人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册 Unit1 Science Fiction Vocabulary单词讲解课件（64张ppt）

(共64张PPT)
Book 4 unit1
SCIENCE FICTION
vocabulary (1)
fiction
1.fiction [ f k n]: n. 小说(U.); 虚构的事(C.)
science fiction
nonfiction 纪实文学
test sb. on sth. 在...方面测试某人
test sth. on. sb./sth. 在...身上测验...
test sb. for sth. 为某事检查某人
try out: 试用; 测试; 试验
3. test out: 检验; 测试
It was going to be tested out by Larry's wife, Claire.
课文
例句
常用搭配
同义词
reward [r w d]: n. 奖励; 报酬; 悬赏金
award [ w d]: n. 奖; 奖品; 奖金; 奖状
allowance [ la ns]: n. 津贴; 补助
money: n. 钱
cash: n. 现金
currency: n. 货币
4. bonus [ b n s]: n. 意外收获; 奖金; 红利
year-end bonus
5. more like...: 更像是; 更接近
He seemed more like a human than a machine.
be like…：像…
look like…：看起来像…
feel like doing sth. 想做.....
be least likely...最不可能
be likely to do sth. 有可能做....
课文
例句
词汇拓展
ridiculously: adv.荒唐地;
荒谬地; 令人惊奇地
It is ridiculous to do ...:
做什么是愚蠢的/荒谬的/荒唐的
It is ridiculous that ...:
...是愚蠢的/荒谬的/荒唐的
6. ridiculous [r d kj l s]: adj. 愚蠢的; 荒谬的; 荒唐的
Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot.........
课文
例句
常用搭配
同源词
honest [ n st]: adj. 诚实的; 正直的
honesty: n. 诚实; 正直
perfect [ p fikt]: adj. 完美的; 极好的; 理想的;正确的
7. integrity [ n teɡr ti]: n. 诚实正直; 完整; 完好
She gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him.
她逐渐欣赏托尼的智慧和正直，并且开始信任他。
课文
例句
同义词
with dignity: 有尊严地
8. dignity [ d ɡn ti]: n. 庄重; 庄严; 尊严
He always treated her with dignity.
课文
例句
常用搭配
a salary of 400,000 dollars a year
年薪40万美元
wage [we d ]: n. 工资(小时/天/周工资)
income: n. 收入; 收益
pay: n. 工资; 薪水
9. salary [ s l ri]: n. 薪水; 薪金
(常指月工资, 也可用来表示年薪。)
He wanted to improve his social position with a bigger salary.
例句
常用搭配
同义词
ridiculous [r d kj l s]: adj. 愚蠢的; 荒谬的; 荒唐的
It is absurd to do ...:
做什么是荒谬的/荒唐的
It is absurd that ...:
... 是荒谬的/荒唐的
10. absurd [ b s d]: adj. 荒谬的; 荒唐的
常用搭配
同义词
appoint : v. 任命; 委任; 约定
have an appointment with…:
和…约会 (办事情等)
have a date with…:
和…约会 (情人之间)
11. appointment [ p ntm nt]: n. 预约; 约会; 委任
She had an appointment to paint her nails， then she went into an expensive clothes shop.
课文
例句
常用搭配
同义词
同源词
hammer ['h m ]: n. 锤子
v. 锤击
nail... down: 把...盯牢/固定
nail... up: 用钉子把(门/窗)封住/封死;
用钉子把什么固定到什么上
12. nail [ne l]: n. 指甲; 趾甲; 钉子
vt. (用钉子)钉牢; 固定
相关词
常用搭配
salesman: n. 男售货员; 男推销员
13. saleswoman [ se lzw m n]: n. 女售货员; 女推销员
相关词
nephew [ nefju ]: n. 侄子; 外甥
niece [ni s]:
n. 侄女; 外甥女
spokesman [ se lzm n]:
n. 发言人，代言人
spokenswoman: n. 女发言人，女代言人
guilt: n. 内疚; 犯罪; 罪行
innocence [ n sns]:
n. 天真; 单纯; 无罪
innocent [ n snt ]: adj. 天真无邪的;
无辜的; 无恶意的
14. guilty [ ɡ lti]: adj. 内疚的; 有罪的; 有过失的
Although it was completely innocent， Claire felt guilty.
课文
例句
反义词
同源词
hang [h ]: v. 吊; 悬挂 (hung)
(经常用主动表示被动)
stop: v. 使停止; 停下; 停止
pause [p z]: v.暂停; 停顿
delay [d le ]: v. 延迟; 延期; 推迟
postpone [p sp n]: v. 延迟; 延期
put off: 推迟; 拖延
15. suspend [s spend]:vt. 悬; 挂; 暂停; 暂缓
Claire tried to help by working on a light suspended from the ceiling.
课文
例句
同义词
climb up/fall off a ladder :
爬上/跌下梯子
a flight of stairs: 一段楼梯
climb the stairs: 爬楼梯
upstairs: adv./adj. 楼上
downstairs: adv./adj. 楼下
16. ladder [ l d (r)]: n. 梯子; 阶梯
常用搭配
同义词
fire/dismiss sb: 解雇某人
hire/employ sb: 雇用某人
17. dismiss [d s m s]: vt. 让(某人)离开; 解散; 解雇; 消除
The guests would be arriving soon, so Claire dismissed Tony for the rest of the night.
课文
例句
同义词
declare war on…: 向…宣战
announce: v. 宣布; 宣告;
通知; 声称; 宣称
claim[kle m] : v. 宣称; 声称; 索取
18. declare [d kle (r)]: vt. 表明; 宣称; 公布
She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day.
课文
例句
常用搭配
同义词
while: conj. 然而
but: conj. 但是
however [ha ev ]: adv. 然而; 但是
regardless/despite of = in spite of
= in despite of = despite:
不管; 不顾; 尽管
19. whereas [ we r z]: conj. 然而; 但是; 尽管
They want a house, ______________ (然而) we would rather live in a flat.
whereas/while
课文
例句
同义词
start/spread a rumour:
制造/散布谣言
20. rumour/rumor [ ru m (r)]: n. 谣言; 传闻
常用搭配
presumption [pr z mp n]:
n. 假设; 假定
assume [ sju m]: v. 设想; 假定; 认为
suppose: v. 假定; 假设; 认为 (正式)
imagine: v. 想象; 设想; 认为
21. presume [pr zju m] [pr zu m]: vt. & vi. 假设; 假定; 认为
同义词
同源词
suppose/supposing/assuming/
provided/providing + that句子…:
假如; 假定
【上结构that 前的词均是连词】
★1)Supposing that she doesn’t come,
we will still go.
★2)Supposing he is absent,
what shall we do
(pay/afford)bus/taxi/train(railway/rail)/
air fares (to...) :
公共汽车费/出租汽车费/火车票价/飞机票价fee: n. 服务费; 酬金; 咨询费;
报名费; 会费
22. fare [fe (r)]: n. 车费; 船费; 飞机/火车/公共汽车/出租车票价
常用搭配
同义词
monthly : adv. & adj.每月一次的;
每月=every month
n. 月刊
daily: adv. 每天; 天天 = every day
adj. 每天的; 每日的
n. 日报
23. weekly [ wi kli]: adj. 每周的adv. 每周= every week
n. 周刊
相关词
diary
n. 日记，专栏
dairy
n. 牛奶场，乳制品
adj. 乳品的
The truck is checked on a regular basis.
on a （regular/permanent/part-time/
temporary） basis:
以定期/永久/兼职/临时性方式
according (to) …: 根据; 按照
24. on a ... basis: 根据; 以…的方式(基准)
例句
常用搭配
同义词
25. calculate [ k lkjule t]: vt. 计算; 核算; 预测
calculation n.计算，估算，算计
calculator n.计算器
同源词
chairman:
n. 男主席; 男董事长; 男委员长
president [ prez d nt]: n. 国家主席;
总统; 校长; 院长; 董事长; 行长
26. chairwoman [ t e w m n]: n. 女主席; 女董事长; 女委员长
同义词
kilogram/kilo [ k l ɡr m]/[ ki: l ]
n. 千克; 公斤
ton [t n]: n. 吨
pound: n. 磅
(1 pound = 0.454 kilograms )
by the gram/kilogram/ton:
以克/千克/吨为单位
by weight: 以重量为单位
27. gramme/ɡram [ɡr m] : n. 克(重量单位)
相关词
常用搭配
flower [ fla (r)]: n. 花
powder n. 粉，粉末（milk powder)
28. flour [ fla (r)]: n. 面粉; (谷物磨成的)粉
形近词
stadium : n. 体育场; 运动场
sportsground : n. 操场; 运动场
playground: n. 游乐场; 操场
gym[d m]: n.健身房; 体育馆
29. venue [ venju ]: n. 活动场地(如音乐厅/会场等)
相关词
foreign [ f r n]:
adj. 外国的; 外来的; 陌生的
foreigner [ f r n ]: n. 外国人
an alien environment: 陌生的环境
an alien culture: 异域文化
31. alien [ e li n]: n. 外星人(生物); 外国人
adj. 陌生的; 外星的; 外国的
常用搭配
同义词
You must weigh up the pros and cons
of city and country life.
32. (the) pros and cons: [pr z] [k nz] 事物的利与弊;
支持与反对
例句
a blurred image/picture(photo)/ memory:
模糊的形象/照片/记忆
33. blurred [bl d]: adj. 模糊不清的; 难以区分的
常用搭配
be senior/junior to sb:
比…年长/年幼; 比...级别高/低
34. (be) superior to...:比…更好; 更胜一筹
In sci-fi stories, robots often become superior and take over.
课文
例句
常用搭配
In sci-fi stories, robots often become superior and take over.
在科幻小说中，机器人经常(比人类)更胜一筹，(在各方面)占上风。
36. take over: 占上风; 取而代之; 接管; 接手
take over from ...: 占上风; 取而代之
take over... from ...: 接管; 接手
课文
例句
常用搭配
action [ k n]: n. 行动; 活动; 动作
take action(s) (to do…) : 采取行动做什么
37. inaction [ n k n]: n. 无行动; 不采取措施
常用搭配
同源词
A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.
机器人必须服从人类的命令，除非这些命令与第一定律相抵触。
38. conflict with: 与…冲突或抵触
课文
例句
The farmers laboured /worked all day in the fields.
39. labour/labor [ le b (r)]: n. 劳动(者); 体力劳动 (U.)
vi. 奋斗; 努力工作
International Labour Day劳动节
例句
常用搭配
I gave it a last check, and sat myself in the leather seat.
In the 1990s many people liked to wear black leathers.
feather [ fe (r)]: n. 羽毛
40. leather [ le (r)]: n. 皮革; [pl.]皮衣; 皮外套
例句
形近词
Pull the lever towards you to adjust the speed.
41. lever [ li v (r)][ lev r ]: n. 操纵杆; 杠杆
level [ lev( )l]: n. 水平; 水准
liver [ l v (r)]: n.肝脏; 肝
课文
例句
形近词
I pushed the starting lever on the main panel forwards an inch then immediately backwards again.
a control/display panel:
控制/显示面板
42. panel [ p nl]: n. 控制板; 仪表盘; 专家咨询组
课文
例句
常用搭配
foot (复数feet): n. 英尺
1 foot = 12 inches = 30.48 centimeters
millimeter -- centimeter -- meter -- kilometer
43. inch [ nt ]: n. 英寸(长度单位,等于2.54厘米)
v. 逐渐增加或减少，缓慢移动
相关词
考题链接：49.______, Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground. Sitting on a branch, he 50 towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive. Suddenly, Ziyad let out a sharp cry. Within seconds, he'd 51 the trunk and was back on the ground.
49. A. Eventually B. Surprisingly C. Naturally D. Immediately
50. A. backed B. dived C. shouted D. inched
51. A. cut off B. gone up C. slid down D. held onto
forwards/forward: adv. 向前
upwards/upward: adv. 向上
downwards/downward: adv. 向下
eastwards/eastward: adv. 向东
backward(s) and forward(s): 来来回回
44. backwards [ b kw dz]( backward): adv. 向后; 倒着; 往回
形近词
grasp [ɡrɑ sp]: v.抓紧; 抓牢;
理解; 领会
catch: n. 接住; 抓住; 握住;
领会; 听清楚
hold/hang/grip on to…: 紧紧抓住...
catch/get/grab/take/seize hold of...:
抓住; 握住; 拿着
45. grip [ɡr p]: vt. & vi. 紧握; 抓紧
常用搭配
同义词
a hazy afternoon/sky :
雾蒙蒙的下午/天空
a hazy memory/idea :
模糊不清的记忆/概念
confused: adj.糊涂的; 迷惑的
puzzled : adj. 困惑的; 迷惑不解的
46. hazy [ he zi]: adj. 模糊的; 朦胧的; 困惑的
The laboratory went hazy around me.
课文
例句
常用搭配
同义词
fetch…from…: 去/从…拿回/拿来
bring: v. 拿来; 带来; 取来
take: v. 拿走; 带走; 取走
carry: v. 拿; 提; 搬; 扛; 背; 抱;
运送; 携带; 佩戴
48. fetch [fet ]: vt. (去)拿来; (去)请来
My niece came in to fetch something, maybe her handkerchief, apparently without seeing me.
课文
例句
常用搭配
同义词
chief [t i f]: n. 首领; 上司;领袖; 头目; 长官
(复数: chiefs)
49. handkerchief [ h k t f ]: n. 手帕; 纸巾
(复数: -chiefs/-chieves)
相关词
CEO = Chief Executive Officer
首席执行官，总裁
lamp: n. 灯(使用电/油/气)
light: n. 灯; 电灯
switch(turn) on/off a lamp(light) :开/关灯
turn out a lamp(light) : 关灯
50. lamp [l mp]: n. 灯; 台灯
常用搭配
同义词
相似词
damp adj. 潮湿的 n. 湿气，气馁 v. 减弱，弄湿，抑制
camp n. 营地，集团 v. 露营，坚守
tamp v. 夯实，确实，堵塞
lame adj. 瘸的，残疾的，差劲的
lamb n. 小羊，羊羔
It turns out that ...: 结果/原来/证明是...
51. turn out: 关掉; 熄灭; 在场;
使朝外; 结果是
Night came as if a lamp was being turned out, and in another moment came the day.
课文
例句
常用搭配
at a ... pace: 以...的速度
at a slow/fast pace: 慢速/快速
at a/the speed of…: 以..的速度
52. pace [ pe s]: n. 速度; 步伐; 节奏
vt. & vi. 确定速度; 调整节奏
As my pace grew faster, the walls of the laboratory fell away, and I was left in the open air.
课文
例句
常用搭配
reduce [r dju s]: v. 减少; 缩小; 降低
decrease [d kri s]: v. 减少; 降低
decline [d kla n]: v. 减少;下降; 衰落; 衰竭
disappear [ d s p (r)]:v. 消失; 失踪; 灭绝; 消亡
53. fall away: (逐渐)减少; 消失
同义词
divide [d va d]: v.分开; 分割; 除以
divide…into…: 把…分成...
separate …from…:把…和…分开
do division: 做除法
54. division [d v n]: n. 分开; 分隔; 差异; 除(法)
The sun and moon looked as if they were being thrown across the sky, but soon there was division between night and day.
课文
例句
常用搭配
同源词
72 divided by 8 is 9 .
a puff of...: 一缕; 一股; 一阵
run out of puff: 气喘吁吁
55. puff [p f]: n. (烟、气等的)一缕; 少量; 喘息
Around me I saw trees growing like puffs of smoke; they grew, spread, and died in moments.
课文
例句
常用搭配
urge sb to do...:
敦促/催促/力劝某人做什么
urge that 句子: 强烈要求
56. urge [ d ]: n. 强烈的欲望; 冲动
vt. 催促; 力劝; 大力推荐
I had a strong urge to look at the random things that were being flashed before my eyes！
课文
例句
常用搭配
desire, suggest, propose, recommend, order/instruct/command, demand, request, require, ask, urge(强烈要求), insist(坚决要求), advocate(主张)等接that宾语从句时, 从句用 should do/be 结构, should可省。
True or false:
* The teacher's pale face suggested that he should feel very uncomfortable.
*The boy insisted that he should not steal the gold necklace.
randomly: adv. 随机; 随意; 未加计划地
at random: 随意; 随机; 胡乱
常用搭配
同源词
58. random [ r nd m]: adj. 随机的; 不可思议的
minimum: adj. 最小的; 最低的; 最低限度的
n. 最低限度; 最小值; 最少量
相关词
59. maximum [ m ks m m]: adj. 最大极限的
n. 最大量; 最大限度
But if I stopped and the same space was being occupied by something else, we would be forced together and explode like a bomb!
explosion n. 爆炸，爆破，爆裂声
explosive adj. 爆炸性的; 爆发性的 n.炸药; 爆炸物
go off: 爆炸;走火;离开
blow up: 爆炸; 炸毁
bomb [b m]: n. 炸弹
课文
例句
同义词
同源词
60. explode [ k spl d]:vi. & vt. 爆炸; 爆破
With a sudden jolt, the Time Machine was flipped on its
side, and I was thrown through the air.
shake (shook – shaken): v. 摇动; 抖动; (使)颤动; 摇头
tremble: v. 颤抖; 哆嗦; 抖动;
战栗; 颤动; 轻轻摇晃
同义词
61. jolt [d lt]: n . 震动; 摇晃; 颠簸
vt. & vi. (使)震动; 摇晃
课文
例句
The plane/truck/jeep flipped and crashed.
例句
62. flip [fl p]: vt. & vi. (使)快速翻转;
(用手指)轻抛
I was stunned for a moment, and then heard
the sound of thunder.
stunned: adj. 震惊的; 惊愕的
stunning: adj. 令人震惊的/惊愕的
faint [fe nt]: v./n. 昏厥
dizzy [ d zi]:adj.头晕目眩的; 眩晕的
v. 使头晕眼花; 使发昏
同义词
同源词
63. stun [st n]: vt. 使震惊; 使昏迷
课文
例句
I was sitting in the rain in some mud next to the machine.
muddy adj.多泥的，泥泞的
课文
例句
64. mud [m d]: n. 泥; 泥浆
同源词
statement: n.说法; 声明; 陈述
state: v. 陈述; 说明; 声明
同源词
65. overstatement [ v ste tm nt]: n. 夸大; 夸张
over + ....过度，过分， 在....上,
overbridge
overweight
overestimation
overhead
overreaction
overwork
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