上海市金山区三年（2020-2022）高考英语模拟试题分题型分层-写作（含答案）

上海市金山区三年（2020-2022）高考英语模拟试题分题型分层-写作
一、建议信
1．（2021·上海金山·上海市金山中学校考一模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
你的朋友李华是启明中学的一位高一新生，最近他正在为住校还是走读举棋不定，因此，写信向你求助。假如你是王磊，就读于高三年级，以过来人的身份用英语给他写封回信。你的信必须包括以下内容:
1.就住校还是走读的选择提供你的建议；
2.说明你建议的理由。
(注：住校/走读：board/live at home)
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二、其他应用文
2．（2021·上海金山·统考二模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120—150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学的学生王磊，你校准备开设名为《劳动与生活》或《机器人编程》的选修课程，并在校园网征求学生意见，请写一封邮件给校方，内容必须包括：
1．你感兴趣的课程；
2．你期望在这门课程中学到什么；
3. 为什么想学这些内容。
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三、图画作文
3．（2021·上海·统考一模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120—150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
请仔细阅读以下三幅图片《三代农夫》（Three Generations of Farmers）并完成写作。
在写作中，你必须：
1）简要描述三幅图片中的内容；
2）分析其背后所反映的现象及原因；
3) 对你的启示。
四、开放性作文
4．（2022·上海金山·统考一模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120—150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是光明中学高三学生李明。近期，年级组正在策划18岁成人礼仪式，其中一个环节为“说说你的故事”，筹备组现面向本校全体高三学生征集真实故事案例。请给筹备组写一封邮件，内容须包括：
1) 你印象最深的一件事情；
2) 此事对你的启发和影响。
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5．（2022·上海金山·统考二模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120—150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
青年强则国强，榜样的力量是无穷的。假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，你校英语报正在进行主题为“My role model”的征文活动。你有意参加，写一篇文章，内容须包括：
1）你心目中的青年榜样是谁？他（她）有怎样的优良品质？
2）用一个具体事例说明他（她）的品质。
3）他（她）给你的学习或生活带来了怎样的影响？
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6．（2021·上海金山·二模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
据报道，某大学一宿舍的学生突发奇想建立了“夸夸群”。在群里，无论发生什么都会收到别人的夸奖和赞扬，心情不好，压力太大的时候也能收到安慰。但有些同学认为很假，应该建立“喷喷群”。那么究竟是在“夸夸群”恢复信心更好，还是在“喷喷群”中找骂认清自己更有用？
请谈谈你对此的看法，并陈述你的理由。
(备注:夸夸群---- praise-seeking group；喷喷群----criticism-seeking group)
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7．（2020·上海金山·统考二模）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学高三学生王磊，你经常阅读的英语报刊正在征集读者对于“学生最应该学会什么”的不同意见。你对此话题很感兴趣，写一篇文章表达你的观点，内容包括：
1. 你认为学生最应该学会什么？
2. 结合自身情况谈谈你这么认为的理由。
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五、概要写作
8．（2022·上海金山·统考一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
“Digital Hoarding” Could Be an Increasing Problem
As data storage has become more accessible than ever, the amount of digital “stuff” we all have put aside is on the rise, too.
In a recent paper published in the journal Information & Management, we have investigated a rising phenomenon called “digital hoarding”, which happens when an individual constantly acquires digital content, feels difficulty in getting rid of it, and gradually gets more and more digital content without an intended purpose.
Digital hoarding can quickly increase out of control, too — perhaps even more quickly than in the physical world, due to several reasons. First, the digital hoarder is less likely to notice the space limitations in the digital world. While the boundaries of a physical space are clear, such boundaries are less noticeable in digital spaces. Second, hoarding of physical objects happens in fixed boundaries, while digital spaces are “expandable” — you can get additional digital storage with minimum effort at very little or zero cost. Third, to hoard physical items, a person needs to expend some effort, such as purchasing them. By contrast, most digital contents are either self-created, free, or available on a subscription (订阅) basis. Fourth, compared with physical stuff, digital contents can be multiplied, for example, by making copies, with very minimal effort.
In the modern world, it is unavoidable that digital content plays an important role in our lives. Therefore, the potential of serious mental health impacts from digital hoarding is a real possibility.
If you think you’re holding onto too much digital content, you can try cleaning your digital footprint, reducing unnecessary digital content, coming up with simple methods to organize your files, pictures and videos. What’s more, reassess the importance of many social networks, including groups in many communication apps, and keep only those essential to you.
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9．（2022·上海金山·统考二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Fatigue
Fatigue is a feeling of being extremely tired. Basically, there are three types of fatigue, physical, pathological (由疾病引起的), and psychological. As you might suspect, each differs significantly from the others.
When you exercise your body, you produce waste products. Muscles, for example, release lactic acid (乳酸) into the blood; cells dump in carbon dioxide. When these wastes reach a certain level in the blood, the brain is informed and your activity level drops. Excess wastes in the muscles may produce soreness. The solution to this type of fatigue is simple — rest. That should refresh you; if it doesn’t, another cause should be sought.
Have you ever become involved in so many activities that you had to be in two places at once This is what happens when your body has a disease. The cells are overused and cannot keep up with both fighting the disease and keeping you active. The result is fatigue. Some communicable diseases like the flu and colds are “well” known for draining your energy. Other non-communicable diseases, like anemia (贫血), drain you because you are lacking an important body ingredient. Being overweight can cause pathological fatigue. It should be obvious that this type of fatigue is not going to go away without treatment. In a way, pathological fatigue is a lifesaver. It lets you know something is wrong and that you need rest.
Here is the most common type of fatigue. Almost everybody experiences it now and then. Often, the cause is an emotional war you are having with yourself or those around you. Some of these familiar factors can bring on psychological fatigue: worries, stress, lack of exercise, boredom, depression. If you know someone with psychological fatigue, would you advise him to rest No way! That might be fine for our other types of fatigue, but for this one, it’s deadly. If you are ever going to be able to cope with stress, depression, or worry, you need oxygen in your cells and a more optimistic attitude. Get out of the chair and do something! Believe it or not, many people throw themselves into physical labor like cleaning to “de-fatigue” themselves. If you find yourself in a particularly stressful situation that you can’t physically escape, escape mentally. When fatigue continues, maybe you need to get to the root of the problem.
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10．（2021·上海金山·统考二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
The Enduring Power of Print for Learning in A Digital World
Today’s students see themselves as digital natives, the first generation to grow up surrounded by technology like smartphones, tablets and e-readers. We’ve seen students now equipped with school-issued iPads and access to e-textbooks. Given this trend, it might be assumed that students’ familiarity and preference for technology translates into better learning outcomes. But more and more studies show that it’s not always the case. So, there are some lessons that can be conveyed to us about print’s place in an increasingly digital world.
We all read for many reasons. Sometimes we’re looking for an answer to a very specific question. Other times, we want to browse a newspaper for today’s headlines. As we’re about to pick up an article or text in a printed or digital format, we should keep in mind why we’re reading. There’s likely to be a difference in which medium works best for which purpose.
One of the most consistent findings of the studies is that, for some tasks, medium doesn’t seem to matter. If all students are being asked to do is to understand and remember the big idea of what they’re reading, there’s no benefit in selecting one medium over another. But when the reading assignment demands more engagement or deeper comprehension, students may be better off reading print. Teachers could make students aware that their ability to comprehend the assignment may be influenced by the medium they choose.
In another experiment, researchers were able to create meaningful records of college students based on the way they read and comprehended from printed and digital texts. Among those records, it was found that a select group of undergraduates who actually comprehended better when they moved from print to digital. But they actually read slower when the text was on the computer than when it was in a book. Using this select group as a model, students could possibly be taught or directed to fight the tendency to glide through online texts.
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11．（2021·上海金山·上海市金山中学校考一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Should Our Societies Go Cashless
The rise of contactless payment and digital wallets is making cash useless in a lot of cities. In fact, those who are still used to paying with “real” cash would feel like aliens in Sweden. While the Nordic country is still singled out as a rarity for taking the cashless route, it won't be long before more countries join it by venturing down the same path.
One of the biggest benefits of getting rid of cash is the elimination of its anonymity (匿名性). Cash plays a major role in the crime world, which makes going cashless a more transparent (透明的) alternative. Since all digital transactions leave a record behind, anyone with an interest in learning about the cash flow of a business or individual could easily trace where the money came from.
There is another benefit to cashless societies: there no longer needs to be an intermediary to pay extra fees. Today, banks and financial institutions are necessary for supporting the whole wealth system. For those services, intermediaries charge predefined fees that are always paid by the customers.
However, we should not rush into things. A completely digital system would leave a lot of people on the outside looking in not just the homeless, but also the elderly who would not know how to deal with cashless systems.
Going cashless also has the issue of trace-ability. In a time where there are major concerns surrounding security and privacy, we have a good reason to worry about how the government is going to be able to protect our money. What's more, the users themselves will have to avoid falling victim to identity theft and online fraud.
These are challenges that won’t be easy to solve. It feels like our best bet is leaving space for the shift to happen naturally. It is the only way to ensure no one is left out as we figure out if people are ready to live in a world with no physical wallets.
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12．（2021·上海金山·二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
Unfair Comparisons
Thanks to social media, the distance between friends is smaller than ever. But does that make us happier Not necessarily. A recent study has found spending too much time comparing your life with the seemingly perfect lives of your friends on social media can result in depressive symptoms.
We’ve all done it ---- browsing through our WeChat friends’ updates while feeling that green-eyed monster holding its head in our minds: Are their homes bigger and more tasteful Are their vacations more expensive and exciting Are their careers more successful and rewarding
Comparison is the thief of joy. The more time you spend on social media, the more likely it is for you to feel depressive symptoms, according to a new study out of University of Houston.The study, led by Mai-Ly Steers, examines the potential impact online social comparison can have on a person’s mental health.
“The underlying mechanism is social comparison,” Steers said. “The reason why you feel these feelings is that you tend to socially compare yourself with your friends.”
This social comparison theory was popularized by US psychologist Leon Festinger in the 1950s. According to an article in The Atlantic, Festinger argued that people have born tendencies to track their progress and measure their self-worth by comparing themselves with other people. That social comparison leads to feelings of insignificance and insecurity. Research has since found that making social comparisons, especially upward comparisons (to people we think above us for whatever reason), are associated with negative health outcomes like depressive symptoms and decreased self-esteem.
“You can’t really control the strong desire to compare because you never know what your friends are going to post. In addition, most of our friends tend to post about the good things that occur in their lives, while leaving out the bad. If we’re comparing ourselves with our friends’‘sharable highlights’, this may lead us to think their lives are better than they actually are, and thus make us feel worse about our own lives.”
So if you are the jealous type, maybe think about signing off of your WeChat for a while. Your well-being may depend on it.
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13．（2021·上海·统考一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Will people reduce car use in 20 years？
Nowadays, the ownership of cars is no longer being recognized as a symbol of one’s wealth and social position. Tracking back to the past when only the rich were qualified to possess private cars, we couldn’t help marveling at the historic change such a convenient invention brought to people’s daily lives. Nevertheless, the increase in the number of car owners is spelling many negative effects. These rising problems also cause some people to predict that the use of cars might be reduced in two decades.
Above all, the use of cars remarkably threatens our environment, if such a tendency is not brought under control in time, the Earth will no longer be a suitable place for humans to survive in the future. People have to face the consequence. It is a reality from which no one is able to escape. Every day, thousands of private cars are emitting tons of exhausted gas that seriously pollutes the air. The carbon dioxide leads to the worldwide greenhouse effect, which causes the sea level to rise and produces negative impacts on weather. In addition, more energy is being wasted because of the production of private cars. In order to build a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society, people ought to reduce the use of cars.
In fact, diversified measures are being taken by the government to limit the use of cars. If such a tendency continues, the effect will be shown in the near future. For example, to reach the goal of building a safe and harmonious society, Beijing Traffic Management Bureau has restricted regional traffic in rush hours on working days. A number of private cars are prohibited on no-driving-days.
Last, the advancement of public transportation systems also helps change car owners’ way of travelling. Efforts are being made to construct more agreeable networks of buses, subways, trains and airplanes. In the meanwhile, advances in technology might help cut down the cost of travelling in public vehicles.
14．（2020·上海金山·统考二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Herbal Medicine
Herbal medicine, which has been used for medicinal purposes, is the use of plants to treat diseases. Many herbalists use the entire plant, from the flowers, stems, leaves, and roots, in the form of everything from teas to pills. These plants contain natural, chemical things that can treat the body for a variety of diseases, such as allergies, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, migraine, chronic fatigue, and cancer, among others.
Nowadays an increasing number of people prefer to adopt these plants to treat their diseases because, compared with chemical medicine, herbal medicine has its own advantages. Herbal medicine and remedies are more effective than chemical medicine for certain diseases. The chemical medicine given by a chemist could have certain negative side effects. However, many of the herbal medicine and remedies to not have negative side effects. If any, they are softer than chemical medicine. Obesity is the cause of many of the health problems. Herbal medicine can help weight loss more effectively and improve overall health.
However, the cure using herbal medicine and supplements would take some time, and therefore people are supposed to possess enough patience. Worse still, herbal medicine contains a variety of ingredients and people have to be sure that their body agrees with the ingredients and that it is not allergic.
A point worth mentioning here is that herbal remedies and medicine for certain illnesses may have negative side effects. These side effects may not be shown at once, but would take months or even years. In the early stages, if the herbal medicine is not agreeing with you, it is wise to stop using it.
When used correctly and directed by doctors, herbs can help treat a variety of disease. But keep in mind that the herbal medicine industry is not regulated, so herbal products are often misleading and may contain additives that are not listed on the label. Some herbs may cause allergic reactions or interact with other drugs, and some are poisonous if used improperly or at high doses. Taking herbs on your own increases your risk.
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试卷第2页，共3页
试卷第1页，共3页
参考答案：
1．Dear Li Hua,
You have asked me for my advice with regard to whether to board at school or live at home and I will try to make some conductive suggestions here.
In my humble opinion, it is wise to board at school. First of all, you will save much time because you needn’t go a long distance. You can make use of the time that students live at school spend going between home and school. What’s more, it will be a good chance to experience life like college in advance, and you can learn how to live independently and have a good command of many life skills. Last but not least, there is no doubt that you can communicate with classmates and talk about the questions together, which will be of benefit to your study.
I hope you will find these proposals useful and I will be ready to discuss this matter with you to further details.
Yours,
Wang Lei
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给高一新生李华写封回信，就住校还是走读的选择提供你的建议。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1.就住校还是走读的选择提供你的建议；
2.说明你建议的理由。
第二步：列提纲 （重点词组）
ask sb. for advice; with regard to; board at school; conductive; wise; go a long distance; spend; be a good chance to do; experience; in advance; independently; have a good command of; there is no doubt that; communicate with; be of benefit; be ready to do; discuss; proposal
第三步：连词成句
1. You have asked me for my advice with regard to whether to board at school or live at home and I will try to make some conductive suggestions here.
2. In my humble opinion, it is wise to board at school.
3. First of all, you will save much time because you needn’t go a long distance.
4. You can make use of the time that students live at school spend going between home and school.
5. What’s more, it will be a good chance to experience life like college in advance, and you can learn how to live independently and have a good command of many life skills.
6. Last but not least, there is no doubt that you can communicate with classmates and talk about the questions together, which will be of benefit to your study.
7. I hope you will find these proposals useful and I will be ready to discuss this matter with you to further details.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Last but not least
2.表并列补充关系：What is more
3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句)（供参考）
4.表因果关系：Because
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【点睛】[高分句型1] First of all, you will save much time because you needn’t go a long distance. (运用了because引导原因状语从句)
[高分句型2] You can make use of the time that students live at school spend going between home and school. (运用了that引导定语从句)
2．Dear Sir/Madam,
I’m more than delighted to hear the news that option courses named Robot Programming as well as Labor and Life will be available. From where I stand, compared with Labor and Life, Robot Programming interests me better, because I’m interested in programming and it’s promising.
For the course, I hope it can offer more chances for students to write codes on robots and communicate more with the students in other schools. I’m eager to learn some basic knowledge about design of robots and more programming languages, which is beneficial to my future career. I plan to be a professional programmer who can design more intelligent robots that can make our life more convenient.
That’s my opinion and I do hope my view will be of some help.
【分析】本文属于应用文，要求就即将开设的选修课程表达自己的意见。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
高兴的：happy→ delighted
在我看来：in my opinion→ from where I stand
有益的：helpful→ beneficial
渴望：want to do→ be eager to do
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：I’m eager to learn some basic knowledge about design of robots and more programming languages, which is beneficial to my future career. I plan to be a professional programmer who can design more intelligent robots that can make our life more convenient.
拓展句：I’m eager to learn some basic knowledge about design of robots and more programming languages, which is beneficial to my future career, for I plan to be a professional programmer who can design more intelligent robots that can make our life more convenient.
【点睛】[高分句型1] From where I stand, compared with Labor and Life, Robot Programming interests me better, because I’m interested in programming and it’s promising.(过去分词作状语)
[高分句型2] I’m eager to learn some basic knowledge about design of robots and more programming languages, which is beneficial to my future career.（非限制性定语从句的使用）
3．Fifty years ago, grandfathers worked in the land with oxen. Thirty years ago, my parents used small walking tractors in their fields. Today, farmers use large tractors and plant protection drones.
In fact, in recent years, China has promoted the modernization of agriculture through a series of measures such as the rural revitalization strategy. It is necessary to cultivate high-quality farmers' feelings and responsibilities for agriculture, strengthen the feelings of "three agriculture", and take the road of ecological, environmental protection and sustainable development.
Looking at the work of three generations, I am filled with emotion. The past two generations' glorious retirement will be recorded in the history, remembering the struggle and prosperity of Chinese farmers who persevered, innovated and pursued progress.
【分析】本篇书面表达属于图画作文。根据题中所提供的三幅图片《三代农夫》（Three Generations of Farmers）完成写作。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：图画作文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般过去时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1）简要描述三幅图片中的内容；
2）分析其背后所反映的现象及原因；
3) 对你的启示。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
Fifty years ago；In fact；promote the modernization of agriculture；a series of measures；responsibilities for agriculture;be filled with
第三步：连词成句
1. Thirty years ago, my parents used small walking tractors in their fields.
2. In fact, in recent years, China has promoted the modernization of agriculture through a series of measures such as the rural revitalization strategy.
3. Today, farmers use large tractors and plant protection drones.
4. Looking at the work of three generations, I am filled with emotion.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）（仅供参考）
1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last
2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including,
3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that…
4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【点睛】[高分句型1] Today, farmers use large tractors and plant protection drones.（运用现在分词作状语）
[高分句型2] The past two generations' glorious retirement will be recorded in the history, remembering the struggle and prosperity of Chinese farmers who persevered, innovated and pursued progress.（运用关系代词who引导定语从句）
4．
One possible version:
During the past three years in the Guangming senior high school, I have had many unforgettable experiences. One of the most unforgettable things was when our class prepared for a group singing competition. In order to win the competition, we all went for it. During the week before the competition, we practised singing in our free time. Although it was a hard job, every participant took it seriously and did their best. Thanks to our effort, we won the first prize. Hearing the exciting news, we were all wild with joy. The movement reminded me of an old saying-No pains, no gains. It was hard work, but during the course of preparation, we developed deep friendship, confidence as well as understanding!
【导语】本文是一篇开放作文。年级组正在策划18岁成人礼仪式，其中一个环节是“说说你的故事”，要求考生给筹备组写一封邮件说说自己印象最深刻的一件事，以及此事对你的启发和影响。
【详解】1.词汇积累
难忘的：unforgettable→memorable
为了：in order to→in an effort to
困难的： hard→ tough
由于：thanks to→owing to
2.句式拓展
同义句
原句： Hearing the exciting news, we were all wild with joy.
拓展句： When we heard the exciting news, we were all wild with joy.
【点睛】【高分句型1】One of the most unforgettable things was when our class prepared for a group singing competition. （运用了when引导的表语从句）
【高分句型2】Although it was a hard job,every participant took it seriously and did their best. （运用了although引导的让步状语从句）
5．When comes to role model, people always think about some pop stars or heroes, but my role model is my cousin.
My cousin is a simple math teacher. When I was a child, I always thought to be weak because I’m thin and weak in sports and math. Not only my teachers and classmates, but also my mother always scold that how stupid I was. But cousin didn’t think so. Instead of scolded, she always encouraged me that “don’t give up, just try again”. Besides, she also helped me with math. Because of her patient and good teaching, I found math was so interesting and became good at it day by day. Because of her encouragement, I overcome lots of difficulties and find back my confidence. What’s more, I became to know that very often a disappointment some times can becomes a turning point for a wonderful experience.
Now I want to express to cousin that how grateful I am, and her words “don’t give up, just try again” are always in my heart.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文。要求考生对于“My role model”的征文活动，写一篇参赛文章。
【详解】1.词汇积累
愚蠢的：stupid→ foolish
此外：besides → what’s more
感激的：grateful→ thankful
由于：because of→ due to
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Now I want to express to cousin that how grateful I am, and her words “don’t give up, just try again” are always in my heart.
拓展句：Now I want to express to cousin that how grateful I am, whose words “don’t give up, just try again” are always in my heart.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Not only my teachers and classmates, but also my mother always scold that how stupid I was.（运用了not only…but also..连接的固定句型）
【高分句型2】When I was a child, I always thought to be weak because I'm thin and weak in sports and math.（运用了when引导的时间状语从句）
6． With increasing study and employment pressure, many students are seeking for comfort. Therefore, some praise-seeking groups come into being. Those in favor of it hold the belief that with more praise and compliment, they are more confident and optimistic for the future, while others don’t agree with it, for students are likely to escape pressure and their shortcoming, so they can’t develop themselves properly.
From my point of view, we can’t ignore the positive effect of praise-seeking groups on the students. With others’ encouragement, it’s certain that we are more likely to make it and be happy. However, without fully knowing ourselves, we are doomed to fail. Therefore, when we enjoy others’ praise, we must recognize our strengths and weakness, and try to learn from others’ strengths to make up for our own weaknesses.
【分析】本文属于议论文，要求写一篇关于夸夸群的议论文。
【详解】本文属于议论文，要求写一篇关于夸夸群的议论文，时态用一般现在时，本文主要要点如下：①某大学一宿舍的学生突发奇想建立了“夸夸群”。在群里，无论发生什么都会收到别人的夸奖和赞扬，心情不好，压力太大的时候也能收到安慰：② 但有些同学认为很假，应该建立“喷喷群；③自己的观点；④陈述理由。
第二步：根据关键要点，确定关键词，praise-seeking group（夸夸群），praise and compliment（赞美），confident and optimistic（自信乐观）等。
第三步：根据提示及关键词进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题以及句子结构完整。
第四步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，使之自然流畅，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面。
【点睛】本篇范文结构清晰，内容完整，过渡衔接严谨自然，符合议论文的要求，其中不乏亮点句型。
同位语从句的使用Those in favor of it hold the belief that with more praise and compliment, they are more confident and optimistic for the future, while others don’t agree with it, for students are likely to escape pressure and their shortcoming, so they can’t develop themselves properly.
时间状语从句的使用Therefore, when we enjoy others’ praise, we must recognize our strengths and weakness, and try to learn from others’ strengths to make up for our own weaknesses.
7．Dear editors,
Hearing that you are looking for some opinions on “What children should learn most”, I feel honored to be able to share my views with you.
Personally speaking, I’m strongly against the idea that children should spend all of their spare time learning playing the piano, English or any other subjects. As far as I’m concerned, children should first equip them with the ability to tell right from wrong.
When I was a child, I was once caught cheating in the exam. I felt so embarrassed that I wished the floor would open up. To my surprise, my teacher didn’t yell at me but had a talk with me in private. From the private talk I gained a lesson that I should never take a wrong shortcut even though I am eager to succeed.
Nowadays children are often told that they should achieve their goals whatever they do, which leads them to wrong ways sometimes. Hence, learning how to tell right from wrong is the first and most important thing children should learn.
Thank you for taking time to read my letter. I hope my opinions will be a different voice among all the letters received.
Yours sincerely,
Wang Lei
【分析】这是一篇应用文。本篇要求考生给英语报刊的编辑写信，发表自己对“学生最应该学会生么”的观点。
【详解】体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态应以一般现在时为主
结构：总分总
要求：
1. 你认为学生最应该学会什么？
2. 结合自身情况谈谈你这么认为的理由。
第二步：列提纲（重点词组）
look for/ share sth. with sb./ spend time in doing sth./ as far as sb. be concerned/ equip…with…/ to one’s surprise/ be eager to do sth./ lead to
第三步：连词成句
Hearing that you are looking for some opinions on “What children should learn most”, I feel honored to be able to share my views with you.
I’m strongly against the idea that children should spend all of their spare time learning playing the piano, English or any other subjects.
In my opinion, children should first equip them with the ability to tell right from wrong.
When I was a child, I was once caught cheating in the exam.
I felt so embarrassed that I wished the floor would open up.
To my surprise, my teacher didn’t yell at me but had a talk with me in private.
From the private talk I gained a lesson that I should never take a wrong shortcut even though I am eager to succeed.
Nowadays children are often told that they should achieve their goals whatever they do, which leads them to wrong ways sometimes.
Learning how to tell right from wrong is the first and most important thing children should learn.
Thank you for taking time to read my letter.
I hope my opinions will be a different voice among all the letters received.
第四步：连句成篇（加入衔接词或从句）
表示并列的连词：and/but/or/so…
状语从句连词：because/ if/ though/ although…
定语从句连词：which/ that/ when/ where…
第五步：修改润色（加入高级词汇或短语）
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了一些高级表达，例如：Hearing that you are looking for some opinions on “What children should learn most”, I feel honored to be able to share my views with you.中使用了现在分词作状语，that引导宾语从句； Personally speaking, I’m strongly against the idea that children should spend all of their spare time learning playing the piano, English or any other subjects.中that引导同位语从句。
8．Digital content is important to us, and meanwhile, overstocking digital materials is popular. However, digital hoarding becomes uncontrollable because hoarders seldom know the space limitations in the expandable digital space. Moreover, digital contents are easy to get and shoot up. To keep mentally healthy, you should reduce digital footprint and avoid some unimportant social networks.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章提出了“数字囤积”这一现象，分析了导致这种现象的原因，给人们带来的负面影响，以及如何减少数字足迹。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①In the modern world, it is unavoidable that digital content plays an important role in our lives.
②In a recent paper published in the journal Information & Management, we have investigated a rising phenomenon called “digital hoarding”
③First, the digital hoarder is less likely to notice the space limitations in the digital world.
④Second, hoarding of physical objects happens in fixed boundaries, while digital spaces are “expandable”— you can get additional digital storage with minimum effort at very little or zero cost.
⑤Third, to hoard physical items, a person needs to expend some effort, such as purchasing them
⑥Fourth, compared with physical stuff, digital contents can be multiplied, for example, by making copies, with very minimal effort.
⑦If you think you’re holding onto too much digital content, you can try cleaning your digital footprint, reducing unnecessary digital content, coming up with simple methods to organize your files, pictures and videos. What’s more, reassess the importance of many social networks, including groups in many communication apps, and keep only those essential to you.
2.缜密构思
将①②，③④，⑤⑥六个要点进行整合，将⑦要点进行精简
3.遣词造句
Digital content is important to us, and meanwhile, overstocking digital materials is popular.
However, digital hoarding becomes uncontrollable because hoarders seldom know the space limitations in the expandable digital space. Moreover, digital contents are easy to get and shoot up.
To keep mentally healthy, you should reduce digital footprint and avoid some unimportant social networks.
【点睛】[高分句型1]Digital content is important to us, and meanwhile, overstocking digital materials is popular. 用一个简单句对第二段和第四段部分内容进行总结。
[高分句型2]To keep mentally healthy, you should reduce digital footprint and avoid some unimportant social networks.用一个简单句对最后一段内容进行总结，其中使用了不定式作状语，表达高级。
9．One possible version:
Three kinds of fatigue exist. They are caused by different reasons and should be relieved with different methods. Exercise causes physical fatigue, which simple rest can eliminate. Pathological fatigue can be caused by diseases or overweight and should be seriously treated. Psychological fatigue is related to one’s unstable emotion, so physical labor or mental treatment can work.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，疲劳有三种。它们是由不同的原因引起的，应该用不同的方法来缓解。运动会导致身体疲劳，而简单的休息就可以消除疲劳。病理性疲劳可由疾病或超重引起，应认真对待。心理疲劳与人的情绪不稳定有关，体力劳动或精神治疗都能起到作用。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Basically, there are three types of fatigue, physical, pathological (由疾病引起的), and psychological.
②When you exercise your body, you produce waste products.
③The solution to this type of fatigue is simple — rest.
④Some communicable diseases like the flu and colds are “well” known for draining your energy.
⑤Being overweight can cause pathological fatigue. It should be obvious that this type of fatigue is not going to go away without treatment.
⑥Some of these familiar factors can bring on psychological fatigue: worries, stress, lack of exercise, boredom, depression.
⑦If you are ever going to be able to cope with stress, depression, or worry, you need oxygen in your cells and a more optimistic attitude.
2.缜密构思
将第1个要点进行重组，将第2、3和4、5和6、7几个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句T
Three kinds of fatigue exist.
They are caused by different reasons and should be relieved with different methods.
Exercise causes physical fatigue, which simple rest can eliminate.
Pathological fatigue can be caused by diseases or overweight and should be seriously treated.
Psychological fatigue is related to one’s unstable emotion, so physical labor or mental treatment can work.
【点睛】[高分句型1]：Exercise causes physical fatigue, which simple rest can eliminate.(运用which引导的非限定性定语从句)
[高分句型2]：Psychological fatigue is related to one’s unstable emotion, so physical labor or mental treatment can work. (运用so引导的并列句)
10．Students are given access to e-textbooks and people think technology improves their learning. Unfortunately, it’s not always true. We should learn the following lessons. First, different reading purposes require different reading media. Second, teachers should help students realize that the reading medium may affect their understanding. Finally, students should be taught to read slower on the computer.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，学生们可以使用电子教科书，人们认为科技提高了他们的学习。不幸的是，这并不总是正确的。我们应该了解以下原因。首先，不同的阅读目的需要不同的阅读媒介。第二，教师应该帮助学生认识到阅读媒介可能会影响他们的理解。最后，应该教学生在电脑上慢速阅读。
【详解】要点摘录
①We’ve seen students now equipped with school-issued iPads and access to e-textbooks. Given this trend, it might be assumed that students’ familiarity and preference for technology translates into better learning outcomes. But more and more studies show that it’s not always the case. So, there are some lessons that can be conveyed to us about print’s place in an increasingly digital world.
②As we’re about to pick up an article or text in a printed or digital format, we should keep in mind why we’re reading. There’s likely to be a difference in which medium works best for which purpose.
③But when the reading assignment demands more engagement or deeper comprehension, students may be better off reading print. Teachers could make students aware that their ability to comprehend the assignment may be influenced by the medium they choose.
④But they actually read slower when the text was on the computer than when it was in a book. Using this select group as a model, students could possibly be taught or directed to fight the tendency to glide through online texts.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Students are given access to e-textbooks and people think technology improves their learning. Unfortunately, it’s not always true. We should learn the following lessons.
First, different reading purposes require different reading media.
Second, teachers should help students realize that the reading medium may affect their understanding.
Finally, students should be taught to read slower on the computer.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Students are given access to e-textbooks and people think technology improves their learning.运用一般现在时的被动语态对原文第一段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] Second, teachers should help students realize that the reading medium may affect their understanding.用that引导宾语从句对第三段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
11．There’s a growing trend towards a cashless society. Supporters believe paying without cash helps combat crime and saves them from paying extra fees. However, going completely cashless means excluding certain people in society and causing potential new financial crimes. Therefore, we should leave some space to make a cash-free future happen naturally while we manage to solve these problems.
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍说，现在越来越趋向于无现金社会，支持者认为，无现金支付有助于打击犯罪，然而，完全无现金化意味着将某些人排除在社会之外，并导致潜在的新金融犯罪。因此，在解决这些问题的同时，我们应该留出一些空间，让无现金的未来自然发生。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①The rise of contactless payment and digital wallets is making cash useless in a lot of cities.
②Since all digital transactions leave a record behind, anyone with an interest in learning about the cash flow of a business or individual could easily trace where the money came from.
③There is another benefit to cashless societies: there no longer needs to be an intermediary to pay extra fees.
④A completely digital system would leave a lot of people on the outside looking in not just the homeless, but also the elderly who would not know how to deal with cashless systems.
⑤What's more, the users themselves will have to avoid falling victim to identity theft and online fraud.
⑥These are challenges that won’t be easy to solve. It feels like our best bet is leaving space for the shift to happen naturally.
2.缜密构思将第1个要点改写，第2、3两个要点进行重组，第4、5两个要点进行重组，将第6个要点改写。
3.遣词造句
There’s a growing trend towards a cashless society.
Supporters believe paying without cash helps combat crime and saves them from paying extra fees.
However, going completely cashless means excluding certain people in society and causing potential new financial crimes.
Therefore, we should leave some space to make a cash-free future happen naturally while we manage to solve these problems.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Supporters believe paying without cash helps combat crime and saves them from paying extra fees. 用了省略that引导的宾语从句。
[高分句型2] However, going completely cashless means excluding certain people in society and causing potential new financial crimes. 用了动名词短语作主语。
12．Social media can cause depressive symptoms, because people are likely to compare with their friends. It can result in insignificant and insecure feelings about themselves, since they cannot resist their own desire to compare with their friends about their good things. Therefore, people should stay away from the WeChat for a while.
【导语】本文属于议论文，社交媒体发展所带来的不正确的比较会让我们更容易抑郁，人们在社交媒体中总是忍不住要去和朋友作比较，而朋友更多展示好的，隐藏了不好的东西，因此有碍于提升幸福感。所以要提升幸福感就要适当避开社交媒体。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Spending too much time comparing your life with the seemingly perfect lives of your friends on social media can result in depressive symptoms.
②The potential impact online social comparison can have on a person’s mental health.
③That social comparison leads to feelings of insignificance and insecurity.
④So if you are the jealous type, maybe think about signing off of your WeChat for a while. Your well-being may depend on it.
2.缜密构思 将第1、4两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Spending too much time on social media can lead to symptoms of depression.
This is because when reading the information of friends, they often have feelings of comparison and dissatisfaction with their own lives.
Social comparisons in social media are associated with negative health outcomes like depressive symptoms and decreased self-esteem.
Avoid social media to boost your happiness.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Social media can cause depressive symptoms, because people are likely to compare with their friends.运用because引导的原因状语从句，对第二段内容进行概括。
[高分句型2] It can result in insignificant and insecure feelings about themselves, since they cannot resist their own desire to compare with their friends about their good things.运用了介词短语对社交媒体所带来的的消极影响进行了概括，表达非常高级。
13．Despite its symbolization of wealth in the past and great changes to people’s life, cars have caused many negative effects. First, by emitting greenhouse gases, they threaten the environment. Besides, energy-consuming cars are not sustainable to the society. Therefore, the government has taken various measures like restrictions. Last, public transport is a good remedy thanks to the high-tech. (58words)
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了拥有汽车已不是财富和社会地位的象征，有车一族数量的增加带来了许多负面影响，威胁着我们的环境，浪费了更多的能源，并提出人们应该减少汽车的使用，通过政府采取措施，公共交通系统进步改变人们出行方式，技术进步降低乘坐公共交通成本等方法减少私家车的使用。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Tracking back to the past when only the rich were qualified to possess private cars, we couldn’t help marveling at the historic change such a convenient invention brought to people’s daily lives.
②Nevertheless, the increase in the number of car owners is spelling many negative effects.
③Every day, thousands of private cars are emitting tons of exhausted gas that seriously pollutes the air.
④In addition, more energy is being wasted because of the production of private cars.
⑤In fact, diversified measures are being taken by the government to limit the use of cars.
⑥In the meanwhile, advances in technology might help cut down the cost of travelling in public vehicles.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行重组；将3、4两个要点进行整合；将5、6两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Despite its symbolization of wealth in the past and great changes to people’s life, cars have caused many negative effects.
By emitting greenhouse gases, they threaten the environment.
Energy-consuming cars are not sustainable to the society.
the government has taken various measures like restrictions.
public transport is a good remedy thanks to the high-tech.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Despite its symbolization of wealth in the past and great changes to people’s life, cars have caused many negative effects. 运用介词“Despite+名词”表示“即使”，对原文第一段进行了概括。表达高级。
[高分句型2]：By emitting greenhouse gases, they threaten the environment. 用介词短语作方式状语对第二段的大量使用私家车造成空气污染的消极影响进行了概括，表达非常高级。
14．Herbal medicine, abstracted from entire plants in various forms, is a way to treat some disease. (要点1)It has more advantages over chemical medicine owing to its better effectiveness and milder side effects. (要点2)However, herbal medicine also has disadvantages like time-consuming recovery, possible recovery, possible allergy. (要点3)Therefore, it is advisable for us to use herbs cautiously in case of potentially risky consequences. (要点4)
【分析】这是一篇概要写作。现在越来越多人喜欢采用草药来治疗疾病，基于该现象，作者通过这篇文章介绍了草药的优缺点。
【详解】通读全文，我们可以从以下四个方面对本文进行总结：草药，以各种形式从植物种提取，是一种治疗疾病的方法；和化学药物相比，它具有更好的疗效和更小的副作用；草药也有缺点，例如恢复耗时长、可能的恢复，以及过敏可能。因此，医生建议我们谨慎使用草药，以免出现潜在的危险后果。
故可总结为：Herbal medicine, abstracted from entire plants in various forms, is a way to treat some disease. (要点1)It has more advantages over chemical medicine owing to its better effectiveness and milder side effects. (要点2)However, herbal medicine also has disadvantages like time-consuming recovery, possible recovery, possible allergy. (要点3)Therefore, it is advisable for us to use herbs cautiously in case of potentially risky consequences. (要点4)
答案第8页，共18页
答案第9页，共18页