Unit 2Robots单元知识点与考点精练精讲

Unit 2　Robots　
1．affair(n.)　　　　　　　事务；事情；暧昧关系
2．envy (vt.)　　忌妒；羡慕
3．desire(n.)　　　　　　　　　　渴望；欲望；渴求
(vt.)　　希望得到；想要
4．elegant(adj.)　　优雅的；高雅的；讲究的
5．accompany(vt.)　　陪伴；伴奏
6．bound(adj.)　　一定的；密切相关的
7．staff(n.)　　全体员工；手杖
8．divorce(n.)　　离婚；断绝关系
　　　(vt.)　　与……离婚；与……脱离
9．satisfaction(n.)满意；满足；令人满意的事物→satisfactory(adj.)令人满意的→satisfy(v.)使感到满意
10．alarm(vt.)使警觉；使惊恐；惊动；(n.)警报；惊恐→alarmed(adj.)担心的；害怕的
11．sympathy(n.)同情(心)→sympathetic(adj.)同情的；有同情心的→sympathize(v.)同情；怜悯
12．favour(n.)喜爱；恩惠；(vt.)喜爱；偏袒→favourable(adj.)赞成的；有利的→favourite(n.)最喜爱的人/物；(adj.)最喜欢的
13．declare(vt.)宣布；声明；表明；宣称→declaration(n.)宣言；公告；布告；告示
14．junior(adj.)较年幼的；资历较浅的；地位较低的；(n.)年少者；晚辈；等级较低者→senior(n.& adj.反义词)
15．talent(n.)天才；特殊能力；才干→talented(adj.)有才气的；有才能的
16．obey(vt.& vi.)服从；顺从→disobey(vt.& vi.反义词)
1．test_out　　　　　　　　　试验；考验
2．take_sth.seriously　　认真对待……
3．set_aside　　为……节省或保留(钱或时间)
4．be_bound_to　　一定做
5．ring_up　　给……打电话
6．leave...alone　　不管；别惹；让……一个人待着；
7．in_all　　一共；总计
8．be_pleased_with...　　对……感到满意
9．prevent_(from)_doing_sth.　　阻止……干
10．search_for 　　寻找；搜寻
21世纪教育网
1．What a sweet victory to be envied by those women!
受到那些女士的妒忌，这该是多么甜美的胜利！
名师指津：what＋a/an＋adj.＋n.＋谓语，引导感叹句。
例句仿写：小男孩骑自行车全速赶来。多么危险的场景！
The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle.What_a_dangerous_ scene_it_was!
2．As she turned around，there stood Gladys Claffern.
她刚一转过身来，就看到格拉迪斯·克拉芬站在那儿。
名师指津：当副词there，here，now，then位于句首时，句子要完全倒装。
例句仿写：来了一位老人，手里拿着一个拐杖。
There came_an_old_man，with a walking stick in his hand.
3．His name was Tony and he seemed more like a human than a machine.他的名字叫托尼，与其说他看上去像一台机器，倒不如说更像一个人。
名师指津：more...than...与其说……倒不如说……。
例句仿写：当她的小儿子再次对她说谎时，与其说她生气倒不如说她伤心。
She was more_sad_than angry when her little son lied to her again.
4．But even though Tony had been so clever，he would have to be rebuilt—you cannot have women falling in love with machines.
但是，尽管托尼如此聪明，他还得作一番改造——总不能让女人和机器相爱吧。
名师指津：can’t have sb.doing sth.不允许某人做某事。
例句仿写：我不允许你用那种粗鲁的方式跟你的妈妈说话。你必须立刻向她道歉。
I can’t_have_you_speaking_to your mother in a rude manner.You must apologize to her immediately.
5．It was disturbing and frightening that he looked so human.
机器人如此通人性，这使她觉得心烦和害怕。
名师指津：it是形式主语，that引导的从句是句子的真正主语。
例句仿写：莫言获得了诺贝尔文学奖真让人感到兴奋。
It_is_exciting_that Mo Yan has won the Nobel Prize in literature.
desire n．渴望；欲望；渴求；vt.希望得到；想要
(2013·陕西卷信息匹配)Pets satisfy man’s desire to care for a bit of nature.宠物满足了人类想照顾一点自然界的愿望。
(1)have a strong desire 
(2)
①(2012·湖南书面表达)I was so upset and depressed that I lost any desire for doing things and I could not even recall where and how I lost it.我很难过很沮丧什么都不愿意做，甚至回忆不起在什么地方、怎么丢的它。
②Each student in our class has a strong desire to_go_to_a_famous_university/for_ a_famous_university.
我们班的每个学生都有上名牌大学的强烈愿望。21世纪教育网
③As is known to us，everyone desires health and happiness.
众所周知，人人都渴望幸福、健康。
④We desire that immediate help be_given to the local villages who have been trapped by the flood.
我们渴望给予那些被洪水围困的当地村民们立即的救援。
favour n．喜爱；恩惠，帮忙；优惠；vt.喜爱；偏袒
(湖北卷)When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster，many teachers would prefer to see him step aside in favour of younger men.当被问及他们对校长的意见时，许多老师都希望看到他让位给年轻人。
(1)
(2)
①I’ll ask Steve to take it.He owes_me_a_favour.
我要请史蒂夫接受。他欠我一个人情。
②Will you do_me_a_favour and take this to the post office for me?
你可以帮我把这个拿到邮局吗？
③Most of them were in favour of my opinion while David was against it.他们大部分人赞成我的观点，而戴维反对。
accompany vt.陪伴；伴奏；附有；配有
教材原句P11：As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops，he wrote out a list of items for her.因为克莱尔不让托尼陪她去商店，所以托尼就给她写了份购物清单。
(1)
(2)keep sb.company陪伴某人
(3)companion n．同伴，伙伴
①Our trained leaders will accompany you and tell you everything you need to know.我们的带队人员受过培训，他们会陪伴着你，告诉你需要知道的一切。
②While she danced wonderfully on the stage，her mother accompanied_her_on_the_piano.
她在台上精彩地展示舞姿的同时母亲在为她钢琴伴奏。
③I’ll stay here and keep you company while your parents are on business.当你父母出差时我留下陪你。
declare vt.宣布；声明；表明；宣称
(朗文P523)The United States declared its independence from Britain in 1776.美国于1776年正式宣布脱离英国而独立。
declare sb./sth.to be宣布某人或某事
declare for/against表示赞成/反对……
declare war (on/against)(向……)宣战
declare sth.open/closed宣布……开始/结束
①We have time and time again declared that we will never be the first to use nuclear weapons.
我们一再声称我们决不首先使用核武器。
②When they asked him for his opinion，he declared strongly against the policy.
他们向他征求意见时，他声明强烈反对这项政策。
③The moment the 30th London Olympic Games was_declared_open，the whole world cheered.
第三十届伦敦奥运会一宣布开幕，全世界都沸腾了。
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．If your heart________________________(充满忌妒)，how can you appreciate the beauty around you?
答案：　is filled with envy
2．To be honest，I__________________________________(不同情她)，it’s all her own fault.
答案：　have no sympathy for her
3．In September 1939，Britain__________________________(向德国宣战) after Germany invaded Poland.
答案：　 declared war on German[来源:21世纪教育网]
4．I am ready to help others，because it can not only do others good but also give me________________________(满足感)．
答案：　a sense of satisfaction
5．The president appeared，__________________(陪伴) six strong body guards.
答案：　accompanied by
6．As far as I know，the little boy____________________(有很强的求知欲) for knowledge.
答案：　has a strong desire
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2014·桂林中学模拟)At the 2013 press conference the Chinese foreign minister________that China was strongly against the terrorism.
A．declared　　　　　　　 B．announced
C．told D．showed
解析：　考查动词辨析。句意为：在2013年新闻发布会上中国外交部长宣布中国强烈反对恐怖主义。declare的意思是正式宣布，一般指官方的正式宣布；announce也有“宣布”的意思，它一般指宣布或预告大家关心的问题；tell告诉；show表现。
答案：　A
2． (2014·南通二调)________by flowers and applauses does not necessarily mean one is living a happy life.
A．Accompanied B．Having accompanied
C．To be accompanied D．Being accompanied
解析：　考查非谓语动词。句意为：被鲜花和掌声陪伴不一定就意味着过着幸福的生活。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词mean，故空处应用非谓语动词，由于accompany与其逻辑主语one之间构成动宾关系，且动名词短语在句中作主语，故D项正确。
答案：　D
3．(2013·皖南八校第三次联考)—Do you believe that opportunities always________the prepared minds?
—I couldn’t agree more.
A．make B．change
C．keep 　　 D．favor
解析：　考查动词辨析。句意为：——你认为机会总是青睐有准备的人吗？——我非常同意这个说法。favor较喜欢，偏袒，符合语境。
答案：　D
4．(2013·南阳高三质检)Sometimes，while living in a foreign country，one________special dish from home.
A．longs B．desires
C．cooks D．brings
解析：　考查动词词义。long渴望，句型搭配为long for sth.；C，D两项不符合题意。desire渴望，想要，符合句意。
答案：　B
leave...alone不管；别惹；让……一个人待着；和……单独在一起
教材原句P12：She shouted “Leave me alone” and ran to her bed.
她高声嚷着：“让我独自待一会儿！”然后就跑上了床。
leave behind遗留；把……抛在后面；超过
leave aside搁置一边　　　　leave for...动身到……
leave out省略；遗漏　　　　 leave over留下；剩下21世纪教育网
①I’ve told you to leave_my_things_alone.Why can’t you leave me alone?
我已经告诉你别管我的事情。为什么你不让我一个人待着？
②He’s in a bad mood right now.We’d better leave him alone.
他现在情绪很坏。我们最好不要打搅他。
③It was careless of him to leave_out an important detail.
他真粗心，漏掉了一个重要细节。
set aside将……放在一边；为……节省或保留(钱或时间)
(牛津)For the benefit of our health，we should set aside some time for exercise every day.
为了身体健康，我们应该每天留出时间锻炼。
set about doing着手做某事
set down 停下来让(乘客)下车；记下；放下
set off出发；使……爆炸
set out出发；开始做某事
set up开办，建立
①You’d better set aside some money in case of future use.
你最好留出些钱来以备将来之用。
②I don’t want to set_down a series of facts in a diary as most people do.我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。
③I think we ought to set_off at 7∶00，while the roads are empty.我认为我们应该7点出发，趁那时道路畅通无阻。
ring up给……打电话
教材原句P11：When the clerk at the counter was rude to her，she rang Tony up and told the clerk to speak to him.当站柜台的售货员对她粗鲁时，她就打电话给托尼，让售货员同托尼说话。
(1)打电话给某人
(2)call/ring back回电话
(3)
①He rang up the police station for help.
他给警察局打电话求助。
②I have something important to say.Please hold_on_for_a_moment.
我有要事要说，请不要挂断电话。
③I was about to answer the phone when it was rung off last night.
昨天晚上我正要接电话，就在这时电话挂上了。
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．The moment I am informed the result，I will______________________(给你打电话)．
答案：　ring you up
2．I’m about to______________________(转身) and see who he is but my phone rings.
答案：　turn around
3．Her only fear was that her little son would____________________(让……一个人留下) in the world in case something happened to her.
答案：　be left alone
4．He______________________(将……放在一边) my suggestions and just went on with his plan.
答案：　set aside
5．You______________________(一定) achieve your dreams if you insist on them and try your best.
答案：　are bound to
6．We should______________________(认真对待顾客的要求) and try to meet them.
答案：　take the demands from customers seriously
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2014·福建质检)When chatting on the Internet by typing in English，you can________articles，subjects，etc.to make the sentences shorter.
A．get off B．leave out
C．turn in D．make up
解析：　考查动词短语辨析。句意为：当在网上用英语打字聊天时，你可以省略冠词，主语等，以使句子更短。leave out省略，符合句意。get off出发，下班；turn in上交；make up组成，化妆。
答案：　B
2．We’d better________when he is thinking，as he prefers to solve problems on his own.
A．wake him up B．keep him away
C．leave him alone D．call him up
解析：　由后半句说“他喜欢独自解决问题”可知前半句是说“当他思考问题的时候不要去打扰他”。leave sb.alone意为“不打扰某人；让某人独自待着”。而A项意为“把某人叫醒”；B项常用作keep sb.away from...，意为“使某人远离……”；D项意为“给某人打电话”。
答案：　C
3．(2014·临川一中模考)Most restaurants and cafes have________small no-smoking areas but won’t enforce the law.
A．set aside B．set out
C．set down D．set off
解析：　考查动词短语辨析。句意为：大多数餐厅和咖啡馆没有执行法律而是留出了小的无烟区。set aside留出，符合句意。set out动身；set down记下，登记；set off出发，动身。21世纪教育网
答案：　A
4．—Do remember to________me up at 7 o’clock in the morning on that day，or I will forget all about the party.21世纪教育网
—No problem.
A．lift B．bring
C．ring D．take
解析：　句意为：——那天早上七点钟一定要记得给我打电话，否则我会把聚会的事儿全忘了。——没问题。ring up给……打电话，符合句意。lift up提起；鼓舞；bring up培养；提出；take up占据；从事。
答案：　C
It was then that Claire realized that Tony had opened the curtains of the front window.也就在这时候，克莱尔才意识到托尼早就把前边窗户的窗帘拉开了。
强调句的用法：
(1)强调句的基本句型是“It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。
(2)强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前，特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that从句”。
(3)强调“not...until”引导的时间状语时，要用“It is/was not until...that...”结构，that后面的句子要用肯定式，且须用陈述句语序。
①(浙江高考)—I’ve read another book this week.
——这星期我又看了一本书。
—Well，maybe it_is not how much you read but what you read that counts.
——嗯，也许重要的不是你看了多少而是你看了什么。[21世纪教育网
②It was in the beautiful park that was located by the sea that we first met our new Chinese teacher.是在位于海边的美丽公园我们第一次遇见我们的新汉语老师。
③(2012·上海卷)—Was it by cutting down staff that she saved the firm?
—No，it was by improving work efficiency.
——是通过裁员她才挽救了公司吗？
——不，是通过提高工作效率。
④I don’t know what_it_was in the novel that made him burst into tears.我不知道是小说中的什么东西使他突然泪如泉涌。
⑤(2012·湖南卷)It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
直到我到这里我才意识到此地不仅因其美丽，更因其天气而闻名。
It was disturbing and frightening that he looked so human.机器人如此通人性，这使她觉得心烦和害怕。
(1)“It be＋adj.＋that从句”是固定句式，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。常见的形容词：strange/obvious/true/good/possible/likely/clear...
①(2010·上海书面表达)It’s_obvious that they are all putting up their hands voluntarily to answer questions.
很明显他们正在自愿地举手回答问题。
②It is necessary that we should apply theory to practice.
我们有必要理论联系实际。
(2)It be＋名词(短语)＋that从句
It is a fact that...事实是……
It is a pity (shame) that...遗憾的是……
It is good (bad) manners that...……是有(没有)礼貌的
It is no wonder that...……不足为奇
③It_is_a_pity_that Jan and George can’t make it to the party.
真可惜，简和乔治不能来参加这次聚会。
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．Nobody knows______________________________(到底是谁闯进房间) last night and stole the important papers.
答案：　who it was that broke into the house
2．________________________(一定会) he will come to Jenny’s birthday party.
答案：　It is certain that
3．As a teacher，I____________________________(不允许你考试作弊)．
答案：　won’t have you cheating in the exam
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2014·甘肃兰州名校高三阶段检测)It was while he was visiting his uncle in a mountain village________he got the inspiration for his new novel.
A．that B．which
C．when D．where
解析：　考查强调句型。句意为：他是在山村拜访他叔叔时，获得了新小说的灵感。分析句子结构可知，此处使用了强调句型，其结构为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他”，故选A。
答案：　A
2．(2014·苏锡常镇二调)—Was it because of his short-sightedness________he was turned down by the company?
—No，it was because of his poor performance.
A．when B．that
C．what D．how
解析：　考查强调句。句意为：——他是因为近视而被公司拒绝的吗？——不，是因为他的糟糕表现。分析句子成分可知，问句为强调句的一般疑问句形式，故选that。
答案：　B
3．(2014·宝鸡三检)—How unhappy your roommate looks!
—Yes，but he’s not willing to tell me what it is________is troubling him.
A．what B．which
C．as D．that
解析：　考查强调句。分析句子结构可知，此处为特殊疑问句的强调句式，其结构为“特殊疑问词＋is＋it＋that＋从句”，又因强调句在句中作tell的宾语，应用陈述语序。
答案：　D
4．Is________surprising how quickly children get used to a new environment?
A．it B．that
C．this D．they
解析：　考查主语从句。it是形式主语，真正的主语是how quickly children get used to a new environment。21世纪教育网
答案：　A
5．It is obvious to the students________they should get well prepared for their future.
A．as B．which
C．whether D．that
解析：　句意为：很明显，对学生来说，他们应该为未来做好准备。it是句子的形式主语，that引导主语从句，只起引导作用，不在从句中作任何成分。as和which不引导主语从句；whether引导主语从句，不在从句中作成分，但表示“是否”的意义。
答案：　D
envy vt.忌妒；羡慕；n.羡慕或忌妒的人或事物；羡慕；忌妒
envy sb.(for) sth.妒忌或羡慕某人某事
out of envy出于妒忌
How I envy him the pleasure he had during the vacation!
我多么忌妒他在假期间的快乐。
sympathy n．同情(心)
21世纪教育网
in sympathy with赞成；和……一致
out of sympathy出于同情
Out of sympathy for the homeless children，he gave them shelter for the night.出于对无家可归孩子的同情，他给他们提供了住宿。
satisfaction n．满意；满足；令人满意的事物
with satisfaction满意地
Having bought what she wanted，she left the supermarket with satisfaction.买到想要的东西，她满意地离开了超市。
【写作素材】
1．在数字时代，人人都渴望拥有一个机器人。
2．当你害怕时，它一定会陪伴着你直到你想一个人待着。
3．你上班时，它会服从你的命令记录下给你打电话的号码，甚至处理一些办公事务。
4．如果你有这么一个机器人，别人会羡慕你的。
提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。
【连句成篇】
Everybody desires to have a robot in the digital times.When you are alarmed，it is bound to accompany you until you want to be left alone.While you are at work，it obeys your order and sets down the numbers that ring you up，and even deals with some office affairs.
If you have such a robot，others will envy you.
被动语态
1．(2013·郑州第三次质量预测)—Linda，the phone in your office can’t be connected all the time.Why?
—Oh，sorry，Miss Miles.The service________since last Wednesday.
A．has been stopped B．has stopped
C．was stopped D．had stopped
解析：　句意为：——琳达，你办公室的电话一直不通，为什么？——噢，对不起，迈尔斯小姐。自从上周三以来，电话服务就被中止了。本题考查时态和语态。根据句意可知电话中止开始于过去，并持续到现在，故用现在完成时态，service与stop为被动关系，故答案为A项。
答案：　A
2．(2014·合肥一检)—Are these seats available?
—Sorry，sir.The seats________.
A．have reserved B．are reserved
C．reserved D．are reserving
解析：　考查动词的时态和语态。句意为：——这些座位可以坐吗？——对不起，先生，这些座位被预订了。根据句中的“Are”可知，这些座位被预订了是目前正处于的状态，又因为seats和reserve之间是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，答案选B。
答案：　B
3．(2013·湖南省重点中学5月联考)—What’s the matter with the door？It won’t________.
—Only when you push hard can it________anyway.
A．be opened；be opened B．open；open21世纪教育网
C．be opened；open D．open；be opened
解析：　考查动词的语态。句意为：——这个门怎么回事？打不开了。——只有用力推，它才能被打开。第一空前面有情态动词won’t，所以用主动表被动；第二空，can be opened表示“能够被打开”。
答案：　D
4．(2013·湘潭市二模)—Did you see the CEO in his office?
—Yes，he________by the journalist from BBC.
A．has been interviewed B．is being interviewed
C．had been interviewed D．was being interviewed
解析：　考查动词的时态与语态。由句中的“Did”及语境可知，空处应用过去时；且答话人看见CEO的时候，他正接受英国广播公司记者的采访。故要用过去进行时的被动语态。
答案：　D
5．(2014·江苏南通第二次学情调研)—The gas________on our way to the beach.
—That must have brought much trouble.
A．was given out B．has given out
C．had given out D．gave out
解析：　考查时态和语态。句意为：——在我们去海滩的路上，汽油用光了。——那肯定带来了不少麻烦。分析语境可知，动作发生在过去，叙述过去发生的事情，故应用一般过去时，排除B项和C项。give out作“用完”讲时，为不及物用法，故A项错误。
答案：　D