人教版（2019）选择性必修 第四册Unit 1 Science Fiction课件(共46张PPT)
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）选择性必修 第四册Unit 1 Science Fiction课件(共46张PPT) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-04-12 19:26:19 | ||
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(共46张PPT)
SCIENCE
FICTION
高中英语新人教选择性必修四
XB4U1 Review useful structure
the passive voice
语法
Learning Objectives
At the end of the class, you will be able to:
To review and sum up the rules of the passive voice.
To know the common forms of writing that use the passive voice, such as notice, news report, newspaper headlines, article of science and technology.
To use the passive voice to express in writing.
Warm-up
part 1
Let’s watch a short video about Sophia, an advanced AI robot, being interviewed by an editor.
She answers that her happy place is when she is with people.
In the video, Sophia is being interviewed by the editor- in -chief of Stylist . When she is asked what her happy place is, how does she answer
That means Sophia is always happy to be surrounded by people.
So clever is Sophia, and she has been awarded the first Saudi citizenship for a robot. This is historical to be the first robot in the world to be recognized with a citizenship.
Passive voice is used in these sentences.
The passive voice
part 2
Why do we use passive voice
When is the passive voice commonly used？
When is the passive voice commonly used？
用在较为正式的场合
What will you see in a newspaper:
Last night a fire broke out at the 5th Main Street, …
all the people were rescued.
some people rescued all the residents in the building.
Do you know the story of A Charming Monkey
What’s the difference between monkey and human
Let’s see the dialogue between them.
Charles Darwin (invite) to dinner. He happened to be sitting with a beautiful young lady.
"Mr. Darwin," the scientist (ask) the lady in a joking voice. "In your opinion, man (change) from the monkey. Was I changed from a monkey, too "
“Oh, of course you are,” Darwin said politely, looking at her, ”but you were not changed from a plain, but from a very charming monkey.”
was once invited
was asked by
is changed
图标可点击
Charles Darwin was once invited to dinner.
There is no need to say who invited it.
1
When is the passive voice commonly used？
The scientist was asked by the lady in a joking voice.
The performer is to be highlighted.
2
When is the passive voice commonly used？
Man is changed from the monkey.
Don't know the performer，or the performer is unimportant (and therefore omitted).
3
When is the passive voice commonly used？
什么时候常用被动语态
强调动作的承受者
不知道动作的执行者
说出谁做的没必要
Tense Auxiliary verb + V3 (past participle)
Present simple
Present progressive
Past simple
Past progressive
Future (will)
Future (going to)
Present perfect
Past perfect
Future perfect
Modals: can/could...
Forming the passive voice
am, is, are + done
am, is, are + being + done
was, were + done
was, were + being + done
will be + done
am, is, are + going to be + done
has, have + been + done
had + been + done
will + have been + done
can, could + be + done
The bike was stolen.
The bike was stolen by Mike.
被动语态表示以主语为承受者的动作
系表结构表示主语的特点或者所处的状态
主系表？or 被动语态？
“get+done”构成被动语态 用来表示状态或情况：
get married 结婚 get engaged 订婚
get hurt/wounded 受伤 get lost 迷路
get drunk 喝醉了
get caught/stuck/trapped 被困
get dressed 穿好衣服
get run over 被(车)轧
Review and Recall
特殊结构的被动形式
(1) 双宾动词的被动结构
例：He gave her some money.
She was given some money.
Some money was given to her.
带有双宾语的主动句，变被动句时，一般把“人”提前作主语；将“物”提前则要在“人”的前面加 to 或 for。
Review and Recall
带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时, 一般将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语, 而将宾语补足语保留不动(这时的宾语补足语为主语补足语)。
(2) 带复合宾语的动词的被动结构
例：His father called him Jack.
He was called Jack by his father.
Review and Recall
(3)“it + be + 过去分词 + 从句”式的被动结构
常见的结构有：
It is known that ...
It is suggested that ...
It is believed that ...
It is reported that ...
It is said that ...
It is hoped that ...
1. 在三个需要need, want, require等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其意义相当于动词不定式的被动形式
The way we read need ___________
(change).
to be changed
The passive voice--special usage
changing
被动语态— 特殊结构
2. 在be worth doing中， doing 形式用主动形式表示被动意义。
Many classic works are worth ___________ (read).
reading
被动语态— 特殊结构
3. 在“be+形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义
常见形容词有：cheap, easy, comfortable, difficult, hard, light, heavy, expensive, pleasant, interesting, fit 等。
These classic works may be difficult _______________ (understand).
to understand
被动语态— 特殊结构
4. 在too… to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义
These classic works may even be _______________________ (太贵了买不起).
too expensive for us to buy
被动语态— 特殊结构
5. 在there be句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物
What makes the difference
But there is no time to lose.
to be lost
被动语态— 特殊结构
6. 在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常用来表被动；如：rent, blame, let等。
Who is to blame for your ignorance when you are old
The policy is partly _________ (blame) for causing
the worst unemployment in Europe.
to blame
被动语态— 特殊结构
8. 在there be句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物
What makes the difference
But there is no time to lose.
to be lost
语法总结：被动语态特殊结构
动名词
主动表被动
不定式
主动形式表被动
There be
不定式作定语
在need, want, require, bear等词后面作宾语
在 adj. + worth 后面作宾语
adj. + to do结构
too---to---结构
不定式主动式 重点在人
不定式被动式 重点在物
be to blame/ rent/ let
Exercise
part 3
Exercise
The way we read need ______________ (change).
Many classic works are worth ______________ (read).
These classic works may be difficult ______________ (understand).
These classic works may even be too expensive for us ______________ (buy).
But there is no time ______________ (lose).
Who is ______________ (blame) for your ignorance when you are old
to buy
reading
to understand
changing
to lose
to blame
语法填空
She was seen ___________ (dance) in the playground last night.
The shoes is very dirty, so it needs ___________ (wash).
I’m glad that my book ___________ (sell) well.
A competition ____________ (take) place next week.
to dance
washing
sells
will take
语法填空
The house needs ___________ (repair).
The pen ___________ (write) so smoothly that I recommend you to buy one.
Great changes ___________ (take) place in China in the past ten years.
The children were seen ___________ (dance) in the park yesterday.
He is made ___________ (work) 14 hours a week by his boss.
repairing
writes
have taken
to dance
to work
summary
“10大动词”还原 to
一感feel
二听listen to , look
三使let/make/ have
五看see/watch/ observe/ look at/notice
半帮助help
“需要”主动表被动
“3种动词”无被动
“3种动词”无被动
一连系：sound, smell, look, taste, feel + adj
二动词：happen,sell, wash, write，fail, prove,benefit, possess, cost, last, hold,owe,lack,resemble...
三短语：
break down, break out, catch a cold, take place, take one's place, keep silence, keep words, feel like, belong to, lose heart, make a face, make up one's mind, run out...
Assignment
part 4
Complete the sentences with appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets. Then try to translate these sentences into Chinese. (P5 E2)
What is done cannot ___________. (undo)
be undone
木已成舟
Janet ___________ chairwoman of the student union last month. (elect)
was elected
Two hundred grammes of flour should _________ to the cake mix. (add)
珍妮特上个月当选为学生会主席。
be added
蛋糕料里需要加入两百克面粉。
A 3,000-seat venue ________________________ for the circus performance in November. (build)
was built / will be built
一个拥有三千座位,供马戏表演使用的场地于十一月建成 / 将在十一月建成。
Working efficiency _________________ since this new software was adopted. (improve)
Only one piece of carry-on luggage _______________ for each economy class passenger. (allow)
自从采用了新软件,工作效率就被提升了。
has been improved
It is a great honour for me to______________ to address this international AI conference. (invite)
经济舱的乘客每人仅允许携带一件随身行李。
is allowed
be invited
我很荣幸能被邀请在 AI 大会上发言。
When I entered the room, I found that the salesman’s salary ____________________ at the meeting. (discuss)
With exams being adapted into Braille, a blind senior high school student scored 630 points out of 650 in the College Entrance Examination. He is expected _____________ to atop university. (admit)
我进会议室的时候发现正在讨论销售员的薪水。
was being discussed
使用转换为盲文的高考试卷,一位高中的视障学生考取了630分(总分650）。他有望被一所名校录取。
to be admitted
Read the introduction to a science fiction novel and complete the passage using the correct forms of the words in the box. (P5 E3)
《三体》是刘慈欣创作的长篇科幻小说系列，由《三体》《三体2∶黑暗森林》《三体3∶死神永生》组成，第一部于2006年5月起在《科幻世界》杂志上连载。作品讲述了地球人类文明和三体文明的信息交流、生死搏杀及两个文明在宇宙中的兴衰历程。
Science fiction __________ by many people as a mirror through which our future can be freely imagined and ___________________. The Three-Body Problem, ______ by Chinese writer Liu Cixin, is one of those astonishing predictions about the future. The work was first published in a Chinese sci-fi magazine in 2006 and printed as a three-volume book in 2008. When the first volume _______________ into English by Chinese-American author Ken Liu, it attracted attention around the world, becoming the first Asian winner of the Hugo Award for Best Novel. The book __________ many themes such as space exploration, alien contact, Al, and the future of humans.
Para 1
is regarded
explored / represented
written
was translated
represents
The Three-Body Problem begins with the stories of two unrelated people, Ye Wenjie and WangMiao. Ye _____________ to join a secret project in a remote area of China, which ______________ to contact alien life forms. In the other story, set 20 years later, Wang Miao _____________ in a popular online game called “Three Body”, in which people live on an unknown planet with three suns. But Wang discovers it is more than a game — it uncovers a great danger threatening human existence. How are these two people’s stories ___________ And how will their behaviour change Earth’s future and the civilisations of other planets Answers to all these questions are waiting to _______________ when you go on reading.
Para 2
be discovered
is recruited
has been set up
gets caught up
connected
Why does the author write this passage
Read the passage again and answer the questions blow. (P5 E3)
How does he / she convey his / her purpose
The passage is a book introduction to the sci-fi novel The Three-Body Problem, written by Chinese writer Liu Cixin. With The Three-Body Problem, the writer intends to tell us how our future can be freely imagined and represented in science fiction.
The first paragraph tells about the book’s writer and translator and introduces its influence and achievement. The second paragraph contains a very brief summary of the book’s beginning, which is aimed to arouse readers’ curiosity.
链接高考
在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. (2022浙江1月卷) Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ______________________ (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. 2. (2021全国甲卷)The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It __________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).3. (2021天津卷) Currently, about 35,000 works ___________________(display) in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything.4. (2021浙江1月卷) It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 ____________ (consider) healthy.5. (2021浙江6月卷) Mary's niece wrote, "The little home ____________(paint) white. It was sweet and fresh.
is viewed/has been viewed
was built
is considered
was painted
are being displayed
链接高考
6 (2020天津卷) The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ____________ (remain) around that level since.
7. (2020全国I卷) “This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon ____________ (construct)”.
8. (2020全国III卷) The artist was sure he would __________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed.
9. (2020北京卷) Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they ____________ (throw) away.
10. (2020浙江7月卷) And，as more children were born，more food ____________ (need). Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology to change lives.
has remained
is constructed
are thrown
was needed
be chosen
Homework
Finish Exercise 4 on Page 61 and Exercise 1, Exercise 2, Exercise 3, and Exercise 4 on Page 62.
SCIENCE
FICTION
高中英语新人教选择性必修四
XB4U1 Review useful structure
the passive voice
语法
Learning Objectives
At the end of the class, you will be able to:
To review and sum up the rules of the passive voice.
To know the common forms of writing that use the passive voice, such as notice, news report, newspaper headlines, article of science and technology.
To use the passive voice to express in writing.
Warm-up
part 1
Let’s watch a short video about Sophia, an advanced AI robot, being interviewed by an editor.
She answers that her happy place is when she is with people.
In the video, Sophia is being interviewed by the editor- in -chief of Stylist . When she is asked what her happy place is, how does she answer
That means Sophia is always happy to be surrounded by people.
So clever is Sophia, and she has been awarded the first Saudi citizenship for a robot. This is historical to be the first robot in the world to be recognized with a citizenship.
Passive voice is used in these sentences.
The passive voice
part 2
Why do we use passive voice
When is the passive voice commonly used？
When is the passive voice commonly used？
用在较为正式的场合
What will you see in a newspaper:
Last night a fire broke out at the 5th Main Street, …
all the people were rescued.
some people rescued all the residents in the building.
Do you know the story of A Charming Monkey
What’s the difference between monkey and human
Let’s see the dialogue between them.
Charles Darwin (invite) to dinner. He happened to be sitting with a beautiful young lady.
"Mr. Darwin," the scientist (ask) the lady in a joking voice. "In your opinion, man (change) from the monkey. Was I changed from a monkey, too "
“Oh, of course you are,” Darwin said politely, looking at her, ”but you were not changed from a plain, but from a very charming monkey.”
was once invited
was asked by
is changed
图标可点击
Charles Darwin was once invited to dinner.
There is no need to say who invited it.
1
When is the passive voice commonly used？
The scientist was asked by the lady in a joking voice.
The performer is to be highlighted.
2
When is the passive voice commonly used？
Man is changed from the monkey.
Don't know the performer，or the performer is unimportant (and therefore omitted).
3
When is the passive voice commonly used？
什么时候常用被动语态
强调动作的承受者
不知道动作的执行者
说出谁做的没必要
Tense Auxiliary verb + V3 (past participle)
Present simple
Present progressive
Past simple
Past progressive
Future (will)
Future (going to)
Present perfect
Past perfect
Future perfect
Modals: can/could...
Forming the passive voice
am, is, are + done
am, is, are + being + done
was, were + done
was, were + being + done
will be + done
am, is, are + going to be + done
has, have + been + done
had + been + done
will + have been + done
can, could + be + done
The bike was stolen.
The bike was stolen by Mike.
被动语态表示以主语为承受者的动作
系表结构表示主语的特点或者所处的状态
主系表？or 被动语态？
“get+done”构成被动语态 用来表示状态或情况：
get married 结婚 get engaged 订婚
get hurt/wounded 受伤 get lost 迷路
get drunk 喝醉了
get caught/stuck/trapped 被困
get dressed 穿好衣服
get run over 被(车)轧
Review and Recall
特殊结构的被动形式
(1) 双宾动词的被动结构
例：He gave her some money.
She was given some money.
Some money was given to her.
带有双宾语的主动句，变被动句时，一般把“人”提前作主语；将“物”提前则要在“人”的前面加 to 或 for。
Review and Recall
带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时, 一般将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语, 而将宾语补足语保留不动(这时的宾语补足语为主语补足语)。
(2) 带复合宾语的动词的被动结构
例：His father called him Jack.
He was called Jack by his father.
Review and Recall
(3)“it + be + 过去分词 + 从句”式的被动结构
常见的结构有：
It is known that ...
It is suggested that ...
It is believed that ...
It is reported that ...
It is said that ...
It is hoped that ...
1. 在三个需要need, want, require等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其意义相当于动词不定式的被动形式
The way we read need ___________
(change).
to be changed
The passive voice--special usage
changing
被动语态— 特殊结构
2. 在be worth doing中， doing 形式用主动形式表示被动意义。
Many classic works are worth ___________ (read).
reading
被动语态— 特殊结构
3. 在“be+形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义
常见形容词有：cheap, easy, comfortable, difficult, hard, light, heavy, expensive, pleasant, interesting, fit 等。
These classic works may be difficult _______________ (understand).
to understand
被动语态— 特殊结构
4. 在too… to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义
These classic works may even be _______________________ (太贵了买不起).
too expensive for us to buy
被动语态— 特殊结构
5. 在there be句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物
What makes the difference
But there is no time to lose.
to be lost
被动语态— 特殊结构
6. 在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常用来表被动；如：rent, blame, let等。
Who is to blame for your ignorance when you are old
The policy is partly _________ (blame) for causing
the worst unemployment in Europe.
to blame
被动语态— 特殊结构
8. 在there be句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物
What makes the difference
But there is no time to lose.
to be lost
语法总结：被动语态特殊结构
动名词
主动表被动
不定式
主动形式表被动
There be
不定式作定语
在need, want, require, bear等词后面作宾语
在 adj. + worth 后面作宾语
adj. + to do结构
too---to---结构
不定式主动式 重点在人
不定式被动式 重点在物
be to blame/ rent/ let
Exercise
part 3
Exercise
The way we read need ______________ (change).
Many classic works are worth ______________ (read).
These classic works may be difficult ______________ (understand).
These classic works may even be too expensive for us ______________ (buy).
But there is no time ______________ (lose).
Who is ______________ (blame) for your ignorance when you are old
to buy
reading
to understand
changing
to lose
to blame
语法填空
She was seen ___________ (dance) in the playground last night.
The shoes is very dirty, so it needs ___________ (wash).
I’m glad that my book ___________ (sell) well.
A competition ____________ (take) place next week.
to dance
washing
sells
will take
语法填空
The house needs ___________ (repair).
The pen ___________ (write) so smoothly that I recommend you to buy one.
Great changes ___________ (take) place in China in the past ten years.
The children were seen ___________ (dance) in the park yesterday.
He is made ___________ (work) 14 hours a week by his boss.
repairing
writes
have taken
to dance
to work
summary
“10大动词”还原 to
一感feel
二听listen to , look
三使let/make/ have
五看see/watch/ observe/ look at/notice
半帮助help
“需要”主动表被动
“3种动词”无被动
“3种动词”无被动
一连系：sound, smell, look, taste, feel + adj
二动词：happen,sell, wash, write，fail, prove,benefit, possess, cost, last, hold,owe,lack,resemble...
三短语：
break down, break out, catch a cold, take place, take one's place, keep silence, keep words, feel like, belong to, lose heart, make a face, make up one's mind, run out...
Assignment
part 4
Complete the sentences with appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets. Then try to translate these sentences into Chinese. (P5 E2)
What is done cannot ___________. (undo)
be undone
木已成舟
Janet ___________ chairwoman of the student union last month. (elect)
was elected
Two hundred grammes of flour should _________ to the cake mix. (add)
珍妮特上个月当选为学生会主席。
be added
蛋糕料里需要加入两百克面粉。
A 3,000-seat venue ________________________ for the circus performance in November. (build)
was built / will be built
一个拥有三千座位,供马戏表演使用的场地于十一月建成 / 将在十一月建成。
Working efficiency _________________ since this new software was adopted. (improve)
Only one piece of carry-on luggage _______________ for each economy class passenger. (allow)
自从采用了新软件,工作效率就被提升了。
has been improved
It is a great honour for me to______________ to address this international AI conference. (invite)
经济舱的乘客每人仅允许携带一件随身行李。
is allowed
be invited
我很荣幸能被邀请在 AI 大会上发言。
When I entered the room, I found that the salesman’s salary ____________________ at the meeting. (discuss)
With exams being adapted into Braille, a blind senior high school student scored 630 points out of 650 in the College Entrance Examination. He is expected _____________ to atop university. (admit)
我进会议室的时候发现正在讨论销售员的薪水。
was being discussed
使用转换为盲文的高考试卷,一位高中的视障学生考取了630分(总分650）。他有望被一所名校录取。
to be admitted
Read the introduction to a science fiction novel and complete the passage using the correct forms of the words in the box. (P5 E3)
《三体》是刘慈欣创作的长篇科幻小说系列，由《三体》《三体2∶黑暗森林》《三体3∶死神永生》组成，第一部于2006年5月起在《科幻世界》杂志上连载。作品讲述了地球人类文明和三体文明的信息交流、生死搏杀及两个文明在宇宙中的兴衰历程。
Science fiction __________ by many people as a mirror through which our future can be freely imagined and ___________________. The Three-Body Problem, ______ by Chinese writer Liu Cixin, is one of those astonishing predictions about the future. The work was first published in a Chinese sci-fi magazine in 2006 and printed as a three-volume book in 2008. When the first volume _______________ into English by Chinese-American author Ken Liu, it attracted attention around the world, becoming the first Asian winner of the Hugo Award for Best Novel. The book __________ many themes such as space exploration, alien contact, Al, and the future of humans.
Para 1
is regarded
explored / represented
written
was translated
represents
The Three-Body Problem begins with the stories of two unrelated people, Ye Wenjie and WangMiao. Ye _____________ to join a secret project in a remote area of China, which ______________ to contact alien life forms. In the other story, set 20 years later, Wang Miao _____________ in a popular online game called “Three Body”, in which people live on an unknown planet with three suns. But Wang discovers it is more than a game — it uncovers a great danger threatening human existence. How are these two people’s stories ___________ And how will their behaviour change Earth’s future and the civilisations of other planets Answers to all these questions are waiting to _______________ when you go on reading.
Para 2
be discovered
is recruited
has been set up
gets caught up
connected
Why does the author write this passage
Read the passage again and answer the questions blow. (P5 E3)
How does he / she convey his / her purpose
The passage is a book introduction to the sci-fi novel The Three-Body Problem, written by Chinese writer Liu Cixin. With The Three-Body Problem, the writer intends to tell us how our future can be freely imagined and represented in science fiction.
The first paragraph tells about the book’s writer and translator and introduces its influence and achievement. The second paragraph contains a very brief summary of the book’s beginning, which is aimed to arouse readers’ curiosity.
链接高考
在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. (2022浙江1月卷) Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ______________________ (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. 2. (2021全国甲卷)The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It __________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).3. (2021天津卷) Currently, about 35,000 works ___________________(display) in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything.4. (2021浙江1月卷) It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 ____________ (consider) healthy.5. (2021浙江6月卷) Mary's niece wrote, "The little home ____________(paint) white. It was sweet and fresh.
is viewed/has been viewed
was built
is considered
was painted
are being displayed
链接高考
6 (2020天津卷) The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ____________ (remain) around that level since.
7. (2020全国I卷) “This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon ____________ (construct)”.
8. (2020全国III卷) The artist was sure he would __________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed.
9. (2020北京卷) Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they ____________ (throw) away.
10. (2020浙江7月卷) And，as more children were born，more food ____________ (need). Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology to change lives.
has remained
is constructed
are thrown
was needed
be chosen
Homework
Finish Exercise 4 on Page 61 and Exercise 1, Exercise 2, Exercise 3, and Exercise 4 on Page 62.