上海市静安区三年（2020-2022）高考英语模拟试题分题型分层写作（有答案）

上海市静安区三年（2020-2022）高考英语模拟试题分题型分层-写作
一、建议信
1．（2022·上海静安·统考一模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
你所居住的小区，虽地处闹市，但因建成较早，当年规划的300个停车位早已不能满足500户居民的停车需求。小区业委会(owners’ committee)现正就如何缓解小区停车难这一问题征求居民们意见。在小区公众号留言，谈谈你的看法。留言中包括：
1.你的建议;
2.你的理由。
(文中不得出现考生姓名，学校等真实信息)
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2．（2021·上海静安·统考二模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
你是明启中学高三学生李华，你校门口一家老字号面馆（time-honored noodle restaurant）因上涨的租金和周边快餐店的竞争，面临关门的窘境。该面馆登报求助。请给该面馆写读者回信，信中必须包括：
1. 阐述保护中华老字号（time-honored Chinese brands）的意义；
2. 向该面馆提出改进的建议。
（信中不得出现考生姓名，学校等真实信息）
3．（2021·上海·统考一模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
你是高三学生刘晓，你所在的社区正在考虑为区域内的高龄老人引进一项便民服务。目前有三个备选方案：①一键急救呼叫(one-button first-aid call )；②社区老年食堂 (neighbourhood canteen for seniors)；③老年娱乐中心。请给居委会(neighbourhood committee) 写一封信，谈谈你的看法。信中必须包括：
1.你同意的方案；
2.你同意的理由；
3.你对于提高此项服务质量的建议。
(信中不得出现考生姓名，学校等真实信息
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二、其他应用文
4．（2021·上海静安·二模）Directions：Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
近期的一项网络调查发现，近七成受访者表示他们不愿对父母开放微信朋友圈；“屏蔽父母”的主要理由是，认为父母“过度关心、管教太多、无法沟通”。谈谈你对“屏蔽父母”这种做法的看法。你是否对父母开放你的朋友圈呢？请说明理由
屏蔽父母：don’t share my moments with my parents
微信朋友圈：WeChat Moments
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5．（2020·上海静安·统考二模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
我国教育改革越来越重视培养学生的创新能力，请你从中学生的角度，谈谈我们的教学中哪些做法促进了学生创新能力的发展，提出改进的意见并说明理由。
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6．（2020·上海静安·统考一模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120 - 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学的王华，你校学生会将举办主题为“Looking for the Chinese Spirit”的英语演讲比赛， 请你作为参赛者写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：
1. 描述生活中最感动你的一个人或一件事，并说明其体现了怎样的中国精神；
2. 你获得的启发及感受
（注意：请勿出现真实的姓名与学校）
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三、图表作文
7．（2022·上海静安·统考二模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
当今社会，短视频已成为高中生获取信息的渠道之一，日前，某网站对某地高中生使用短视频的现状作了调查，结果如下:
获取短视频内容的类型 受访者平均使用时间占比（该内容浏览时间/总浏览时间）
辅助学习类 48%
娱乐休闲类 31%
生活技能类 12%
其他 9%
请简单描述该图表，并结合自身或他人情况，谈谈你的看法。
（文中不得出现考生姓名，学校等真实信息）
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四、概要写作
8．（2022·上海静安·统考一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
The music in you
Any party goer can tap her heel to an unfamiliar song without realizing it. Yet when asked on site, she might reply: “Music I don’t know anything about that.”
Maybe you’ve heard a variation on this theme: “I don’t have a musical bone in my body.” Most of us make music publicly just a few times a year, when it’s someone’s birthday and the cake comes out. Privately, it’s a different story. We belt out tunes in the shower and create rhythm tracks on our steering wheel. But when we think about musical expertise, we tend to imagine professionals who specialize in performance, people we’d pay to hear. As for the rest of us, our bumbling private efforts, rather than illustrating that we share an irresistible urge to make music, seem only to demonstrate that we don’t enjoy essential musical capacity.
But the more psychologists investigate musicality, the more it seems that nearly all of us are musical experts, in quite a surprising sense. A lot of the most interesting and substantial elements of musicality are things that we all share. We aren’t talking about instinctive, inborn universals here. Our musical knowledge is the product of long experience; maybe not years spent over an instrument, but a lifetime spent absorbing music from the open window of every passing car.
In fact, for all its remarkable power, music is in good company. Many of our feelings are governed by a similar rule. We don’t know how we come to like certain food more than others. We don’t know why we fall in love. Yet in the very act of making these choices we reveal the effects of a host of instinctive mental processes. The fact that we respond to music so naturally and normally actually speaks to its strength and universality.
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9．（2022·上海静安·统考二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point（s）of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
How does your mind process bad news
When you experience stressful events, a physiological change happens that can cause you to take in any sort of warning and become fixed on how it develops. A study using brain imaging to look at the neural activity of people under stress revealed that this ‘switch’ was related to a sudden increase in a neural signal known as a prediction error, specifically in response to unexpected signs of danger.
When our ancestors found themselves in a cave filled with hungry animals, they benefited from such an ability to take in the warning and guard against dangers so as to avoid fierce animals. In this way, they survived. In a safe environment today, however, it would be wasteful to be on high alert constantly. A system that automatically increases or decreases your ability to process warnings in response to changes in your environment might be useful in handling negative messages of different levels. In fact, people with certain diseases seem unable to switch away from a state in which they absorb all the negative messages around them.
If your co-worker is stressed, you are more likely to tense up and feel stressed yourself. Our brains are designed to transmit emotions quickly to one another, because they often pass on important information. When infants are held by their mothers who have just experienced a socially stressful event, the infants’ heart rates go up too. Studies show that if you observe negative posts, such as complaints about a long queue at the coffee shop, you will in turn create more negative posts.
The good news, however, is that positive emotions, such as hope and love, can spread too, and they are powerful in lifting people’s mood. If you observe positive feeds on social media, such as images of a pink sunset, you are more likely to post uplifting messages yourself. Therefore, why not frame our messages wisely in the hope of avoiding negative reactions
10．（2021·上海静安·统考二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Your co-worker brings in brownies, your daughter makes cookies for a holiday party and candy is arriving from far-flung relatives. Sugar appears on almost all joyful occasions. It is celebration, festivity and family love. It’s also dangerous. Sugar, perhaps more than salt, contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease. Evidence is growing that eating an undue amount of sugar can lead to fatty liver disease, hypertension, Type 2 diabetes, obesity and kidney disease.
Yet people can’t resist it. And the reason for that is pretty simple. People just can’t resist it. And we don’t mean disability to resist it in the way that people talk about delicious foods. We mean the weakness, literally, in a similar way of drugs due to the fact that the sugar manufacturers are doing everything they can to keep us hooked.
Just a few hundred years ago, concentrated sugars were essentially absent from the human diet. Sugar was a rare source of energy in the environment, and strong longings for it benefited humans for living on. Sugar longings initiated searches for sweet foods, the kinds that help us layer on fat for times of scarcity.
Today concentrated sugar is everywhere, used in approximately 75 percent of packaged foods purchased in the United States. The average American consumes anywhere from a quarter to a half pound of sugar a day. If you consider that the concentrated sugar in a single can of soda might be more than what most people would have consumed in an entire year just a few hundred years ago, you get a sense of how dramatically our environment has changed. The sweet longing that once offered an advantage now works against us.
A better approach to sugar rehab (康复) is to promote the consumption of whole, natural foods. Substituting whole foods for sweet industrial synthetic foods may be a hard sell, but in the face of an industry that is exploiting our biological nature to keep us addicted, it may be the best solution for those who need that sugar fix.
11．（2021·上海静安·二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Wearable technology can reportedly tell you a lot more than just the number of calories you’re burning or how many steps you’ve walked… That clever smartwatch can actually tell that you’re about to get a cold, days before you start feeling poorly. As New Scientist reports, researchers at Stanford University in California have discovered that wearable tech can now detect when you’re about to fall prey to (感染) a frightening winter bug, simply by tracking your vital statistics.
After monitoring 40 smartwatch users for up to two years, the team has demonstrated that the devices can be used to detect the first signs of coming illness. The participants’ pulse and skin temperature were continuously monitored throughout the period, with the scientists noting that their smartwatches recorded unusually higher heart rates and skin temperatures up to three days before the volunteers began displaying symptoms of cold or flu.
Study leader Michael Snynder said: “Once these wearables collect enough data to know what your normal baseline readings are, they can get very good at sensing when something goes wrong. We think that if your heart rate and skin temperature are elevated for about two hours, there’s a strong chance you’re getting sick.” “Continuous tracking of your vital signs is more informative than having a doctor measure them once a year and comparing them with population averages,” he added.
The team now hopes to create an algorithm (算法) that will let smartwatches notify you when you’re about to get sick. Well, at least that might give us the chance to stock up on vitamins and wrap up warm before the germ attacks!
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12．（2021·上海·统考一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Surveys indicate that a third of Britons regularly eat on their own. OpenTable, an online restaurant booking app, found that solo dining in New York increased by 80% during the past 5 years. And in Japan, the world capital of solo dining, a trend for "low interaction dining11 has taken off. Restaurants are opening which facilitate the ultimate solo dining experience: passing bowls of noodles through black curtains into individual booths.
Is this a worrying trend We think so. Research is revealing the negative impacts of eating alone, which has been found to be linked to a variety of mental and physical health conditions, from depression and diabetes to high blood pressure.
So it's cheering that hundreds of food sharing initiatives have sprung up around the world. There's London's Casserole Club, for example, whose volunteers share portions of home-cooked food with people in their area who aren't always able to cook for themselves, in which case they put an end to food waste. Or there is South Africa's Food Jams, social gatherings in which participants are paired up, preferably with strangers, and given a portion of the meal to prepare. Many participants interviewed mentioned that their loneliness was greatly relieved. Such initiatives offer lessons of all kinds to those thinking about how our food systems need to change. They also somewhat compensate for the undesirable outcomes sole eating brings.
So why do people stop eating together There are a variety of reasons. Authors such as Michael Pollan argue that it is due to the fact that people attach less value to home-based labor, including cooking. The widening of the workforce, which brought many women out of the kitchen and into the workplace during the 20th century, also contributed. Meanwhile, the growth in insecure and inconsistent working patterns among a growing proportion of the population also discourages meals eaten communally.
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13．（2020·上海静安·统考二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
When Everything Gets Smart
It still feels magical to light up your living room by saying “Alexa, turn on the lights.” Tech companies are adding internet connections to just about everything you can imagine. Cars, door locks, toasters, refrigerators, toothbrushes, motorcycle helmets. More and more technology powers are taking part in this trend — known by “the internet of things.”
There is no denying that smart technology will lead to conveniences. You can use voice commands to turn on the lights, coffee maker and music. You can get reminders from your toothbrush to brush and tips on how best to do it. Thanks to the internet of things, you could live like the Beast in the Disney movie, with animated objects around taking care of your every need. That’s the appeal of smart homes for most people, and why they are supposed to be a $27 billion market by 2021.
However, the facts are not always so rosy. The smart objects in your home can be a source of annoyance. Usually people have to download dozens of different apps to a smartphone to control everything, which means creating an account for each one of those apps. The fantasy of the smart home is that it will save us time and effort. But the trouble involved in getting various devices from different companies to work together means that many things may take longer to do.
Worse still, there may be security risks. Smart home systems are part of a larger suite ( 套 ) devices, apps, websites and spaces that collect and analyze personal data about users. To get the full benefits of smart home systems, users must share their locations, routines, tastes in music, shopping history and so forth. It might manage your digital life quite well. On the other hand, however, providing so much personal information benefits companies like Amazon. As they gain access to users’ personal information, they may capitalize on ( 获 利 ) it in the form of targeted advertisements. Perhaps that’s why Wired magazine says, “Amazon’s next big business is selling you.”
Smartened everything comes with broader security concerns. Unsecured devices connected to the “internet of things” can be targets for hackers. Access to smart devices might provide hackers a well-spring of useful data, including information about when users are home — or not.
Considering the disadvantages, why not slow down a bit as we head toward an uncertain future
14．（2020·上海静安·统考一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Do We Need Art in Our Lives
No one will be surprised to hear that the arts are under fire in this day and age. We view the arts as something of a hobby, something that’s fun but certainly can’t pay the rent. If it’s not a useful skill, no wonder arts funding is being cut in schools. Do we really need art in our lives
In schools, time and money is at a premium （稀有而珍贵）, now more than ever. With teachers having to fit so many lessons into every day. it’s easy to see why art is dropping more and more by the wayside. Budgets are dropping at an alarming rate, and what school is going to drop teaching in essential subjects such as math or science when they can drop art instead
It seems as though the loss of art in daily life is sad fact of life, but it doesn’t have to be. There are actually a lot of practical uses for art for many people. For example, art therapy has helped people with a range of illnesses, both mental and physical, cope with their symptoms. Art is found almost anywhere you look in your home. Practical items, such as bedspreads, furniture or clothing, are all art forms in themselves and arouse emotions in the people interacting with them.
Art also gives us insight into the world. History tells us what happened and when it happened, but it can’t tell us how the population at large felt about it, which is where art steps in. We know a lot about how people in the past lived and worded, because their art has given us much a deep insight into their daily lives. We wouldn’t have that insight without it.
Most of all, we need art in our lives as it gives us a form of self-expression. Being able to talk about our feelings is essential to staying healthy. You may not think ou talk about your feelings, but you may express them in other ways. Some like to cook or bake, some like to work machinery, and others may like to paint or draw. Whatever you like to do in your spare time, you’re probably creating art every day.
So, do we need art in our lives Many people would say no, but the art they’re thinking of is the art you see in galleries. Art is actually much more accessible and it truly needed in everyday life. It helps those in need, gives people in the future an idea of what life was like, and is a vital form of self-expression.
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参考答案：
1．Dear owners’ committee,
As a resident of this community, I have the following suggestions on how to alleviate the parking problem in this community:
First, I think the community can scientifically and reasonably plan the parking spaces, number them, and guide the car owners to check the number. At the same time, we can also talk with residents in the community to reduce the public green space and increase the number of parking spaces. Second, we could seek help from the relevant departments, putting forward the proposal of building a large parking lot or three-dimensional parking building; Meanwhile, we can negotiate with the surrounding shops to implement the method of “dislocation parking” to relieve the tension of parking in the community. Third, I strongly recommend that public transportation and public bicycle travel should be advocated. By doing these not only can we could relieve the pressure of tight parking space，but also build up our bodies, which could be called win-win.
The above is my opinion,which I hope will be helpful to you.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给业主委员会写一封建议信，针对“小区停车难”问题提出自己的建议和理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建议：suggestion→ advice
首先：first → first and foremost
其次：second→ in addition
有益处的：helpful→ beneficial
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：As a resident of this community, I have the following suggestions on how to alleviate the parking problem in this community.
拓展句：As a resident of this community, I have the following suggestions on how we could do something to alleviate the parking problem in this community.
【点睛】【高分句型1】First, I think the community can scientifically and reasonably plan the parking spaces, number them, and guide the car owners to check the number. （运用了动词的并列结构）
【高分句型2】Third, I strongly recommend that public transportation and public bicycle travel should be advocated. （运用了虚拟语气以及that引导的宾语从句）
2．Dear…,
I'm sorry to know you are at the risk of being shut down because of the rising rent and fierce competition.
As a time honored noodles restaurant, your restaurant must have a long history, as well as good reputation, providing distinct characteristics of traditional food culture. Therefore, from the bottom of my heart, I hope you can keep it up. As for your current difficulties, the recommendation I would make is that you can first visit your neighboring restaurants, from which you may learn a lot. Second, you can develop new dishes. Third, you can arrange your decorations and put an advertisement in your Wechat circle to promote your noodles and dishes and attact more customers.
At last I wish you a booming business
Yours,
Li Hua
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生代表报社给校门口一家老字号面馆写一封回信。该面馆因上涨的租金和周边快餐店的竞争，面临关门的窘境，曾向报社报求助。
【详解】词汇积累
困境：in trouble →at risk
明显的：clear/obvious→distinct
建议：advice/suggestionl→recommendation
宣传：advertise→promote
句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：You can arrange your decorations and put an advertisement in your Wechat circle to promote your noodles and dishes and attact more customers.
拓展句：You can arrange your decorations and put an advertisement in your Wechat circle, which can promote your noodles and dishes and attact more customers.
【点睛】[高分句型1] As a time honored noodles restaurant, your restaurant must have a long history, as well as good reputation, providing distinct characteristics of traditional food culture .(现在分词providing做状语)
[高分句型2] As for your current difficulties, the recommendation I would make is that you can first visit your neighboring restaurants, from which you may learn a lot.（that引导表语从句；介词from加which引导非限制性定语从句）
3．Dear neighbourhood committee,
As we all know, the community is considering introducing a convenience service for the elderly in the region. At present, there are three ways to use it: one-button first-aid call, neighbourhood canteen for seniors and a senior recreation center.
I am in favor of providing a one-button first-aid call for the elderly. For one thing, nowadays many old people live alone and most of their kids are working outside, so it is difficult for them to get timely care. For another, one-button first-aid call contains many functions, which can obtain the identity of the caller and the current location, so that the old man can be rescued in the first time.
We should teach the old people to use one-button first-aid call and be able to use it accurately in emergencies. Of course, the most important thing is to communicate more with the old people and keep abreast of the old people's recent situation.
Yours，
Liu Xiao
【分析】本篇书面表达是应用文，要求考生写一封关于为所在社区的高龄高人引进一项便民服务的建议信。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和现在进行时,少量现在完成时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1. 你同意的方案；
2. 你同意的理由；
3. 你对于提高此项服务质量的建议。
第二步:列提纲（重点词组）
as we all know；convenience；at present；senior recreation center；in favor of；in the first time；in emergencies；of course；keep abreast of
第三步：连词成句
1. As we all know, the community is considering introducing a convenience service for the elderly in the region.
2. At present, there are three ways to use it: one-button first-aid call, neighbourhood canteen for seniors and a senior recreation center.
3. I am in favor of providing a one-button first-aid call for the elderly.
4. Of course, the most important thing is to communicate more with the old people and keep abreast of the old people's recent situation.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：For one thing， For another
2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including（供参考）
3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that…（供参考）
4.表因果关系： So
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【点睛】[高分句型1] Of course, the most important thing is to communicate more with the old people and keep abreast of the old people's recent situation.（不定式作表语）
[高分句型2] For another, one-button first-aid call contains many functions, which can obtain the identity of the caller and the current location, so that the old man can be rescued in the first time.（which引导的非限制性定语从句）
4．Nowadays, it seems that Moments section of WeChat has become a popular part of social network platform. But do you think parents should be allowed to see their children’s Moments
According to the newly-conducted survey, about 70% of the participants don’t share the moments with their parents. First and foremost, they think their parents pay too much attention to their privacy, and set a lot of rules for them to obey. Moreover, the generation gap is always a big problem, which will cause a lot of misunderstandings to arise if parents are enabled to see the posts.
Anyway, I think otherwise. In my opinion, I believe sharing my moments with my parents will promote understanding and strengthen mutual communication. Besides, adolescents are easily misled by the complicated society. If they give their parents a place in the online world, they can be protected.
【分析】本篇书面表达属于议论文，要求考生针对热点话题“是否对父母屏蔽朋友圈”发表评论。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：议论文
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时和一般将来时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：1.提出论题：是否应该对父母开放朋友圈（share my moments with my parents）
2.分论点一：反对观点及其支持句（don’t share the moments with their parents；privacy；generation gap）
3.分论点二：个人观点及其支持句 (share the moments with my parents; strengthen mutual communication; be protected)
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
social network platform; pay attention to; set rules; the generation gap; promote understanding; strengthen mutual communication
第三步：连词成句
1. Nowadays, it seems that Moments section of WeChat has become a popular part of social network platform.
2. First and foremost, they think their parents pay too much attention to their privacy, and set a lot of rules for them to obey.
3. The generation gap is always a big problem.
4. I believe sharing my moments with my parents will promote understanding and strengthen mutual communication.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last
2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including,
3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that…
4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多主从复合句，如：
Nowadays, it seems that Moments section of WeChat has become a popular part of social network platform.本句使用了that引导的Moments section of WeChat has become a popular part of social network platform作为seems表语从句。
Moreover, the generation gap is always a big problem, which will cause a lot of misunderstandings to arise if parents are enabled to see the posts.本句使用了which 引导的非限制定语从句: which will cause a lot of misunderstandings to arise if parents are enabled to see the posts.
使用了一些衔接词first and foremost；moreover等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
5．China's education reform has paid more and more attention to the cultivation of students' innovative ability, which has become an important topic to promote students' innovative ability in teaching.
First of all, break traditional teaching method. Change the traditional injection mode into heuristic, discussion and inquiry mode, in which case students are active explorers rather than passive receivers. Students cannot innovate unless they can think, analyze and process the information independently. Secondly, create an atmosphere of innovative education and provide a stage for innovation. As students, they are happy to learn in a loose and harmonious classroom, which can help their innovation. In addition, protect students’ curiosity. Curiosity is the driving force to observe nature and cultivate innovation ability. In teaching, only when teachers excite students’ curiosity, guide them to explore actively and ask questions boldly can the spark of their innovative spirit be lighted.
Innovation is the soul of a nation's progress and the key to the all-round development of students.
【分析】本文为说明文。我国教育改革越来越重视培养学生的创新能力，请你从中学生的角度，谈谈我们的教学中哪些做法促进了学生创新能力的发展，提出改进的意见并说明理由。
【详解】本文首先提出我国教育改革越来越重视学生创新能力的培养，在教学中要注重培养学生的创新能力。接着从三个方面来说明如何在教学中培养和促进学生创新能力的发展，提出自己的意见并说明理由。写作时叙述要有序，理由充分有依据。语言要丰富，句式尽量灵活，如运用复合句、倒装等。
【点睛】本文要点完整，结构合理，语言有条理。文中的句式非常灵活，尤其是复合句。有定语从句如China's education reform has paid more and more attention to the cultivation of students' innovative ability，which has become an important topic to promote students' innovative ability in teaching； Change the traditional injection mode into heuristic, discussion and inquiry mode, in which case students are active explorers rather than passive receivers；和As students, they are happy to learn in a loose and harmonious classroom, which can help their innovation。状语从句如Students cannot innovate unless they can think, analyze and process the information independently。还有部分倒装，如only when teachers excite students’ curiosity, guide them to explore actively and ask questions boldly can the spark of their innovative spirit be lighted。以及祈使句如create an atmosphere of innovative education and provide a stage for innovation等。
6．Today, the Chinese spirit is reflected in all aspects of life. A few days ago, the local news reported a real story that a young man donated bone marrow to a stranger. A few months ago, after completing a series of strict blood tests, he completed the collection of hematopoietic stem cells. A month later, he received the exciting news that his stem cells were successfully matched with those of an out-of-town patient who is in need of a bone marrow transplant, so he decided to donate hematopoietic stem cells without hesitation. Due to the long recovery process after the operation, he had to give up his current job. Speaking of his economic loss, he said that compared with saving a person's life, this loss is nothing.
Till now, I still have been deeply moved by what this young man had done, as his deed embodies the Chinese spirit of selfless dedication.
【分析】本篇书面表达是提纲类作文，要求写一篇演讲稿。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本文要求写一篇演讲稿：假设你是明启中学的王华，你校学生会将举办主题为“Looking for the Chinese Spirit”的英语演讲比赛， 请你作为参赛者写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：1. 描述生活中最感动你的一个人或一件事，并说明其体现了怎样的中国精神；2. 你获得的启发及感受。时态应为一般过去时。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如； Chinese Spirit（中国精神），reflect（反映），embody（体现），move（感动）， donate（捐献）及selfless dedication（无私奉献）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持卷面的整洁美观。
【点睛】范文语言地道，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级词汇和句式，高级词汇有be matched with（与……相匹配），speak of（谈到），compare with (与……相比)，in need of（需要），without hesitation（毫不犹豫）以及give up（放弃），而且还使用了同位语从句“A few days ago, the local news reported a real story that a young man donated bone marrow to a stranger.”，定语从句“A month later, he received the exciting news that his stem cells were successfully matched with those of an out-of-town patient who is in need of a bone marrow transplant, ”，宾语从句“Till now, I still have been deeply moved by what this young man had done, as his deed embodies the Chinese spirit of selfless dedication.”，原因状语从句“Due to the long recovery process after the operation, he had to give up his current job.”，非谓语动词“Speaking of his economic loss, he said that compared with saving a person's life, this loss is nothing.”，全文没有语法错误，上下句转换自然流畅。
7．A survey conducted by a website is aimed at figuring out the situation about high school students’ use of short videos as a channel for gaining information. As is clearly shown in the table, about 48% of their total screen time has been spent on contents that are of benefit to their study while time distributed to videos related to entertainment and leisure accounts for 31%.In addition, 12% of their time is taken up by watching videos concerning some important life skills. And 9% is spent on random contents.
As far as I am concerned, it is the advances of the Internet that make it accessible for students to help with their study, relieve themselves of stress and improve their knowledge of life skills through short videos. Thus, it is no wonder that a large proportion of their time is spent on short videos. I am sure that this trend will continue and last forever.
【导语】本文是一篇图表类型作文。要求考生表格展示的内容去描述某地高中使用短视频的现状。
【详解】1.词汇积累
旨在：be aimed at→ be intended to do
与……相关：related to→ with regard to
除此以外：in addition→ additionally
提高：improve→enhance
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：In addition, 12% of their time is taken up by watching videos concerning some important life skills.
拓展句：In addition, 12% of their time is taken up by watching videos that are relevant to some important life skills.
【点睛】【高分句型1】As is clearly shown in the table, about 48% of their total screen time has been spent on contents that are of benefit to their study while time distributed to videos related to entertainment and leisure accounts for 31%.（运用了as引导的非限制定语从句以及that引导的限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】As far as I am concerned, it is the advances of the Internet that make it accessible for students to help with their study, relieve themselves of stress and improve their knowledge of life skills through short videos.（运用了强调句型以及make it+形容词+for sb. to do sth.的结构）
8．Most of us make music publicly several times a year, but we don’t think we have a talent for music. According to psychologists’investigation, nearly all of us are musical experts. Our musical knowledge comes from long experience. In fact, we respond to music so naturally and normally actually, which demonstrates its strength and universality.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们大部分人一年有几次都会在公开场合制造音乐，但是我们却认为自己没有音乐才能。根据心理学家对音乐性的研究可知，几乎所有人似乎都是音乐专家。我们的音乐知识是长期经验的产物。事实上，我们对音乐的反应如此自然和正常，实际上说明了它的力量和普遍性。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Most of us make music publicly just a few times a year
②As for the rest of us, our bumbling private efforts, rather than illustrating that we share an irresistible urge to make music, seem only to demonstrate that we don’t enjoy essential musical capacity.
③But the more psychologists investigate musicality, the more it seems that nearly all of us are musical experts, in quite a surprising sense.
④Our musical knowledge is the product of long experience.
⑤The fact that we respond to music so naturally and normally actually speaks to its strength and universality.
2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4、5几个要点进行改写。
3.遣词造句
Most of us make music publicly a few times a year, but we don’t think we are talented for music.
Psychologists’investigation shows that nearly all of us are musical experts.
Long experience shapes our musical knowledge.
The fact that we respond to music so naturally and normally actually shows its strength and universality.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Most of us make music publicly several times a year, but we don’t think we have a talent for music. (运用了省略that引导的宾语从句，概括了第一段和第二段)
[高分句型2]In fact, we respond to music so naturally and normally actually, which demonstrates its strength and universality.( 运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句，表达非常高级。)
9．When facing worrying affairs, people focus on warnings and their development due to an increased neural signal. Such mechanism helped early humans to survive but automatic reaction adjustment according to different danger levels is important today. Negative emotions travel rapidly between people. Luckily, positive feelings spread too, calling for sensible message producers.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，当面对令人担忧的事情时，由于神经信号的增加，人们会关注警告及其发展。这种机制帮助早期人类生存，但根据不同的危险程度自动反应调整在今天很重要。负面情绪在人与人之间传播迅速。幸运的是，积极的情绪也会传播，这需要明智的信息生产者。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①When you experience stressful events, a physiological change happens that can cause you to take in any sort of warning and become fixed on how it develops
②A study using brain imaging to look at the neural activity of people under stress revealed that this ‘switch’ was related to a sudden increase in a neural signal known as a prediction error, specifically in response to unexpected signs of danger.
③When our ancestors found themselves in a cave filled with hungry animals, they benefited from such an ability to take in the warning and guard against dangers so as to avoid fierce animals. In this way, they survived. In a safe environment today, however, it would be wasteful to be on high alert constantly.
④If your co-worker is stressed, you are more likely to tense up and feel stressed yourself. Our brains are designed to transmit emotions quickly to one another, because they often pass on important information.
⑤The good news, however, is that positive emotions, such as hope and love, can spread too, and they are powerful in lifting people’s mood.
⑥If you observe positive feeds on social media, such as images of a pink sunset, you are more likely to post uplifting messages yourself.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2和5、6几个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
When facing worrying affairs, people focus on warnings and their development due to an increased neural signal.
Such mechanism helped early humans to survive but automatic reaction adjustment according to different danger levels is important today.
Negative emotions travel rapidly between people.
Luckily, positive feelings spread too, calling for sensible message producers.
【点睛】[高分句型1]：When facing worrying affairs, people focus on warnings and their development due to an increased neural signal.(运用when引导时间状语从句的省略结构)
[高分句型2]：Luckily, positive feelings spread too, calling for sensible message producers. (运用了现在分词作状语)
10．Sugar accompanies happiness but too much sugar causes various diseases. People’s sugar addiction results from tempting behaviors of sugar industry. In the past, concentrated sugars were rare and people’s sugar desire has helped paratively, people’s sugar consumption today is alarmingly huge. For sugar withdrawal, we should eat whole natural food instead of processed food.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了曾经被认为是罕见的能量来源的糖，它使人类得以生存。糖这种食物可以帮助我们在脂肪稀缺的时候增加脂肪，而现如今糖几乎出现在所有欢乐的场合。越来越多的证据表明，过量摄入糖会导致脂肪肝、高血压、2型糖尿病、肥胖和肾病等健康问题。所以最好的解决方案是促进天然食品的消费。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Sugar appears on almost all joyful occasions.
② Evidence is growing that eating an undue amount of sugar can lead to fatty liver disease, hypertension, Type 2 diabetes, obesity and kidney disease.
③ People just can’t resist it.
④We mean the weakness, literally, in a similar way of drugs due to the fact that the sugar manufacturers are doing everything they can to keep us hooked.
⑤Just a few hundred years ago, concentrated sugars were essentially absent from the human diet.
⑥Sugar was a rare source of energy in the environment, and strong longings for it benefited humans for living on.
⑦Today concentrated sugar is everywhere, used in approximately 75 percent of packaged foods purchased in the United States.
⑧A better approach to sugar rehab (康复) is to promote the consumption of whole, natural foods.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行句式重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合，第5，6两个要点整合，第7、8两个要点分别进行句子简化。
3.遣词造句
Sugar accompanies happiness but too much sugar causes various diseases.
People’s sugar addiction results from tempting behaviors of sugar industry.
In the past, concentrated sugars were rare and people’s sugar desire has helped survival.
Comparatively, people’s sugar consumption today is alarmingly huge.
For sugar withdrawal, we should eat whole natural food instead of processed food.
【点睛】[高分句型1]
Sugar accompanies happiness but too much sugar causes various diseases.运用了并列连词but对第一段中的两个要点进行合并。
[高分句型2]
For sugar withdrawal, we should eat whole natural food instead of processed food.使用了短语instead of对最后一段中的要点进行了简化。
11．One possible version
A smart watch can forecast its users’ potential illness by recording their essential data. Having followed some users for 24 months and monitored their pulse and shin temperature constantly, the team draws a conclusion that a constant record of necessary data is superior to a regular check-up . Thus, users can take some measures to prevent disease.
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是智能手表可以通过记录用户的基本数据来预测其潜在的疾病。研究小组对一些使用者进行了24个月的跟踪观察，并不断监测他们的脉搏和胫骨温度，得出结论：持续记录必要的数据比定期检查要好。因此，用户可以采取一些措施来预防疾病。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①That clever smartwatch can actually tell that you’re about to get a cold, days before you start feeling poorly.
②After monitoring 40 smartwatch users for up to two years, the team has demonstrated that the devices can be used to detect the first signs of coming illness.
③ “Continuous tracking of your vital signs is more informative than having a doctor measure them once a year and comparing them with population averages,” he added.
④The team now hopes to create an algorithm (算法) that will let smartwatches notify you when you’re about to get sick.
2.缜密构思将第1、4两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
A smart watch can forecast its users’ potential illness by recording their essential data.
Having followed some users for 24 months and monitored their pulse and shin temperature constantly, the team draws a conclusion that a constant record of necessary data is superior to a regular check-up .
Thus, users can take some measures to prevent disease.
【点睛】[高分句型1] A smart watch can forecast its users’ potential illness by recording their essential data.(本句对原文主旨进行了概括，运用了by doing sth的结构来表达可以通过记录其基本数据来预测用户的潜在疾病。)
[高分句型2] Having followed some users for 24 months and monitored their pulse and shin temperature constantly, the team draws a conclusion that a constant record of necessary data is superior to a regular check-up . (本句运用了现在分词完成式Having followed作状语的高级表达，that引导同位语从句表示研究小组得出的结论：持续记录必要的数据比定期检查要好。)
12．The trend of sole dining is catching on in major countries. However, it does harm physically and mentally. Fortunately food-sharing programs make up for its bad effects by avoiding food waste and combating loneliness. Eating together has declined because of people’s undervaluing of cooking at home, more women’s entry into the workforce and weakening work relationships.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。单人用餐的趋势正在主要国家流行起来。然而，它确实会伤害身体和精神。幸运的是，食物共享计划通过避免食物浪费和对抗孤独来弥补它的不良影响。由于人们低估了在家做饭的价值，更多的女性进入职场，以及工作关系的弱化，在一起吃饭的人数有所下降。
【详解】1 要点摘录①.Surveys indicate that a third of Britons regularly eat on their own. OpenTable, an online restaurant booking app, found that solo dining in New York increased by 80% during the past 5 years.
②.Research is revealing the negative impacts of eating alone, which has been found to be linked to a variety of mental and physical health conditions, from depression and diabetes to high blood pressure.
③.There's London's Casserole Club, for example, whose volunteers share portions of home-cooked food with people in their area who aren't always able to cook for themselves, in which case they put an end to food waste.
④.The widening of the workforce, which brought many women out of the kitchen and into the workplace during the 20th century, also contributed.
2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句The trend of sole dining is catching on in major countries. However, it does harm physically and mentally. Fortunately food-sharing programs make up for its bad effects by avoiding food waste and combating loneliness.Because of people’s undervaluing of cooking at home, more women’s entry into the workforce and weakening work relationships, they often choose to eat alone.
【点睛】[高分句型1] However, it does harm physically and mentally. (使用however对前文内容表达转折，physically和mentally副词作状语修饰动作does harm。)
[高分句型2]Fortunately food-sharing programs make up for its bad effects by avoiding food waste and combating loneliness.(运用介词by+doing作方式状语，表达比较高级。)
[高分句型3]Eating together has declined because of people’s undervaluing of cooking at home, more women’s entry into the workforce and weakening work relationships.(使用动名词eating作主语，because of后接名词短语和动名词作并列宾语，充分使用了非谓语动词里的高级表达。)
13．Connecting everything to the internet brings people conveniences. However, users can’t ignore the disadvantages. （要点1）Firstly, the seemingly smart home is time-consuming and troublesome. （要点2）Secondly, technology powers benefit from users’ personal data.（要点3）Thirdly, smartened everything makes it easy for hackers to target users. （要点4）Therefore, smart technology should be applied with caution.（要点5）
【分析】本书面表达是一篇概要写作。
【详解】概要写作是将阅读与写作有机结合，要求考生既能读懂文章信息，又要依据要求规范连贯地表达内容，总的来说，遵循以下步骤：确定主题句；寻找关键词；重构主题句；重组支持句。本篇文章为总分总结构，第一、二段通过举例引出话题：智能家庭给人们带来了方便。第三段讲述用户不能忽视它的缺点。其中之一是智能的家庭既耗时又麻烦。第四段讲智能设备存在安全风险。第五段讲优化后的一切让黑客很容易锁定用户。最后总结，指出应用智能技术要谨慎。书写时注意使用适当的连接词连接这些要点，使上下句之间具有连贯性。概要写作的基础是理解语篇，而读懂语篇的基础是词汇，尤其是对关键词汇的掌握与运用。在此基础上，综合运用语法与句法结构，按照行文逻辑组织语言，就可以写出很好的概要。
14．Considered as a hobby or fun, art is ignored in schools. Limited time and money is spent on essential subjects. However, art is very useful and everywhere. As therapy, art benefits health. Besides, it enables us to understand the world better. Above all, we often express our feelings in the form of art. Therefore, art is needed.
【分析】本篇书面表达是概要写作，要求概括艺术被认为是一种爱好或乐趣，但在学校却被忽视了，学校把有限的时间和金钱花在基本的科目上，然而，艺术是非常有用的：艺术有益于健康，它使还让我们能够更好地了解世界，最重要的是，我们经常用艺术的形式来表达我们的感情，因此，艺术是必要的。注意词数要求和使用自己的语言。
【详解】1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。
2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。
3、给摘要起一个好标题，比如：可以采用文中的主题句。
4、尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。
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答案第9页，共17页