上海市杨浦区四年（2020-2023）高考英语模拟试题分题型分层-写作（含解析）

上海市杨浦区四年（2020-2023）高考英语模拟试题分题型分层-写作
一、建议信
1．（2022·上海杨浦·统考二模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假如你是明启中学的学生李明，学生会将要举办英语演讲比赛，正在征求学生意见。请你根据下表中的比赛方案，向学生会写封邮件，指明需要改善的地方并提出改进建议与理由。
英语演讲比赛
主题 My Dream
时长 2分钟
提交方式 发送视频到电子邮箱speechcontest@
评奖方式 校园网上师生投票评奖
参赛截止日期 本月底前
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2．（2021·上海杨浦·统考一模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
学校即将举办“科技节”，组委会初步确定了3幅图片用作宣传海报，目前正广泛征集学生意见。假设你是该校学生李华，决定给组委会写一封信，推荐其中1幅图片。你的信需包含以下内容：
1、简要描述你推荐的图片。
2、阐述使用此图片宣传“科技节”理由。
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2
3
To the Organizing Committee,
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Sincerely
Li Hua
3．（2020·上海杨浦·统考二模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学学生张华，你的朋友李明来信。在信中他提到他母亲不论在旅游时还是在生活中，总是未经许可就把他的照片发到微信朋友圈（WeChat Moments),这让他十分烦恼。请你写一封回信，给李明提一些具体的建议并说明理由。
二、申请信
4．（2023·上海杨浦·统考一模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学学生李华，你校英语广播站计划在每周五中午开设名为“Talk and Talk”的栏目，目前正在招募主持人。请给广播站负责人 Mr. Li写一封信，应聘这一岗位。信中需包含以下内容：
1)应聘的理由;
2)专栏内容的策划。
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三、告知信/通知
5．（2022·上海杨浦·统考二模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学张华，你收到好友王磊的邮件，邀请你在暑假期间一起参与志愿者活动。邮件中含有关于志愿者岗位的相关信息(见下表)。写一封回信，告诉他你的选择及理由。
工作场所 工作职责 工作时间
动物收容中心 喂食、洗澡、遛狗、清扫 周一至周五 18:00 -19:00
老年活动中心 介绍智能产品的功能； 教授如何下载和使用应用程序 周六或周日 8:00 – 11:00
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四、其他应用文
6．（2021·上海杨浦·复旦附中校考模拟预测）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
疫情防控期间，越来越多的人尝试了网上买菜软件 (online grocery app)，有些人觉得这些软件给生活带来了便利，平台上的各种优惠券也很有吸引力，另一些人觉得这些便利助长了用户的惰性，而且也会导致用户运动量减少，你的家庭有没有使用过上述app？你觉得用这些app买菜，是利大于弊还是弊大于利？请结合生活实例展开论述
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7．（2021·上海杨浦·统考二模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
你是明启中学高三学生李华，你的好友王磊因疫情导致留学英国的计划受到影响。他打算在间隔年（gap year）期间，去作志愿者或国内旅游，积累生活阅历。但是王磊父母不支持他的决定。请你写一封邮件给王磊，分享你的看法并说明理由。
注：间隔年常指升学或毕业之后工作之前，做一次长期的旅行、实习或作志愿者工作。
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五、图表作文
8．（2022·上海杨浦·统考三模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
国际经合组织（OECD）对 600,000 名青少年就生活中最令他们担忧的事情进行了调查，结果如下图。请联系自身实际，谈谈最让令你担忧的事情及原因。
六、图画作文
9．（2021·上海杨浦·二模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
请根据下面的图片，结合你个人的经历，谈谈你的想法。
七、开放性作文
10．（2021·上海杨浦·统考一模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
红星中学为了创建文明校园，促进和谐社会，举办题为 “Conflict Management” 的征文比赛。假定你是李林，请给校报投稿，你的文章需包括：
1）你亲身经历的最严重或令你最难忘的冲突；
2）你对处理冲突的反思或从中学到的经验教训。
11．（2020·上海杨浦·统考一模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120 -150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
请简要描述图片，并结合生活实际（自身或他人的例子），谈谈你对于“舒适圈”的看法。
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八、概要写作
12．（2023·上海杨浦·统考一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Should Hand Feeding Dolphins Be Encouraged
Some tourist centers train Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins to approach beachside public sighting areas or boats by hand-feeding them small amounts of fish every day. Because hand-fed males aggressively attack each other over the food, putting themselves and nearby humans in danger, tourist centers focus their hand feeding only on female dolphins, says Valerie Senigaglia at Murdoch University in Perth, Australia
But recent studies have shown that only 38% of the calves (崽) of hand-fed wild dolphins survive to three years of age, which is much lower than the average 77% survival rate for wild calves in general. To better understand why, Senigaglia and her colleagues evaluated the social behavior of dolphins around the Bunbury coast in Western Australia. In particular, they observed the individual behavior and movement of 35 dolphins, including 13 that had been hand-fed using a small boat. They regularly followed each dolphin for periods lasting from 20 minutes to 3 hours for two years in a row for a total of 180 hours.
They found that hand-fed dolphins swam in relatively large groups, but more readily broke away from them to join different ones. In general, they created weak ties with other group members. “You can feel lonely in a room full of people and it’s the same thing for dolphins,” says Senigaglia. Free-swimming dolphins that are fed by hand become less socially involved with their peers. As a result, their calves may grow up lacking vital social skills-which could explain, at least in part, why they are twice as likely to die before reaching adulthood as wild calves generally.
No wonder animal right activists are calling on the practice of hand-feeding dolphins to be stopped.
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13．（2022·上海杨浦·统考二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Hugging’s Evolutionary Origins
After long stretches of social isolation, many of us are longing for the warmth of a hug. Degges-White, a professor focused on social relationships, says that our need for a hug goes all the way back to the survival of our species. When we’re born, we can’t care for ourselves and we need to be comfortable with being held in order to survive. We’re rewarded with a rush of feel-good hormones that come from a nice embrace.
When we hug, our brains release the oxytocin hormone, making us feel connected. This connection and sense of community has an important evolutionary role because for humans, the security of our small groups and later communities was crucial to survival. Close contact helped build civilization. We may not know what we are getting from greeting our friends and family with a hug; we just enjoy it. It isn’t until those experiences are taken away that we feel pain and sadness. An elbow bump or air greeting are not enough. Research published in the journal Psychological Science has shown that hugging has a “stress cushioning” effect that may even protect us from chronic illness and infections.
When children don’t experience healthy touch, it can impact their development. Kids who didn’t grow up being held, miss out on that sense of safety and protection. They may act out or isolate themselves from those around them. In some cases, the opposite may also be true. Some children may show too much affection, eager for any form of positive attention that they didn’t get at home.
Still, to hug or not to hug That’s the question right now. According to Degges-White, if you’re both vaccinated, go for it; research has shown that the risk of transmission is extremely low. And if you’re vaccinated but you don’t know for sure whether the person you’re hugging has also been vaccinated, it’s still most likely safe.
14．（2022·上海杨浦·统考三模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
A Brief Introduction of Cryptocurrency
In 2008, someone, or perhaps a group of people, using the name Satoshi Nakamoto published a paper to an online group that discussed cryptography (密码学). That paper described a process that would use cryptography to create a secure electronic cash system, now known as a cryptocurrency (加密货币). Person to person payments could be made online using a shared network of computers instead of a bank or other financial institutions. Each transaction could happen very quickly. The shared network of computers would also serve as the means to verify(核实) those transactions safely. Getting rid of the need for a centralized banking system would open up the possibility for anyone to become part of the digital economy.
The software behind cryptocurrency is open source, which means anyone can use the original code to create their own version. Today, there are well over a thousand different cryptocurrencies. Unfortunately, their becoming the global payment systems are held back by problems affecting the entire cryptocurrency industry. One issue is weak security on cryptocurrency websites where users either store their electronic cash in virtual “wallets” or exchange one kind of electronic cash for another. In recent years, clever thieves have broken into many of these websites and stolen electronic cash. The websites are struggling to protect their users from such thefts.
Another problem is the large number of fake cryptocurrencies that are advertised on the internet. The advertisements invite internet users to visit websites offering new cryptocurrencies. Many visitors are persuaded by the websites to buy their cryptocurrencies using actual money. Later, the websites disappear along with the victims’ money. In response to this problem, companies like Facebook and Google are limiting cryptocurrency advertising on their websites.
15．（2022·上海杨浦·统考二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Gothic or Helvetica Fonts Matter
In a crowded marketplace, many mainstream consumer brands have placed more focus on fonts(字体) as a crucial part of their marketing.
When Southwest Airlines upgraded its brand in 2014, it changed its font and logo as part of the project. The company wanted to create the image of an airline that cared about customer loyalty — one that had heart. So, Southwest changed its all-caps Helvetica font to a thicker, custom-made (定制的) Southwest Sans font that included lowercase letters. It also added a tricolor (三色的) heart to the logo. All these changes were meant to convey a softer, friendlier tone.
A survey of Southwest customers showed that 95 percent found the new identity appealing. “We’ve definitely seen an increase in bookings and brand momentum (品牌动力),” said Helen at Southwest Airlines. “We’re in a very competitive category and we’re trying to avoid that sameness.”
The right fonts can help brands stand out in a competitive market. However, they need to know whom they are targeting and what they want to say. Monster Beverage is a good example. The eye-catching logo and colors connected with fans of sports, who were exactly its target customers. Now Monster’s logo remains valuable and recognizable.
Legacy companies are sometimes nervous about making changes, but they risk making no progress if they don’t. When the clothing retailer Gap changed its spire-like font to Helvetica, customers pushed back hard. “The new logo lost all the personality the original mark had acquired over the years,” said Matt See, senior art director. “And it was rolled out without explanation. It felt like no thought was put into it.”
Experts recommended that companies conduct surveys before making a change to their logos. Done right, fonts allow brands to show their human side and personality, which can connect with consumers emotionally.
16．（2022·上海杨浦·统考二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
A New Wave of Migration
As the sea extends steadily inland in countries such as Bangladesh and as decreasing rains put already marginal farmland out of play in Ethiopia and other places, a wave of migration caused by the changing climate is taking shape on the horizon.
But most “climate migrants” will not be heading abroad to start new lives; instead they will settle elsewhere in their home countries. A report released this week declares that if nothing is done to control global warming and factor migration into development planning, by mid-century this internal population shift could involve more than 140 million people in three regions examined: sub-Saharan Africa, south Asia and Latin America. “Climate change is already a driver of internal migration, and it will become more so in the future,” says John Roome, senior director of Climate change at The World Bank Group.
The potential for such an increase in area consisting of 55 percent of the developing world’s population raises questions of environmental justice because those who have contributed the least to global warming are forced to shoulder more of the burden. It is necessary for developed countries like the U.S. to step up, says Maria Cristina Garcia, a professor of American Studies at Cornell University. Developed countries can help by both working to limit greenhouse gas emissions and funding efforts to help developing nations plan for climate migration challenges.
The study of climate migration is still relatively new, and projections of just how many people might be driven from their homes as the world warms are hard to pin down. Some people will need to migrate despite any measures that might be taken —but “this doesn’t have to be a crisis” Roome says. Properly managed migration could even bring more economic opportunities to some poor communities. But planning needs to start now.
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17．（2021·上海杨浦·复旦附中校考模拟预测）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Life On Venus
Cats Make for Ideal Human Companions
Cats have a reputation for being colder and less cuddly (令人想拥抱的) than their counterparts—dogs. In reality, they form close bonds with their owners and provide a sense of companionship, particularly for women. In fact, the findings of one Austrian study show that owning a cat is the emotional equivalent of being in a romantic relationship.
Some people feel silly talking to their pets, since, of course, they can’t respond. But interacting with your feline (猫科的) companions has proven health benefits. Not only does talking to your cat improve your bond, but it’s also said to be beneficial to your mental health by helping to improve your mood, lower your stress levels, and reduce our feelings of loneliness.
Cats are experts at sleeping, so it’s perhaps no surprise that they can help improve your sleep, too. A Mayo Clinic study found that people who slept with their pets in the same room were almost twice as likely to get a good night’s rest, with only 20 percent saying that they found their pets’ presence destructive.
Cats may not be able to help with the housekeeping, but they can assist in keeping your house free of mice. It turns out there’s some truth behind the cartoon cat-and-mouse chase. When mice smell certain proteins in cat saliva (唾液), they become tearful and therefore avoid the area.
It’s important for children to learn to care for and look after a living thing, just as their parents take care of them. Cats can help children develop social skills as they learn to approach the feline carefully and gently. Looking after a cat also encourages a sense of responsibility.
In addition to filling your heart with love, cats can contribute to keeping your heart healthy. Numerous studies have shown that owning a cat can help reduce your blood pressure and heart rate, as well as lowering your triglyceride (甘油三酸酯) and cholesterol levels, thereby reducing your risk of having a heart attack or stroke.
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18．（2021·上海杨浦·统考一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Filling up on Information
People now have access to more information than ever before thanks to the Internet. While there are clearly benefits to it, there are also unintended consequences. One in particular is information overload, commonly referred to as “infobesity.” As the name suggests, it involves consuming an unhealthy amount of information.
Infobesity comes in a number of different forms and affects people in a variety of ways. Business people, for example, may struggle to make decisions when faced with a huge amount of information. For younger people, infobesity is often linked to their use of social media. Young people may be bombed with messages from various social media apps. Furthermore, they may feel the urge to constantly check their phones so as not to miss out on anything. Even online shoppers are affected. With so much information and so many choices available, even the simplest purchase can cause a great deal of stress and anxiety.
Infobesity also has a negative effect on how long our attention lasts. According to a study by Microsoft, the average Canadian now spends less than 10 seconds digesting a piece of media before they move on to something new. This data raises concerns that our ability to pay attention to things will continue to decline as this information overload increases.
So, what can be done to prevent the effects of this condition While there is no easy answer, one obvious step is to limit our sources of information. Try to only focus on things that really matter to you and on just one thing at a time. Taking a break from your cellphone can also help reduce your stress. And who knows Since technology got us into this mess in the first place, perhaps it will also present solutions in the future.
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19．（2021·上海杨浦·统考二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Filter（过滤） Bubbles
In our digital age, whether we realize it or not, we’re all becoming trapped in “filter bubbles”— invisible, mental cages built from our prejudices and desire for comfort.
We create this trap by doing things like exposing ourselves to politically-biased （有偏见的）news and entertainment or surrounding ourselves with like-minded friends. Digital algorithms（算法）enhance our problem by learning what we like and filling our social media with opinion— supporting content. The result is a personalized daily environment that filters out contrary points of view. Media algorithms are intensifying our tendency to self-isolate by strengthening the false view that our opinions are obviously true and moral.
We become fooled into believing that our opinions about complex issues are unquestionable. Meanwhile, the filter bubbles of those who disagree with us mislead them in the same way. This partial view of reality weakens our thinking, strains（伤害）our relationships and divides our societies. How can two people have a respectful, open-minded discussion when they both believe that only a stupid or dishonest person would disagree with them
To get along with family, friends and fellow citizens, we must burst our filter bubbles. We can do this by cultivating meaningful relationships with people who think differently from us. This lets us experience the reality that people who believe “bad” things can be just as good and as intelligent as we are.
We can also receive balanced information by consuming news and entertainment from across the political and ideological scale. Determining right from wrong is complicated. Living outside of our filter bubbles is less comfortable and takes effort, but the personal, relational and societal benefits are rich.
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20．（2021·上海杨浦·二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
For thousands of years, people have sailed across the oceans to trade, explore, and transport goods. However, not every ship arrives at its port of destination. Weather, war, navigation mistakes, and bad luck have caused many ships to sink to the bottom of the ocean. These shipwrecks, which are estimated to number more than three million, have long fascinated us. In addition to being historically important, they sometimes contain great riches.
Historical research is a key motivator for shipwreck hunters. Ships carrying documents and artifacts can teach us about ancient civilizations and important events. For instance, in 1977 the Pandora, which sank in 791, was discovered off the coast of Australia. The findings from the ship helped us understand the events surrounding the famous mutiny(暴动) on another ship -- the Bounty. Another important discovery off the US coast in 1996 is widely believed to be the Queen Ann's Revenge, the flagship of the private Blackbeard.
Profit is another motive for shipwreck exploration, as companies use advanced sonar, robots, and retrieval equipment to find treasure ships. One such firm is Odyssey Marine Exploration. The company has found hundreds of ships, including, in 2007, a Spanish sailing ship containing 500,000 silver coins. The ship, which sank 200 years ago in the Atlantic Ocean, carried a treasure estimated to be worth $500 million. Soon after the discovery, a long legal battle over ownership rights took place between the company and the Spanish government. Cases like these are part of an ongoing debate about protecting historically important ships from treasure hunters.
21．（2021·上海杨浦·统考一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
What Is Zero Waste
The goal of the “zero waste” movement is to get rid of all waste from products. “Zero waste” means using every part of a product. Today, the zero waste idea can be found everywhere from food to fashion.
Creating a zero waste restaurant is a challenge. It is very difficult to use every part of produce and leave nothing behind. Creating a soup from unused ingredients is a popular way to use up extra food items. Other ways are more advanced. Some restaurants use coffee grounds（咖啡渣）to flavor dishes. Some cooks also crush shrimp shells and reuse them in sauces. While it’s challenging, zero waste restaurants appear to be on the rise.
In the fashion industry, zero waste isn’t a new idea. But in today’s world of fast fashion, zero waste is growing more popular. Usually, cutting cloth creates lots of waste. In zero waste fashion, designers try to avoid this. One way to do so is by adding these extra pieces of cloth to the final design. Another way is to design clothing without wasteful cuts.
Beyond restaurants and fashion, there are many other possibilities for zero waste products. All restaurants need utensils（器皿）. Bakey’s is a company that is developing edible（可食用的）utensils. After using them, you can eat them! Their spoons are made of flour and come in all kinds of flavors. While these spoons are not hard enough to cut meat, they are perfect for rice dishes. Meanwhile, Air New Zealand is experimenting with edible coffee cups that are made by the company Twice. They have already introduced a line of flavored cups. After you finish your coffee, you eat the cup, just like a cookie!
Whether products are made to be edible or reusable, hopefully the movement will help reduce waste all over the world.
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22．（2020·上海杨浦·统考二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Building a Greener Future
Year after year, Earth's precious resources are becoming increasingly scarce. Still people need materials to build new houses, office buildings and schools. There's only one solution to this problem: do more with less. That's what sustainable construction is all about. Advocates of sustainable construction believe the entire building process can be done without harming the environment, and by doing so, the earth is kept sustainable for future generations. To make these green buildings possible, however, the process must be implemented from the beginning.
Picture a city government that wants to build a green office building. The first thing these city planners would do is select a site with a small environmental impact. Ideally, they would choose a site that had already been developed, thus keeping the forests and grasslands protected.
Next, city planners would turn their attention toward the construction process. Only green materials could be used to build their office towers. These include wood, steel, and other materials that have been recycled from destroyed buildings. If possible, they have been manufactured, recovered, or resourced locally. The closer that these green materials are to the construction site, the less energy is wasted getting them to where they're needed.
Maintenance costs are the next important factors that need to be considered. City planners would design heating and cooling systems that use as little energy as possible. They would fit solar roof panels that will absorb the heat from the sun to power the building. Toilets and sinks designed to minimize water waste would be fitted throughout the building. These efficiencies don't just help to protect the environment; they can save money over the long run as well.
After all this was finished, the city planners would relax and maybe even throw a party. They have designed a building that was green at every step--the golden rule of sustainable construction.
23．（2020·上海杨浦·统考一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
The Psychology of Spending
Dr. Thomas Gilovich, psychology professor at Cornell University, has studied the psychology of spending for over 20 years. According to Dr. Gilovich，“We buy things to make us happy, and we succeed, but only for a while. New things are exciting to us at first, but then we adapt to them.” In other words，once the freshness of our newest purchase wears off, we begin looking for something else to buy to make us happy.
Dr. Gilovich found that our satisfaction with possessions fades over time. Yet our happiness over things we've experienced increases. For that reason, he has concluded that we are spending our money on the wrong things. A study out of San Francisco State University agrees. The researeh showed that those people who spent money on experiences instead of possessions were happier. They also thought their money was better invested.
To begin with, activities like a trip, adventure, hobby, etc. tend to bring the participants together and unite them over a shared interest. According to Gilovich, “We consume experiences directly with other people.” As a result, these experiences typically create a positive link and good feelings toward the other person or people.
Besides, your experience shows others who you are and what you are. For example, you might be someone who loves taking cooking classes. More than likely, you'll become known by friends and family as a great cook. They won't know you as someone who owns the latest kitchen equipment.
Lastly, planned experiences are frequently something we look forward to. Then when the moment arrives, if we enjoy the time involved in the activity, we're left with fond memories. These memories will often last a lifetime. Even our worst trips, on many occasions, are later remembered with laughter.
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试卷第2页，共3页
试卷第1页，共3页
参考答案：
1．Dear Students’ Union,
My name is Li Ming, a student of our Mingqi Middle School. I’m more than happy to give you some advice on the following English speech.
First, I think the theme of the speech should be My Dream, which is what we students should think over for our future now. Besides, the content ought to be limited in 2 minutes so that it will not be too long to be uploaded to speechcontest@. And all the teachers and students can vote conveniently on the campus network. What’s the most important is that the deadline should be made before the end of this month, because we will be busy preparing for our final exam next month.
Hope my suggestions can be of great help to you.
Yours,
Li Ming
【导语】本文是应用文。要求考生给学生会写封邮件，指明将要举办的英语演讲比赛需要改善的地方并提出改进建议与理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
非常：more than→very
高兴：happy→glad
建议：advice→suggestion
此外：Besides→what’s more
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：My name is Li Ming, a student of our Mingqi Middle School.
拓展句：My name is Li Ming, who is a student of our Mingqi Middle School.
【点睛】【高分句型1】First, I think the theme of the speech should be My Dream, which is what we students should think over for our future now.（由省略连词that引导的宾语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】Besides, the content ought to be limited in 2 minutes so that it will not be too long to be uploaded to speechcontest@.（由so that引导的目的状语从句）
【高分句型3】What’s the most important is that the deadline should be made before the end of this month, because we will be busy preparing for our final exam next month.（由what引导的主语从句，that引导的表语从句和because引导的原因状语从句）
2．To the Organizing Committee,
I’m happy to hear that our school will hold Science and Technology Festival. As for the three posters you have chosen, I think the first one is the most suitable for us.
You know we are students who haven’t known much about science and technology. So we must be inspired to be interested in it. In the first picture, there are three middle school students, and they are doing experiments. We are of the same age, so what they are doing can give us much encouragement to get close to science and technology. Besides, on the desk in front of them are many kinds of experimental equipment, which are so attractive to us that we want to have a try immediately. So, in my opinion, the first poster is the best one.
Sincerely
Li Hua
【分析】本文是应用文。要求考生给“科技节”组委会写信，选出一张海报宣传科技节。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：delighted→happy
此外：what’s more/furthermore→besides
各种各样：many sorts of→many kinds of
有吸引力的：appealing→attractive
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
简单句：In the first picture, there are three middle school students, and they are doing experiments.
拓展句：In the first picture, there are three middle school students, who are doing experiments.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m happy to hear that our school will hold Science and Technology Festival.（由that引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】You know we are students who haven’t known much about science and technology. （由省略连词that引导的宾语从句和who引导的定语从句）
【高分句型3】We are of the same age, so what they are doing can give us much encouragement to get close to science and technology. （由what引导的主语从句）
【高分句型4】Besides, on the desk in front of them are many kinds of experimental equipment, which are so attractive to us that we want to have a try immediately. （由on the desk位于句首的倒装句、which引导的非限制性定语从句和so…that…引导的结果状语从句）
3．Dear Li Ming，
Thank you for your email and I think you should not worry about this matter too much. You mentioned that your mother would post your photos on WeChat Moments without your permission. However, you did not tell me what exactly annoys you.
In my opinion, whatever the reason is, you should try to communicate with your mother. Tell her about your feelings and you should be able to work this out together. For example, if you feel insecure about having your pictures shared, you can kindly ask her to post those photos after speaking to you. As teenagers, it is normal to feel upset when your parents are doing something you do not like. The key to the issue is always communication.
That's all. Please let me know if you have further questions. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Zhang Hua
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封回信，就李明的烦恼，给李明提一些具体的建议并说明理由。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：1. 说明写信目的：提建议
2. 具体内容：
1）建议与妈妈交流
2）要求妈妈在征求你的意见后在传照片
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
worry about；without your permission；in my opinion；communicate with；be able to； for example；ask sb. to do
第三步：连词成句
1. Thank you for your email and I think you should not worry about this matter too much.
2. You mentioned that your mother would post your photos on WeChat Moments without your permission.
3. You did not tell me what exactly annoys you.
4. Whatever the reason is, you should try to communicate with your mother.
5. Tell her about your feelings and you should be able to work this out together.
6. If you feel insecure about having your pictures shared, you can kindly ask her to post those photos after speaking to you.
7. As teenagers, it is normal to feel upset when your parents are doing something you do not like.
8. The key to the issue is always communication.
9. Please let me know if you have further questions.
10. Looking forward to your reply.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last
2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including,
3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that…
4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多主从复合句，如：However, you did not tell me what exactly annoys you.这句话运用了what引导的名词性从句，In my opinion, whatever the reason is, you should try to communicate with your mother.这句话运用了whatever引导的让步状语从句；使用了一些固定词组，如worry about；without your permission；in my opinion；communicate with；be able to；for example；ask sb. to do 等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
4．Dear Mr. Li,
　I noticed in today’s school newspaper that you were looking for people to be a host of the program named “Talk and Talk”. So I’m writing to say I’d like to apply the position. Here is a brief introduction of myself.
　　First of all, I am an outgoing person with strong cooperation ability. Secondly, I am very good at English. I can speak fluent spoken English. Finally, and I think this is the most important point, I have relevant experience as a presenter, which will greatly assist me in this position.
Of course, I have my own ideas about “Talk and Talk”. In my opinion, we can invite and interview some excellent students to set a good example for students.
Sincerely, if this position is offered to me, I will devote all my wisdom and efforts to it. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给校英语广播站写一封申请信，应聘“Talk and Talk”的栏目的主持人。信中包括以下内容：应聘的理由；专栏内容的策划。
【详解】1.词汇积累
首先：first of all→first and foremost
此外：secondly→ what’s more
我认为：I think→as far as I am concerned
喜欢：sincerely→ genuinely
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Of course, I have my own ideas about “Talk and Talk”. In my opinion, we can invite and interview some excellent students to set a good example for students.
拓展句：Of course, I have my own ideas about “Talk and Talk” that we can invite and interview some excellent students to set a good example for students.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I noticed in today’s school newspaper that you were looking for people to be a host of the program named “Talk and Talk”.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】 I have relevant experience as a presenter, which will greatly assist me in this position.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
5．Dear Wang Lei,
I’m happy to receive your email. Thanks for your recommendation and invitation. I already made my choice.
I think the animal care center fits me well, because I’m an absolute pet lover. I always want to have my own pet, but unfortunately my parents don’t allow it. So, this is a precious opportunity for me to enjoy living with pets. I can feed, bath, walk dogs and cats as well as do the cleaning for them and I’m sure I can complete these tasks much better than others. Also, I’m available from 6 p.m. to 7 p.m. at weekdays.
How about you What is your pick Please let me know and I can’t wait to see my cute kitties and doggies.
Yours,
Zhang Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于普通书信。好友王磊邀请在暑假期间一起参与志愿者活动，要求考生给他回信，告诉他自己的选择及理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
收到：receive → get
选择：choice → pick
不幸地：unfortunately → unluckily
机会：opportunity → chance
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：So, this is a precious opportunity for me to enjoy living with pets.
拓展句：So, this is a precious opportunity for me where I can enjoy living with pets.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I think the animal care center fits me well, because I’m an absolute pet lover. (运用了省略连接词的宾语从句和because引导原因状语从句)
[高分句型2] I can feed, bath, walk dogs and cats as well as do the cleaning for them and I’m sure I can complete these tasks much better than others.(运用了省略连接词that的宾语从句)
6．
More and more people are using online grocery apps during the epidemic and it has become an important way to buy vegetables. However, online shopping has both advantages and disadvantages.
The advantages of these online grocery apps are quite obvious. First of all, it's convenient to buy vegetables online because we can surf the internet at any time anywhere; Besides. There is no doubt that coupons on the platform are also appealing. However, its disadvantages can’t be ignored. Staring at the screen is harmful to our eyes. Worse still, we don’t have many opportunities to go out, which can also cause us to exercise less.
As for me, I think its advantages overweigh its disadvantages. Just click on the screen and I can get the fresh vegetables timely, which brings great convenience to my life.I have been using this online grocery app for over two years. It is of great help to me.
【分析】本篇书面表达属于议论文，要求考生介绍网上买菜软件的利与弊，并给出自己的观点。
【详解】1.词汇积累
方便的：advantageous → convenient
吸引人的：attractive → appealing
更糟糕的是：what’s worse→ worse still,
首先：first→ first of all
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：More and more people are using online grocery apps during the epidemic and it has become an important way to buy vegetables.
拓展句：More and more people are using online grocery apps during the epidemic which has become an important way to buy vegetables.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Worse still, we don’t have many opportunities to go out, which can also cause us to exercise less.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】As for me, I think its advantages overweigh its disadvantages.（运用了省略that的宾语从句）
7．Dear Wang Lei,
I hear that you plan to do some volunteer work or travel around the country during your gap year. But your parents don't support your decision.
I support your idea. The Gap Year will benefit us in many ways. Gap year is a good buffer to the graduates. We are students in school and severely lack experience of being out of school, and we have no idea how would it be if we enter the society without enough preparations. The gap year will help us make a sound choice of career.
No matter how you spend your gap year on travelling or volunteering, you will have special experience. You will learn how to socialize, and have the mind opened. You will grow up as an independent, confident, caring and matured person, which will help you to do better in job in the future.
Yours,
Li Hua
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给好友王磊写一封邮件，分享关于间隔年（gap year）期间该不该出去发表自己的看法并说明理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
支持：support → in favor of
缺乏：lack sth.→ be lack of sth.
足够的：enough → adequate
不知道：have no idea = don’t know
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
合并简单句
原句：The Gap Year will benefit us in many ways. Gap year is a good buffer to the graduates.
拓展句：The Gap Year which is a good buffer to the graduates will benefit us in many ways.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I hear that you plan to do some volunteer work or travel around the country during your gap year. (运用了宾语从句)
[高分句型2] You will grow up as an independent, confident, caring and matured person, which will help you to do better in job in the future. (运用了which引导的非限定性定语从句)
8．The ORGANISATION for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) asked 600,000 teenagers what worried them most about their lives.
It turns out that forty percent of the students in their academic assignments feel pressure; thirty percent of the students on their relationship with their parents feel a little nervous; twenty-five percent of the students in their own image more care about, giving them some confusion.The remaining five percent of the students feel anxious and concerned about other things.
As far as I am concerned, sometimes the problems that make me worry are mainly in study. It makes me feel anxious and confused and sometimes helpless. Maybe because of a failure in an exam, I will be in a bad mood. To improve their psychological quality, I think we students should be better improved. I think we should get more help from parents and teachers.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于图表类作文。要求考生针对国际经合组织（OECD）对 600,000 名青少年就生活中最令他们担忧的事情进行调查的结果，联系自身实际，谈谈最让令你担忧的事情及原因。
【详解】1.词汇积累
压力：pressure→ stress
担心：be concerned about→ be worried about
就我而言：as far as I am concerned → personally speaking
无助的：helpless→ unassisted
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句： Maybe because of a failure in an exam, I will be in a bad mood .
拓展句： It is maybe because of a failure in an exam thatI will be in a bad mood.
【点睛】【高分句型1】twenty-five percent of the students in their own image more care about, giving them some confusion.（运用了非谓语动词中的现在分词作伴随状语。）
【高分句型2】As far as I am concerned, sometimes the problems that make me worry are mainly in study.（运用了连词that引导的限制性定语从句。）
9．Held in four hands are four irregular shaped jigsaws, with some parts sticking out and some cut off. But when pieced together, they constitute a flawless and crackless square. The image above embodies what is referred to as cooperation and win-win situation, the significance of which, from where stand, cannot be overrated.
Indeed, it is through working collaboratively that we can get a clear picture of our virtues and drawbacks. Once my learning group was assigned a presentation task covering three sections. We had planned to work on each section separately, but during the rehearsal phase problems like computer illiteracy, lack of fluency popped out. Only then were we aware that the duties could have been allocated based on what each member exceled at.
As social beings, we can hardly exist alone in society. United we stand, divided we fail.
【分析】本篇书面表达属于图画作文，根据下面的图片，结合个人的经历，谈谈自己的想法。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：图画作文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般过去时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1. 对图片的简单描述；
2. 对个人经历的具体描写；
3. 你当时的感受或想法。
第二步：列提纲 （重点词组）
stick out; cut off; be referred to as; plan to; work on; lack of; base on
第三步：连词成句
1. Held in four hands are four irregular shaped jigsaws, with some parts sticking out and some cut off.
2. The image above embodies what is referred to as cooperation and win-win situation, the significance of which, from where stand, cannot be overrated.
3. We had planned to work on each section separately, but during the rehearsal phase problems like computer illiteracy, lack of fluency popped out.
4. Only then were we aware that the duties could have been allocated based on what each member exceled at.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）（供参考）
1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last
2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including,
3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although +clause(从句), In spite of +n/doing, On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that…
4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【点睛】[高分句型1] The image above embodies what is referred to as cooperation and win-win situation, the significance of which, from where stand, cannot be overrated.这句话运用了宾语从句和定语从句。
[高分句型2] Indeed, it is through working collaboratively that we can get a clear picture of our virtues and drawbacks. 这句话运用了it is … that…强调句。
[高分句型3] Only then were we aware that the duties could have been allocated based on what each member exceled at. 这句话运用了Only位于句首的部分倒装结构。
10． As the saying goes “where there are people, there are rivers and lakes as well”, conflict is inevitable.
Two months ago, arguing with my parents seemed natural. My arrogance, as well as my rebelliousness, was constantly represented by me, so my loving mother and father had to stop smiling at me and began to crack down on me. I went from being a little afraid to ignoring my parents, and with that came a growing conflict. The moment I stepped out of the house, I felt the urge to say goodbye forever. A gust of autumn wind blew, and I seemed to calm a lot. I was the one who started the conflict. My parents did nothing wrong. The endless arguments kept the conflict going every time it ended. It was I who reignited the conflict.
After that I came to realize conflict is a natural part of life, and that it is an opportunity to create a better understanding.
【分析】本篇书面表达属于夹叙夹议文，要求考生给给校报投稿，参加学校举办的题为 “Conflict Management” 的征文比赛。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：夹叙夹议文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般过去时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：1. 介绍你亲身经历的最严重或令你最难忘的冲突；2. 你对处理冲突的反思或从中学到的经验教训。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
as the saying goes;arguing with; as well as; crack down on me; keep doing; an opportunity to do
第三步：连词成句
1.Two months ago, arguing with my parents seemed natural.
2.My arrogance, as well as my rebelliousness, was constantly represented by me, so my loving mother and father had to stop smiling at me and began to crack down on me.
3.I went from being a little afraid to ignoring my parents, and with that came a growing conflict.
4.The moment I stepped out of the house, I felt the urge to say goodbye forever.
5.A gust of autumn wind blew, and I seemed to calm a lot.
6.I was the one who started the conflict.
7.My parents did nothing wrong.
8.The endless arguments kept the conflict going every time it ended.
9.It was I who reignited the conflict.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）（供参考）
1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last
2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including
3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that…
4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，
【点睛】[高分句型1]I was the one who started the conflict. （我是开始冲突的那个人。）运用了定语从句。
[高分句型2]It was I who reignited the conflict.（是我再次引发冲突。）运用了强调句。
[高分句型3]with that came a growing conflict. （随之而来的是一场日益激烈的冲突。）运用了倒装句。
11．Nowadays, many people like to stay in their comfort zone, where there are people and things they are familiar with, and all these can make them feel at ease, helping them gain confidence and satisfaction, However, I think although being stuck in the comfort zone can help us avoid unnecessary challenges, over time, we will have a sense of fear about the world outside the comfort zone, and even find it difficult to adapt to the outside world full of competition, for example, some students lack social skills because they are always stuck in their comfort zone and refuse to make changes, so I think that as young people, we should pick up our courage and bravely jump out of our comfort zone and accept new challenges. Only in this way can we stimulate our potential and create miracles in life.
【分析】本篇书面表达是开放性作文，要求谈谈对“舒适圈”得看法。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本文要求谈谈对“舒适圈”的看法：请简要描述图片，并结合生活实际（自身或他人的例子），谈谈你对于“舒适圈”的看法，时态应为一般现在时。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如； comfort zone（舒适圈），confidence（自信），satisfaction（满足），challenges（挑战）， stimulate（激发），miracle（奇迹）及potential（潜能）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持卷面的整洁美观。
【点睛】范文语言地道，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级词汇和句式，高级词汇有at ease（安逸），be familiar with（熟悉），jump out of(跳出)，fear about （对……感到恐惧），be stuck in（固守于），adapt to（适应）以及pick up（拾起），而且还使用了非限定性定语从句“Nowadays, many people like to stay in their comfort zone, where there are people and things they are familiar with,”，宾语从句“so I think that as young people, we should pick up our courage and bravely jump out of our comfort zone and accept new challenges.”，形式宾语“over time, we will have a sense of fear about the world outside the comfort zone, and even find it difficult to adapt to the outside world full of competition,”，倒装句“Only in this way can we stimulate our potential and create miracles in life.”，非谓语动词“all these can make them feel at ease, helping them gain confidence and satisfaction,”，全文没有语法错误，上下句转换自然流畅。
12．Reference
Hand-feeding dolphins is practised at some tourist centers. However, studies have found it leads to greater risk of their calves’ premature death. By following the dolphins’ behavior for two years, researchers concluded it was because hand-feeding made dolphins have weaker social ties, causing their calves to lack social skills. Therefore, animal activists are appealing for a ban on the practice. (60)
Dolphins are hand-fed in some tourist centers, However, studies show the survival rate of hand-fed dolphins’ calves is half that of wild dolphins’ calves. By observing their social behaviors, researchers find hand-fed dolphins’ weak social ties lead to their calves’ lack of social skills, which partly explain their greater possibility of death. Therefore, hand feeding dolphins should be discouraged. (60 words)
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论是否应该人工喂养海豚的问题。研究发现，人工喂养增加小海豚过早死亡的风险。通过对海豚的行为进行两年的跟踪，研究人员得出结论，这是因为人工喂养使海豚的社会关系变弱，导致它们的幼崽缺乏社交技能。因此，动物保护主义者呼吁禁止这种做法。
【详解】1. 要点摘录
①Some tourist centers train Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins to approach beachside public sighting areas or boats by hand-feeding them small amounts of fish every day.
②But recent studies have shown that only 38% of the calves (崽) of hand-fed wild dolphins survive to three years of age, which is much lower than the average 77% survival rate for wild calves in general.
③In particular, they observed the individual behavior and movement of 35 dolphins, including 13 that had been hand-fed using a small boat. They regularly followed each dolphin for periods lasting from 20 minutes to 3 hours for two years in a row for a total of 180 hours.
④As a result, their calves may grow up lacking vital social skills-which could explain, at least in part, why they are twice as likely to die before reaching adulthood as wild calves generally.
⑤No wonder animal right activists are calling on the practice of hand-feeding dolphins to be stopped.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2、5三个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Hand-feeding dolphins is practised at some tourist centers. However, studies have found it leads to greater risk of their calves’ premature death. By following the dolphins’ behavior for two years, researchers concluded it was because hand-feeding made dolphins have weaker social ties, causing their calves to lack social skills. Animal activists are appealing for a ban on the practice.
【点睛】[高分句型1]However, studies have found it leads to greater risk of their calves’ premature death.（运用了省略了that的宾语从句）
[高分句型2]：By following the dolphins’ behavior for two years, researchers concluded it was because hand-feeding made dolphins have weaker social ties, causing their calves to lack social skills.（运用了动名词作宾语，省略了that的宾语从句，because引导的表语从句，现在分词作状语）
13．Hugging has an evolutionary origin. First, new-borns need hugging to survive, for it makes them feel comfortable. Besides, hugging means close contact, which helped to build civilization. When people hug, they feel more bonded. Additionally, hugging helps people feel less stressed and its absence can affect kids’ development negatively. Therefore, hugging is recommended for people who are vaccinated.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，拥抱有进化的起源。首先，新生儿需要拥抱才能生存，因为这会让他们感到舒适。此外，拥抱意味着亲密接触，这有助于建立文明。当人们拥抱时，他们会感觉更亲密。此外，拥抱有助于减轻人们的压力，它的缺失会对孩子的发展产生负面影响。因此，建议接种疫苗的人拥抱。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Degges-White, a professor focused on social relationships, says that our need for a hug goes all the way back to the survival of our species. When we’re born, we can’t care for ourselves and we need to be comfortable with being held in order to survive.
②When we hug, our brains release the oxytocin hormone, making us feel connected. Close contact helped build civilization.
③Research published in the journal Psychological Science has shown that hugging has a “stress cushioning” effect that may even protect us from chronic illness and infections.
④Still, to hug or not to hug That’s the question right now. According to Degges-White, if you’re both vaccinated, go for it; research has shown that the risk of transmission is extremely low.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Hugging has an evolutionary origin. First, new-borns need hugging to survive, for it makes them feel comfortable.
Besides, hugging means close contact, which helped to build civilization. When people hug, they feel more bonded.
Additionally, hugging helps people feel less stressed and its absence can affect kids’ development negatively.
Therefore, hugging is recommended for people who are vaccinated.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Besides, hugging means close contact, which helped to build civilization.运用非限制性定语从句对原文第二段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] Therefore, hugging is recommended for people who are vaccinated.用who引导定语从句对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
14．Cryptocurrency is an electronic cash system created through a process using cryptography. It enables fast online transaction and removes the need for financial institutions. However, the cryptocurrency industry is facing serious challenges. Weak security means the websites and the users are subjected to thefts. Besides, fake cryptocurrency cheats people of real money, so many companies are restricting cryptocurrency advertising. (59)
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，加密货币是一种通过使用密码学的过程创建的电子现金系统。它可以实现快速的在线交易，并消除了对金融机构的需求。然而，加密货币行业正面临严峻挑战。薄弱的安全性意味着网站和用户容易遭受盗窃。此外，虚假加密货币欺骗人们的真钱，所以许多公司限制加密货币广告。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①In 2008, someone, or perhaps a group of people, using the name Satoshi Nakamoto published a paper to an online group that discussed cryptography (密码学).
②That paper described a process that would use cryptography to create a secure electronic cash system, now known as a cryptocurrency (加密货币).
③Person to person payments could be made online using a shared network of computers instead of a bank or other financial institutions. Each transaction could happen very quickly.
④Unfortunately, their becoming the global payment systems are held back by problems affecting the entire cryptocurrency industry.
⑤One issue i