上海市闵行区三年（2020-2022）高考英语模拟试题分题型分层-写作（含答案）

上海市闵行区三年（2020-2022）高考英语模拟试题分题型分层-写作
一、建议信
1．（2021·上海闵行·统考一模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你的朋友John作为交换生要来一所中学学习一年。现在有两个家庭可为他提供住宿。John对如何选择犹豫不决，想听听你的建议。请根据以下住宿家庭信息，写一封email给John，说说你推荐哪个家庭，并简要谈谈这样推荐的理由。
王先生家庭 李先生家庭
家庭成员 一对中年夫妇；一个17岁的男孩 一对退休夫妇
住宿条件 提供一个带独立卫生间的房间 提供一个无独立卫生间房间
伙食 周一至周六提供早餐和晚餐，周日不提供餐饮 周一至周五提供早餐和晚餐；周六和周日提供三餐
距学校距离 地铁大约一小时车程 步行到学校大约10分钟
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二、申请信
2．（2022·上海闵行·统考二模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设今年暑假你们学校学生会组织部分学生开展支援边远地区一所学校的志愿者活动，正在招募志愿者。现有两个活动方案：一是暑期自费去当地一所学校开展教学工作；二是在暑期开展募捐，购买几台电脑和一些书籍寄往该学校。你有意向参加志愿者活动。
请你写一封信给学生会，信中包括：1、简要介绍你自己；
2、你报名参加哪一个项目；
3、简要说明你选择这个项目的理由。
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三、推荐信
3．（2022·上海闵行·统考一模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120 - 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
你的英国朋友Jim所在的学校要组织来中国进行主题夏令营活动，每个学生可以从以下三个主题营中选择一个参加： 1.唐诗(Tang poems)学习夏令营;2.乒乓球训练营 ;3. 剪纸(paper-cutting)学习夏令营。Jim来信希望你能给他推荐一个。请你给他回信，内容包括：1.你的建议; 2. 你的理由。
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四、其他应用文
4．（2021·上海闵行·统考二模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是李华，你们学校将为学生开设一系列微课程，每人可以选择其中的一项参加课程包括“文学欣赏”（Literature Appreciation）、“厨艺”（Cooking Skills）和“野外生存”（Wilderness Survival Skills）。你在英国留学的表哥Wilson很关心你这次课程的选择。请你写E-mail给他，说说你选择的结果，并简要谈谈你这样选择的理由。
5．（2021·上海闵行·二模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120 - 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你们学校拟给高三学生放三天假，各班可以自由安排。现有两个方案可以供同学们选择：
1、野外拓展训练 (outward bound training)；
2、在家自习功课。
假设你班班长正在征集意见，请你给班长发邮件，说明通过对两个方案的比较，你会选择哪一个，并简要说明你做出这个选择的理由。
6．（2021·上海闵行·统考一模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是李华。你们班级将要召开一次由全体家长和学生共同参加的家长会，为此正在征求本次家长会的主题和主要的活动。请你发邮件给班长，提出你设计的活动主题和主要活动安排，并简要说说主题和活动的意义。
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7．（2020·上海闵行·统考二模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是高三某班班长李华，7 月即将毕业，你正计划高考后在班级里开展一项离校公益活动---“绿色离校（Be a Green school-leaver）”旧书回收项目。请写一封倡议信给你们班级同学，信中必须包括：
该活动的目的和意义；
该活动的具体计划。
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8．（2020·上海闵行·统考一模）Directions: an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学的李华，你校外籍教师Chris将在文化周期间做一个有关西方艺术的讲座，现就讲座内容征求你校学生的意见。请给Chris写一封电子邮件，邮件必须包含以下内容
你喜欢的讲座话题（从音乐、美术、舞蹈、戏剧中任选其一）：
选择该话题的原因及关于该话题你感兴趣的内容；
希望从中有何收获。
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五、概要写作
9．（2022·上海闵行·统考一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Is Leather Good or Not
For thousands of years, humans have used leather to make everything from clothing to furniture to footwear. The skin of animals is a material that is strong, hard-wearing and flexible. These qualities make leather a popular material for many different products, but more people are becoming concerned about the potential harm caused by items they buy. Should we respect ancient traditions or is having real leather not as important as it used to be
The treatment of animals raised for their skins is a massive issue. According to the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), more than 2.29 billion cows, pigs and goats are killed each year for their hides. This does not include the animal skin of fancier leather products, such as sheep, crocodiles, kangaroos and lizards.
There’s also an environmental problem. Producing leather is a very polluting process, because it requires treating the skins with chemicals. During the procedure, called tanning, chemicals change the fibres (纤维) inside the leather, making it tougher. A tanning facility uses more than 60,000 litres of water for every tonne of leather produced. It uses huge amounts of poisonous chemicals, including substances containing heavy metals such as chromium, which when washed out ends up in nearby soil and drinking water that people use.
However, the making of leather is not entirely negative. Selling animal skin is a key source of income for remote populations such as the Inuit people in Canada. Every day, cows, pigs and goats are killed for their meat to be sold in supermarkets. It’s respectful not to waste anything, and without leather their skins would have to be buried or burned.
Although there are alternatives to leather, some of these fabrics are only 85% to 90% biodegradable (可生物降解的). Vegan leather can be made from plastics which take years to biodegrade, so it’s actually worse for the planet.
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10．（2022·上海闵行·统考二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Ever walked to the shops only to find, once there, you’ve completely forgotten what you went for Or struggled to remember the name of an old friend For years we’ve accepted that a forgetful brain is as much a part of aging as wrinkles and gray hair. But now a new book suggests that we’ve got it all wrong.
According to The Secret Life of the Grown-up Brain, by science writer Barbara Strauch, when it comes to the important things, our brains actually get better with age. In fact, she argues that some studies have found that our brain hits its peak between our 40s and 60s — much later than previously thought.
Furthermore, rather than losing many brain cells as we age, we keep them, and even produce new ones well into middle age. For years it’s been assumed that brain, much like the body, declines with age. But the longest, largest study into what happens to people as they age suggests otherwise.
This continuing research has followed 6,000 people since 1956, testing them every seven years. It has found that on average, participants performed better on cognitive tests in their 40s and 50s than they had done in their 20s. Specifically, older people did better on tests of vocabulary, verbal memory (how many words you can remember) and problem solving. Where they performed less well was number ability and perceptual speed — how fast you can push a button when ordered. However, with more complex tasks such as problem-solving and language, we are at our best at middle age and beyond. In short, researchers are now coming up with scientific proof that we do get wiser with age.
Neuroscientists are also finding that we are happier with aging. A recent US study found older people were much better at controlling and balancing their emotions. It is thought that when we’re younger we need to focus more on the negative aspects of life in order to learn about the possible dangers in the world, but as we get older we’ve learned our lessons and are aware that we have less time left in life: therefore, it becomes more important for us to be happy.
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11．（2021·上海闵行·统考一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Not setting homework can be impossible in certain situations. There are many arguments for homework, and most teachers would agree with many of the following: homework is a perfect opportunity to review what was done with the teacher, and rethink and develop that initial input; homework offers a moment for students to work as individuals and develop self-governance outside the classroom; students and parents expect homework to be set and graded. Nevertheless, the drawbacks homework may have are often overlooked.
There are two key issues which need to be raised when dealing with the concept of homework. Firstly, there is the question of home. Often homework is not done at home at all, but at a friend’s house, on the way back home or to class. Additionally, for it to be done effectively at home, homework often requires adults’ involvement. Parents aren’t always available, for some very valid reasons, and a tutor’s ability to aid and guide may be limited in many ways. The implications are unsettling: if homework is crucial to success in class, some children have an automatic disability.
If the idea of “home” can be problematic, so can the concept of “work”. Very often there is so much to do. Demand on their time means homework is usually something to get out of the way as fast as possible. It is not always seen as useful time spent strengthening what is done in class but, rather, as something quickly finished. It might be correct or not, copied from a friend or cut and pasted from the Internet, but the important thing is that a teacher sees the exercise completed and, as a result, the task achieved: how much effort went into that result is not always appreciated or easy to evaluate and, even when work clearly falls below standard, and the mere fact of its having been done is often good enough. Teacher and students are happy because everyone has officially fulfilled their commitment.
The ideal that students go home, review what they did with their teacher, use the great resources to put everything they have learnt in class into practice, doesn’t often happen with some students.
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12．（2021·上海闵行·统考二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point'(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
These days, its not unusual to see middle-aged men collecting Star Wars action figures，office workers wearing Hello Kitty accessories, or celebrities like David Beckham playing with Lego bricks, it's becoming more and more common to see adult taking an interest in toys, comic books and the activities that are traditionally associated with children. This phenomenon has given rise to a new word: kidult.
What lies behind the phenomenon One is about adults' nostalgia（怀旧）for the carefree days of childhood, and this is especially true with today's fast-paced, stressful lifestyles. Another is about a societal change in recent decades where people are starting families later. As a result, they have more time and money to spend on themselves. Some adults could only window-shop for their dream toys when they were kids, but now they can afford that radio-controlled car or high-priced doll they have always wanted.
Society traditionally disapproves of adults who refuse to put aside childhood interests, viewing the refusal as a sign of social immaturity （不成熟） and irresponsibility. Those who agree with this view sometimes claim that kidults are suffering from the pop-psychology concept known as Peter Pan Syndrome, an anomaly（异常）that people remain emotionally at the level of teenagers.
From the standpoint of kidults, though, this phenomenon is seen as nothing but harmless fun. Kidults insist that having youthful interests keeps them young, happy and creative, and their refusal to conform to society's acccptable tastes shows independent thinking. Besides, they argue that being part of the social trend of delayed adulthood is not purely a personal choice. The real causes include expensive housing, increased educational requirements for employment and poor work opportunities.
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13．（2021·上海闵行·二模）Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
There are various means consumers can do if they find that an item they bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer’s claims. A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the“higher up”his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer’s favor, assuming he or she has a just claim.
Consumers should complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter．
Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements. For example,“The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear”is better than“This stereo does not work.”The store manager may advice the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and firmly as possible. If a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go to a step further. She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumer’s rights.
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14．（2021·上海闵行·统考一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Perhaps you’ve heard the old saying “curiosity killed the cat.” It’s a phrase that’s often used to warn people, especially children, not to ask too many questions. Yet it’s widely agreed that curiosity actually makes learning more effective. In fact, research has shown that curiosity is just as important as intelligence in determining how well students do in school.
Curiosity can also lead us to make unexpected discoveriesand open up new possibilities. In science, basic curiosity-driven research can have unexpected important benefits. For example, one day in 1831, Michael Faraday was playing around with a coil (线圈) and a magnet (磁铁) when he suddenly saw how he could produce an electrical current. The discovery changed the world.
However, curiosity is currently under the biggest threat, coming from technology. On one level, this is because technology has become so advanced that many of us are unable to think too deeply about how exactly things work anymore.
In addition to this, there’s the fact that we all now connect so deeply with technology, particularly with our phones. The more we stare at our screens, the less we talk to other people directly. All too often we accept the images of people that social media provides up with. Then we feel we know enough about a person not to need to engage further with them.
The final—and perhaps most worrying—way in which technology stops us from asking more has to do with algorithms, the processes followed by computers. As we increasingly get our news via social media, algorithms find out what we like and push more of the same back to us. That means we end up inside our own little bubbles, no longer coming across new ideas. Perhaps the real key to developing curiosity in the 21st century, then, is to rely less on the tech tools of our age.
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15．（2020·上海闵行·统考二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Students who have used electronic cigarettes by the time they start ninth grade are more likely than others to start smoking traditional cigarettes and other tobacco products within the next year, according to a new study funded by the National Institutes of Health. Electronic cigarettes, or e-cigarettes, deliver nicotine to the lungs by heating a liquid solution that contains nicotine and other chemicals to produce a spray that the user takes in.
As part of a survey of substance use and mental health among high school students in Los Angeles, the study compared the start of tobacco use among 222 students who had used e- cigarettes, but not any other tobacco products, and 2,308 who had neither used e-cigarettes or any other tobacco products when initially surveyed at the start of ninth grade. The 2,530 students who initially reported never using tobacco underwent follow-up assessments after six and 12 months. Students were asked about lifetime and past six-month use of e-cigarettes or any other forms of tobacco products.
During the first six months after being surveyed, 30.7 percent of those who had used e- cigarettes started using tobacco products, such as cigarettes, and cigars, compared to only 8.1 percent of those who had never used e-cigarettes. Over the following six months leading into the start of 10th grade, 25.2 percent of e-cigarette users had used tobacco products, compared to just 9.3 percent of nonusers.
“While teen tobacco use has fallen in recent years, this study confirms that we should continue to closely watch teen smoking patterns,” said NIDA Director Nora D．Volkow, M.D．“Parents and teens should recognize that although e-cigarettes might not have the same harmful effects of regular cigarettes, they do carry a risk of addiction.”
“Recreational e-cigarette use is becoming increasingly popular among teens who have never smoked tobacco,” said Adam M. Leventhal, Ph.D．, the first author on the study. “While we cannot conclude that e-cigarette use directly leads to smoking, this research raises concerns that recent increases in youth e-cigarette use could ultimately lead to the spread of smoking- related illness."
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16．（2020·上海闵行·统考一模）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, “We’ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.” By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they’re building their children’s confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that’s insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents’ praise has put them.
Still, don’t go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like they’re not good enough or that you don’t care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.
So what is the right amount of praise Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. “We should especially recognize our children’s efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal,” says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. “One thing to remember is that it’s the process not the end product that matters.”
Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he’s out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate(相称的) to the amount of effort your child has put into it.
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试卷第2页，共3页
试卷第1页，共3页
参考答案：
1．Dear John,
I’m glad to hear that you’re coming to China as an exchange student. But what annoys you is that you can’t decide which family you will choose from to live with. In my opinion, living with Mr.Li’s family is a good choice.
First, there are only Mr. and Mrs. Li in Mr. Li’s family. They are retired, so they can offer you a comfortable and quiet surroundings to study. And even if you have some difficulty or puzzlement, I’m sure they have enough experience to share with you. Besides, they can make 3 meals on weekends and offer breakfast and supper from Monday to Friday, which guarantees your free time to do what you want to. What’s the most important is that it only needs you 10 minutes to walk to school, which is so convenient to go to school. Though there is not a separate bathroom for you, just avoiding the same time to use it is OK.
So there is no doubt that it is a good choice to live with Mr. Li’s family.
Your sincerely,
Friend
【分析】本文是应用文。要求考生给朋友John写一封关于哪个家庭适合他作为住宿家庭的建议信。
【详解】1.词汇积累
使烦恼：annoy→upset
提供：offer→provide
确保：guarantee→ensure
高兴的：glad→delighted
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
简单句：First, there are only Mr. and Mrs. Li in Mr. Li’s family. They are retired, so they can offer you a comfortable and quiet surroundings to study.
拓展句：First, there are only Mr. and Mrs. Li in Mr. Li’s family, who are retired, so they can offer you a comfortable and quiet surroundings to study.
【点睛】【高分句型1】But what annoys you is that you can’t decide which family you will choose from to live with.（由what引导的主语从句、that引导的表语从句和which引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】And even if you have some difficulty or puzzlement, I’m sure they have enough experience to share with you.（由even if 引导的让步状语从句和省略that引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型3】What’s the most important is that it only needs you 10 minutes to walk to school, which is so convenient to go to school. （由what引导的主语从句、that引导的表语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句）
2．Dear Students Union,
I’m Li Hua, a 16-year-old student in N.6 High School. Hearing that our school will organize some students to hold volunteer activities aiming to support a school in the remote area, I’m writing to apply to be a voluntary teacher and teach at the local school in this summer vacation. And the reasons why I choose it are as follows.
I love teaching and I’ve been dreaming to be an English teacher since I was young. So I will put great enthusiasm into teaching at this local school. Additionally, I have proficiency in both written and spoken English which you can tell from my academic performance, and thus I’m qualified to offer professional guidance to students there.
I do hope that you can consider my application so that I can make some contribution to the voluntary cause of our school and this remote school.
Best wishes!
Li Hua
【导语】本篇是一篇应用文，学生会正在招募志愿者，开展支援边远地区学校的志愿者活动，写一封申请信，表明自己申报志愿者的具体内容和原因。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
举办：hold→carry out
支援：support→assist
投入：put into→ devote to
考虑：consider→take……into consideration
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’m writing to apply to be a voluntary teacher and teach at the local school in this summer vacation.
拓展句：I’m writing to apply to be a voluntary teacher, who can teach at the local school in this summer vacation.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Hearing that our school will organize some students to hold volunteer activities aiming to support a school in the remote area, I’m writing to apply to be a voluntary teacher and teach at the local school in this summer vacation. (运用了非谓语现在分词结构)
[高分句型2] Additionally, I have proficiency in both written and spoken English which you can tell from my academic performance, and thus I’m qualified to offer professional guidance to students there.(运用了定语从句)
3．Dear Jim,
I am glad that you are going to take part in summer camps in China. Of the three themes, I suggest that you should choose to learn to play table tennis. My reasons are as follows.
In the beginning, it is easy to learn table tennis. Table tennis can help you build up your strength and make you become more energetic. What’s more, table tennis is popular among Chinese people. By participating in this table tennis training class, not only can you make some friends with the same interest but also you can get some professional guidance and improve your skills.
I hope you will enjoy your summer camp. I am looking forward to meeting you in China.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友吉姆回信，给他推荐一个夏令营活动主题，并介绍推荐理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：glad→pleased
参加：take part in→participate in
此外：what’s more→besides
希望：hope→wish
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：In the beginning, it is easy to learn table tennis. Table tennis can help you build up your strength and make you become more energetic.
拓展句：In the beginning, it is easy to learn table tennis which can help you build up your strength and make you become more energetic.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Of the three themes, I suggest that you should choose to learn to play table tennis.（运用了that引导宾语从句，从句使用虚拟语气）
【高分句型2】By participating in this table tennis training class, not only can you make some friends with the same interest but also you can get some professional guidance and improve your skills.（运用了not only置于句首，句子使用部分倒装结构）
4．Dear Wilson，
I have learnt that our school will be open new train courses to satisfy our needs, including Literature Appreciation, Cooking Skills and Wilderness Survival Skills. As for me, I won't hesitate to choose Wilderness Survival Skills.
Most projects of Wilderness Survival Skills are designed to improve the quality of people's psychology, to improve self-control ability of students to continually overcome the psychological fear, to challenge themselves, overcome themselves and shape the good will quality of calm, resolute, indomitable. In addition, Outward Bound can cultivate students’ sense of team work.
Obviously, Wilderness Survival Skills can achieve educational goals of psychological and social adaptation, which, for the long run, pays off and benefits us for a life-long term.
Yours
Li Hua
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给在英国留学的表哥Wilson写封信，介绍你对微课程的选择，说说结果，谈谈理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
满足：satisfy→ meet
目的是：be designed to → be intended to
不断地：continually → constantly
有益：benefit → be beneficial to
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Obviously, Wilderness Survival Skills can achieve educational goals of psychological and social adaptation, which, for the long run, pays off and benefits us for a life-long term.
拓展句：It is obvious that Wilderness Survival Skills can achieve educational goals of psychological and social adaptation, which, for the long run, pays off and benefits us for a life-long term.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I have learnt that our school will be open new train courses to satisfy our needs, including Literature Appreciation, Cooking Skills and Wilderness Survival Skills. (运用了宾语从句和不定式作目的状语)
[高分句型2] Obviously, Wilderness Survival Skills can achieve educational goals of psychological and social adaptation, which, for the long run, pays off and benefits us for a life-long term. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
5．Dear Monitor,
In my opinion, for the three-day holiday, we should do outward bound training. Here are my reasons.
First of all, our senior three life is very tense, during which time, our spirit has been very tight. At this time, we need to relax through outward bound training, which is very good for our college entrance examination. Secondly, after the college entrance examination, we have to go our separate ways, so there are fewer and fewer opportunities for students to do activities together. This outdoor training is one of the few opportunities. We should cherish the friendship between classmates, leaving good memories. Finally, our study has reached a sufficient level and we will soon face the college entrance examination. At the moment, outward bound training is conducive to the digestion and absorption of knowledge.
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给班长写封邮件，对高三学生放三天假的班级活动发表意见。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和现在完成时。
结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1.表明你的意向；
2.说出理由。
第二步：列提纲 （重点词组）
relax through outward bound training; go our separate ways; cherish the friendship; reach a sufficient level; conducive to the digestion and absorption of knowledge
第三步：连词成句
1.In my opinion, for the three-day holiday, we should do outward bound training.
2.First of all, our senior three life is very tense, during which time, our spirit has been very tight.
3.At this time, we need to relax through outward bound training, which is very good for our college entrance examination.
4.Secondly, after the college entrance examination, we have to go our separate ways, so there are fewer and fewer opportunities for students to do activities together.
5.We should cherish the friendship between classmates, leaving good memories.
6.Finally, our study has reached a sufficient level and we will soon face the college entrance examination.
7.At the moment, outward bound training is conducive to the digestion and absorption of knowledge.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Secondly, Finally
2.表因果关系：So
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【点睛】[高分句型1]First of all, our senior three life is very tense, during which time, our spirit has been very tight. （which引导的非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]We should cherish the friendship between classmates, leaving good memories. （现在分词作状语）
6．Dear monitor,
It’s almost the end of our high school years. I would like to call for a class meeting with the topic “For our dreams”. All the students and out teachers will take part in it. For one thing, the college entrance examination is coming and we will be apart, which may have a bad effect on our mind.
We will hold a warm discussion about our future life. Each of us speak at the meeting actively. Besides, we also will show our sincere thanks to our teachers. They have been devoting themselves to helping us in study and life. Teachers hope that we can still study hard in the future and come back to high school often. After the discussion, we will all decide to study hard as usual and hope that we all can do well in the college entrance examination.
Yours,
Li Hua
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给班长写封邮件，提出你设计的活动主题和主要活动安排，并简要说说主题和活动的意义。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
你们班级将要召开一次由全体家长和学生共同参加的家长会，为此正在征求本次家长会的主题和主要的活动。请你发邮件给班长，提出你设计的活动主题和主要活动安排，并简要说说主题和活动的意义。
第二步：列提纲（重点词组）
the end of; call for; take part in; college entrance examination; have a bad effect on; warm discussion; each of; sincere thanks; devote oneself to doing sth.; in the future; decide to; do well in;
第三步：连词成句
1.It’s almost the end of our high school years.
2. I would like to call for a class meeting with the topic “For our dreams”.
3. All the students and out teachers will take part in it.
4. For one thing, the college entrance examination is coming and we will be apart, which may have a bad effect on our mind.
5. We will hold a warm discussion about our future life.
6. Each of us speak at the meeting actively.
7. Besides, we also will show our sincere thanks to our teachers.
8. They have been devoting themselves to helping us in study and life.
9. Teachers hope that we can still study hard in the future and come back to high school often.
10. After the discussion, we will all decide to study hard as usual and hope that we all can do well in the college entrance examination.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second（供参考）
2.表并列补充关系：Besides
3.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result（供参考）
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【点睛】[高分句型1] For one thing, the college entrance examination is coming and we will be apart, which may have a bad effect on our mind. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Teachers hope that we can still study hard in the future and come back to high school often. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
7．One possible version：
Dear classmates,
As we all know, our life of high school is coming to an end. Feeling reluctant to part with you, I am planning to do something unforgettable and meaningful. As far as I’m concerned, every class of graduates leaves many used books when graduating from school, and some students even destroy them. It’s totally a waste of resources and may result in environmental pollution. Therefore I’m considering an activity called “Be a Green school-leaver”, which requires participants to collect and hand in used books firstly. After collecting these books, we will organize and sort them, which will finally be donated to those who are in need in rural poverty areas. As the monitor, I sincerely ask for your participating.
Don’t you want to create some memories while helping others and this world Let’s do this together!
Yours,
Li Hua
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封信，倡议同学们参与离校公益活动。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时和一般将来时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：1. 阐述倡议主题
2. 介绍活动相关：
1）活动目的和意义
2）活动具体计划
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
graduate；environment-friendly；college entrance exam；approach；activity；used books；public benefit；plan on
第三步：连词成句
1. The end of our final term in high school is approaching.
2. I am planning on a public benefit activity.
3. The activity is called Be a Green school-leaver.
4. The aim is to recycle those used books and donate them.
5. In this way we can help those who needs books and make our school life more meaningful.
6. Sincerely hope you can join me.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last
2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including,
3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that…
4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多主从复合句，如：Therefore I’m considering an activity called “Be a Green school-leaver”, which requires participants to collect and hand in used books firstly这句话运用了非限制性定语从句；使用了一些固定词组，如come to an end，result in，as far as I’m concerned等。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
8．Dear Chris,
I’m Lihua, a student from Class one, Grade three. I am very glad to hear that you will give us a lecture on the western art in the cultural week that will be held next week, and I do hope the lecture is about western drama, as I am very interested in western literature and art, and drama is the perfect combination of the two. As is known to all, a lot of famous literary classics are represented in a drama, such as the giant Shakespeare's "Hamlet", "Othello", "King Lear" and "Macbeth", all of which are excellent drama works. Although I have some knowledge of drama, I still want to have a deep understanding of it. In view of this reason, I hope you can give me a detailed explanation of the history of drama, including its origin, development and evolution.
I am looking forward to your excellent lecture
yours truly,
Lihua
【分析】本篇书面表达是应用文，要求写一封书信。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本文要求写一封电子邮件：假设你是明启中学的李华，你校外籍教师Chris将在文化周期间做一个有关西方艺术的讲座，现就讲座内容征求你校学生的意见。请给Chris写一封电子邮件，邮件必须包含以下内容： 你喜欢的讲座话题（从音乐、美术、舞蹈、戏剧中任选其一）： 选择该话题的原因及关于该话题你感兴趣的内容； 希望从中有何收获。时态应为一般现在时。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如； culture（文化），drama（戏剧），combination（结合），represent（体现），giant（文豪），detailed（详细的），literary classics （文学经典），origin（起源），development（发展）及evolution（演变）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持卷面的整洁美观。
【点睛】范文语言地道，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级词汇和句式，高级词汇有give sb a lecture（给某人做演讲），be interested in（对……感兴趣），have some knowledge of (对……有一些了解)，such as（例如），look forward to（期待），in view of（鉴于）以及have a deep understanding of（对……深入理解），而且还使用了非限定性定语从句“As is known to all, a lot of famous literary classics are represented in a drama, such as the giant Shakespeare's "Hamlet", "Othello", "King Lear" and "Macbeth", all of which are excellent drama works.”，宾语从句“I am very glad to hear that you will give us a lecture on the western art in the cultural week that will be held next week”及“I hope you can give me a detailed explanation of the history of drama, including its origin, development and evolution”，让步状语从句“Although I have some knowledge of drama, I still want to have a deep understanding of it.”，全文没有语法错误，上下句转换自然流畅。
9．People have used leather for various purposes for its unique qualities but concern about its potential harm and continuous employment is rising. Slaughter for animals’ skins on a large scale and the environmental problem caused by chemicals involved in the processing course are main issues. While, as a source of income for some people and with good biodegradability compared with alternatives, leather use is also positive.
【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了由于皮革的独特品质，人们将其用于各种用途，但对其潜在危害和持续使用的担忧日益增加。一些人认为与替代品相比，皮革具有良好的生物降解性，使用皮革也是积极的。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①For thousands of years, humans have used leather to make everything from clothing to furniture to footwear.
②but more people are becoming concerned about the potential harm caused by items they buy.
③The treatment of animals raised for their skins is a massive issue.
④This does not include the animal skin of fancier leather products, such as sheep, crocodiles, kangaroos and lizards.
⑤There’s also an environmental problem.
⑥The making of leather is not entirely negative.
⑦Selling animal skin is a key source of income for remote populations such as the Inuit people in Canada.
⑧Although there are alternatives to leather, some of these fabrics are only 85% to 90% biodegradable (可生物降解的)
2.缜密构思
将第1，2个要点进行整合，将第3、4、5三个要点进行整合，将第6，7，8个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Humans have used leather to make everything but care about its potential harm and continuous employment is rising.
The treatment of animals raised for their skins and the environmental problem are massive issues.
The making of leather is not entirely negative because it is a source of income for some people and with good biodegradability compared with alternatives.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Slaughter for animals’ skins on a large scale and the environmental problem caused by chemicals involved in the processing course are main issues. (运用非谓语动词对原文第二、三段进行了概括。)
[高分句型2] While, as a source of income for some people and with good biodegradability compared with alternatives, leather use is also positive.(用with复合结构作状语对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。)
10．Contrary to popular wisdom that our brain gets forgetful with age, it actually performs better, reaching its peak later than thought. Besides, new brain cells continue to be produced until middle age, contributing to its better performance with complex tasks, enabling us to handle complex tasks better. As we age, we value time more and manage our emotions better, thus becoming happier.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，人们普遍认为，随着年龄的增长，我们的大脑会变得健忘，与此相反，它实际上表现得更好，达到巅峰的时间比想象的要晚。此外，新的脑细胞会持续产生，直到中年，这有助于它更好地处理复杂的任务，使我们能够更好地处理复杂的任务。随着年龄的增长，我们更珍惜时间，更好地管理自己的情绪，从而变得更快乐。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①According to The Secret Life of the Grown-up Brain, by science writer Barbara Strauch, when it comes to the important things, our brains actually get better with age. In fact, she argues that some studies have found that our brain hits its peak between our 40s and 60s — much later than previously thought.
②Furthermore, rather than losing many brain cells as we age, we keep them, and even produce new ones well into middle age. However, with more complex tasks such as problem-solving and language, we are at our best at middle age and beyond. In short, researchers are now coming up with scientific proof that we do get wiser with age.
③Neuroscientists are also finding that we are happier with aging. A recent US study found older people were much better at controlling and balancing their emotions.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Contrary to popular wisdom that our brain gets forgetful with age, it actually performs better, reaching its peak later than thought.
Besides, new brain cells continue to be produced until middle age, contributing to its better performance with complex tasks, enabling us to handle complex tasks better.
As we age, we value time more and manage our emotions better, thus becoming happier.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Contrary to popular wisdom that our brain gets forgetful with age, it actually performs better, reaching its peak later than thought.运用同位语从句对原文第一段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] Besides, new brain cells continue to be produced until middle age, contributing to its better performance with complex tasks, enabling us to handle complex tasks better.运用了现在分词作状语对第三段、第四段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
11．Though many argue homework is necessary, its disadvantages may be neglected. First, homework is often done outside home and without guidance, it can’t be done effectively. Besides, the efforts put into homework are rarely appreciated or easy to assess, so everybody is happy when seeing it finished, regardless of the quality. Therefore, the expected/desired effects of homework are rarely achieved.
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了虽然许多人认为家庭作业是必要的，但它的缺点可能被忽略。文章进一步分析了布置家庭作业有哪些缺点。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①There are many arguments for homework, and most teachers would agree with many of the following.
②Nevertheless, the drawbacks homework may have are often overlooked.
③Firstly, there is the question of home. Often homework is not done at home at all, but at a friend’s house, on the way back home or to class.
④but the important thing is that a teacher sees the exercise completed and, as a result, the task achieved: how much effort went into that result is not always appreciated or easy to evaluate and, even when work clearly falls below standard, and the mere fact of its having been done is often good enough. Teacher and students are happy because everyone has officially fulfilled their commitment.
⑤The implications are unsettling: if homework is crucial to success in class, some children have an automatic disability.
2.缜密构思
第1、2两个要点构成转折关系，第3、4两个要点是并列关系，分别陈述了两个不同的缺点，第5个要点进行总结，与上文形成因果关系
3.遣词造句
Though many argue homework is necessary, its disadvantages may be neglected.
homework is often done outside home and without guidance, it can’t be done effectively.
the efforts put into homework are rarely appreciated or easy to assess, so everybody is happy when seeing it finished, regardless of the quality.
the expected/desired effects of homework are rarely achieved.
【点睛】[高分句型1]
Though many argue homework is necessary, its disadvantages may be neglected.（though引导让步状语从句）
[高分句型2]
Besides, the efforts put into homework are rarely appreciated or easy to assess, so everybody is happy when seeing it finished, regardless of the quality.（put into为过去分词作后置定语，when引导的时间状语从句使用了省略句）
12．Kidults refer to adults who take up childhood interests. The growing phenomenon can be explained by their desire to recapture childhood pleasures and their ability to afford them because of delayed marriage. Though traditionally considered immature and irresponsible, kidults believe this harmless behavior, which benefits the individuals and shows their independent thinking, is due largely to social factors.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，童心未泯的成人指的是那些和童年时一样有兴趣的成年人。这种日益增长的现象可以解释为，他们渴望重获童年的快乐，而由于推迟结婚，这使他们有能力负担得起自己想要的玩具。虽然传统上被认为是不成熟和不负责任的，但童心未泯的成人认为这种无害的行为，有利于个人和显示他们的独立思考，这种现象很大程度上是由社会因素引起的。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①These days, its not unusual to see middle-aged men collecting Star Wars action figures，office workers wearing Hello Kitty accessories, or celebrities like David Beckham playing with Lego bricks, it's becoming more and more common to see adult taking an interest in toys, comic books and the activities that are traditionally associated with children.
②This phenomenon has given rise to a new word: kidult.
③One is about adults' nostalgia（怀旧）for the carefree days of childhood, and this is especially true with today's fast-paced, stressful lifestyles.
④Another is about a societal change in recent decades where people are starting families later.
⑤Society traditionally disapproves of adults who refuse to put aside childhood interests, viewing the refusal as a sign of social immaturity （不成熟） and irresponsibility.
⑥From the standpoint of kidults, though, this phenomenon is seen as nothing but harmless fun.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4和5、6几个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Kidults refer to adults who take up childhood interests.
The growing phenomenon can be explained by their desire to recapture childhood pleasures and their ability to afford them because of delayed marriage.
Though traditionally considered immature and irresponsible kidults believe this harmless behavior, which benefits the individuals and shows their independent thinking, is due largely to social factors.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Kidults refer to adults who take up childhood interests.这句话运用关系代词who引导的定语从句。
[高分句型2]：Though traditionally considered immature and irresponsible, kidults believe this harmless behavior, which benefits the individuals and shows their independent thinking, is due largely to social factors. 这句话运用关系代词which引导的非限定性定语从句。
13．There are many ways for consumers to protect their rights when they buy the unsatisfactory goods. First, they can complain directly to a high-rank person for an immediately settlement. Secondly, they can make a face-to-face complaint, which is more effective than phone complaint. Thirdly, complain politely but firmly. Fourthly, consumers should provide specific information of the faulty team. Finally, consumers can take legal actions if a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述当顾客买到不满意的商品时，可以采取的一些措施来保护自己的权利。
【详解】符合概要写作的常规思路：
第一句总结文章的中心思想。用到句型有:when引导的时间状语从句等。接下来从5点阐述了保护消费者权利的方法，用到的词汇或句型有：make a face-to-face complaint，take legal actions，achieve the desired result等。
文中which is more effective than phone complaint为非限制性定语从句，使文章更缜密。
文章结构上用first，secondly， thirdly… 来解释要点，使文中结构更加清晰，概括全面，结构严谨。
【点睛】
14．Curiosity determines one’s academic performance and can lead to new discoveries. However, technology seriously endangers curiosity . It prevents people from thinking deeply and engaging with each other . Worst of all, it keeps feeding us what it thinks we like instead of exposing us to new ideas. Therefore, to develop curiosity, we need to rely less on technology. (57 words)
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了好奇心在人们学习新知识和发现新事物方面的促进作用，并指出现代技术的日益发达对人们好奇心的消极影响。
【详解】1 要点摘录①Curiosity is just as important as intelligence in determining how well students do in school.
②Technology has become so advanced that many of us are unable to think too deeply about how exactly things work anymore.
③Then we feel we know enough about a person not to need to engage further with them.
④As we increasingly get our news via social media, algorithms find out what we like and push more of the same back to us.
⑤Perhaps the real key to developing curiosity in the 21st century, then, is to rely less on the tech tools of our age.
2.缜密构思： 将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合，将第5个要点作为总结。
3.遣词造句
①Curiosity determines one’s academic performance and can lead to new discoveries.
②Technology prevents people from thinking deeply and engaging with each other .
③Technology keeps feeding us what it thinks we like instead of exposing us to new ideas.
④We need to rely less on technology.
【点睛】[高分句型1] It prevents people from thinking deeply and engaging with each other . 运用一个简单句对原文第三段和第四段进行了概括。其中prevent sb. from doing sth.这个固定短语的运用显得很高级。thinking和engaging两个动名词作from的宾语。
[高分句型2] Worst of all, it keeps feeding us what it thinks we like instead of exposing us to new ideas. 用一个复杂的主从复合句概括了第五段内容。其中what引导宾语从句、固定短语instead of和expose sb. to sth.的使用非常巧妙。
15．As indicated in a new study, early exposure to e-cigarettes may trigger tobacco smoking in teens.( 要点一) Comparison of tobacco use initiation between students with e-cigarettes experiences and those nonusers has been made, the result of which reveals a significant increase of smoking tendency in the former. (要点二、三) With the prevalence of e-cigarettes, it’s worth paying attention to teens’ smoking patterns and considering the detrimental effects possibly exerted by e-cigarettes. (要点四)
【分析】阅读短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
【详解】阅读短文，可以将每个段落的大意梳理出来，然后依据篇章结构整理成内容概要，注意控制好字数：
第一段作为文章首段，首先引出了文章的主题：电子烟的使用可能导致青少年更早接触传统香烟和其他烟草产品。这在内容概要中是一定要点出来的。可以简写为：According to a new study,students who have used electronic cigarettes are more likely to start smoking traditional cigarettes.
第二段和第三段罗列出了实验设计和两次实验的数据，显示在两个对照组中，使用过电子烟的学生在半年内使用其他香烟产品的百分比远大于那些没有电子烟使用经历的学生，用来佐证首段中提出的结论。可以简写为：The survey showed there is a significant increase of smoking tendency among students who has e-cigarettes experiences compared with those nonusers.
第四段和第五段都是引用权威人士的话，提醒青少年和他们的父母认清电子烟带来的潜在风险，提醒人们提高对于这一现象的重视。可以简写为：People should pay attention to teens’ smoking patterns and considering the detrimental effects possibly exerted by e-cigarettes.
16．Parents tend to go to extremes when it comes to praising their kids. (要点一) Yet, both too much and too little praise can be equally damaging. (要点二) When giving praise, parents should be sincere and concentrate on the process instead of the result. (要点三) Similarly, they ought to give praise for how much effort their kids have invested in the work they’re involved in. (要点四)
【分析】本次浙江高考书面表达采用了概要写作题型。概要写作是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁，考查的是学生在实现自由的思维表达之前，对他人的信息在理解的基础上进行概括表达的能力。选材上，提供一篇350词以内的短文，题材不限，要求考生写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。
【详解】完成一篇概要写作，需要经过三个步骤，
1. 读懂原文，抓住段落主题句。在阅读过程中，需要准确把握文章的段落大意，学会剔除非重要信息，弄清楚不同体裁的文章的内部逻辑关系以及文章的篇章结构。
2. 组织语言，转换表达。在找到主题句明确全文中心的基础上，组织好语言，注重语言表达的独立性和准确性以及高级性，不全盘照抄原文句子，尽量用自己的语言转换表达，同时要注意篇幅的比例安排，用较多的文字去表达重要的内容。
3. 通读全文，逻辑连贯。要牢记各段落要点之间的逻辑关系和自然衔接，用恰当的关联词去连贯全文。
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