lots of interesting and surprising things and know more about your friends'life there. How the users use the Wechat？Which do you like best？We have made a survey. According to the picture, most of the respondents like to see the pictures and read the Text on the WeChat. 45% of the respondents like watching and making the Short videos. Only 22% of the respondents read the Articles.WeChat Moments is beneficial to our life.We can share the good activities or products on the“Moments”.
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生对腾讯公司（Tencent Company）的微信用户的阅读偏好的一项调查写一篇短文。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时，少量现在完成时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
谈谈这张图片反映出的现象或问题，
向微信用户提出你的建议。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
In recent years（近年来）; share our messages and photos（分享我们的消息和图片）; a mini society（小型社会）; know about（了解）; make a survey（做调查）; according to（根据）; be beneficial to（对…有益）
第三步：连词成句
1. In recent years, many people like to use micro letter, and we usually call it “WeChat”.
2. We can share our messages and photos in the WeChat Moments.
3. To a lot of people, WeChat is a place which is a mix of love and hate.
4. It is considered to be a mini society.
5. You can find lots of interesting and surprising things and know more about your friends’ life there.
6. According to the picture, most of the respondents like to see the pictures and read the Text on the WeChat.
7. WeChat Moments is beneficial to our life.
8. We can share the good activities or products on the “Moments”.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）（供参考）
1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last
2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including,
3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that…
4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，
【点睛】[高分句型1] To a lot of people, WeChat is a place which is a mix of love and hate.
（关系代词which引导的定语从句）
[高分句型2]
You can find lots of interesting and surprising things and know more about your friends’ life there.
（and连接的并列句）
4．Student Union leaders,
I was very excited to learn that the student union was planning a student “campus star” competition. The student union has preliminarily drawn up three selection items: “learning star”, “talent star” and “sports star”. But I think we should add a “writing star”. At present, influenced by computers, many students pay less attention to handwriting. Homework altered graffiti, examination paper is not tidy, writing to be improved. I think the specific suggestions of this project are as follows: 1. Ask students to present at least two assignments; 2. Each person copies a Chinese article and an English written expression. Beautiful writing will give people a pleasant feeling. I hope that after this activity let students have a new understanding of writing.
Student Li Hua
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封电子邮件。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本篇为一封电子邮件：假如你是明启中学的学生李华。为了推动校园文化建设，展现当代学生风采，校学生会正策划学生“校园之星”评选活动。学生会初步拟定了“学习之星”，“才艺之星”和“运动之星”三个评选项目。请你给学生会写一封电子邮件，要求增加一个评选项目，并就这个评选项目谈谈你的看法。你的邮件必须包含以下内容：1. 你要求增加的评选项目；2. 你的理由；3. 你对此项目评选的具体实施建议。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：preliminarily drawn up three selection items(初步拟定三个评选项目)；At present(目前)；as follows(如下所示)等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。文中使用高级句子。I was very excited to learn that the student union was planning a student “campus star” competition.句中that引导宾语从句；influenced by computers, many students pay less attention to handwriting.过去分词作原因状语；Ask students to present at least two assignments祈使句用在句中。
5．Dear Allen,
Glad to receive your letter, in which you asked me about the four gifts with typical Chinese cultural characteristics, including cheongsam, purple clay tea set, silk scarf and calligraphy and painting folding fan. I am writing to recommend a gift for your parents.
For your mother, I recommend the cheongsam. The cheongsam is a female dress with distinctive Chinese features and enjoys a growing popularity in the international world. The beauty of the cheongsam is that, made of different materials and to varying lengths, it can be worn either on casual or formal occasions. In either case, it creates an impression of simple and quiet charm, elegance and neatness. No wonder it is so much liked by women not only of China but those of foreign countries as well. So I think your mother will like it.
For your father, I recommend the calligraphy and painting folding fan. Several thousand years ago, the ancient Chinese invented the fan. People use it to bring cool wind in the summer. Moreover, because the fan also looks like a circle, so it also represents happiness and reunion. Usually, there are Chinese calligraphy and painting on the fan, which represent Chinese culture. I think it is suitable for your father.
Best regards to your parents.
Yours,
Li Hua
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给交换生Allen写封信，为他父母分别推荐的一件礼物，说明推荐这两件礼物的理由，表达对Allen 父母的问候。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
高兴的：glad→delighted
独特的：distinctive→unique
不同的：disparate→different
另外：moreover→besides
2. 句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：For your father, I recommend the calligraphy and painting folding fan. Several thousand years ago, the ancient Chinese invented the fan.
拓展句：For your father, I recommend the calligraphy and painting folding fan, which was invented by the ancient Chinese several thousand years ago.
【点睛】[高分句型1]Glad to receive your letter, in which you asked me about the four gifts with typical Chinese cultural characteristics, including cheongsam, purple clay tea set, silk scarf and calligraphy and painting folding fan. （运用了“介词+which ”引导的非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]The beauty of the cheongsam is that, made of different materials and to varying lengths, it can be worn either on casual or formal occasions. （运用了that引导的表语从句）
6．As we all know, mobile phones have brought a lot of convenience to modern people's life, even changed people's daily lifestyle. People often download some common apps on mobile phones, such as some extremely game and small video apps.
But I think, apps should not be used merely for the sake of entertainment, for our students, they should be a kind of learning tool, As for me, I regularly use an app called sinology hall, where I can not only enjoy the appreciation of classic poetry, but also learn a lot from ancient sages’ moving deeds. I think it is an app which not only broadens my horizons, but also cultivates my patriotism.
In view of the reasons above, I strongly recommend this app to all of you.
【分析】本篇书面表达是提纲类作文，要求推荐一款应用程序。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本文要求推荐一款应用程序：手机给现代人的生活带来了很多便利，甚至改变了人们的日常生活方式。人们常常会在手机上下载一些常用的应用程序(app)。你平时使用较多的是哪一类应用程序呢？请你向同学们推荐一款应用程序，并阐述理由，时态应为一般现在时。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如； entertainment（娱乐），convenience（便利）， classic poetry（古诗词），appreciation（鉴赏）， sinology（国学），recommend (推荐)，download（下载）及patriotism（家国情怀）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持卷面的整洁美观。
【点睛】范文语言地道，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级词汇和句式，高级词汇有for the sake of（为了），learn from（从……身上学习），broaden one’s horizons (开阔视野)，as for（至于）以及recommend sth to sb（向某人推荐某物），而且还使用了非限定性定语从句“As we all know, mobile phones have brought a lot of convenience to modern people's life, even changed people's daily lifestyle.”及“As for me, I regularly use an app called sinology hall, where I can not only enjoy the appreciation of classic poetry, but also learn a lot from ancient sages’ moving deeds.”，定语从句“I think it is an app which not only broadens my horizons, but also cultivates my patriotism.”，宾语从句“But I think, apps should not be used merely for the sake of entertainment, for our students, they should be a kind of learning tool,”，全文没有语法错误，上下句转换自然流畅。
7．The power of smile
Smile is important in our life. Smile can help relieve your stress, making you relaxed and stress-free. When I was in senior three, I often felt great pressure. Then my teacher recommended that I should face everything in life with a smile. I learned to smile to everything, good or bad, and then I felt a sense of relief as I freed myself from the stress that comes from study. Smile is contagious. A smiling face will always be greeted with smiling faces. Smile has a magic power, bringing happiness to people around you. When you smile, you appear kind and attractive. Smile will bring you good luck. People always say the one who likes smiling will never lack luck. Smile can help us succeed. Nobody will refuse to cooperate with someone with a smiling face. Nobody is unwilling to help you when you smile to everyone. Therefore, success will always be accompanied by a smiling face.
【分析】这是一篇开放作文。要求考生根据表格中提示的内容给某英语杂志写一篇题目为“The power of smile”的征文。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建议：recommend→suggest
好运：good luck→good fortune
合作：cooperate with→join hands with
拒绝：refuse→reject
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句： Smile can help relieve your stress, making you relaxed and stress-free.
拓展句： Smile can help relieve your stress, which makes you relaxed and stress-free.
【点睛】【高分句型1】People always say the one who likes smiling will never lack luck. （运用了who引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】 Nobody is unwilling to help you when you smile to everyone. （运用了双重否定表示肯定和when引导的时间状语从句。）
8． Some people think that a hero must be a person who has made outstanding contributions to the country or the world. Some people may regard the one who saved many lives as a superhero. In my heart, a hero must be an everyman who is helpful and brave in daily life. My father is such a person, who is always ready to help. My father is not only warmhearted but also very brave.
Last summer, our family was on vacation at the beach. My father was watching my brother and me playing in the water when a woman alerted him that two children in the deeper water appeared to be in danger. Hearing this, he immediately swam to the struggling kids. After doing his best to rescue the two kids successfully, my father got tired and exhausted. He told the reporter, “I took action out of instinct, and I was just doing what any dad would do.” My father set a good example for us, and his spirit will always inspire us to move on.
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一篇演讲稿，结合具体事例阐述心目中真正的英雄。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般过去时和一般现在时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
学校将举行一次演讲比赛，主题为我心目中的英雄。“灿烂星空，谁是真的英雄？”做出惊天动地之举的人是英雄，为追求真理献出生命的人是英雄，在平凡岗位上默默奉献的人是英雄……请你结合具体事例写一份演讲稿，阐述你心目中真正的英雄。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
make outstanding contributions to; regard…as; helpful; be ready to; warmhearted; on vacation; be in danger; immediately; rescue; successfully; out of instinct; set a good example for
第三步：连词成句
1. Some people think that a hero must be a person who has made outstanding contributions to the country or the world.
2. Some people may regard the one who saved many lives as a superhero.
3. In my heart, a hero must be an everyman who is helpful and brave in daily life.
4. My father is such a person, who is always ready to help.
5. My father is not only warmhearted but also very brave.
6. Last summer, our family was on vacation at the beach.
7. My father was watching my brother and me playing in the water when a woman alerted him that two children in the deeper water appeared to be in danger.
8. Hearing this, he immediately swam to the struggling kids.
9. After doing his best to rescue the two kids successfully, my father got tired and exhausted.
10. He told the reporter, “I took action out of instinct, and I was just doing what any dad would do.”
11. My father set a good example for us, and his spirit will always inspire us to move on.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表并列补充关系：not only…but also…
2.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus（供参考）
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【点睛】[高分句型1] Some people think that a hero must be a person who has made outstanding contributions to the country or the world. (运用了 that引导宾语从句和who引导定语从句)
[高分句型2] Hearing this, he immediately swam to the struggling kids. (运用了现在分词作状语)
9．Oceans are never silent as marine creatures mostly produce various sounds to go about their businesses. Now oceans are getting even noisier as humans do more activities there. The resulting noise is loud enough to change the environment and exercise a disturbing impact on marine life.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了海洋里不平静的原因是生物会发出各种声音去进行它们自己的事情，随着人类在海洋中的活动越来越多，海洋也变得越来越嘈杂，由此产生的噪音污染对生物产生了不良的影响。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Marine animals can produce various noises, making the ocean noisy.
②There are various noises made by human behaviors.
③Undersea noise pollution cause a disturbing impact on marine life.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
The oceans are so noisy that they are far from the ‘silent deep’.
Most sea creatures, from whales and dolphins to fish, sharks and shrimps, not only respond to sound, but also can produce it.
That high level of noise is bound to have a hard, sweeping influence on marine animals.
【点睛】[高分句型1]：Scientists say that background noise in the ocean has increased roughly by 15 decibels (分贝) in the past 50 years.运用了一个复杂的主从复合句作为事实佐证了第二段的论点。其中that引导的宾语从句表达高级。
[高分句型2]：Marine animals click bones, grind teeth and belch gases (磨牙打嗝); use special organs to make various noises. 运用了并列的动词短语是对第一段的论点进行的举例说明。其中并列短语和不定式做目的状语的运用表达高级。
10．Though often overlooked, littering is actually an urgent environmental problem. The first thing is that litter like plastic bottles may take years to decompose and plastic bottles last forever, thus causing a destructive effect on the environment. Even rubbish with a shorter biodegrading term can bring about serious problems like rat issues. Furthermore, it is surprisingly costly to clear up litter thrown on the street.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕为什么乱扔垃圾是一个大问题展开说明，主要列举了乱扔垃圾造成的危害，并呼吁大家不要乱扔垃圾。乱扔垃圾不仅影响环境美观，而且垃圾降解也会花费几年，甚至永远。除此之外，乱扔垃圾还会引发例如老鼠数量增加、耗费资金清理垃圾等其他严重问题。因此，大家应该爱护身边的环境，从不乱扔垃圾做起，努力营造美丽的乡村和城市环境。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Littering often takes a backseat -- but it’s more pressing than we may think
②An orange peel and a cigarette butt has a similar biodegrading (生物降解) term to that of a
banana, but tin and aluminium cans last up to 100 years, and plastic bottles last forever, as do glass bottles, Styrofoam cups and plastic bags.
③For example, despite having a fairly short biodegrading period, more than 120 tons of cigarette-
related litter is abandoned in the UK every day. Similarly, our regular littering here and there has caused the UK’s rat population to increase by 60 million.
④It’s not a cheap habit either: UK taxpayers shelve out 500 million in order to keep our streets clean and when you include our green spaces, that goes up to 1 billion.
2.缜密构思将第1个要点进行改写，第2、3两个要点进行重组，将第4个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Though often overlooked, littering is actually an urgent environmental problem.
The first thing is that litter like plastic bottles may take years to decompose and plastic bottles last forever, thus causing a destructive effect on the environment.
Even rubbish with a shorter biodegrading term can bring about serious problems like rat issues.
Furthermore, it is surprisingly costly to clear up litter thrown on the street.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Though often overlooked, littering is actually an urgent environmental problem.运用了一个主从复合句改写了第一段的内容。其中though引导让步状语从句。
[高分句型2]：The first thing is that litter like plastic bottles may take years to decompose and plastic bottles last forever, thus causing a destructive effect on the environment. 用that引导的表语从句对第二段进行了概括，现在分词causing引出结果状语，表达非常高级。
[高分句型3]：It is surprisingly costly to clear up litter thrown on the street. 用it作形式主语，不定式to clear up litter作为真正主语、thrown过去分词作后置定语的用法比较高级。
11．One possible version:
With the problem of student loan worsened by pandemic-induced recession, people hold diverse attitudes towards student-debt forgiveness. Some argue it serves to stimulate economy and bridge the wealth gap while others maintain it can’t help those most in need and show the concern about setting the precedent. Despite the efforts made by the government, a sustainable solution hasn’t been reached.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍由于大流行引发的经济衰退，学生贷款问题恶化，人们对学生债务减免持有不同的态度。一些人认为它有助于刺激经济和缩小贫富差距，而另一些人认为它不能帮助那些最需要帮助的人，并显示出对开创先例的担忧。尽管政府做出了努力，一个可持续的解决方案还没有达成。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Is Student-loan Forgiveness Unforgivable
②Student-debt cancellation feels like one of the most accessible executive actions to stimulate the economy at the moment.
③But others argue that sweeping student-loan forgiveness doesn’t help the people who need aid most.
④What’s clear, according to the both sides of the aisle (过道), is that economic crises worsen the problem of student debt.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行归纳，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
When the problem of student loan is worsened by pandemic-induced recession, people hold diverse attitudes towards student-debt forgiveness.
Some firmly hold the belief that it serves to stimulate economy and bridge the wealth gap while others think that it can’t help those most in need and show the concern about setting the precedent.
In spite of the efforts made by the government, a sustainable solution hasn’t been reached.
【点睛】[高分句型1] With the problem of student loan worsened by pandemic-induced recession, people hold diverse attitudes towards student-debt forgiveness.运用with复合结构对原文第一段进行了概括。其中with复合结构作伴随状语表达高级。
[高分句型2]Some argue it serves to stimulate economy and bridge the wealth gap while others maintain it can’t help those most in need and show the concern about setting the precedent.用while引导比较状语从句对第三、四段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
12．To reduce cheating in remote online tests, distanced online testing is introduced in today’s Science of Learning. It minimizes online cheating through discrete optimization based on students’ abilities. Namely, students at various levels get the same paper, but at different times. It reduced cheating and encouraged learning, so researchers expect to build a platform to share it.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“远程在线测试”的测试策略，它是基于学生能力的基础上通过离散优化的方法最小化网络作弊。不同层次的学生拿到的是相同的试卷，但时间不同，它减少了作弊，鼓励学习，研究人员希望建立一个平台来分享使用这种方法。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①In research published today in Science of Learning, engineers from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute demonstrate how a testing strategy they call “distanced online testing” can effectively reduce students’ ability to receive help from one another in order to score higher on a test taken at individual homes during social distancing.
②Often in remote online exams, students can talk over the phone or internet to discuss answers。
③The key idea of our method is to minimize this chance via discrete optimization(离散优化)aided by knowledge of a student’s competencies.
④ When a distanced online test is performed, students receive the same questions, but at varying times depending on their skill level.
⑤ According to statistical tests and post-exam surveys, this method reduced the points gained through cheating by orders of magnitude (数量级) when compared to conventional exam methods.
⑥ when students knew collusion would not be possible, they were more motivated to study class material.
⑦ Wang and his colleagues hope to share this innovation of teaching methods and theory beyond the Rensselaer campus.
2.缜密构思将第①、②两个要点进行重组；将第③、④两个要点进行压缩；将第⑤、⑥、⑦三个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
To reduce cheating in remote online tests, distanced online testing is introduced in today’s Science of Learning.
It minimizes online cheating through discrete optimization based on students’ abilities.
Students at various levels get the same paper, but at different times.
It reduced cheating and encouraged learning, so researchers expect to build a platform to share it.
【点睛】[高分句型1]：To reduce cheating in remote online tests, distanced online testing is introduced in today’s Science of Learning.运用了不定式作目的状语并对原文第一段和第二段第一句进行了概括。其中不定式作目的状语表达高级。
[高分句型2]：It minimizes online cheating through discrete optimization based on students’ abilities. 用过去分词短语作后置定语对第二段第二句进行了概括，表达非常高级。
13．Studies show that beds aren’t a good place for your well-being and they can even make you sick. Mites, bacteria and other tiny living things in your beds can cause illness or irritate you. Therefore, experts suggest that cleaning carpets, washing floors, using allergen-proof bed covers, and washing bedding and pillows frequently can make your bed safe.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，研究表明，床对你的健康不是一个好地方，它们甚至会让你生病。床上的螨虫、细菌和其他微小生物会导致疾病或刺激你。因此，专家建议，清洁地毯、清洗地板、使用防过敏的床罩、经常清洗被褥和枕头可以使你的床安全。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①It seems that beds may not be such a good place for our health and happiness—they could actually be making us ill!
②Recent studies have shown that bacteria, fungi and dust mites, some smaller than the diameter of a hair, live in our bedding.
③These are “highly allergenic (致敏的)” according to Dr William Berger, a fellow with the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. “Even if you aren’t allergic… they can still irritate you, the way pepper would if it blew into your nose and eyes.”
④Firstly, he suggests vacuuming your mattress regularly – weekly, or even daily. He also recommends doing away with carpets and washing floors. Using allergen-proof bed covers, he says, can reduce the risk of getting allergies. In addition, washing bedding and pillows frequently can help, as can a portable air cleaner placed near the bed.
2.缜密构思将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Studies show that beds aren’t a good place for your well-being and they can even make you sick.
Mites, bacteria and other tiny living things in your beds can cause illness or irritate you.
Experts suggest that cleaning carpets, washing floors, using allergen-proof bed covers, and washing bedding and pillows frequently can make your bed safe.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Studies show that beds aren’t a good place for your well-being and they can even make you sick.(本句运用一个复杂的主从复合句和由and连接了两个并列句概括了第一段的内容，其中that引导了宾语从句)
[高分句型2] Therefore, experts suggest that cleaning carpets, washing floors, using allergen-proof bed covers, and washing bedding and pillows frequently can make your bed safe.(用一个复杂的主从复合句概括了第三、四段内容。其中由that引导的宾语从句和动名词作主语，用法非常高级)
14．Although many people buy gifts during holidays, some may choose the wrong gifts. They buy what they want to give instead of what recipients prefer. As research shows, recipients value / appreciate gifts far less than givers. Actually, thoughtful presents turn out the worst ones. Therefore, stopping buying gifts or picking flexible ones, preferably cash, may work.
【分析】这是一篇说明文。虽然很多人在节日期间买礼物，但有些人可能选错了礼物。他们买的是他们想给的东西，而不是受赠者喜欢的东西。研究表明，受赠者对礼物的重视程度远远低于送礼者。实际上，体贴的礼物往往是最糟糕的。因此，停止购买礼物或选择灵活的礼物，最好是现金，可能会奏效。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①During holidays, many people will buy gifts for loved ones but they may buy the wrong gifts.
②We don’t actually look for things people want to receive but choose things that we want to give.
③Research has shown that givers tend to value the gifts they buy considerably more than receivers.
④Some believe that thoughtful presents are the best presents. In fact, they might just be the worst presents.
⑤Buying gifts that allow for flexibility is a good idea. People prefer cash to gift cards and actual gifts.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2、3、4三个要点进行整合。将5保留，
3.遣词造句
Although many people buy gifts during holidays, some may choose the wrong gifts.
They buy what they want to give instead of what recipients prefer.
As research shows, recipients value / appreciate gifts far less than givers.
Actually, thoughtful presents turn out the worst ones.
Therefore, stopping buying gifts or picking flexible ones, preferably cash, may work.
【点睛】[高分句型1] ：They buy what they want to give instead of what recipients prefer. 运用两个what引导的宾语从句对第二段进行了概括，两个从句由instead of连接，用法高级。
[高分句型2]：As research shows, recipients value / appreciate gifts far less than givers.运用as引导的非限制性定语从句概括了第三段的内容，且从句中用了比较级，表达高级。
[高分句型3]：Therefore, stopping buying gifts or picking flexible ones, preferably cash, may work.运用动名词做主语总结了最后一段的内容。
15．With plastic wastes invading the ocean and threatening marine lives, plastic pollution is among the most serious problems on the earth. To deal with the situation. Coca-Cola thinks of a creaive solution called KeelClip, which substitutes paper board for plastic wrapping, thus saving lots of plastic and CO2 annually. The case shows innovation behind Coca-Cola’s commitment to sustainable eco- friendly packaging.
【分析】这是一篇概要写作。
【详解】这篇概写语言精练，从三方面概括了文章要点。根据第一段中Plastic pollution has become one of the most pressing problem of the 21st Century with plastic waste almost everywhere.(塑料污染已经成为21世纪最紧迫的问题之一，塑料垃圾几乎无处不在)可知，With plastic wastes invading the ocean and threatening marine lives, plastic pollution is among the most serious problems on the earth.(随着塑料垃圾进入海洋，威胁着海洋生物，塑料污染是地球上最严重的问题之一)；根据第二段中Luckily, Coca-Cola stepped up to the challenge and came up with one innovative and rather effective solution.(幸运的是，可口可乐公司接受了这一挑战，并提出了一个创新且相当有效的解决方案)和第三段中The firm is optimistic that the move will save 2,000 tons of plastic and 3,000 tons of CO2 annually.(该公司乐观地认为，此举每年将节省2000吨塑料和3000吨二氧化碳)可知，To deal with the situation. Coca-Cola thinks of a creaive solution called KeelClip, which substitutes paper board for plastic wrapping, thus saving lots of plastic and CO2 annually.(来处理这种情况。可口可乐公司想出了一种名为KeelClip的creaive解决方案，用纸板代替塑料包装，从而每年节省大量的塑料和二氧化碳)；再根据最后一段中Innovation is a key principle of our sustainable packaging work and the application of this fully recyclable paperboard KeelClipTM,(创新是我们可持续包装工作的关键原则，这种可完全回收的纸板KeelClipTM的应用)可知，The case shows innovation behind Coca-Cola’s commitment to sustainable eco-friendly packaging.(这个案例展示了可口可乐公司对可持续环保包装的承诺背后的创新)
16．The Zeigarnik effect, the tendency to remember incomplete tasks better than complete ones, is useful in daily life. Firstly, it can keep people from putting off things when they start with a small step. Besides, it encourages breaks in students’ study, thus improving recall in exams. Thirdly, it promotes mental health by providing the motivation needed to finish tasks.
【分析】本篇书面表达是概要写作，要求概括蔡加尼克效应在日常生活中很有用。首先，它可以让人们在开始做一件小事的时候不拖延；此外，它还鼓励学生在学习时休息，从而提高考试时的记忆力；最后，它能够通过提供完成任务所需的动机来促进心理健康，注意词数要求和使用自己的语言。
【详解】1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。
2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。
3、给摘要起一个好标题，比如：可以采用文中的主题句。
4、尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。
答案第6页，共20页
答案第7页，共20页