上海市崇明区三年（2020-2022）高考英语模拟试题分题型分层-写作（含答案）
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| 名称 | 上海市崇明区三年（2020-2022）高考英语模拟试题分题型分层-写作（含答案） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2023-04-12 17:29:46 | ||
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上海市崇明区三年（2020-2022）高考英语模拟试题分题型分层-写作
一、建议信
1．（2022·上海崇明·上海市崇明中学统考一模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是中华中学高三学生徐晶，校团委为了帮助高三学生缓解学习压力，拟利用本月最后一个星期五下午开展一个高三年级减压活动，目前正在向全年级同学征求活动意见。你给校团委王老师写一封邮件，内容须包括：
你的建议；
你的理由。
注：文中不得提及你的真实姓名或学校。
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2．（2022·上海崇明·统考二模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是中华中学的高三学生徐晶，最近，学校拟定了今年高三毕业典礼方案的讨论稿如下，并公布在了校园网，征求师生意见。你看到后很想发表你的意见，写一封邮件给负责的王老师，内容须包括：
你认为方案中需要改进的地方及改进建议；
你的理由。
中华中学2022届高三毕业典礼方案（讨论稿） 时间：2022年7月25日（星期一） 地点：学校小礼堂 参与对象：全体高三教师与学生、学校校级领导 典礼内容：高三教师代表发言、高三学生代表发言、颁发毕业证书
注：文中不得提及你的真实姓名或学校。
3．（2021·上海崇明·统考一模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是中华中学的高三学生李方，你的表弟Rob是美国华裔，生在长在美国，今年也将高中毕业，最近在考虑留在美国读大学还是到中国来读大学。前几天他写了封电子邮件给你，询问你的意见。给Rob回一封邮件，在邮件中你必须：
1.就他该留在美国读大学还是到中国来读大学表达你的意见；
2.比较两种选择，陈述你的理由。
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4．（2021·上海崇明·统考二模）Directions：Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
中华中学为了建设书香校园，计划在教学楼道内设计一些“读书角”。为此，学校向广大师生征求意见。假设你是该校学生王宏，给负责的张老师写一封电子邮件，提出你的建议与理由。你的邮件应包括：
对“读书角”的内容、布置、管理等的建议。
说明这些建议的理由。
注：文中不得提及你的真实姓名或学校。
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5．（2021·上海崇明·二模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
某电视台计划推出一个新的电视综艺节目（variety programme），但为了更好地迎合观众的需求，该电视台向观众广泛征求意见。假设你是观众陈方，写一封电子邮件给该电视台的负责人王先生，表达你对新的电视综艺节目的建议，并陈述你的理由。邮件内容应包括：
1. 综艺节目的名字、针对的观众群体、主要内容及形式等；
2. 提出这些建议的理由。
注：邮件中不得提及你的真实姓名或学校。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
二、申请信
6．（2021·上海·统考一模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是中华中学的环保社团团长王敏，为了提升学校师生的环保意识，你打算在学校运动会期间，开展一次“减塑”社团活动，倡导全校师生减少塑料污染。为此，你向校长写一封申请信，内容包括：
社团活动的主题、目的、时间、地点等；
需要学校给予的支持。
注：文中不得提及你的真实姓名或学校。
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三、开放性作文
7．（2020·上海崇明·统考二模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
在新冠病毒疫情期间，各校都在通过网络进行线上教学。中华中学在学校网站的贴吧里，就如何提高线上学习的有效性开展了大讨论。假设你是该校学生王平，有意在贴吧中发表你的观点，你所写的内容应包括：
学生该怎么做及其理由；
你期望老师怎么做及其理由。
注：文中不得提及你的真实姓名或学校。
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四、概要写作
8．（2022·上海崇明·上海市崇明中学统考一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Chatbots
What if instead of clicking on link after link on a company’s website, you could type a question and get an immediate, customized answer Some companies are working to make this a reality using chatbots. Chatbots are computer programs that can communicate with human beings by phone, on messaging apps or on websites.
There are two types of chatbots: open and closed. A closed chatbot follows a script, which may or may not involve using AI (artificial intelligence) to understand users’ messages. An open chatbot uses AI both to figure out what users want and to generate responses. Open chatbots are able to learn from their conversations and thus improve their ability to communicate over time. This means that open chatbots can respond to a wider range of inquiries, compared with closed municating with them feels more natural, but if they have not been correctly trained, users may have a bad experience with them.
One significant advantage of chatbots is that they are available all the time, even in the middle of the night. Plus, a single chatbot can cater to multiple users at once. This means that users can get immediate answers to their questions rather than waiting for a human representative. Chatbots have the potential to overcome several technological problems people face. These include difficulty in searching websites and trouble finding basic information and answers to simple questions.
However, in order for chatbots to work, humans are still indispensable (不可或缺的). Someone has to program the chatbots initially, train them, and maintain and improve the chatbot system. Further, even open chatbots may not have the answers to detailed questions, and many people simply prefer speaking to a human rather than a chatbot. Thus, chatbots are unlikely to completely replace human agents. Rather, they will help users resolve simple problems so that customer service representatives can focus on more difficult issues.
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9．（2022·上海崇明·统考二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Building Trust in Virtual Environments
Research into the science behind human communication tells us that up to 90 percent of what we tell one another is nonverbal. It’s the countless eye, facial and body movements we flash one another that help us understand someone’s intention and determine if we should trust them.
The challenge we all face is figuring out ways to build trust in virtual environments. Sure, we have some interactions on videoconferences, but the physical cues (暗示) we’ve become accustomed to reacting to are restricted and masked. This is forcing us to develop new ways to trust one another. Good leaders are working to engineer those opportunities to build trust in their now virtual teams.
There are lessons we can learn from global multinational companies that have figured out how to make virtual relationships work over the past few decades. If you have vital business partners, or even employees working overseas, you have, at best, limited opportunities to meet them in person. What these companies have learned is that actions speak louder than words, and people base a simple analysis of trustworthiness on delivering on commitments. People that do are trustworthy; people that don’t aren’t.
When you hire virtual workers and get a new virtual team member, there is the question of whether someone has the background and experience they claim to have. That means we all need to lean on tools and techniques to help certify (证实) someone’s background. Some companies have built talent databases in which people can search their teammates and confirm their impressive backgrounds. Knowing that you are working with a certified superstar builds trust.
Finding ways to get someone to prove their trustworthiness by doing what they say they will and backing up their claims of experience will go a long way in helping you adapt to the new reality that we work in.
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10．（2021·上海崇明·统考一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Is Small Talk Necessary
What’s the first thing you do when you enter a crowded room You probably look around for a familiar face. When you can’t find one, you have two choices: you can stand alone, or you can walk up and speak to someone that you don’t know.
Starting a conversation with a stranger, though, is often uncomfortable and can be a little scary. Yet as you go through life, you’re sure to encounter strangers in many different situations, when a need to connect with others will hopefully outweigh your fears. In order to prepare, it helps to learn the art of small talk.
Small talk is the beginning stage of a casual conversation, which usually takes place between strangers or casual acquaintances. With small talk, two or more people search for common interests and points of connection. If one is discovered, the conversation usually begins to flow more naturally, often resulting in deeper discussion.
Mastering a few techniques will allow you to enter a room full of strangers with confidence.
When you walk up to a group, notice anyone trying to make eye contact with you because this is often a sign that the person is interested in talking. Begin by introducing yourself, and then, you should begin with one of three topics: talk about yourself, the other person or something you can both observe, like the weather.
Another way to begin a conversation is with a compliment. Your praise of someone’s scarf might lead to a discussion about favorite places to shop.
Radio host Terry Gross, who has interviewed thousands of people over the years, says one opening request works for her every time: “Tell me about yourself.” This approach gets the ball rolling because people enjoy talking about themselves.
Though small talk takes practice, it’s worth the effort and it’s the stimulus that can lead to deeper conversations.
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11．（2021·上海崇明·统考二模）Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Robotic Exoskeletons
Thanks to robotic exoskeletons, victims of spinal cord（脊髓）injury have a new reason to hope. Robotic exoskeletons, consisting of metal legs, motors, batteries, wiring, a controller and a set of strips work together like the user’s bones, muscles and nerves-outside the body. Fastened into an exoskeleton and supported by sticks, users can direct the machinery to take them where they want to go.
In addition to partly restoring mobility, robotic exoskeletons offer the significant mental and physical health benefits of standing up and moving. Just being able to get up from a wheelchair gives patients a more natural, positive view of the world. It also helps relieve pressure on patients’ skin and reduces the danger of pressure sores. Standing upright strengthens a disabled person’s muscles and bones, improves heart health，and reduces certain other health complications（并发症）. And it may actually result in partial nerve repair, something that can only happen when a patient is able to move.
As promising as this technology is, however, it is no simple cure-all for paralysis（瘫痪）or its complications. The motion is not accurate compared with natural walking, and exoskeletons are not easy to use, especially on surfaces that are not smooth. They are very expensive, costing about US$100000. Health insurance plans and government programs may not cover the cost of buying one.
Nevertheless, robotic exoskeletons，and access to them, will continue to improve. As with much modern technology, robotic exoskeletons will likely become more capable and easy to use, even as their cost goes down. Governments and insurers may increasingly see that the health benefits of these walking machines outweigh the costs, making it easier to fund them. Perhaps the day will come when nearly everyone paralyzed by spinal cord injury will be able to “walk” again.
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12．（2021·上海崇明·二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Fun Offices Make Workers Happier
In order to make their employees happier, companies around the world have been busy installing play equipment in the workplace. Table football, computer games and action figures have become common in some workplaces.
Despite all this effort, unfortunately, work still makes people unhappy. According to a study by the London School of Economics, the place where people feel most miserable is work.
To proceed with an emphasis on being happy, however, other emotions are crowded out. Anger, sadness, anxiety and uncertainty all become a no-no. Such a ban on negative emotions can be emotionally bad for employees. A number of studies have shown that being able to express a range of positive and negative emotions is important, particularly when people are dealing with difficult experiences.
Besides, being constantly on the lookout for happiness may actually drive happiness away from us. Scientists have found that when we talk about how important happiness is, we become less likely to find it, even when we have experiences that usually make us happy.
Wanting to be happy at work is fair enough, but being forced to be happy at work can be troubling. If companies were genuinely interested in making their employees happy, they would perhaps look at some more “down-to-earth” interventions (务实的干预). A simple step would be to stop interrupting workers with all sorts of pointless demands such as long emails and unnecessary forms. A study by Harvard Business School found workers felt most satisfied on days when they were able to focus on a piece of work and make meaningful progress on it.
In short, if companies really want to make their employees happier, they should think long and hard before pointless restructuring.
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13．（2021·上海·统考一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Train Your Brain
When was the last time something important slipped your mind Fortunately, memory can be improved. People’s ability to remember has less to do with natural talent than it does with training and practice.
When students want to prepare for a test, they often try to study by simply reading over the material again, copying notes, etc. But these methods of remembering are not always effective. People remember more when they actively engage with the material they are learning rather than passively receiving it. One great way to do this is to test yourself on the e up with questions about the topic, and try to answer them without looking at your notes. It also helps to try to engage with the material in different ways. For example, you could write your own outline or study guide. The more you use the information, the more likely you are to remember it.
My music instructor said that it’s better to practice for five minutes a day, seven days a week, than for two hours on one day. The same goes for remembering information. The more you spread out the time you spend reviewing information, the more likely you are to remember it.
A psychologist, Hermann Ebbinghaus, made an important discovery about memory and forgetting. He found that people tend to forget information in a regular pattern. They forget the most information shortly after learning it. The rate at which they forget then slows down over time. Every time the person reviews the information, it causes them to forget less of it—which means they remember more. So it is essential to review things you want to remember shortly after learning them. Over time, you can review them less and less frequently.
Applying these strategies will help improve your memory so that you can access everything you learn whenever you need it.
14．（2020·上海崇明·统考二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
The Role of Humility at Work
There are many qualities that leaders must develop if they wish to have a meaningful impact in the workplace. But among these many important qualities, the value of humility seems to be frequently overlooked. Part of this is due to common misconceptions about what it means to be humble.
Humility tends to be overlooked in the workplace because it is frequently misinterpreted as a “weak” quality. We have been led to believe that people who are humble are easily bulldozed (欺负) by others and aren’t willing to stick up for themselves. Many define humility as having a low opinion of oneself. While this may be one widely accepted view of humility today, it is actually a far cry from the true meaning of the word—and the way it should be applied in leadership. Humility isn’t about being passive and weak. It’s about showing respect to others and recognizing truth in all situations, including in the workplace.
A humble professional sounds like the type of person that most of us would prefer to interact with on a daily basis. It is the type of person that can become a truly effective leader. “Humble leaders must be willing to evaluate criticism to determine if it’s valid or not,” said Christopher Ferry, founder of Boca Recovery Center. “The best leaders are willing to admit when they are wrong and view mistakes as learning opportunities so they can turn them into something transformative. In all my work developing the leadership skills of managers, if I could give them any quality with a magic stick, it would be humility.”
Though humility is often underrated by world at large, it’s essential if you want to be successful as a leader, not just at work but in life. Reject your idea to boast or lift yourself above anyone and decide to be at the service of others.
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试卷第2页，共3页
试卷第1页，共3页
参考答案：
1．Dear Mr. Wang,
I am very glad to hear that our school is going to carry out an activity to help students relieve stress. I am writing to offer my advice.
I suggest that a fun game for all Senior Three students should be held on the school playground. Various sports games, fun and exciting, will attract lots of participation, among which Riding Pigs, Mud Wrestling and Chinese Rolling will be the most welcomed. The playground will be filled with the students’ laughter and cheers. Aiming to relieve the senior 3 students from pressure and get them a break from heavy school work, the activity will be a great success.
I’d appreciate it if you could take my suggestions into consideration. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Xu Jing
【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求考生给团委王老师写一封邮件，就最后一个周五开展的高三年级减压活动提出自己的建议，并陈述理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：glad→delighted
刺激的：exciting→thrilling
充满：be filled with→be full of
考虑：take...into consideration→take...into account
2.句型拓展
合并句子
原句：I am very glad to hear that our school is going to carry out an activity to help students relieve stress. I am writing to offer my advice.
拓展句：Hearing that our school is going to carry out an activity to help students relieve stress, I am writing to offer my advice.
【点睛】[高分句型1]I am very glad to hear that our school is going to carry out an activity to help students relieve stress. （运用了that引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型2]Aiming to relieve the senior 3 students from pressure and get them a break from heavy school work, the activity will be a great success.（运用了现在分词作状语）
2．Dear Mr. /Ms. Wang,
My name is Xu Jing. I am a senior 3 student from Zhonghua Middle School. Seeing the discussion draft of this year’s senior three graduation ceremony, I am very glad to give you some of my opinions.
First of all, I think the graduation ceremony should be held in June after our college entrance examination. At this time, our high school studies have just finished and we are relatively relaxed. In addition, the graduation ceremony should be held in the playground, where we can see the blue sky and white clouds, and feel closer to nature. Most importantly, the participants should include some parents’ representatives, so that our graduation ceremony will be full of family affection.
Hope my opinions can be of great help to you.
Yours,
Xu Jing
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一封邮件，对学校拟定的今年高三毕业典礼方案的讨论稿提出自己的意见。
【详解】1.词汇积累
观点：idea→opinion
结束：end→finish
此外：besides→in addition
希望：wish→hope
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I am a senior 3 student from Zhonghua Middle School.
拓展句：I am a senior 3 student who is from Zhonghua Middle School.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Seeing the discussion draft of this year’s senior three graduation ceremony, I am very happy to give you some of my opinions. (运用了非谓语动词现在分词作状语)
【高分句型2】In addition, the graduation ceremony should be held in the playground, where we can see the blue sky and white clouds, and feel closer to nature. (运用了where引导的非限制性定语从句)
3．Dear Bob,
Knowing that you are thinking about whether to stay in the United States or come to China for college, I'm very glad and firmly believe that having college education in China is a right choice. You are sure to benefit a lot from it.
With four years spent in China, you'll have a further understanding of traditional Chinese culture and the present Chinese society, which will in turn make it easy for you to make more friends and start your own business after graduation. If you don't want to stay in China, the ability of speaking Chinese and experiences of living in China can also guarantee you many good job opportunities. As for me, I would be more than happy to help you. You can stay in my place before you settle down. All in all, if I were you, I wouldn't let go of such a good chance.
Write to me soon to let me know your decision.
Yours,
Li Fang
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。Rob是美国华裔，生在长在美国，今年也将高中毕业，最近在考虑留在美国读大学还是到中国来读大学。要求考生给表弟Rob按照要求回一封邮件。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
高兴的：glad→delighted
确定的：sure→certain
能力：ability→capability
总之：all in all→in a word
2. 句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：As for me, I would be more than happy to help you. You can stay in my place before you settle down.
拓展句：As for me, I would be more than happy to help you, which means you can stay in my place before you settle down.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Knowing that you are thinking about whether to stay in the United States or come to China for college, I'm very glad and firmly believe that having college education in China is a right choice. (运用了现在分词作状语，that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] With four years spent in China, you'll have a further understanding of traditional Chinese culture and the present Chinese society, which will in turn make it easy for you to make more friends and start your own business after graduation.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
4．Dear Mr. Zhang,
I hope I can provide some useful suggestions for the design of the reading corner. First of all, each class only needs to set up a few desks in the appropriate corner and it can be used as a place to put books, which can save money and ensure the simple layout. Secondly, books can be donated by teachers and students or students bring their own books. Thirdly, the books of each class should be managed by themselves, reducing the management burden of the school, which can also ensure the independence and characteristics of the book corner of each class. Finally, the teacher in charge should review the books the students bring or buy to ensure the quality of the books and the safety of the content.
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给张老师写一封电子邮件，对图书角提出你的建议与理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建议：suggestion→advice
建立：build→set up
保证：ensure→make sure
特色：characteristic→feature
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：First of all, each class only needs to set up a few desks in the appropriate corner and it can be used as a place to put books
拓展句：First of all, each class only needs to set up a few desks in the appropriate corner that can be used as a place to put books
【点睛】[高分句型1] First of all, each class only needs to set up a few desks in the appropriate corner and it can be used as a place to put books, which can save money and ensure the simple layout.(运用了which引导的定语从句)
[高分句型2] Thirdly, the books of each class should be managed by themselves, reducing the management burden of the school, which can also ensure the independence and characteristics of the book corner of each class. (运用了现在分词作结果状语)
5．Dear Mr. Wang,
I'm a big fan of the programmes on your channel. Knowing that you are to launch a new variety programme to meet the audience’s need, I’m writing this letter to share my idea with you.
I suggest the new programme be named Kids with Words. Actually, it is an English teaching progamme for kids aged 6-11. In the programme, kids will be able to learn new words and the culture of western countries through songs, short videos and games. The reason why I suggest it is that English is becoming more and more important in our life. In China, many kids begin to study English at an early age, so I think an interesting variety programme about English teaching will be popular among the kids.
I hope you can take my suggestion into consideration.
Sincerely yours,
Chen Fang
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文建议信，要求给电视台写封邮件，表达你对新的电视综艺节目的建议，并陈述你的理由。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时。
要求：
1. 综艺节目的名字、针对的观众群体、主要内容及形式等；
2. 提出这些建议的理由。
注：邮件中不得提及你的真实姓名或学校。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
a big fan; launch a new variety programme; to meet the audience’s need; share my idea with you; begin to study; take my suggestion into consideration.
第三步：连词成句
1. Knowing that you are to launch a new variety programme to meet the audience’s need, I’m writing this letter to share my idea with you.
2. I suggest the new programme be named Kids with Words.
3. The reason why I suggest it is that English is becoming more and more important in our life.
4. I hope you can take my suggestion into consideration.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last
2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including,
3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of + n/doing, On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that…
4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，
【点睛】[高分句型1] Knowing that you are to launch a new variety programme to meet the audience’s need, I’m writing this letter to share my idea with you.（现在分词作伴随状语）
[高分句型2] I suggest the new programme be named Kids with Words.（虚拟语气）
[高分句型3] The reason why I suggest it is that English is becoming more and more important in our life.（定语从句）
6．One possible version
Dear Mr. Lee,
I am Wangmin ,the president of the Environment Protection Association. In order to raise the awareness of protecting the environment among the teachers and students in our school, our association has decided to hold a “Less Plastics” activity during the sports meeting, so I am writing to apply for the permission and support for it.
As we know, using plastics has made great damages to our environment, which contributes to the urgency of improving the awareness of cutting down the usage of plastics. The “Less Plastics” activity will be help during our sports meeting days along the school path on the left side of the school playground from 10a.m. to 12a.m. For the success of this activity, we need some supports from school. First, we want to have some posters written the information about this activity on the school walls in these days. Besides, we still need 200yuan funds because we plan to make an environment protection protester and prepare some markers. I am hoping that you could consider my request for holding the activity and offer us the needy support.
Best wishes. I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
LiHua.
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假设你是中华中学的环保社团团长王敏，为了提升学校师生的环保意识，你打算在学校运动会期间，开展一次“减塑”社团活动，倡导全校师生减少塑料污染。要求考生根据要求，向校长写一封开展本次活动的申请信。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
社团活动的主题、目的、时间、地点等；
需要学校给予的支持。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
president; the Environment Protection Association; in order to; raise the awareness of; ; decide; apply for ; permission ; support; As we know; plastics; damage; contribute to; urgency; cut down ; success; First; posters; Besides; funds; protester; prepare; consider; request ; offer.
第三步：连词成句
1.I am Wangmin ,the president of the Environment Protection Association.
2.In order to raise the awareness of protecting the environment among the teachers and students in our school, our association has decided to hold a “Less Plastics” activity during the sports meeting, so I am writing to apply for the permission and support for it.
3.As we know, using plastics has made great damages to our environment, which contributes to the urgency of improving the awareness of cutting down the usage of plastics.
4.The “Less Plastics” activity will be help during our sports meeting days along the school path on the left side of the school playground from 10a.m. to 12a.m.
5.For the success of this activity, we need some support from school.
6.First, we want to have some posters written the information about this activity on the school walls in these days.
7.Besides, we still need 200yuan funds because we plan to make an environment protection protester and prepare some markers.
8.I am hoping that you could consider my request for holding the activity and offer us the needy support.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表举例说明关系：First, Besides.
2.表并列补充关系：Additionally, moreover. (供参考)
3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but. (供参考)
4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result(供参考)
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【点睛】[高分句型1] In order to raise the awareness of protecting the environment among the teachers and students in our school, our association has decided to hold a “Less Plastics” activity during the sports meeting, so I am writing to apply for the permission and support for it. (使用so引导结果状语从句。)
[高分句型2] As we know, using plastics has made great damages to our environment, which contributes to the urgency of improving the awareness of cutting down the usage of plastics.. (使用which引导定语从句。)
[高分句型3] Besides, we still need 200yuan funds because we plan to make an environment protection protester and prepare some markers. (使用because引导原因状语从句。)
7．Due to the outbreak of COVID-19, all schools have been conducting online teaching through the network. To achieve the good results of online teaching, it requires the joint efforts of teachers and students. First of all, students must have a high level of self-awareness and set strict demands on themselves as teachers cannot supervise students face-to-face. They should attend online classes on time every day as usual, during which they must turn off irrelevant webpages. Secondly, in order to make the online class more lively and interesting, teachers should strengthen the interaction with the students as much as possible during the teaching process, and they can improve the participation and concentration of students by answering questions online, commenting and answering, etc. Most importantly, teachers should help students deal with the tension. Only in this way can online teaching play a maximum role.
【分析】本篇书面表达是他开放性作文，要求就线上教学发表自己的观点。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本文要求就线上教学发表自己的观点：在新冠病毒疫情期间，各校都在通过网络进行线上教学。中华中学在学校网站的贴吧里，就如何提高线上学习的有效性开展了大讨论。假设你是该校学生王平，有意在贴吧中发表你的观点，你所写的内容应包括：学生该怎么做及其理由；你期望老师怎么做及其理由。时态应为一般现在时。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如； COVID-19（新冠病毒），outbreak （爆发），online teaching（线上教学），supervise（监管），self-awareness（自觉），strengthen（强化）， irrelevant（不相关的），lively（生动的），participation（参与），concentration（专注），face-to-face（面对面）及joint efforts（共同努力）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持卷面的整洁美观。
【点睛】范文语言地道，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级词汇和句式，高级词汇有due to（由于），in order to （为了），set strict demands on oneself（严格要求某人自己），turn off (关闭)，on time (按时)，deal with（处理）以及play a maximum role（发挥最大作用），而且还使用了非限定性定语从句“They should attend online classes on time every day as usual, during which they must turn off irrelevant webpages.”，状语从句“First of all, students must have a high level of self-awareness and set strict demands on themselves as teachers cannot supervise students face-to-face.”，倒装句“Only in this way can online teaching play a maximum role.”，全文没有语法错误，上下句转换自然流畅。
8．One possible version:
Chatbots are communication computer programs. Closed chatbots follow fixed instructions while open chatbots can respond more flexibly using AI. Chatbots’ advantages include working round the clock and communicating with several people at the same time. However, chatbots won’t replace humans because chatbots are programmed by humans. Additionally, chatbots can’t answer detailed questions and many people just dislike them. (58 words)
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种聊天机器人，包括它的类型和优势，以及人们对它的看法。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Chatbots are computer programs that can communicate with human beings by phone, on messaging apps or on websites.
② A closed chatbot follows a script, which may or may not involve using AI (artificial intelligence) to understand users’ messages. An open chatbot uses AI both to figure out what users want and to generate responses. Open chatbots are able to learn from their conversations and thus improve their ability to communicate over time.
③One significant advantage of chatbots is that they are available all the time, even in the middle of the night. Plus, a single chatbot can cater to multiple users at once.
④However, in order for chatbots to work, humans are still indispensable (不可或缺的). Someone has to program the chatbots initially, train them, and maintain and improve the chatbot system.
⑤Further, even open chatbots may not have the answers to detailed questions, and many people simply prefer speaking to a human rather than a chatbot.
2.缜密构思
将每个要点进行精简
3.遣词造句
Chatbots are communication computer programs.
Closed chatbots follow fixed instructions while open chatbots can respond more flexibly using AI.
Chatbots’ advantages include working round the clock and communicating with several people at the same time.
However, chatbots won’t replace humans because chatbots are programmed by humans.
Additionally, chatbots can’t answer detailed questions and many people just dislike them.
【点睛】[高分句型1]Closed chatbots follow fixed instructions while open chatbots can respond more flexibly using AI.用while连接的并列句，对第二段部分内容进行总结，表达高级。
[高分句型2]However, chatbots won’t replace humans because chatbots are programmed by humans. 用because引导的原因状语从句对最后一段部分内容进行总结，表达高级。
9．Physical cues, vital in communication, help build trust. But these cues are limited in virtual environments, which blocks trust-building, so we should seek new ways to prove trustworthiness. First, we can trust those who do as promised. Second, people whose claimed background and experience have been confirmed are worth trusting. (50 words)
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。肢体暗示在沟通中至关重要，有助于建立信任。但这些线索在虚拟环境中是有限的，这阻碍了信任的建立，所以我们应该寻找新的方法来证明可信性。首先，我们可以信任那些言出必行的人。第二，那些声称的背景和经验被证实的人是值得信任的。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①It’s the countless eye, facial and body movements we flash one another that help us understand someone’s intention and determine if we should trust them.
②The physical cues we’ve become accustomed to reacting to are restricted and masked. This is forcing us to develop new ways to trust one another.
③People base a simple analysis of trustworthiness on delivering on commitments. People that do are trustworthy.
④There is the question of whether someone has the background and experience they claim to have. We all need to lean on tools and techniques to help certify someone’s background.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2个要点进行重组，将第3、4个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Physical cues, which are vital in communication, help build trust.
Physical cues are limited in virtual environments, which blocks trust-building, so it forces us to seek new ways to prove trustworthiness.
First, we can trust those who deliver on commitments.
Second, people who have the background and experience they claim to have are worth trusting.
【点睛】【高分句型1】But these cues are limited in virtual environments, which blocks trust-building, so we should seek new ways to prove trustworthiness.（运用了一个复杂的主从复合句对第二段进行了概括。其中which引导的非限制性定语从句表达高级）
【高分句型2】Second, people whose claimed background and experience have been confirmed are worth trusting.（运用了一个复杂的主从复合句对第四段进行了概括。其中whose引导的限制性定语从句表达高级）
10．Though starting to talk with a stranger is difficult, it’s unavoidable. Therefore, it’s necessary to know how to start with small talk, which can result in deeper conversations. To do small talk right, look for signs of interest and begin with self-introduction and common topics. You can also start your conversation with praises or an opening request. (57 words)
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了闲聊的必要性以及想正确地进行闲聊的方法。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Starting a conversation with a stranger, though, is often uncomfortable and can be a little scary.
②Yet as you go through life, you’re sure to encounter strangers in many different situations, when a need to connect with others will hopefully outweigh your fears.
③Small talk is the beginning stage of a casual conversation, which usually takes place between strangers or casual acquaintances.
④If one is discovered, the conversation usually begins to flow more naturally, often resulting in deeper discussion.
⑤Begin by introducing yourself, and then, you should begin with one of three topics: talk about yourself, the other person or something you can both observe, like the weather.
⑥Another way to begin a conversation is with a compliment.
2.缜密构思
将1、2两个要点进行重组，二者为转折关系，将3、4两个要点进行整合，与前面两个要点形成因果关系。
3.遣词造句
Though starting to talk with a stranger is difficult, it’s unavoidable.
it’s necessary to know how to start with small talk, which can result in deeper conversations.
To do small talk right, look for signs of interest and begin with self-introduction and common topics.
You can also start your conversation with praises or an opening request.
【点睛】[高分句型1]
Though starting to talk with a stranger is difficult, it’s unavoidable.（用一个省略的让步状语从句对第二段部分内容进行概括，表达高级）
[高分句型2]
Therefore, it’s necessary to know how to start with small talk, which can result in deeper conversations.（用which引导非限制性定语从句对第三段部分内容进行概括，表达高级）
11．Robotic exoskeletons, a kind of machinery that works outside the body, give paralyzed patients new hope to stand or walk again. They benefit patients a lot both physically and mentally. But currently, they’re hard to use for lack of accurate motion and difficult to access for high costs. But the situation is improving with modern technology.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要内容为：机器人外部骨骼是一种在体外运作的机械，给瘫痪的患者带来了重新站起来或走路的希望，它使患者在身心两方面都能受益很多。但是目前由于缺乏精确的操控而难以使用，并且成本高昂。不过随着科学技术的发展，这种情况正在不断得到改善。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Thanks to robotic exoskeletons, victims of spinal cord（脊髓）injury have a new reason to hope.
②Robotic exoskeletons, consisting of metal legs, motors, batteries, wiring, a controller and a set of strips work together like the user’s bones, muscles and nerves-outside the body.
③In addition to partly restoring mobility, robotic exoskeletons offer the significant mental and physical health benefits of standing up and moving.
④The motion is not accurate compared with natural walking, and exoskeletons are not easy to use, especially on surfaces that are not smooth. They are very expensive, costing about US$100000.
⑤Nevertheless, robotic exoskeletons，and access to them, will continue to improve. As with much modern technology, robotic exoskeletons will likely become more capable and easy to use, even as their cost goes down.
2.缜密构思
将第一个和第二个要点进行重组，将第三个要点进行总结改写，将第四和第五个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
【点睛】[高分句型1] Robotic exoskeletons, a kind of machinery that works outside the body, give paralyzed patients new hope to stand or walk again.这个复合句中有Robotic exoskeletons的同位语“a kind of machinery”和一个定语从句“that work outside the body”，对第一个和第二个要点进行了重组，精准到位。
[高分句型2] They benefit patients a lot both physically and mentally. But currently, they’re hard to use for lack of accurate motion and difficult to access for high costs.该句子中使用了主动表示被动的句型：“they’re hard to use”和“（they’re）difficult to access”，还使用了表示原因的短语（for lack of accurate motion和for high costs）作状语，这种表达对第二、三要点的归纳很到位。
12．A study shows work still upsets people though companies are trying to make workplaces fun. Forcing employees to be happy is useless because being unable to express negative feelings is harmful and always looking for happiness deliberately will make people less happy. Rather, the effective way to make employees happy is not to interrupt employees with meaningless tasks. (58 words)
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，一项研究表明，尽管公司试图让工作场所变得有趣，但工作仍然会让人们感到不安。强迫员工快乐是没有用的，因为无法表达消极的感觉是有害的，总是刻意地寻找快乐会让人不快乐。相反，让员工开心的有效方法是不要用无意义的任务打断员工。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Despite all this effort, unfortunately, work still makes people unhappy.
②To proceed with an emphasis on being happy, however, other emotions are crowded out.
③Such a ban on negative emotions can be emotionally bad for employees.
④Besides, being constantly on the lookout for happiness may actually drive happiness away from us.
⑤A simple step would be to stop interrupting workers with all sorts of pointless demands such as long emails and unnecessary forms.
2.缜密构思
将第1个要点进行整合，将第2、3、4两个要点进行重组，将第5个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Although companies are trying to make workplaces fun, work still upsets people.
Trying to make employees happy intentionally is of no use.
It is effective to make employees happy not to interrupt employees with meaningless tasks.
【点睛】[高分句型1]A study shows work still upsets people though companies are trying to make workplaces fun. （省略that的宾语从句）
[高分句型2] Forcing employees to be happy is useless because being unable to express negative feelings is harmful and always looking for happiness deliberately will make people less happy.（动名词作主语）
[高分句型3]Rather, the effective way to make employees happy is not to interrupt employees with meaningless tasks. （to do不定式的否定作表语）
13．Your memory can improve if properly trained and practiced. Firstly, instead of receiving what you learn passively, use it actively and frequently in various ways, which helps you remember it better. Secondly, spend less time reviewing it each time but more frequently. Lastly, review it soon after the learning. (49 words)
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，如果训练和练习得当，你的记忆力会提高。首先，不要被动地接受你所学的东西，而是积极地、频繁地以各种方式使用它，这有助于你更好地记住它。其次，每次花更少的时间复习，但要更频繁地复习。最后，在学习后很快复习。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Fortunately, memory can be improved. People’s ability to remember has less to do with natural talent than it does with training and practice.
②People remember more when they actively engage with the material they are learning rather than passively receiving it. It also helps to try to engage with the material in different ways.
③My music instructor said that it’s better to practice for five minutes a day, seven days a week, than for two hours on one day. The more you spread out the time you spend reviewing information, the more likely you are to remember it.
④Every time the person reviews the information, it causes them to forget less of it—which means they remember more.
2.缜密构思
将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Your memory can improve if properly trained and practiced.
Firstly, instead of receiving what you learn passively, use it actively and frequently in various ways, which helps you remember it better.
Secondly, spend less time reviewing it each time but more frequently.
Lastly, review it soon after the learning.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Your memory can improve if properly trained and practiced. (运用了一个状语从句的省略对原文第一段进行了概括)
[高分句型2] Firstly, instead of receiving what you learn passively, use it actively and frequently in various ways, which helps you remember it better. (运用了主从复合句对原文第二段进行了概括，其中运用了what引导宾语从句和which引导非限制性定语从句)
14．Humility plays a vital role at work. Though often neglected and mistaken as a symbol of weakness, humility is actually about respecting truth and others. Humility is crucial in leadership because humble leaders have a positive attitude to criticism and mistakes and can turn these into improvements. Therefore, try to be humble both at work and in life.
【分析】本篇书面表达是概要写作，要求概括谦逊在工作中起着至关重要的作用，虽然经常被忽视和误解为软弱的象征，谦逊实际上是尊重真理和他人，同时它在领导力中至关重要，因为谦逊的领导者对批评和错误持积极的态度，并能将其转化为改进，因此，在工作和生活中都要保持谦逊。注意词数要求和使用自己的语言。
【详解】1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。
2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。
3、给摘要起一个好标题，比如：可以采用文中的主题句。
4、尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。
答案第8页，共17页
答案第9页，共17页
一、建议信
1．（2022·上海崇明·上海市崇明中学统考一模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是中华中学高三学生徐晶，校团委为了帮助高三学生缓解学习压力，拟利用本月最后一个星期五下午开展一个高三年级减压活动，目前正在向全年级同学征求活动意见。你给校团委王老师写一封邮件，内容须包括：
你的建议；
你的理由。
注：文中不得提及你的真实姓名或学校。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2．（2022·上海崇明·统考二模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是中华中学的高三学生徐晶，最近，学校拟定了今年高三毕业典礼方案的讨论稿如下，并公布在了校园网，征求师生意见。你看到后很想发表你的意见，写一封邮件给负责的王老师，内容须包括：
你认为方案中需要改进的地方及改进建议；
你的理由。
中华中学2022届高三毕业典礼方案（讨论稿） 时间：2022年7月25日（星期一） 地点：学校小礼堂 参与对象：全体高三教师与学生、学校校级领导 典礼内容：高三教师代表发言、高三学生代表发言、颁发毕业证书
注：文中不得提及你的真实姓名或学校。
3．（2021·上海崇明·统考一模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是中华中学的高三学生李方，你的表弟Rob是美国华裔，生在长在美国，今年也将高中毕业，最近在考虑留在美国读大学还是到中国来读大学。前几天他写了封电子邮件给你，询问你的意见。给Rob回一封邮件，在邮件中你必须：
1.就他该留在美国读大学还是到中国来读大学表达你的意见；
2.比较两种选择，陈述你的理由。
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4．（2021·上海崇明·统考二模）Directions：Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
中华中学为了建设书香校园，计划在教学楼道内设计一些“读书角”。为此，学校向广大师生征求意见。假设你是该校学生王宏，给负责的张老师写一封电子邮件，提出你的建议与理由。你的邮件应包括：
对“读书角”的内容、布置、管理等的建议。
说明这些建议的理由。
注：文中不得提及你的真实姓名或学校。
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5．（2021·上海崇明·二模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
某电视台计划推出一个新的电视综艺节目（variety programme），但为了更好地迎合观众的需求，该电视台向观众广泛征求意见。假设你是观众陈方，写一封电子邮件给该电视台的负责人王先生，表达你对新的电视综艺节目的建议，并陈述你的理由。邮件内容应包括：
1. 综艺节目的名字、针对的观众群体、主要内容及形式等；
2. 提出这些建议的理由。
注：邮件中不得提及你的真实姓名或学校。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
二、申请信
6．（2021·上海·统考一模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是中华中学的环保社团团长王敏，为了提升学校师生的环保意识，你打算在学校运动会期间，开展一次“减塑”社团活动，倡导全校师生减少塑料污染。为此，你向校长写一封申请信，内容包括：
社团活动的主题、目的、时间、地点等；
需要学校给予的支持。
注：文中不得提及你的真实姓名或学校。
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三、开放性作文
7．（2020·上海崇明·统考二模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
在新冠病毒疫情期间，各校都在通过网络进行线上教学。中华中学在学校网站的贴吧里，就如何提高线上学习的有效性开展了大讨论。假设你是该校学生王平，有意在贴吧中发表你的观点，你所写的内容应包括：
学生该怎么做及其理由；
你期望老师怎么做及其理由。
注：文中不得提及你的真实姓名或学校。
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四、概要写作
8．（2022·上海崇明·上海市崇明中学统考一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Chatbots
What if instead of clicking on link after link on a company’s website, you could type a question and get an immediate, customized answer Some companies are working to make this a reality using chatbots. Chatbots are computer programs that can communicate with human beings by phone, on messaging apps or on websites.
There are two types of chatbots: open and closed. A closed chatbot follows a script, which may or may not involve using AI (artificial intelligence) to understand users’ messages. An open chatbot uses AI both to figure out what users want and to generate responses. Open chatbots are able to learn from their conversations and thus improve their ability to communicate over time. This means that open chatbots can respond to a wider range of inquiries, compared with closed municating with them feels more natural, but if they have not been correctly trained, users may have a bad experience with them.
One significant advantage of chatbots is that they are available all the time, even in the middle of the night. Plus, a single chatbot can cater to multiple users at once. This means that users can get immediate answers to their questions rather than waiting for a human representative. Chatbots have the potential to overcome several technological problems people face. These include difficulty in searching websites and trouble finding basic information and answers to simple questions.
However, in order for chatbots to work, humans are still indispensable (不可或缺的). Someone has to program the chatbots initially, train them, and maintain and improve the chatbot system. Further, even open chatbots may not have the answers to detailed questions, and many people simply prefer speaking to a human rather than a chatbot. Thus, chatbots are unlikely to completely replace human agents. Rather, they will help users resolve simple problems so that customer service representatives can focus on more difficult issues.
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9．（2022·上海崇明·统考二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Building Trust in Virtual Environments
Research into the science behind human communication tells us that up to 90 percent of what we tell one another is nonverbal. It’s the countless eye, facial and body movements we flash one another that help us understand someone’s intention and determine if we should trust them.
The challenge we all face is figuring out ways to build trust in virtual environments. Sure, we have some interactions on videoconferences, but the physical cues (暗示) we’ve become accustomed to reacting to are restricted and masked. This is forcing us to develop new ways to trust one another. Good leaders are working to engineer those opportunities to build trust in their now virtual teams.
There are lessons we can learn from global multinational companies that have figured out how to make virtual relationships work over the past few decades. If you have vital business partners, or even employees working overseas, you have, at best, limited opportunities to meet them in person. What these companies have learned is that actions speak louder than words, and people base a simple analysis of trustworthiness on delivering on commitments. People that do are trustworthy; people that don’t aren’t.
When you hire virtual workers and get a new virtual team member, there is the question of whether someone has the background and experience they claim to have. That means we all need to lean on tools and techniques to help certify (证实) someone’s background. Some companies have built talent databases in which people can search their teammates and confirm their impressive backgrounds. Knowing that you are working with a certified superstar builds trust.
Finding ways to get someone to prove their trustworthiness by doing what they say they will and backing up their claims of experience will go a long way in helping you adapt to the new reality that we work in.
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10．（2021·上海崇明·统考一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Is Small Talk Necessary
What’s the first thing you do when you enter a crowded room You probably look around for a familiar face. When you can’t find one, you have two choices: you can stand alone, or you can walk up and speak to someone that you don’t know.
Starting a conversation with a stranger, though, is often uncomfortable and can be a little scary. Yet as you go through life, you’re sure to encounter strangers in many different situations, when a need to connect with others will hopefully outweigh your fears. In order to prepare, it helps to learn the art of small talk.
Small talk is the beginning stage of a casual conversation, which usually takes place between strangers or casual acquaintances. With small talk, two or more people search for common interests and points of connection. If one is discovered, the conversation usually begins to flow more naturally, often resulting in deeper discussion.
Mastering a few techniques will allow you to enter a room full of strangers with confidence.
When you walk up to a group, notice anyone trying to make eye contact with you because this is often a sign that the person is interested in talking. Begin by introducing yourself, and then, you should begin with one of three topics: talk about yourself, the other person or something you can both observe, like the weather.
Another way to begin a conversation is with a compliment. Your praise of someone’s scarf might lead to a discussion about favorite places to shop.
Radio host Terry Gross, who has interviewed thousands of people over the years, says one opening request works for her every time: “Tell me about yourself.” This approach gets the ball rolling because people enjoy talking about themselves.
Though small talk takes practice, it’s worth the effort and it’s the stimulus that can lead to deeper conversations.
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11．（2021·上海崇明·统考二模）Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Robotic Exoskeletons
Thanks to robotic exoskeletons, victims of spinal cord（脊髓）injury have a new reason to hope. Robotic exoskeletons, consisting of metal legs, motors, batteries, wiring, a controller and a set of strips work together like the user’s bones, muscles and nerves-outside the body. Fastened into an exoskeleton and supported by sticks, users can direct the machinery to take them where they want to go.
In addition to partly restoring mobility, robotic exoskeletons offer the significant mental and physical health benefits of standing up and moving. Just being able to get up from a wheelchair gives patients a more natural, positive view of the world. It also helps relieve pressure on patients’ skin and reduces the danger of pressure sores. Standing upright strengthens a disabled person’s muscles and bones, improves heart health，and reduces certain other health complications（并发症）. And it may actually result in partial nerve repair, something that can only happen when a patient is able to move.
As promising as this technology is, however, it is no simple cure-all for paralysis（瘫痪）or its complications. The motion is not accurate compared with natural walking, and exoskeletons are not easy to use, especially on surfaces that are not smooth. They are very expensive, costing about US$100000. Health insurance plans and government programs may not cover the cost of buying one.
Nevertheless, robotic exoskeletons，and access to them, will continue to improve. As with much modern technology, robotic exoskeletons will likely become more capable and easy to use, even as their cost goes down. Governments and insurers may increasingly see that the health benefits of these walking machines outweigh the costs, making it easier to fund them. Perhaps the day will come when nearly everyone paralyzed by spinal cord injury will be able to “walk” again.
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12．（2021·上海崇明·二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Fun Offices Make Workers Happier
In order to make their employees happier, companies around the world have been busy installing play equipment in the workplace. Table football, computer games and action figures have become common in some workplaces.
Despite all this effort, unfortunately, work still makes people unhappy. According to a study by the London School of Economics, the place where people feel most miserable is work.
To proceed with an emphasis on being happy, however, other emotions are crowded out. Anger, sadness, anxiety and uncertainty all become a no-no. Such a ban on negative emotions can be emotionally bad for employees. A number of studies have shown that being able to express a range of positive and negative emotions is important, particularly when people are dealing with difficult experiences.
Besides, being constantly on the lookout for happiness may actually drive happiness away from us. Scientists have found that when we talk about how important happiness is, we become less likely to find it, even when we have experiences that usually make us happy.
Wanting to be happy at work is fair enough, but being forced to be happy at work can be troubling. If companies were genuinely interested in making their employees happy, they would perhaps look at some more “down-to-earth” interventions (务实的干预). A simple step would be to stop interrupting workers with all sorts of pointless demands such as long emails and unnecessary forms. A study by Harvard Business School found workers felt most satisfied on days when they were able to focus on a piece of work and make meaningful progress on it.
In short, if companies really want to make their employees happier, they should think long and hard before pointless restructuring.
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13．（2021·上海·统考一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Train Your Brain
When was the last time something important slipped your mind Fortunately, memory can be improved. People’s ability to remember has less to do with natural talent than it does with training and practice.
When students want to prepare for a test, they often try to study by simply reading over the material again, copying notes, etc. But these methods of remembering are not always effective. People remember more when they actively engage with the material they are learning rather than passively receiving it. One great way to do this is to test yourself on the e up with questions about the topic, and try to answer them without looking at your notes. It also helps to try to engage with the material in different ways. For example, you could write your own outline or study guide. The more you use the information, the more likely you are to remember it.
My music instructor said that it’s better to practice for five minutes a day, seven days a week, than for two hours on one day. The same goes for remembering information. The more you spread out the time you spend reviewing information, the more likely you are to remember it.
A psychologist, Hermann Ebbinghaus, made an important discovery about memory and forgetting. He found that people tend to forget information in a regular pattern. They forget the most information shortly after learning it. The rate at which they forget then slows down over time. Every time the person reviews the information, it causes them to forget less of it—which means they remember more. So it is essential to review things you want to remember shortly after learning them. Over time, you can review them less and less frequently.
Applying these strategies will help improve your memory so that you can access everything you learn whenever you need it.
14．（2020·上海崇明·统考二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
The Role of Humility at Work
There are many qualities that leaders must develop if they wish to have a meaningful impact in the workplace. But among these many important qualities, the value of humility seems to be frequently overlooked. Part of this is due to common misconceptions about what it means to be humble.
Humility tends to be overlooked in the workplace because it is frequently misinterpreted as a “weak” quality. We have been led to believe that people who are humble are easily bulldozed (欺负) by others and aren’t willing to stick up for themselves. Many define humility as having a low opinion of oneself. While this may be one widely accepted view of humility today, it is actually a far cry from the true meaning of the word—and the way it should be applied in leadership. Humility isn’t about being passive and weak. It’s about showing respect to others and recognizing truth in all situations, including in the workplace.
A humble professional sounds like the type of person that most of us would prefer to interact with on a daily basis. It is the type of person that can become a truly effective leader. “Humble leaders must be willing to evaluate criticism to determine if it’s valid or not,” said Christopher Ferry, founder of Boca Recovery Center. “The best leaders are willing to admit when they are wrong and view mistakes as learning opportunities so they can turn them into something transformative. In all my work developing the leadership skills of managers, if I could give them any quality with a magic stick, it would be humility.”
Though humility is often underrated by world at large, it’s essential if you want to be successful as a leader, not just at work but in life. Reject your idea to boast or lift yourself above anyone and decide to be at the service of others.
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试卷第2页，共3页
试卷第1页，共3页
参考答案：
1．Dear Mr. Wang,
I am very glad to hear that our school is going to carry out an activity to help students relieve stress. I am writing to offer my advice.
I suggest that a fun game for all Senior Three students should be held on the school playground. Various sports games, fun and exciting, will attract lots of participation, among which Riding Pigs, Mud Wrestling and Chinese Rolling will be the most welcomed. The playground will be filled with the students’ laughter and cheers. Aiming to relieve the senior 3 students from pressure and get them a break from heavy school work, the activity will be a great success.
I’d appreciate it if you could take my suggestions into consideration. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Xu Jing
【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求考生给团委王老师写一封邮件，就最后一个周五开展的高三年级减压活动提出自己的建议，并陈述理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：glad→delighted
刺激的：exciting→thrilling
充满：be filled with→be full of
考虑：take...into consideration→take...into account
2.句型拓展
合并句子
原句：I am very glad to hear that our school is going to carry out an activity to help students relieve stress. I am writing to offer my advice.
拓展句：Hearing that our school is going to carry out an activity to help students relieve stress, I am writing to offer my advice.
【点睛】[高分句型1]I am very glad to hear that our school is going to carry out an activity to help students relieve stress. （运用了that引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型2]Aiming to relieve the senior 3 students from pressure and get them a break from heavy school work, the activity will be a great success.（运用了现在分词作状语）
2．Dear Mr. /Ms. Wang,
My name is Xu Jing. I am a senior 3 student from Zhonghua Middle School. Seeing the discussion draft of this year’s senior three graduation ceremony, I am very glad to give you some of my opinions.
First of all, I think the graduation ceremony should be held in June after our college entrance examination. At this time, our high school studies have just finished and we are relatively relaxed. In addition, the graduation ceremony should be held in the playground, where we can see the blue sky and white clouds, and feel closer to nature. Most importantly, the participants should include some parents’ representatives, so that our graduation ceremony will be full of family affection.
Hope my opinions can be of great help to you.
Yours,
Xu Jing
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一封邮件，对学校拟定的今年高三毕业典礼方案的讨论稿提出自己的意见。
【详解】1.词汇积累
观点：idea→opinion
结束：end→finish
此外：besides→in addition
希望：wish→hope
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I am a senior 3 student from Zhonghua Middle School.
拓展句：I am a senior 3 student who is from Zhonghua Middle School.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Seeing the discussion draft of this year’s senior three graduation ceremony, I am very happy to give you some of my opinions. (运用了非谓语动词现在分词作状语)
【高分句型2】In addition, the graduation ceremony should be held in the playground, where we can see the blue sky and white clouds, and feel closer to nature. (运用了where引导的非限制性定语从句)
3．Dear Bob,
Knowing that you are thinking about whether to stay in the United States or come to China for college, I'm very glad and firmly believe that having college education in China is a right choice. You are sure to benefit a lot from it.
With four years spent in China, you'll have a further understanding of traditional Chinese culture and the present Chinese society, which will in turn make it easy for you to make more friends and start your own business after graduation. If you don't want to stay in China, the ability of speaking Chinese and experiences of living in China can also guarantee you many good job opportunities. As for me, I would be more than happy to help you. You can stay in my place before you settle down. All in all, if I were you, I wouldn't let go of such a good chance.
Write to me soon to let me know your decision.
Yours,
Li Fang
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。Rob是美国华裔，生在长在美国，今年也将高中毕业，最近在考虑留在美国读大学还是到中国来读大学。要求考生给表弟Rob按照要求回一封邮件。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
高兴的：glad→delighted
确定的：sure→certain
能力：ability→capability
总之：all in all→in a word
2. 句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：As for me, I would be more than happy to help you. You can stay in my place before you settle down.
拓展句：As for me, I would be more than happy to help you, which means you can stay in my place before you settle down.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Knowing that you are thinking about whether to stay in the United States or come to China for college, I'm very glad and firmly believe that having college education in China is a right choice. (运用了现在分词作状语，that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] With four years spent in China, you'll have a further understanding of traditional Chinese culture and the present Chinese society, which will in turn make it easy for you to make more friends and start your own business after graduation.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
4．Dear Mr. Zhang,
I hope I can provide some useful suggestions for the design of the reading corner. First of all, each class only needs to set up a few desks in the appropriate corner and it can be used as a place to put books, which can save money and ensure the simple layout. Secondly, books can be donated by teachers and students or students bring their own books. Thirdly, the books of each class should be managed by themselves, reducing the management burden of the school, which can also ensure the independence and characteristics of the book corner of each class. Finally, the teacher in charge should review the books the students bring or buy to ensure the quality of the books and the safety of the content.
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给张老师写一封电子邮件，对图书角提出你的建议与理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建议：suggestion→advice
建立：build→set up
保证：ensure→make sure
特色：characteristic→feature
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：First of all, each class only needs to set up a few desks in the appropriate corner and it can be used as a place to put books
拓展句：First of all, each class only needs to set up a few desks in the appropriate corner that can be used as a place to put books
【点睛】[高分句型1] First of all, each class only needs to set up a few desks in the appropriate corner and it can be used as a place to put books, which can save money and ensure the simple layout.(运用了which引导的定语从句)
[高分句型2] Thirdly, the books of each class should be managed by themselves, reducing the management burden of the school, which can also ensure the independence and characteristics of the book corner of each class. (运用了现在分词作结果状语)
5．Dear Mr. Wang,
I'm a big fan of the programmes on your channel. Knowing that you are to launch a new variety programme to meet the audience’s need, I’m writing this letter to share my idea with you.
I suggest the new programme be named Kids with Words. Actually, it is an English teaching progamme for kids aged 6-11. In the programme, kids will be able to learn new words and the culture of western countries through songs, short videos and games. The reason why I suggest it is that English is becoming more and more important in our life. In China, many kids begin to study English at an early age, so I think an interesting variety programme about English teaching will be popular among the kids.
I hope you can take my suggestion into consideration.
Sincerely yours,
Chen Fang
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文建议信，要求给电视台写封邮件，表达你对新的电视综艺节目的建议，并陈述你的理由。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时。
要求：
1. 综艺节目的名字、针对的观众群体、主要内容及形式等；
2. 提出这些建议的理由。
注：邮件中不得提及你的真实姓名或学校。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
a big fan; launch a new variety programme; to meet the audience’s need; share my idea with you; begin to study; take my suggestion into consideration.
第三步：连词成句
1. Knowing that you are to launch a new variety programme to meet the audience’s need, I’m writing this letter to share my idea with you.
2. I suggest the new programme be named Kids with Words.
3. The reason why I suggest it is that English is becoming more and more important in our life.
4. I hope you can take my suggestion into consideration.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last
2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including,
3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of + n/doing, On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that…
4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，
【点睛】[高分句型1] Knowing that you are to launch a new variety programme to meet the audience’s need, I’m writing this letter to share my idea with you.（现在分词作伴随状语）
[高分句型2] I suggest the new programme be named Kids with Words.（虚拟语气）
[高分句型3] The reason why I suggest it is that English is becoming more and more important in our life.（定语从句）
6．One possible version
Dear Mr. Lee,
I am Wangmin ,the president of the Environment Protection Association. In order to raise the awareness of protecting the environment among the teachers and students in our school, our association has decided to hold a “Less Plastics” activity during the sports meeting, so I am writing to apply for the permission and support for it.
As we know, using plastics has made great damages to our environment, which contributes to the urgency of improving the awareness of cutting down the usage of plastics. The “Less Plastics” activity will be help during our sports meeting days along the school path on the left side of the school playground from 10a.m. to 12a.m. For the success of this activity, we need some supports from school. First, we want to have some posters written the information about this activity on the school walls in these days. Besides, we still need 200yuan funds because we plan to make an environment protection protester and prepare some markers. I am hoping that you could consider my request for holding the activity and offer us the needy support.
Best wishes. I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
LiHua.
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假设你是中华中学的环保社团团长王敏，为了提升学校师生的环保意识，你打算在学校运动会期间，开展一次“减塑”社团活动，倡导全校师生减少塑料污染。要求考生根据要求，向校长写一封开展本次活动的申请信。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
社团活动的主题、目的、时间、地点等；
需要学校给予的支持。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
president; the Environment Protection Association; in order to; raise the awareness of; ; decide; apply for ; permission ; support; As we know; plastics; damage; contribute to; urgency; cut down ; success; First; posters; Besides; funds; protester; prepare; consider; request ; offer.
第三步：连词成句
1.I am Wangmin ,the president of the Environment Protection Association.
2.In order to raise the awareness of protecting the environment among the teachers and students in our school, our association has decided to hold a “Less Plastics” activity during the sports meeting, so I am writing to apply for the permission and support for it.
3.As we know, using plastics has made great damages to our environment, which contributes to the urgency of improving the awareness of cutting down the usage of plastics.
4.The “Less Plastics” activity will be help during our sports meeting days along the school path on the left side of the school playground from 10a.m. to 12a.m.
5.For the success of this activity, we need some support from school.
6.First, we want to have some posters written the information about this activity on the school walls in these days.
7.Besides, we still need 200yuan funds because we plan to make an environment protection protester and prepare some markers.
8.I am hoping that you could consider my request for holding the activity and offer us the needy support.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表举例说明关系：First, Besides.
2.表并列补充关系：Additionally, moreover. (供参考)
3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but. (供参考)
4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result(供参考)
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【点睛】[高分句型1] In order to raise the awareness of protecting the environment among the teachers and students in our school, our association has decided to hold a “Less Plastics” activity during the sports meeting, so I am writing to apply for the permission and support for it. (使用so引导结果状语从句。)
[高分句型2] As we know, using plastics has made great damages to our environment, which contributes to the urgency of improving the awareness of cutting down the usage of plastics.. (使用which引导定语从句。)
[高分句型3] Besides, we still need 200yuan funds because we plan to make an environment protection protester and prepare some markers. (使用because引导原因状语从句。)
7．Due to the outbreak of COVID-19, all schools have been conducting online teaching through the network. To achieve the good results of online teaching, it requires the joint efforts of teachers and students. First of all, students must have a high level of self-awareness and set strict demands on themselves as teachers cannot supervise students face-to-face. They should attend online classes on time every day as usual, during which they must turn off irrelevant webpages. Secondly, in order to make the online class more lively and interesting, teachers should strengthen the interaction with the students as much as possible during the teaching process, and they can improve the participation and concentration of students by answering questions online, commenting and answering, etc. Most importantly, teachers should help students deal with the tension. Only in this way can online teaching play a maximum role.
【分析】本篇书面表达是他开放性作文，要求就线上教学发表自己的观点。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本文要求就线上教学发表自己的观点：在新冠病毒疫情期间，各校都在通过网络进行线上教学。中华中学在学校网站的贴吧里，就如何提高线上学习的有效性开展了大讨论。假设你是该校学生王平，有意在贴吧中发表你的观点，你所写的内容应包括：学生该怎么做及其理由；你期望老师怎么做及其理由。时态应为一般现在时。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如； COVID-19（新冠病毒），outbreak （爆发），online teaching（线上教学），supervise（监管），self-awareness（自觉），strengthen（强化）， irrelevant（不相关的），lively（生动的），participation（参与），concentration（专注），face-to-face（面对面）及joint efforts（共同努力）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持卷面的整洁美观。
【点睛】范文语言地道，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级词汇和句式，高级词汇有due to（由于），in order to （为了），set strict demands on oneself（严格要求某人自己），turn off (关闭)，on time (按时)，deal with（处理）以及play a maximum role（发挥最大作用），而且还使用了非限定性定语从句“They should attend online classes on time every day as usual, during which they must turn off irrelevant webpages.”，状语从句“First of all, students must have a high level of self-awareness and set strict demands on themselves as teachers cannot supervise students face-to-face.”，倒装句“Only in this way can online teaching play a maximum role.”，全文没有语法错误，上下句转换自然流畅。
8．One possible version:
Chatbots are communication computer programs. Closed chatbots follow fixed instructions while open chatbots can respond more flexibly using AI. Chatbots’ advantages include working round the clock and communicating with several people at the same time. However, chatbots won’t replace humans because chatbots are programmed by humans. Additionally, chatbots can’t answer detailed questions and many people just dislike them. (58 words)
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种聊天机器人，包括它的类型和优势，以及人们对它的看法。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Chatbots are computer programs that can communicate with human beings by phone, on messaging apps or on websites.
② A closed chatbot follows a script, which may or may not involve using AI (artificial intelligence) to understand users’ messages. An open chatbot uses AI both to figure out what users want and to generate responses. Open chatbots are able to learn from their conversations and thus improve their ability to communicate over time.
③One significant advantage of chatbots is that they are available all the time, even in the middle of the night. Plus, a single chatbot can cater to multiple users at once.
④However, in order for chatbots to work, humans are still indispensable (不可或缺的). Someone has to program the chatbots initially, train them, and maintain and improve the chatbot system.
⑤Further, even open chatbots may not have the answers to detailed questions, and many people simply prefer speaking to a human rather than a chatbot.
2.缜密构思
将每个要点进行精简
3.遣词造句
Chatbots are communication computer programs.
Closed chatbots follow fixed instructions while open chatbots can respond more flexibly using AI.
Chatbots’ advantages include working round the clock and communicating with several people at the same time.
However, chatbots won’t replace humans because chatbots are programmed by humans.
Additionally, chatbots can’t answer detailed questions and many people just dislike them.
【点睛】[高分句型1]Closed chatbots follow fixed instructions while open chatbots can respond more flexibly using AI.用while连接的并列句，对第二段部分内容进行总结，表达高级。
[高分句型2]However, chatbots won’t replace humans because chatbots are programmed by humans. 用because引导的原因状语从句对最后一段部分内容进行总结，表达高级。
9．Physical cues, vital in communication, help build trust. But these cues are limited in virtual environments, which blocks trust-building, so we should seek new ways to prove trustworthiness. First, we can trust those who do as promised. Second, people whose claimed background and experience have been confirmed are worth trusting. (50 words)
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。肢体暗示在沟通中至关重要，有助于建立信任。但这些线索在虚拟环境中是有限的，这阻碍了信任的建立，所以我们应该寻找新的方法来证明可信性。首先，我们可以信任那些言出必行的人。第二，那些声称的背景和经验被证实的人是值得信任的。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①It’s the countless eye, facial and body movements we flash one another that help us understand someone’s intention and determine if we should trust them.
②The physical cues we’ve become accustomed to reacting to are restricted and masked. This is forcing us to develop new ways to trust one another.
③People base a simple analysis of trustworthiness on delivering on commitments. People that do are trustworthy.
④There is the question of whether someone has the background and experience they claim to have. We all need to lean on tools and techniques to help certify someone’s background.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2个要点进行重组，将第3、4个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Physical cues, which are vital in communication, help build trust.
Physical cues are limited in virtual environments, which blocks trust-building, so it forces us to seek new ways to prove trustworthiness.
First, we can trust those who deliver on commitments.
Second, people who have the background and experience they claim to have are worth trusting.
【点睛】【高分句型1】But these cues are limited in virtual environments, which blocks trust-building, so we should seek new ways to prove trustworthiness.（运用了一个复杂的主从复合句对第二段进行了概括。其中which引导的非限制性定语从句表达高级）
【高分句型2】Second, people whose claimed background and experience have been confirmed are worth trusting.（运用了一个复杂的主从复合句对第四段进行了概括。其中whose引导的限制性定语从句表达高级）
10．Though starting to talk with a stranger is difficult, it’s unavoidable. Therefore, it’s necessary to know how to start with small talk, which can result in deeper conversations. To do small talk right, look for signs of interest and begin with self-introduction and common topics. You can also start your conversation with praises or an opening request. (57 words)
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了闲聊的必要性以及想正确地进行闲聊的方法。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Starting a conversation with a stranger, though, is often uncomfortable and can be a little scary.
②Yet as you go through life, you’re sure to encounter strangers in many different situations, when a need to connect with others will hopefully outweigh your fears.
③Small talk is the beginning stage of a casual conversation, which usually takes place between strangers or casual acquaintances.
④If one is discovered, the conversation usually begins to flow more naturally, often resulting in deeper discussion.
⑤Begin by introducing yourself, and then, you should begin with one of three topics: talk about yourself, the other person or something you can both observe, like the weather.
⑥Another way to begin a conversation is with a compliment.
2.缜密构思
将1、2两个要点进行重组，二者为转折关系，将3、4两个要点进行整合，与前面两个要点形成因果关系。
3.遣词造句
Though starting to talk with a stranger is difficult, it’s unavoidable.
it’s necessary to know how to start with small talk, which can result in deeper conversations.
To do small talk right, look for signs of interest and begin with self-introduction and common topics.
You can also start your conversation with praises or an opening request.
【点睛】[高分句型1]
Though starting to talk with a stranger is difficult, it’s unavoidable.（用一个省略的让步状语从句对第二段部分内容进行概括，表达高级）
[高分句型2]
Therefore, it’s necessary to know how to start with small talk, which can result in deeper conversations.（用which引导非限制性定语从句对第三段部分内容进行概括，表达高级）
11．Robotic exoskeletons, a kind of machinery that works outside the body, give paralyzed patients new hope to stand or walk again. They benefit patients a lot both physically and mentally. But currently, they’re hard to use for lack of accurate motion and difficult to access for high costs. But the situation is improving with modern technology.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要内容为：机器人外部骨骼是一种在体外运作的机械，给瘫痪的患者带来了重新站起来或走路的希望，它使患者在身心两方面都能受益很多。但是目前由于缺乏精确的操控而难以使用，并且成本高昂。不过随着科学技术的发展，这种情况正在不断得到改善。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Thanks to robotic exoskeletons, victims of spinal cord（脊髓）injury have a new reason to hope.
②Robotic exoskeletons, consisting of metal legs, motors, batteries, wiring, a controller and a set of strips work together like the user’s bones, muscles and nerves-outside the body.
③In addition to partly restoring mobility, robotic exoskeletons offer the significant mental and physical health benefits of standing up and moving.
④The motion is not accurate compared with natural walking, and exoskeletons are not easy to use, especially on surfaces that are not smooth. They are very expensive, costing about US$100000.
⑤Nevertheless, robotic exoskeletons，and access to them, will continue to improve. As with much modern technology, robotic exoskeletons will likely become more capable and easy to use, even as their cost goes down.
2.缜密构思
将第一个和第二个要点进行重组，将第三个要点进行总结改写，将第四和第五个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
【点睛】[高分句型1] Robotic exoskeletons, a kind of machinery that works outside the body, give paralyzed patients new hope to stand or walk again.这个复合句中有Robotic exoskeletons的同位语“a kind of machinery”和一个定语从句“that work outside the body”，对第一个和第二个要点进行了重组，精准到位。
[高分句型2] They benefit patients a lot both physically and mentally. But currently, they’re hard to use for lack of accurate motion and difficult to access for high costs.该句子中使用了主动表示被动的句型：“they’re hard to use”和“（they’re）difficult to access”，还使用了表示原因的短语（for lack of accurate motion和for high costs）作状语，这种表达对第二、三要点的归纳很到位。
12．A study shows work still upsets people though companies are trying to make workplaces fun. Forcing employees to be happy is useless because being unable to express negative feelings is harmful and always looking for happiness deliberately will make people less happy. Rather, the effective way to make employees happy is not to interrupt employees with meaningless tasks. (58 words)
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，一项研究表明，尽管公司试图让工作场所变得有趣，但工作仍然会让人们感到不安。强迫员工快乐是没有用的，因为无法表达消极的感觉是有害的，总是刻意地寻找快乐会让人不快乐。相反，让员工开心的有效方法是不要用无意义的任务打断员工。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Despite all this effort, unfortunately, work still makes people unhappy.
②To proceed with an emphasis on being happy, however, other emotions are crowded out.
③Such a ban on negative emotions can be emotionally bad for employees.
④Besides, being constantly on the lookout for happiness may actually drive happiness away from us.
⑤A simple step would be to stop interrupting workers with all sorts of pointless demands such as long emails and unnecessary forms.
2.缜密构思
将第1个要点进行整合，将第2、3、4两个要点进行重组，将第5个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Although companies are trying to make workplaces fun, work still upsets people.
Trying to make employees happy intentionally is of no use.
It is effective to make employees happy not to interrupt employees with meaningless tasks.
【点睛】[高分句型1]A study shows work still upsets people though companies are trying to make workplaces fun. （省略that的宾语从句）
[高分句型2] Forcing employees to be happy is useless because being unable to express negative feelings is harmful and always looking for happiness deliberately will make people less happy.（动名词作主语）
[高分句型3]Rather, the effective way to make employees happy is not to interrupt employees with meaningless tasks. （to do不定式的否定作表语）
13．Your memory can improve if properly trained and practiced. Firstly, instead of receiving what you learn passively, use it actively and frequently in various ways, which helps you remember it better. Secondly, spend less time reviewing it each time but more frequently. Lastly, review it soon after the learning. (49 words)
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，如果训练和练习得当，你的记忆力会提高。首先，不要被动地接受你所学的东西，而是积极地、频繁地以各种方式使用它，这有助于你更好地记住它。其次，每次花更少的时间复习，但要更频繁地复习。最后，在学习后很快复习。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Fortunately, memory can be improved. People’s ability to remember has less to do with natural talent than it does with training and practice.
②People remember more when they actively engage with the material they are learning rather than passively receiving it. It also helps to try to engage with the material in different ways.
③My music instructor said that it’s better to practice for five minutes a day, seven days a week, than for two hours on one day. The more you spread out the time you spend reviewing information, the more likely you are to remember it.
④Every time the person reviews the information, it causes them to forget less of it—which means they remember more.
2.缜密构思
将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Your memory can improve if properly trained and practiced.
Firstly, instead of receiving what you learn passively, use it actively and frequently in various ways, which helps you remember it better.
Secondly, spend less time reviewing it each time but more frequently.
Lastly, review it soon after the learning.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Your memory can improve if properly trained and practiced. (运用了一个状语从句的省略对原文第一段进行了概括)
[高分句型2] Firstly, instead of receiving what you learn passively, use it actively and frequently in various ways, which helps you remember it better. (运用了主从复合句对原文第二段进行了概括，其中运用了what引导宾语从句和which引导非限制性定语从句)
14．Humility plays a vital role at work. Though often neglected and mistaken as a symbol of weakness, humility is actually about respecting truth and others. Humility is crucial in leadership because humble leaders have a positive attitude to criticism and mistakes and can turn these into improvements. Therefore, try to be humble both at work and in life.
【分析】本篇书面表达是概要写作，要求概括谦逊在工作中起着至关重要的作用，虽然经常被忽视和误解为软弱的象征，谦逊实际上是尊重真理和他人，同时它在领导力中至关重要，因为谦逊的领导者对批评和错误持积极的态度，并能将其转化为改进，因此，在工作和生活中都要保持谦逊。注意词数要求和使用自己的语言。
【详解】1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。
2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。
3、给摘要起一个好标题，比如：可以采用文中的主题句。
4、尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。
答案第8页，共17页
答案第9页，共17页