Unit 3 A healthy life单元知识点与考点精练精讲

Unit 3　A healthy life　
1．abuse(n.& vt.)　　　　　　　　滥用；虐待
2．ban(vt.)　　禁止；取缔
(n.)　　禁令；谴责
3．due(adj.)　　欠款的；预定的；到期的
4．quit(vt.)　　停止(做某事)；离开
5．effect(n.)　　结果；效力
6．desperate(adj.)　　绝望的；拼命的
7．awkward(adj.)　　局促不安的；笨拙的
8．stress(n.)压力；重音；(vt.)加压力于；使紧张→stressful (adj.)产生压力的；紧张的→stressed (adj.)焦虑不安的
9．adolescent(n.)青少年；(adj.)青春期的→adolescence(n.)青春期
10．addicted(adj.)入了迷的；上了瘾的→addiction(n.)沉溺；嗜好→addictive(adj.)使人上瘾的
11．accustom(vt.)使习惯于→accustomed(adj.)惯常的；习惯了的
12．automatic(adj.)无意识的；自动的→automatically(adv.)无意识地；自动地
13．mental(adj.)精神的；智力的→mentally(adv.)精神上；智力上→physical(反义词)身体的，肉体的
14．strengthen(vt.)加强；巩固；使坚强；(vi.)变强→strength(n.)力气，力量，强项
15．disappointed(adj.)失望的；沮丧的→disappointing(adj.)令人失望的→disappoint(vt.)使失望；使扫兴→disappointment(n.)失望；沮丧
16．ashamed(adj.)感到惭愧或羞耻的→shame(n.)羞愧→shameful(adj.)可耻的→shameless(adj.)无耻的，厚颜的
1．due_to　　　　　　　　　　由于……
2．be_accustomed_to　　习惯于……
3．feel_like_(doing)　　想要(做)……
4．take_risks/a_risk　　冒险
5．at_risk　　处境危险；遭受危险
6．be_addicted_to　　对……有瘾
7．decide_on　　对……作出决定
8．in_spite_of　　不顾；不管
9．get_into　　陷入；染上(坏习惯)
10．that_is　　也就是说
11．reach_out_for　　接触；够着
12．manage_to_do_sth.　　设法完成……
1．I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.我的确希望这样，因为我想让你过上和我一样长寿而健康的生活。
名师指津：此句式为as＋adj.＋a/an＋单数可数名词＋as...结构。
例句仿写：这个小伙子希望和他爷爷一样过着俭朴的生活。
The man hopes to live as_simple_a_life as his grandpa.
2．Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette，remind yourself that you are a non-smoker.
每次你想吸烟的时候，要提醒自己你是一个不吸烟的人。
名师指津：every time引导时间状语从句。
例句仿写：我每次见他，他总是随身带着他的笔记本电脑。
Every_time_I_meet_him，he always carries his notebook computer.
3．As you know，if you do the same thing over and over again，you begin to do it automatically.
你知道，如果你反反复复地做同一件事，你就会自动地做它。
名师指津：as引导定语从句，意为“正如，正像”。
例句仿写：正如多次强调的那样，学好英语对你们今后的职业发展非常重要。
As_has_been_stressed many times，learning English well is of great importance to your career development in future.
4．It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person begins to look sick.
只有当一个人发展成艾滋病时，他才开始看上去有病。
名师指津：本句为强调句型。
例句仿写：我还记得三年前是在北京初次遇到你。
I still remember it_was_in_Beijing_that I first met you three years ago.
5．It is no good crying over spilt milk.
覆水难收。
名师指津：It is no good/use doing sth.做某事无用。
例句仿写：劝说他没用，他不会改变主意。
It_is_no_good/use_persuading him.He won’t change his mind.
stress n．重压，逼迫，压力；重音；重点；vt.加压力于；使紧张；重读
(2013·江西卷阅读表达)Fishing is relaxing and fun so it lessens stress.钓鱼是放松、快乐的，因此它可以缓解压力。
(1)under stress在压力之下
put sb.under great stress使某人感到沉重的压力
lay/put stress on sth.强调某事物
(2)stressed adj.焦虑不安的；心力交瘁的
①(牛津P1997)Things can easily go wrong when people are_under_stress.人在压力之下，办事情容易出差错。
②Cooperation or teamwork，the importance of which is often stressed，plays an important part in football matches.合作或协作，在足球比赛中起着重要作用，这一点经常被强调。
③(2012·江苏书面表达)It is also a virtue to forgive and forget，especially in such a competitive and stressful society.不念旧恶也是一种美德，尤其是在这样一个充满竞争和压力的社会里。
due adj.欠款的；预定的；到期的
教材原句P18：I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live.
我想我之所以长寿而且精力充沛，要归功于我的健康生活。
(1)be due 预定/计(做)某事
(2)(be) due to sb.应支付/给予/归于某人
(3)because of因为(较口语化)
owing to因为(较正式)
thanks to因为；多亏了
as a result of因为
on account of由于
①The water shortage is severe mainly due_to_global_warming，environmental pollution and the ever-increasing population.水资源严重短缺主要是由全球变暖、环境污染和人口持续增长造成的。
②Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.你或者你的一名学生要参加明天的会议。
③Any money that is_due_to_you will be paid before the end of the month.欠你的钱将在月底之前全部支付给你。
④Owing to our joint efforts，the task was finished ahead of time.
由于我们的共同努力，任务提前完成了。
effect n．结果；效力
教材原句P18：When I was young，I didn’t know much about the harmful effects of smoking.
在我年轻的时候，关于吸烟的危害性我知道得并不多。
(1)have an effect/influence on/upon
对……产生影响
come/go into effect生效
bring/carry/put...into effect实施；使生效/起作用
(2)effective adj.有效的；有影响的
(3)affect vt.影响
①(2012·安徽卷)However，the accident had an unexpected side effect.然而，这次事故产生了让人始料未及的副作用。
②They decided to bring_the_plan_into_effect as soon as possible.
他们决定尽快实施这项计划。
③The new law will come into effect/take effect next month.
这项新法律下个月生效。
④What parents say and do will affect their children deeply/will have_a_deep_effect_on their children.
父母的言行对孩子影响非常深刻。
accustomed adj.习惯的，惯常的
(2013·福建卷阅读理解)We’re accustomed to having one thing in our pocket to do all these things.
我们习惯于有把握地去做所有的事情。
(1)be accustomed to (doing) sth.习惯于(做)某事(表状态)
get/become accustomed to (doing) sth.
习惯于(做)某事(表不延续的动作)
(2)accustom vt.使习惯于
accustom sb./oneself to (doing) sth.
使某人/自己习惯于……
①Accustomed_to_climbing the steep mountain，he had no difficulty reaching the top.习惯于爬陡峭的山，他毫无困难地爬上山顶。
②(广东卷书面表达)He quickly got accustomed to the strong academic atmosphere and colorful activities in the college.
他很快适应了大学里的浓厚的学术氛围和丰富多彩的活动。
③(朗文P15)It took a while for me to accustom_myself_to all the new rules and regulations.
我经过了一段时间后才适应了所有新的规章制度。
addicted adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的
教材原句P18：You see，during adolescence I also smoked and became addicted to cigarettes.你知道，当我还是一个十几岁的孩子的时候，我也吸过烟，而且还上了瘾。
(1)be/become/get addicted to sth./doing sth.
沉溺于……；专心做……
(2)addict vt.使沉溺；使上瘾；n.有瘾的人
addict oneself to sth.沉溺于……
a work addict工作狂
(3)addiction n．癖好21世纪教育网
①Teenagers who are_addicted_to_the_Internet are more likely to suffer from depression.有网瘾的青少年更可能患忧郁症。
②Her son addicted himself to smoking，which had a bad effect on his health.
她的儿子吸烟上瘾，这对他的健康有很坏的影响。
③Addicted_to_playing computer games，the little boy has lost interest in his lessons.
迷恋于玩电脑游戏，这个小男孩对功课失去了兴趣。
ashamed adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的
教材原句P19：If you weaken and have a cigarette，do not feel ashamed.如果你因意志薄弱而又吸烟了，也不要觉得难为情。
(1)be/feel ashamed of因……感到惭愧
be ashamed to do sth.耻于做某事
feel/be ashamed for sb.替某人感到羞愧21世纪教育网
(2) ……真让人遗憾
(3) 真可惜！
①I must admit to being ashamed for what had happened.
发生这样的事我应承认我感到惭愧。
②It’s_a_shame that you can’t stay with us.
你不能留下来和我们在一起太遗憾了。
③What a shame！She should fail this round.
真可惜！这一轮她竟然败下来了。
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．People__________________________(禁止吸烟) in many public places in England.
答案：　are banned from smoking
2．Some government officials in that country were arrested for________________________(滥用权力) to get benefit for themselves and their relatives.
答案：　abusing their power
3．By the way，we often feel discouraged，which________________(有很坏的影响) our study.
答案：　has a very bad effect on
4．I________________________(很惭愧) that I have not finished the task on time.
答案：　feel quite ashamed
5．We all agreed on an idea to____________________(加强合作) between our parties.
答案：　strengthen the cooperation
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2014·福建质量检测)—When is the next train arriving?
—It’s________at 7∶30.
A．due B．normal
C．straight D．convenient
解析：　考查形容词辨析。句意为：——下一班火车什么时候到？——预计是7∶30。due意为“预期，预计”。根据句意可知，选A项。21世纪教育网
答案：　A
2．(2014·宁夏银川一中第四次考试)Often organized outdoors or at big venues________their popularity，music festivals provide one day or even several days of non-stop entertainment.
A．due to B．in spite of
C．in honor of D．apart from
解析：　考查介词短语辨析。句意为：因为受欢迎，音乐节经常在户外或大的场地举行，它们提供一天甚至几天不停的娱乐。due to由于；in spite of尽管；in honor of为了表示对……的崇敬；apart from除……之外。根据句意可知A项正确。
答案：　A
3．(2014·长沙市重点中学高三联考)Accustomed to________in the beautiful country，Bead found it difficult to live in the crowded city.
A．living B．live
C．having lived D．have lived
解析：　考查非谓语动词。be accustomed to doing sth.表示“习惯做某事”，其中to是介词，后面应用v.-ing形式，故选A项。
答案：　A
4．(2014·安徽芜湖市模拟)To our great surprise，the city girl became________to country life very quickly.
A．accessible B．devoted
C．accustomed D．involved
解析：　考查形容词辨析。句意为：令我们大为惊讶的是，那个城市女孩很快习惯了(accustomed)乡村生活。accessible易接近的，可进入的，可理解的；devoted献身的，忠诚的；involved有关的，卷入的，复杂的，均不符合语境。
答案：　C
5．(2013·四级英语)We forgave his bad temper because we knew that his son’s illness had put him under great________.
A．emotion B．excitement
C．crisis D．stress
解析：　句意为：我们原谅了他的坏脾气，因为我们知道他儿子的病使他受到很大的压力。put sb.under (great) stress使某人处境(非常)紧张，使某人受(很大)压力。
答案：　D
6．He felt________of cheating in the exam，deciding never to do such things again.
A．shame B．ashamed
C．sorry D．shameful
解析：　be/feel ashamed of因……而羞愧，符合题意。shame不用于此结构；sorry应与介词for连用；shameful用来形容事物，令人感到可耻的。
答案：　B21世纪教育网
7．The price of houses has continued to fall in big cities thanks to the________of the government to control it.
A．efforts B．effect21世纪教育网
C．influence D．management
解析：　句意为：由于政府努力控制，大城市里的房价持续降低。effort努力，符合句意。
答案：　A
8．(2014·太原模拟)The new survey shows that the number of students________computer games has been on the increase in recent years.
A．devoted to B．related to
C．connected to D．addicted to
解析：　be devoted to致力于；be related to与……有联系；be connected to与……相关联；be addicted to对……上瘾的。addicted to是分词短语作后置定语修饰“students”；指“对电脑游戏上瘾的学生”，因此D项正确。
答案：　D
take risks/a risk冒险
教材原句P20：He felt he had to make up his mind on every step instead of taking risks.
他觉得每一步都得作出决定而不是冒险。
(1)at risk有风险
at the risk of...冒着……风险
take/run the risk of doing sth.冒险做某事
take risks (a risk) to do冒险做……
(2)risk doing sth.冒险做某事
risk one’s life to do sth.冒着生命危险做某事
①Whatever you do，don’t take_unnecessary_risks.
无论你做什么，都不要冒不必要的风险。
②If you go online tomorrow，your computer might run the risk of being attacked by a virus.
你如果明天上网，你的电脑可能面临病毒攻击的危险。
③He got well-prepared for the job interview，for he couldn’t risk losing_the_good_opportunity.他为面试作了充分的准备，因为他不想冒失去这一次好机会的危险。
get into陷入；染上(坏习惯)
教材原句P20：Of course the best way to deal with these drugs is not to get into the habit in the first place！当然，对付毒品的最好的方法是首先就别养成(吸毒的)习惯。
get across(使)通过；(使)被理解；(把……)讲清楚21世纪教育网
get along进展；相处
get away逃脱；离开
get away with...做了坏事而不受处罚
get down to认真工作
get over爬过；越过；克服困难；痊愈
get through穿越(马路)；通过；接通电话；经历
①(陕西高考)Many homeless people get_into_the_habit_of begging to get enough money to stay alive.
许多无家可归的人开始养成乞讨谋生的习惯。[来源:21世纪教育网]
②(重庆高考)Hi，Bob，how are you getting along with your spoken report？嗨，鲍勃，你的口头报告准备得怎样了？21世纪教育网
③(2010·湖北卷单项填空)A smile can help us get_through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers.
微笑可以帮助我们渡过难关，在陌生人中找到朋友。
Ⅰ.短语替换
1．His lateness was because_of the heavy traffic on the road.
→His lateness was________ ________the heavy traffic on the road.
答案：　due to
2．The war broke out，and many innocent people were in_danger_of losing their lives.
→The war broke out，and many innocent people were________ ________ ________ ________losing their lives.
答案：　at the risk of
3．Despite many difficulties，he managed to get through the experiment.
→________ ________ ________many difficulties，he managed to get through the experiment.
答案：　In spite of
4．It’s such a fine day.I’d_like_to_go_out for a picnic.
→It’s such a fine day.I________ ________ going out for a picnic.
答案：　feel like
5．Her son has fallen_into the bad habit of surfing on the Internet.
→Her son has________ ________the bad habit of surfing on the Internet.
答案：　got into
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2012·江西卷)I’ve________the habit of calling in on my grandparents on my way home from school.
A．come into B．gone into
C．got into D．run into
解析：　考查动词短语。句意为：我已经养成了放学回家时去看望爷爷、奶奶的习惯。get into the habit of...是固定搭配，表示“养成……的习惯”。
答案：　C
2．(2013·南京三模)Life isn’t meant to be easy and you have to________some pain to learn the skills to move forward.
A．get across B．go over
C．get into D．go through
解析：　考查动词短语辨析。句意为：生活并不是普遍认为的那样容易，你必须经历一些痛苦来学会前进的技能。go through经历，遭受，符合句意。get across理解；go over仔细检查，反复研究；get into穿上，习惯于。
答案：　D
3．If you take________risk of not wearing a seat belt，you will be at________risk while driving.
A．the；/ B．/；/
C．/；the D．the；the
解析：　take the risk of...冒着(做)……的危险；at risk处于危险中；处境危险。
答案：　A21世纪教育网
4．If you tell the truth about the ill behavior of your boss，you will take the________of losing your job.
A．chance B．possibility
C．risk D．opportunity
解析：　take the risk of...冒……风险。句意为：如果你说出你们老板的恶劣行径，你会冒失业之险。
答案：　C
I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.
我真希望你能那样做，因为我盼着你也能像我一样健康长寿。
as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as...和……一样……
①We wanted him to have as_full_a_life_as_possible，no different from what we want for our other two sons.我们想让他尽可能地过充实的生活，与我们对其他的两个孩子的期望没有区别。
②As a matter of fact，getting rid of a bad habit is as much an effort as forming a good one.事实上，改掉一个坏习惯付出的努力与形成一个坏习惯是一样的。
类似此句型的用法too/so/how＋adj.＋a/an＋n.。
③I have never met so young a body with so wise a head.
我从来没见过这么年轻又这么聪明的人。
④This is too_difficult_a_problem for the beginners to solve.
这个问题对于初学者来说太难解决了。
Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette，remind yourself that you are a non-smoker.
每次你想吸烟的时候，要提醒自己你是一个不吸烟的人。
each/every time可以用来引导时间状语从句。表示经常性的动作，“每次”的意思。该从句中也用一般时态代替将来时。
(1)下列名词词组可以起连词作用
the first/last time
next/any/every/each time
the moment/instant/minute
(2)directly，instantly，immediately等也可用来引导时间状语从句
①Every time I help others，I will get happiness from that.
每次我帮助别人，我就会从中得到快乐。
②Every_time_you_smile at someone，you give a gift to that person.每次当你向某人微笑的时候，你就给了那人一件礼物。
③Be careful！The machine starts the moment you press the buton.小心！你一按按钮机器就启动了。
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．这个小伙子希望和他爷爷一样过着俭朴的生活。
The man hopes to live______________________his grandpa.
答案：　as simple a life as
2．使我高兴的是，这棵植物看起来的确像是我们正在寻找的那种。
To my great joy，the plant______________exactly like what we were looking for.
答案：　did look
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2014·银川二中月考)________you pay a visit to Shanghai，I’ll show you around.
A．Next time B．Next time when
C．Last time D．Last time when
解析：　考查状语从句。句意为：下次你来上海，我带你到处转转。此处last time和next time都可以引导时间状语从句，但根据句意可知A项正确。
答案：　A
2．(2014·甘肃兰州名校高三阶段检测)The police set about arresting the suspect________they found enough evidence to prove him guilty.
A．immediate B．as long as
C．the moment D．as far as
解析：　考查状语从句。句意为：警方一找到足够的证明他有罪的证据，就着手逮捕了这名嫌疑犯。the moment意为“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句。immediate是形容词，不能引导时间状语从句，只能用immediately，as long as只要，as far as远到……，均不符合句意。
答案：　C
3．(2014·江西八校联考)I hope that my father will quit smoking because I want him to live________my grandpa does.
A．as a long and healthy life as
B．as long and healthy a life as
C．such long and healthy a life as
D．so long and healthy a life as
解析：　考查as...as结构。句意为：我希望父亲能戒烟，因为我想让他像爷爷一样寿命长而且健康。as＋形容词/副词原级＋as意为“像……一样”。当形容词作定语修饰可数名词单数时，应该用“as＋形容词＋冠词＋可数名词单数＋as”结构。由此可知，答案B正确。D项常用于否定句，故排除。
答案：　B
4．(2014·河北石家庄二模)As a teacher，I seldom give my students________as they can not work out.
A．so difficult a problem B．a so difficult problem
C．such difficult a problem D．too difficult a problem
解析：　so/such...as...固定句型是so＋adj./adv.＋a/an＋名词＋as从句，such＋a/an＋adj.＋名词＋as从句，由此可知本题选A项。[来源:21世纪教育网]
答案：　A
5．(2014·临沂模拟)In my opinion，all Mr White________good to his students in his class at present.He is very strict in their study.
A．does does does B．does did do
C．does does do D．did do does
解析：　句意为：在我看来，现在怀特先生在课上所做的一切确实对学生有好处，他对他们的学习要求很严格。Mr White does为定语从句，修饰all；第二个does强调了谓语。
答案：　C
ban vt.禁止；取缔；n.禁令；谴责
ban...from sth./doing sth.禁止……做某事
a ban on...关于……的禁令
People are banned from smoking in many public places in England.在英国，许多公共场所禁止人们吸烟。
desperate adj.绝望的；拼命的；铤而走险的；非常需要的，渴望的
be desperate for sth.渴望某物
be desperate to do sth.渴望做某事
in desperate need of非常需要
The unattended children are in desperate need of love and attention.留守儿童非常需要爱和关怀。
decide on(＝decide upon)对……作出决定
feel like (doing)想要(做)……；感觉像；摸起来像
We’ll go for a walk if you feel like it.
要是你愿意，我们去散散步。
【写作素材】
1．吸烟是个坏习惯。首先，吸烟不仅危害吸烟者的健康，而且影响周围不吸烟者的健康。
2．其次，香烟很贵。吸烟者不得不花很多钱购买香烟，很浪费钱。
3．再次，因为吸烟者的粗心大意，可能会发生火灾，造成巨大的生命和财产损失。
4．此外，我们青少年没有收入，没有吸烟的权利。如果染上这种坏习惯，事情将更加糟糕。
提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。
【连句成篇】
Smoking is a bad habit.First of all，smoking not only does harm to the health of smokers，but also affects the health of non-smokers around them.Secondly，cigarettes are very expensive.Smokers have to spend a lot of money buying them，which is a waste of money.Thirdly，because of the smokers’ carelessness，there can be fires which result in a great loss of life and property.Besides，we are teenagers and have no income.We have no right to smoke.It will be even worse if we get into the bad habit.
it用法(Ⅰ)
1．(2014·南京一模)When________comes to an interview day，we’ve got many things in mind，such as being on time and giving proper answers.
A．that B．this
C．it D．one
解析：　考查代词。when it comes to sth.当涉及某事时，为固定结构，此处to是介词，后接名词或者动名词，故C项正确。
答案：　C
2．(2014·山东济宁一模)He made________quite clear that he wouldn’t change his mind.
A．it B．this
C．himself D．that
解析：　考查代词。make it clear that...为固定句型，意为“表明……”，其中it指代后面that引导的从句，其他选项中的代词均不能指代从句。
答案：　A
3．(2014·湖南长沙一中、师大附中六校联考)His favorite food is fried snacks and soft drinks.________is no surprise that losing weight is just his dream.
A．There B．It
C．As D．What
解析：　考查it的用法。句意为：他最喜爱的食物是油炸小吃和不含酒精的饮料，毫不奇怪减肥对他来说只是个梦。It在这里作形式主语。“that losing weight is just his dream”是真正的主语。
答案：　B
4．(2014·福建高中质检)—Shall I attend my friend’s coming-of-age ceremony，Mum?
—No，unless you see to ________that you will be home before 10∶00 pm.
A．one B．this
C．it D．her
解析：　考查代词。句意为：——妈妈，我可以参加朋友的成人礼吗？——不行，除非你确保在晚上10点之前回家。see to it that...确保……，it在句中作形式宾语。
答案：　C
5．(2014·四川省南充市第一次适应性考试)You look very beautiful in this dress and there is only one of this kind left here.I wonder if you would buy________.
A．one B．it
C．some D．any
解析：　考查代词。根据“there is only one of this kind left here”可知，此处表示前面提到的那一条裙子，所以选B。
答案：　B