Unit 3Under the sea单元知识点与考点精练精讲

Unit 3　Under the sea　
1．witness(vt.)　　　　　　　　当场见到；目击
(n.)　　目击者；证人；证据
2．opposite(prep.)　　在……对面
　　　(adj.)　　相对的；相反的
3．pause(vi.& n．)　　暂停；中止
4．flee(vi.)　　逃避；逃跑
　(vt.)　　逃离
5．drag(vt.)　　拖；拉；扯
6．urge(vt.)　　催促；极力主张；驱策
7．target(n.)　　目标；靶；受批评的对象
8．vivid(adj.)　　生动的；鲜明的；鲜艳的
9．neat(adj.)　　<口>好的；整齐的；匀称的
10．annual(adj.)每年地；按年度计算的；(n.)年刊；年鉴→annually(adv.)每年地；年度地→anniversary(n.)周年纪念
11．accommodation(n.)住所；住宿→accommodate(v.)提供住宿
12．abandon(vt.)放弃；遗弃；抛弃→abandoned(adj.)放纵的；堕落的
13．reflect(vi.)思考；(vt.)映射；反射；思考→reflection(n.)映像；思考；反映
14．aware(adj.)意识到的；知道的→awareness(n.)意识
15．scare(vt.)恐吓；(vi.)受惊吓→scared(adj.)恐惧的；害怕的→scary(adj.)引起恐慌的
1．in_the_meantime　　　　　　　在此期间；与此同时
2．be/become_aware_of　　对……知道、明白；意识到……
3．(be)_scared_to_death　　吓死了
4．draw_near　　靠近
5．hold_up　　阻挡
6．help_(...)_out　　帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难
7．upside_down　　上下翻转
8．sort_out　　整理；分类；收拾
9．aim_at　　瞄准
10．be_about_to_do_sth.　　正要做某事
1．It was a time when the killer whales，or “killers” as they were then called，helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration.
那个时期，虎鲸(当时被称为“杀手”)帮助捕鲸人在每年须鲸迁徙时捕捉须鲸。
名师指津：It was/is a time when...曾经一度(那时)，when引导的是定语从句，修饰time。
例句仿写：她曾经无法忍受病痛，想结束自己的生命。
_It_was_once_a_time_when she could not bear the pain and wanted to kill herself.
2．The water was quite shallow but where the reef ended，there was a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor.海水是浅的，但是到了珊瑚礁的尽头，就有一个陡坡，一直下降到满是沙子的海底。
名师指津：where引导地点状语从句。
例句仿写：雨水和阳光充足的地方植物生长的好。
The plants grow well where_there_is_plenty_of_rain_and_sun.
3．This was the call that announced there was about to be a whale hunt. 21世纪教育网
这是宣告捕鲸行动马上就要开始的呼声。
名师指津：be about to do sth.表示打算或即将发生的动作，意为“正要做某事”。
例句仿写：当我们就要到达时，飞行员歉意地通知我们降落之前可能要稍微延误一点时间。
As we were_about_to_arrive，the pilot announced with apology that there would be a slight delay before setting down.
4．As we drew closer，I could see a whale being attacked by a pack of about six other killers.
走近一看，我发现原来是一头大鲸受到大约六头虎鲸的攻击。
名师指津：being attacked by a pack of about six other killers在句中作宾语补足语。
例句仿写：我看见杰克正在被警察带走，这使我非常吃惊。
I saw Jack being_taken_away by the police， which surprised me very much.
witness n．目击者；证人；证据；vt.当场见到；目击
(山东高考)The book was written in 1946，since when the education system has witnessed great changes.
这本书被写于1946年，它见证了自此以后教育的巨大变化。
(1)
(2)
①His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment.
他的身体健康证明这种疗法是成功的。21世纪教育网
②He witnessed to_having_seen the man enter the room.
他作证说看到那个男人进入房间。
③(牛津P2313)Police have appealed for anyone who witnessed the incident to contact them.
警方呼吁凡是目击这一事件的人与他们联系。
abandon vt.遗弃；抛弃；丢弃；放弃；中止；(与oneself连用)使放纵，使听任；n.放任；放纵
(2013·江苏卷完形填空)It was abandoned，full of broken glass and rubbish.这个地方废弃了，到处都是碎玻璃和垃圾。
(1)
(2)abandoned adj.无约束的；无度的；放荡的[来源:21世纪教育网]
①(2012·浙江卷)Peter had intended to take a job in business，but abandoned_that_plan after the unpleasant experience in Canada in 2010.彼得曾打算从事商务工作，但2010年在加拿大有了一次不愉快的经历后就放弃了那个计划。
②Those who abandon themselves to despair can’t succeed.
那些自暴自弃的人无法成功。
urge vt.催促；极力主张；驱策
(牛津P2223)The report urged that all children (should) be taught to swim.这份报告呼吁给所有的儿童教授游泳。
(1)
(2)urge that...极力主张，强调[从句谓语形式为(should)
＋动词原形]
It is urged that...坚决要求……[从句谓语形式为(should)
＋动词原形]
①Urged (on) by his parents，he decided to participate in the Math Olympic Competition.
在他父母的鼓励下，他决定参加数学奥林匹克比赛。
②He urged us to collect money for those who are in urgent need of food and clothes.
他敦促我们募捐来帮助那些急需食品和衣服的人们。
③It is strongly urged that the library should_be_kept_open during the vacation.他们极力主张图书馆假期也开放。
reflect vt.映射，反射；vi.& vt.思考
教材原句P24：I’m sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflecting on the day—a day of pure magic!
我坐在温暖的夜空下，手里拿着一瓶冷饮，回忆着当天的事情——这是神奇的一天！
(1)
(2)
①Just as the clothes a person wears，the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time，his house reflects his personality.对于一个人来说，就像他穿的衣、吃的饭以及与之度过时光的朋友一样，他的房子代表了他的个性。
②When the sun’s rays hit the earth，a lot of the heat is reflected back into space.太阳光线照射到地球时，大量的热被反射回太空。
③You should set aside some time to reflect_on_your_successes and failures.你应该留出时间反思你的成功和失败。
scare v．恐吓，惊吓，害怕；n.惊吓，恐慌，恐惧
(牛津P1778)It scared me to think I was alone in the building.
想到楼里只有我一个人，怪害怕的。
[来源:21世纪教育网]
(1)scaring adj.令人害怕的；吓人的
(2)scared adj.受惊吓的；感到害怕的
be scared of...害怕……
be scared to do...不敢做……
be scared to death吓死了
①Don’t worry about me—our guides will have guns with them to scare the animals away if they come too close.
你不要为我担心——我们导游都随身带枪，如果动物靠我们太近，导游将用枪把他们吓跑。
②The thieves got_scared and ran away immediately the moment they saw the police.小偷一看见警察就吓跑了。
③Scared of being attacked by the dog，the little girl stood there unable to move forward.
害怕受到狗的攻击，这个小女孩站在那里不敢往前动。
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．I urged that we ________________________________(立刻采取措施) to prevent such thing happening again.
答案：　(should) take immediate action
2．Hearing the sudden shot，the little boy______________________(几乎被吓死)．
答案：　was almost scared to death
3．The thieves have already ______________(逃离城市) so it is difficult for the police to arrest them.
答案：　fled the city
4．The past few years have______________________(见证了许多变化) in the small town.
答案：　witnessed quite a few changes
5．Years of school life has taught me a lot of things，of which____________________________(合作对我来说是最重要的)．
答案：　teamwork is the most important for me
6．This college organizes annual visits to China by groups of students in order to ____________________________(唤起他们的意识) of the importance and benefits of learning Chinese.
答案：　raise their awareness
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2014·湖南省部分重点中学联考)Chinese writer Mo Yan’s victory________the prosperity and progress of Chinese literature，as well as the increasing influence of China.
A．reflected B．reflects
C．were reflecting D．had reflected
解析：　考查动词的时态。句意为：中国作家莫言的胜利既是中国文学繁荣进步的体现，也是中国国际影响力不断提升的体现。根据句意可知应用一般现在时，故答案为B。
答案：　B
2．(2014·安徽合肥第一次教学质量检测)With economy developing at great speed，our city has________quite a few changes in recent years.
A．witnessed B．accumulated
C．arisen D．introduced
解析：　考查动词辨析。句意为：随着经济的快速发展，在最近几年我们的城市已经变化了很多。witness目击，见证；accumulate积聚，积累；arise出现，产生；introduce介绍。根据句意可知，答案为A项。
答案：　A
3．(2014·银川一中月考)I have________Tony to stay away from computer games before he becomes addicted to them.
A．urged B．suggested
C．made D．kept
解析：　考查动词词义。句意为：在托尼对电脑游戏上瘾之前我劝说过他远离电脑游戏。urge sb.to do sth.恳求/催促某人做某事，与句意相符。
答案：　A
4．(2014·绍兴一中高三质检)The government urged that every effort________to bring down house prices.
A．should make B．would be made
C．be made D．must be made
解析：　考查虚拟语气。句意为：政府督促要尽一切努力降低房价。urge后的宾语从句用should＋动词原形的形式，其中should可省略；宾语从句使用了make every effort to do sth.的被动形式。
答案：　C
5．—Because of the rain，we’ll have to________the football match.
—I’m free next Sunday if you would like to play then.
A．advance B．postpone
C．abandon D．advocate
解析：　advance前进；postpone推迟；abandon放弃；抛弃；advocate倡导。从because of the rain及后面的应答语可知B项正确。
答案：　B
help (...) out帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难；协助；使(某人)脱离困境
(牛津P955) When I bought the house，my sister helped me out with a loan.我买这所房子时，我姐姐借给我一笔钱解了急。
(1)
(2)cannot help doing sth.禁不住做某事
(3)help oneself (to sth.)自取，自用
(4)can’t help but do sth.不得不做某事
①As he is my best friend，when I am in trouble he will certainly help me out.
因为他是我最好的朋友，当我遇到麻烦时他肯定会帮我。
②She couldn’t_help_bursting_into_tears when she heard the news.
当她听到这个消息时，她情不自禁地哭起来。
③I’m sorry I can’t help you clean the house.21世纪教育网
对不起，我不能帮助你打扫房间。
be/become aware of对……知道、明白；意识到……
(2012·陕西阅读理解)However，it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices.
然而，重要的是要意识到这些危险，因为每个人不论选择什么样的生活方式都会接触到空气污染。
(1)be aware that-clause知道，体会到……
make sb.aware that...提醒某人注意……
make sb.aware of...使某人注意到……
as far as I’m aware据我所知
(2)
①Being_aware_of_your_own_weakness is probably the key to success.知道自己的缺点可能是成功的关键。
②What many parents are not aware is that they ignore what their children are longing for.
许多家长所没意识到的是他们忽视了孩子们在想什么。
③It is important that students develop_an_awareness_of valuing parents’ love.重要的是学生们要逐渐懂得珍惜父母的爱。
Ⅰ.选词填空
in the meantime；hold up；help...out；upside down；ahead of
1．The reason that they gave for being late was that they were________________________in a traffic jam.
答案：　held up
2．The conference will begin in an hour；____________________，let’s have a chat.
答案：　in the meantime
3．Being a qualified architect，he always finishes his project________________time.
答案：　ahead of
4．He didn’t listen to you and now is in trouble.Anyway，only you can________him________of the difficulty.
答案：　help；out
5．Looking for his lost magazine，the man turned the whole room__________________.
答案：　upside down
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．The passengers had a chat with the college students______as conductors during the summer vacation.
A．help out B．helped out
C．to help out D．helping out
解析：　本题考查非谓语动词。动词不定式作后置定语表示一个将要发生的动作，过去分词表示一个已经发生了的被动的动作，故B、C两项均不符合题意。句意为：旅客们同那几个在暑假临时帮忙充当列车员的大学生聊天。
答案：　D
2．—Do you work in this office?
—No，as a clerk in this office is on vacation，I’m just________here for about a week.21世纪教育网
A．hanging out B．working out
C．turning out D．helping out
解析：　句意为：——你在这个办公室工作吗？——不，这儿的职员休假了，我在这儿做帮手将近一周了。help out协助，援助；hang out闲荡，晾晒(衣服)；work out算出，解决，制订出；turn out结果(是)。
答案：　D[来源:21世纪教育网]
3．(2013·济宁检测)________of the urgency of the current situation makes him want to learn more.
A．Being aware B．Aware
C．To be aware D．Be aware
解析：　此题考查非谓语动词。v.-ing形式作主语。
答案：　A
The water was quite shallow but where the reef ended，there was a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor.海水是浅的，但是到了珊瑚礁的尽头，就有一个陡坡，一直下降到满是沙子的海底。
where...，there be...，意为“在……的地方，有……”，where引导地点状语从句。当where，wherever指具体地点时，从句可用于主句之前或之后；表示抽象条件的含义时，从句需放在主句之前。
①You’d better leave the medicine where_kids_can’t_get_it.
你最好把药放到孩子够不到的地方。
②The little girl who got lost decided to remain where she was and wait for her mother.
那个迷路的小女孩决定待在原地等她母亲。
③Where there is a will，there is a way.有志者，事竟成。
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．看到她躺在床上，腿上缠着绷带， 我们感到难过，并希望她早日康复。
__________________________with her leg wrapped in bandages，we felt sorry for her and hoped that she would recover soon.
答案：　Seeing her lying in bed
2．—Where do you plan to work?
—I’ve made up my mind to________________________(去最需要我的地方)．
答案：　go where I’m most needed
3．__________________________________(曾经有一段时期) I had no interest in study and wanted to drop out of school.
答案：　It was once a time when
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2014·安徽名校第一次联考)The huge shopping mall will be constructed________there used to be a school many years ago.
A．where B．what
C．in which D．which
解析：　考查状语从句。句意为：这个大型购物广场将会被建在很多年前是个学校的地方。where引导地点状语从句。
答案：　A
2．(2014·成都第一次诊断)Actually，the London Olympic Park is built________there used to be a poor area called East London.
A．what B．when
C．where D．why
解析：　考查地点状语从句。句意为：事实上，伦敦奥林匹克公园建立在一个过去叫东伦敦的贫穷地区。分析句子结构可知，空处引导地点状语从句且在从句中作地点状语，故用where。
答案：　C
3．________unemployment and crime are high，it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former.
A．Before B．Where
C．Unless D．Until
解析：　考查状语从句。句意为：在失业率和犯罪率高的地方，人们可以这样认为，是失业导致犯罪。根据上下文逻辑关系，可知应该用地点状语从句，故选B项。
答案：　B
4．(2012·山东卷)A number of high buildings have arisen________there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
A．when B．where
C．before D．until
解析：　考查引导状语从句的连接词。句意为：很多高楼在一年前还是废墟的地方拔地而起。where 引导地点状语从句；而 when，before 和 until 都引导时间状语从句。
答案：　B
target n．目标；靶；受批评的对象；vt.把……当作批评对象；以……为攻击目标；把……对准
Set yourself targets that you can reasonably hope to achieve.
给自己制定有望达到的目标。
opposite prep.在……对面；adj.相反的；相对的；n.相反的事物
in the opposite direction在相反的方向
be opposite to sb./sth.在某人/某物的对面
(2011·上海卷)The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of what others actually understand.
通过话语你企图传达的信息可能正好与其他人实际上理解的相反。
flee(fled，fled) vt.逃离；vi.逃避；逃跑
flee away逃跑
flee one’s duty/responsibility逃避责任
He fled to London after an argument with his family.
他与家人争吵以后离家去了伦敦。
【写作素材】
1．通过望远镜我目睹了一只鲨鱼被它的亲戚遗弃。
2．我恐惧地看到一些鲨鱼对它大叫，而一些鲨鱼则把它拽到深海。
3．没有其他鲨鱼来帮助它摆脱困境。
4．这件事对我触动很大，我体会到了生活的残酷。
提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。
【连句成篇】
I witnessed that a shark was abandoned by his relations through a telescope.I was scared to see some sharks were yelling at it，while some were dragging it into the depths of sea.No others were helping it out.It touched me a lot and made me realize that the life was so cruel.
v．-ing形式的被动语态
1．(2014·陕西五校一模)________to a top high school，as many parents believe，will guarantee their children a good university.
A．Admitted B．Admitting
C．Being admitted D．Having been admitted
解析：　考查非谓语动词。句意为：很多父母相信，被顶级中学录取能保证孩子们上一所好大学。根据句意可知，孩子们是被顶级中学录取，应用动名词的被动形式作主语。注意：having done形式不能作句子的主语。
答案：　C
2．(2014·云南师大附中月考)The new books________in the factory these days are mainly intended for children.
A．printing B．to print
C．being printed D．to be printed
解析：　考查非谓语动词。句意为：这些天工厂里一直在印的新书，主要是为孩子们设计的。分析句子结构可知，print与The new books是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词形式；又根据these days可知，此处表示这些天都在印这些新书。
答案：　C[来源:21世纪教育网]
3．(2014·呼和浩特统考二)—A traffic jam?
—Oh，no.________，the right side of the road is closed for the time being.
A．To be repaired B．Repaired
C．Being repaired D．Having repaired
解析：　考查非谓语动词。根据后半句“右侧路面暂时封闭”可知，道路正在修理，动词repair与逻辑主语the right side of the road之间为动宾关系，所以用现在分词的被动形式。
答案：　C
4．(2013·福建南平质量检查)You are so dependent that I’m afraid you can’t adjust yourself to________alone for a time.
A．leave B．leaving
C．be left D．being left
解析：　考查非谓语动词。主语You与leave是逻辑上的动宾关系；且adjust oneself to中的to为介词。综合可知，应选D项。
答案：　D
5．(2014·福州质检)The computer programs are a puzzle to me.The more I think of them，the more questions I think of________.
A．ask B．asked
C．being asked D．to ask21世纪教育网
解析：　句意为：计算机程序对我来说是个谜。越考虑，我觉得问题越多。题干中第二句采用了“The more...，the more...”句型。第二个the more形式可改为“I think of more questions________.”由此可知设空处需要用不定式作more questions的定语。[来源:21世纪教育网]
答案：　D