unit5 The power of nature单元知识点与考点精练精讲

Unit 5　The power of nature　
1．erupt(vi.)　　　　　　　　(指火山)爆发；突然发生
2．hurricane(n.)　　飓风；风暴
3．evaluate(vt.)　　评估；评价；估计
4．wave(n.)　　波浪；波涛
(vi.)　　波动；起伏；挥手
5．potential(n.)　　潜在性；可能性；潜能
　(adj.)　　可能的；潜在的
6．actual(adj.)　　实在的；实际的[来源:21世纪教育网]
7．precious(adj.)　　贵重的；珍贵的
8．unconscious(adj.)　　失去知觉的；未察觉的
9．shoot(vt.)　　射中；射伤
10．panic(vi.& vt.)　　惊慌
(n.)　　惊慌；恐慌
11．guarantee(vt.)　　保证；担保
12．equipment(n.)设备；装备→equip(vt.)装备
13．appoint(vt.)任命；委派→appointment(n.)约会；任命
14．absolute(adj.)绝对的；完全的→absolutely(adv.)绝对地；完全地
15．suit(n.)一套外衣；套装；(vt.)适合；使适宜→suitable(adj.)合适的
16．uncomfortable(adj.)不舒服的；不舒适的→comfortable(adj.)合适的；舒适的→comfort(vt.)使安慰
17．anxious(adj.)忧虑的；不安的→anxiety(n.)担心；焦虑；渴望
18．diverse(adj.)多种多样的；不同的→diversity(n.)多样性；多种多样
1．be_suitable_for　　　　　　　适合……
2．be_appointed_as　　被任命为……
3．be_anxious_about　　因……而焦虑
4．vary_from...to...　　由……到……不等
5．make_one’s_way_to　　前往……
6．burn_to_the_ground　　全部焚毁
7．be_buried_under_the_ruins　　被埋在废墟下
8．glance_through　　匆匆看一遍
9．have_a_gift_for　　有……天赋
10．give_birth_to　　产生；生产
1．I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.我刚要再睡，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。
名师指津：be about to do...when...正要……这时……。
例句仿写：我正要去你家帮助你学英语，这时我叔叔来了。
I was_about_to_go to your home to help you with your English when my uncle came.
2．The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study，but this being my first experience，I stayed at the top and watched them.
另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。
名师指津：this being my first experience独立主格结构，在句中作原因状语。
例句仿写：他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。
He was listening attentively in class，his_eyes_fixed on the blackboard.
3．It is said that this boy，who had a great gift for languages and persuasion，is the father of the Manchu people.
据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先，他具有语言天赋和很强的说服力。
名师指津：It is said that...据说……，是一个固定句式。
例句仿写：据说至少有20座楼房遭到破坏或彻底被摧毁。
It is said that at least a score of buildings were damaged or destroyed.
4．Having collected and evaluated the information，I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.
收集和评估这些信息之后，我就帮助其他科学家一起预测熔岩接着将往何处流，流速是多少。
名师指津：现在分词完成时作状语。
例句仿写：核实所有的门都锁好之后，史密斯先生就去伦敦度假了。
Having_checked all the doors were locked，Mr Smith left for London on holiday.
appoint vt.任命，委派；约定，指定，安排
(牛津P82)They have appointed a new headmaster at my son’s school.我儿子读书的学校任命了一位新校长。
(1)
(2)
①I was appointed to take charge of arranging all the activities on that day.我被指定来负责安排那一天的所有活动。
②My patient didn’t turn up at_the_appointed_time，that is，she broke an appointment.
我的病人没有在约定的时间到，也就是说，她违约了。
③(牛津P82)She made_an_appointment_for her son to see the doctor.她为儿子约定了看医生的时间。
suit n．一套外衣；套装；vt.适合；使适宜
(2013·全国卷短文改错)When tea got popular in Britain，there was a crying need for good cups with handles to suit British habits.当茶在英国流行的时候，人们迫切需要有把手的茶壶来适应英国人的习惯。
(1)suit sb.适合某人
suit one’s needs适合需要
(2)a suit of clothes一套衣服
(3)suitable adj.适当的；相配的
be suitable for sb./sth.适合于某人/某物
be suitable to do sth.适合做某事
①(2011·四川书面表达)To students，you’d better choose the activities which interest you and suit you.
对学生来说，你最好选择那些你感兴趣并适合你的活动。
②(牛津P2022)If you want to go by bus，that suits_me_fine.
要是你想坐公共汽车，那对我也合适。
③(2011·天津卷阅读理解)This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle and is more suitable for the long-stay student.这种住宿方式提供独立的生活方式，它更适合于长期居住的学生。
辨析：suit，match与fit
suit
多指合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、地位、场合、颜色、款式等
match
多指色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配
fit
多指大小、形状的合适
④Her shoes match her dress；they look very well together.
⑤It is almost impossible to find a time that suits everybody.
⑥The colour of this pair of shoes suits me very well，but it doesn’t fit me.
panic vi.& vt.(使人或动物)受惊；惊慌；n.惊慌；恐慌
教材原句P38：I felt very nervous and had to force myself not to panic.我非常紧张，不得不强迫自己不要惊慌。
(1)panic sb.into doing sth.使某人惊慌地做某事
(2)
①Shoppers are panicked into buying things they don’t need.
购物者因恐慌，抢购一些他们并不需要的东西。
②I panicked when I saw smoke coming out of the engine.
我看见发动机冒烟时，吓得手足无措。
③She got_into_a_real_panic when she thought she’d lost the ticket.
她十分惊慌，以为自己已把入场券丢了。
guarantee vt.保证……免受损失或伤害；担保；n.保证；保证书
(朗文P919)Even if you complete your training，I can’t guarantee you a job.即使你接受完培训，我也不能担保你会有工作。
(1)guarantee to do sth./that...保证/担保做某事；确保……
guarantee sb.sth.保证某人某事
be guaranteed to do sth.肯定会做某事
(2)give sb.a guarantee (that)．..向某人保证……
under guarantee在保修期内
①(朗文P919)Going out with friends is guaranteed to cheer you up.和朋友一起出去玩肯定会让你高兴起来。
②(朗文P919)Can you give_me_a_guarantee that the work will be finished on time？你能向我保证工作会按时完成吗？
anxious adj.忧虑的，不安的
(牛津P75)She was anxious to finish school and get a job.
她渴望毕业后找份工作。21世纪教育网
(1)be anxious for/to do sth.渴望某事/做某事
be anxious (for sb.) to do sth.急于让某人做……
(2)be anxious about...为……担心/担忧
be anxious that...担心……(that从句采用should do
虚拟语气，should可以省略)
(3)
①My mother always gets_a_bit_anxious if we don’t arrive when we say we will.
如果我们不能在我们所说的时间到达，母亲总是有点焦虑。
②(新课标卷书面表达)I was told the Learning Center provides help for students and I’m anxious to get help from you.21世纪教育网
别人告诉我辅导中心可以给学生提供帮助，我急于想从您那儿得到一些帮助。
③I felt_anxious_about/was_anxious_about his safety when I heard the news of the train accident.
当我听到火车事故的消息时，我很担心他的安全。
④If you are worried about your health，share your anxieties with your doctor.
你要是担心自己的健康，就把自己的忧虑告诉医生吧。21世纪教育网
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．Mike and I picked up our things and__________________(挥手告别) Mrs Martin.
答案：　waved goodbye to
2．Small business owners____________________(惶恐不安) over whether they will survive.
答案：　are in a panic
3．Buying a train ticket two days ahead of time will usually________________ ____________(保证你有个好座位)．
答案：　guarantee you a good seat
4．It is reported that there are plenty of graduates________________(渴求工作)．
答案：　anxious for work
5．—How about eight o’clock outside the cinema?
—That____________________(适合) me fine.
答案：　suits
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2013·江西卷)She________the carpet with some very nice curtains in colour.
A．connected 　　 B．fitted
C．equipped D．matched
解析：　考查动词辨析。句意为：她把地毯和一些非常漂亮的窗帘在颜色上搭配起来。connect A with B把A和B联系/连接起来；fit A with B让A适合/适应B；equip A with B用B来武装/装备A；match A with B把A和B搭配起来(形成一种搭配)。根据语境应选D项。
答案：　D
2．When it comes to talking about football，his favourite sport，with David，any time will________him.
A．suit B．fit
C．match D．equal
解析：　考查动词辨析。既然是David最喜欢的运动，那么任何时间与他谈论足球他都方便。suit适合，符合语境。
答案：　A
3．(2014·温州二测)If you are invited to dinner，you are supposed to arrive not later than the________time.
A．appoint B．appointing
C．appointed D．appointment
解析：　考查非谓语动词。句意为：如果你被邀请去吃饭，你到达的时间不应该晚于约定的时间。空处为过去分词作定语，选C。
答案：　C
4．(2014·山东师范大学附中)Working hard is not a________of great success，but it is among the essential requirements.
A．sign B．signal
C．guarantee D．mark
解析：　考查名词词义辨析。句意为：勤奋工作不能保证你一定会取得巨大的成功，但它是取得成功的必要条件之一。由语意可知选guarantee保证。
答案：　C
5．(2014·山东省实验中学高三质检)—Why are you so hurried?
—My mother will get a bit________if I don’t get back on time.
A．ashamed B．eager
C．anxious D．patient
解析：　考查形容词词义。句意为：——你为什么如此匆忙？——如果我不能准时回去，我妈妈会有些担心。 ashamed惭愧的；eager渴望的；anxious忧虑的，担心的；patient耐心的。
答案：　C
6．(2011·湖北卷)“Tommy，run！Be quick！The house is on fire！” the mother shouted，with________clearly in her voice.
A．anger B．rudeness
C．regret D．panic
解析：　考查名词词义辨析。句意为：“汤米，快跑！快点儿！房屋失火了！”妈妈叫喊着，声音里明显带着“恐慌”。anger怒火，怒气；rudeness粗鲁；regret懊悔，遗憾；panic恐慌。D项符合语意。
答案：　D
make one’s way前往；获得成功
(2012·新课标全国卷任务型阅读)And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time，you’ll help yourself feel better even faster.如果当你经历一段困难的时光时你能保持积极的心态，你就会更快地让自己感觉好起来。
fight one’s way奋力前进
lose one’s way迷路
feel one’s way摸索前进
push one’s way挤出来
wind one’s way蜿蜒前进
①Look！Many children are making_their_way_to the beach.
看！很多孩子正往海滩走去。
②Without experience in it，we have to feel our way.
由于在这方面没有经验，我们必须摸索着前进。
③The Great Wall winds_its_way across north China like a huge dragon.长城像一条巨龙，在中国北方蜿蜒盘旋。
vary from...to...由……到……不等
教材原句P39：The land varies in height from 700 metres above sea level to over 2,000 metres and is home to a great diversity of rare plants and animals.这里地面的高度从海拔700米到2 000多米不等，是多种多样的珍稀动植物的生长地。
(1)
(2)various adj.各种各样的；多姿多彩的
(3)
①That her health varies from good to rather weak worries her family a lot.
她的身体有时很好，有时又比较虚弱，这让家人很是担忧。
②As in China，the climate in Canada varies，depending on the area.
正如中国一样，加拿大的气候也因地而异。
③Some guests arrived late at the party for_a_variety_of/various_reasons.因为各种理由，有些客人晚会迟到了。
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．开会前，他匆忙地浏览了一下报告。
Before the meeting，he______________the report.
答案：　glanced through
2．就像口语，身势语因不同的文化而变化。
Just like spoken language，body language______________________.
答案：　varies from culture to culture21世纪教育网
3．长白山是中国最大的自然保护区，是很多稀有动植物的家园。
Changbaishan is China’s largest nature reserve and __________________________a great diversity of rare plants and animals.
答案：　is home to
4．当我们到达那儿时，整座大楼已被烧光了。
The whole building had already been______________________when we got there.
答案：　burnt to the ground
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．Knowing that his brother is waiting for him at the station，he made his________there immediately.
A．way B．decision
C．judge D．preparation
解析：　考查短语make one’s way。该短语意为“到某地；向某地走去”。句意为：得知他的兄弟在车站等他，他立即前往那里。从题干中there一词可看出A项符合语境。
答案：　A
2．It is obvious that the hopes，goals，fears and desires________widely between men and women，between the rich and the poor.
A．transform B．strengthen
C．transfer D．vary
解析：　句意为：很明显男人和女人，富人和穷人在希望、目标、恐惧和欲望方面有很大的不同。vary between...and...由……到……的情况不等。transform使改观，使变形，使转化；strengthen(使)变强，加强，使更坚固；transfer转换。
答案：　D
3．If you want to________in the world，you must learn to work hard while you are still young.
A．make much of yourself B．make the way out
C．make you out D．make your way
解析：　根据语境应是“如果你想成功”，故选D。make one’s way除了可表示“到(某地)，(向某地)走去”之外，还可表示“成功；有出息”。make much of sb.重视；make sth.out看清；辨认清楚；make sb.out看透；弄懂某人。
答案：　D
The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study，but this being my first experience，I stayed at the top and watched them.
另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。
this being my first experience是独立主格结构。其主要的构成方式如下：
(1)独立分词结构：名称或代词主格＋分词
①The guide leading the way，we had no trouble getting out of the forest.向导领着路，我们毫不费劲地走出了森林。
②He walked into the classroom，his_head_lowered.
他低着头走进教室。
(2)名称或代词主格＋不定式
③More presents to be given，she will find it difficult to accept.
再多给她一些礼物，她就会觉得很难接受。
(3)名称或代词主格＋形容词(副词、名词、介词短语)
④There_being_no_one_else_to_turn_to，I had to come to see you.
我没有其他可以求助的人，只能来找你。
It is said that this boy，who had a great gift for language and persuasion，is the father of the Manchu people.据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先，具有语言天赋和很强的说服力。
It is said that...意为“据说……”，it为形式主语，指代that引导的从句。该结构还可以改变成sb.is said to do...结构。使用时注意不定式的一般式、进行式或完成式在结构上的变化。
①It is said that a new shopping mall will be built in the city next year.
→A new shopping mall is_said_to_be_built in the city next year.
据说该市明年要建一家新商场。
②It is said that a new shopping mall is being built in the city at present.
→A new shopping mall is_said_to_be_being built in the city at present.据说该市目前正在建一家新商场。
③It is said that a new shopping mall was built in the city the other day.
→A new shopping mall is_said_to_have_been_built in the city the other day.据说几天前一家新商场在该市落成了。
It is thought that...人们认为……
It is believed that人们相信……
It is hoped that...人们希望……
It is reported that...据报道……
It is well-known that...众所周知……
It is generally considered that...大家认为……21世纪教育网
It is supposed that...据推测
④It is believed that at least a score of buildings were damaged or destroyed.
人们相信，至少有20座楼房遭到破坏或彻底被摧毁。
⑤It is hoped that the terrible disease will soon be controlled.
人们希望这种可怕的疾病能迅速得到控制。
Ⅰ.句型转换
1．Because there was no bus，we had to take a taxi to go to the station.
→________ ________ ________ ________，we had to take a taxi to go to the station.
答案：　There being no bus
2．John is said to be one of the best teachers in the school.
→________ ________ ________ ________John is one of the best teachers in the school.21世纪教育网
答案：　It is said that
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2014·江苏南通二模)Carbon dioxide is said________the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.
A．to be heated B．to be heating
C．to have heated D．to have been heated
解析：　考查非谓语动词。句意为：据说二氧化碳正以先前所担忧的两倍的速度加热着地球。be said ＋to do意为“据说……”，Carbon dioxide与heat之间是主谓关系，而且heat这一动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，所以用不定式的进行式。
答案：　B
2．(2013·南昌二模)Nuclear radiation is said________the biggest health challenge in Japanese Earthquake over the past few months.
A．being B．to be
C．to have been D．that it is
解析：　考查非谓语动词。“sb./sth.＋be＋reported/said/believed/thought etc.＋to do sth.(＝It is/was＋reported/said/believed/thought etc.＋that...)”为常用句式，由此可排除A和D选项。且根据题干中的时间状语“over the past few months”可知，空格处应该使用不定式的完成式。
答案：　C
3．(2014·安徽江南十校摸底)Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world，________some living patterns，scientists say.
A．changes B．changed
C．changing D．change
解析：　考查非谓语动词。句意为：科学家们说，全球变暖正在影响着数百种的动植物并且改变了它们的一些生活方式。此处changing some living patterns作伴随状语。
答案：　C
4．(2013·鹰潭市二模)All the task________ahead of time，they decided to go on holiday for a week.
A．had been finished B．having been finished
C．were finished D．having finished
解析：　考查独立主格结构。句意为：所有的工作都已提前完成，他们决定去度假一周。本题为独立主格结构，task为finish的逻辑主语。句式分析：逗号后面为一完整句子，两句话之间没有任何连词，因此前面不能再为句子，故首先可排除A、C两项，又因为task与finish之间为被动关系，因此可排除D项。
答案：　B
5．(2014·银川一中第四次考试)The girl in the photo was smiling sweetly，________.
A．her long hair flowed in the breeze
B．her long hair was flowing in the breeze
C．her long hair flow in the breeze
D．her long hair flowing in the breeze
解析：　考查独立主格。句意为：照片中的女孩在甜蜜地微笑，长发在微风中飘扬。本句的后半句是独立主格结构，hair与flow之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故选D。
答案：　D
wave vt.波动；挥手；n.波浪；波涛
wave to向……挥手
wave goodbye to向……挥手告别21世纪教育网
Mike and I picked up our things and waved goodbye to Mrs Martin.迈克和我收拾好东西与马丁太太道了别。
evaluate vt.评估；评价；估计
evaluation n．估价；评价
make an evaluation of对……进行评估
They made an intensive evaluation of the health care program.
他们对医疗保健计划进行了深入的评估。
unconscious adj.失去知觉的；未察觉的
unconsciously adv.无意识地；不知不觉地
conscious adj.神志清醒的；自觉的；有意的
consciously adv.有意识地；自觉地
Perhaps，unconsciously，I’ve done something to offend her.
我也许无意中做了什么得罪她的事。
【写作素材】
1．与自然灾害，如台风、飓风、洪水、地震和火山等相比，人类很弱小。
2．岩浆流经之处，一切都被掩埋在熔岩下面。人们惊慌失措，为自己的安全而担忧。
3．消防队员赶到起火的地方。虽然他们尽一切努力灭火，但是许多房子都被烧毁了。
提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。
【连句成篇】
　　 Compared with natural disasters，such as typhoon，hurricane，flood，earthquake and volcano，humans are weak.Wherever the lava flows，everything is buried under the molten rock.People are in panic and anxious about their safety.The firemen make their way to the places on fire.Though they make every effort to put out the fire，many houses are burnt to the ground.
v．-ing形式
1．(2014·江西赣州适应性考试)To find a good job，I need to continue my education，________myself with rich knowledge.
A．equip B．to equip
C．equipping D．equipped
解析：　考查非谓语动词。句意为：为了找到一个好工作，我需要继续我的学业，用更丰富的知识来武装自己。分析题干可知，本句已有谓语动词need to continue，且逗号后无连词，故equip应用其非谓语动词形式来作伴随状语；又由于equip与其逻辑主语是主谓关系，故空格处应用现在分词一般式形式，即equipping，故答案选C。而不定式常作目的状语和结果状语，不作伴随状语，因此可排除B项。
答案：　C
2．(2014·江西宜春市模拟)The girl was occupied in doing his homework，only________once in a while to look out of the window.
A．stopping B．to stop
C．stopped D．having stopped
解析：　考查非谓语动词。句意为：那个女孩正忙着写作业，只是偶尔地停下来向窗外看一看。分析句子结构可知，逗号后为非谓语动词短语作伴随状语，且与逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词stopping。C项表示被动、完成，B项表目的，D项表示动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，均不符合语境，可排除。
答案：　A
3．(2014·福建质检)________a large salary rise already，Sarah is thinking of buying a new apartment.
A．Receiving B．Received
C．To receive D．Having received
解析：　考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，逗号前为状语，空格处与句子的主语是逻辑上的主谓关系，由此可排除表被动的B项。C项常作目的和结果状语，也可排除。A、D两项均可作状语，且表示主动，A项表示与谓语的动作同时发生，D项表示在谓语动作之前发生。根据句意可知，空格处的动作是先发生的，因此应该使用现在分词的完成式。
答案：　D
4．(2014·天津耀华中学模考)________the room，the nurse found the tape recorder________.21世纪教育网
A．Entering；stealing B．Entering；gone
C．To have entered；gone D．Having entered；to be stolen
解析：　考查非谓语动词和形容词。句意为：护士进入房间里发现磁带录音机不见了。主语the nurse与enter是主谓关系，第一空用现在分词形式；steal和the tape recorder是动宾关系，第二空应用过去分词形式。由此可排除A、C、D三项。gone在这里是形容词，意为“消失的”，故B项正确。
答案：　B
课时作业(三十)　Unit 5　The power of nature
(本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！)
第七讲　“深奥难懂”的词义猜测题
猜测词义不仅是一项阅读技巧，也是高考中考查阅读能力的一个方面。因此，掌握一定的猜词技巧对突破高考阅读理解和提高考生的英语语言运用能力都有非常重要的意义。
(2013·北京卷)
EP Portable Heater
We all know that the cost of heating our homes will continue to be a significant burden on the family budget.Now millions of people are saving on their heating bills with the EP portable heater.With over one million satisfied customers around the world，the new EP heats better and faster，saves more on heating bills，and runs almost silent.
The EP has no exposed heating parts that can cause a fire.The outside of the EP only gets warm to the touch so that it will not burn children or pets.
The EP will not reduce oxygen in the room.With other heaters，you’ll notice that you get sleepy when the heat comes on because they are burning up oxygen.
The advanced EP also heats the room evenly，wall to wall and floor to ceiling.It comfortably covers an area up to 350 square feet.Other heaters heat rooms unevenly with most of the heat concentrated to the center of the room.And they only heat an area a few feet around the heater.With the EP，the temperature will not vary in any part of the room.
The EP comes with a 3-year warranty (保修) and a 60-day，no questions asked，satisfaction guarantee.If you are not totally satisfied，return it at our expense and your money will be given back to you.
Now we have a special offer for 10 days，during which you can enjoy a half price discount and a free delivery.If you order after that，we reserve the right to either accept or reject order requests at the discounted price.
Take action right now![来源:21世纪教育网]
语篇解读　本文为应用文，是一则关于加热器的广告。
1．What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 2?
A．The heat of the EP.　 B．The safety of the EP.
C．The appearance of the EP. D．The material of the EP.
解析：　主旨大意题。这段主要介绍了此款加热器不会引起火灾、烧伤孩子或宠物，由此可知本段主要在讲加热器的安全性，故此题选择B项。
答案：　B
2．From the passage，we can learn that the EP________.
A．doesn’t burn up oxygen
B．runs without any noise
C．makes people get sleepy
D．is unsuitable for children and pets
解析：　细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句话“The EP will not reduce oxygen in the room.”可知此题选择A项。
答案：　A
3．The underlined word “evenly” in Paragraph 4 probably means________.
A．continuously B．separately
C．quickly D．equally
解析：　词义猜测题。根据本段内容可知，此款加热器可以很均匀地加热屋子而不像其他加热器那样只加热屋子中心部分，故此题选择D项equally平等地、均匀地。
答案：　D
4．The main purpose of the passage is to________.
A．persuade people to buy the product
B．advise people to save on heating bills
C．report the new development of portable heaters
D．compare the functions of different heater brands
解析：　推理判断题。全文一直在介绍加热器的优点，倒数第二段提到了打折，最后一段号召大家赶快行动，从这些方面都可以看出这篇文章的主要目的是鼓励人们买此产品，故选择A项。
答案：　A
1．通过构词法猜测词义。阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生、转化或合成的新词，考生可以依据构词法方面的知识来猜测词义。
2．通过同义、反义前后对比关系猜测词义。在生词所在的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或反义的词语，这时可根据熟悉的词语的含义推知生词的含义。
例如真题示例第3题，我们可利用前后对比法猜测词义。下文提到其他加热器只加热屋子中心部分，而此款加热器可以很均匀地加热屋子，故猜测“evenly”的含义为“equally”。
3．同义解释法
同义解释形式多样，有的利用下定义，有的利用or，that is (to say)，in other words，namely等引出后面的解释，有的利用破折号，同位语(从句)，定语从句或同义词、近义词等引出后面的解释。
4．通过上下文的联系猜测词义。
考生可以利用上下文提供的情景和线索进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，进而猜测词义。
5．通过经验及生活常识猜测词义。在做阅读理解题时，考生有时可以运用自身的实际生活经验及生活常识猜测词义。