Unit 4Sharing单元知识点与考点精练精讲

Unit 4　Sharing　
1．concept(n.)　　　　　　　　观念；概念
2．relevant(adj.)　　有关的；切题的
3．remote(adj.)　　遥远的；偏僻的
4．adjust(vi.& vt.)　　调整；(使)适合
5．otherwise(conj.)　　否则；不然
(adv.)　　用别的方法；其他方面
6．arrangement(n.)　　安排；排列
7．purchase(vt.& n．)　　买；购买
8．anniversary(n.)　　周年纪念(日)
9．click(vt.& vi.)　　(使)发出咔嗒声
(n.)　　咔嗒声
10．security(n.)　　安全；保护；保障
11．participate(vi.)参与；参加→participation(n.)参加；参与→participant(n.)参加者
12．donate(vt.)捐赠→donation(n.)捐赠，捐款→donator(n.)捐赠者
13．voluntary(adj.)自愿的；志愿的；无偿的→volunteer(n.& vi.)自愿者；志愿者；自愿做……
14．distribute(vt.)分配；分发→distribution(n.)分布状态；分配；分发
15．operate(vi.)工作；运转；(vt.)操作→operation(n.)手术；运转→operator(n.)操作人员
1．hear_from　　　　　　　　　接收……的信
2．the_other_day　　不久前的一天
3．dry_up　　(指河流、井等)干涸
4．adapt_to　　适应
5．to_be_honest　　诚实的说[21世纪教育网
6．get_through　　通过
7．set_up　　建立；开张
8．(be)_dying_to_do　　极想；渴望做某事
9．dry_out　　(使浸水等之物)完全变干；干透
10．in_need　　在困难中；在危急中
11．come_across　　遇见
12．stick_out　　伸出
1．We walked for two and a half hours to get there—first up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.我们步行两个半小时才到达那里——先是爬山，爬到山脊能看到奇妙的景色，然后走下一个陡坡，一直走到下边的山谷。
名师指津：from where we had fantastic views是修饰a ridge的定语从句。
例句仿写：我们爬到山顶，在那儿我们可以一览整个城市。
We went up to the top of the hill，from_where we had a good view of the whole city.
2．To be honest，I doubt whether I’m making any difference to these boy’s lives at all.
说实在的，我真的不知道我教的课是否会让这些孩子的生活有所改变。
名师指津：doubt whether...怀疑是否……
例句仿写：我怀疑他们两天内能否完成这项艰巨的任务。
I doubt_whether they will finish the hard task in two days.
3．The gift you give is not something your loved one keeps but a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.
你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人留念的，而是给那些确实有生活需要的人的一项志愿性捐助。
名师指津：not...but...不是……而是……
例句仿写：能使一个人成为科学家的不是这些工具，而是他使用这些工具的方法。
It is not the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools that makes him a scientist.
adjust vi.& vt.调整；使适合
教材原句P30：The hut was dark inside so it took time for our eyes to adjust.小屋内很黑，因此我们的眼睛过了好一阵才适应过来。
21世纪教育网
(1)
(2)
①(2013·北京卷阅读理解)A man-made tail is created for Grace to adjust her way of swimming.
给小海豚Grace带上人造尾巴的目的是调整它的游泳方式。
②When a child is studying abroad，he must learn to adjust/adapt_to_living_on_his_own.
当孩子出国留学时，他必须学会适应独立生活。
③We have made an adjustment to our price and give you a special discount of 3 percent.
我们对价格做了调整，给你们百分之三的优惠折扣。
participate vi.参与；参加
教材原句P30：I loved listening to the family softly talking to each other in their language，even though I could not participate in the conversation.我喜欢听他们家人细声细气地用自己的语言交谈，尽管我不能参与谈话。
(1)
(2)participant n．参加者；共享者
(3)participation n．参与；分担；共享
①Students are encouraged to participate in the running of the college.学生们被鼓励参与学院的管理工作。
②More than 400 children participated in a clean-up the park.
400多个孩子参加了公园的清扫活动。
③All the participants in the debate will have an opportunity to speak.所有参加辩论的人都有机会发言。
privilege n．特权；特别优待
教材原句P30：It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe’s family.能与汤比一家度过一天的时间真是莫大的荣幸。
(1)
(2)
①Education should_not_be_a__privilege in the modern society for everyone has the right to do so.在现代社会中，不应该把教育看成一种特权，每一个人都有权利接受教育。
②Ladies and gentlemen，I have_the_great_privilege_of introducing our speaker for tonight.
女士们、先生们，我很荣幸地向大家介绍今晚的发言人。
③We are privileged to have a distinguished guest with us tonight.我们今晚有幸与一位贵宾在一起。
donate vt.捐赠；赠送
教材原句P34：Would you like to donate an unusual gift?
你愿意捐献一份不平常的礼物吗？
(1)donate sth.to sb./sth.向某人/事捐献某物
(2)
(3)donator n．捐赠者，赠送者
①As a volunteer，he recognized that donating_blood required very little work and virtually no pain while helping to save a life.
作为一个志愿者，他承认献血不是一件艰难的事情，几乎没有疼痛却有助于挽救生命。
②If most bread-winners donate a day’s pay to the Hope Project，then it will make a great difference.如果大多数挣工资的人把一天的所得捐给希望工程的话，那将意义重大。
③Charities appealed for donations of food and clothing for victims of the hurricane.
慈善机构呼吁为飓风的受害者们捐献食品和衣物。
operate vi.工作，运转；给……动手术；vt.操作
(2012·辽宁卷)This machine is very easy to operate.Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
这种机器很容易操作，任何人都可以在几分钟内学会使用。
(1)
(2)
①The doctor said that the patient had to be_operated_on at once，which made us all worried.
医生说这个病人必须立刻做手术，这使我们都非常担心。
②For most people，it’s almost impossible to operate a computer without a mouse.
对大多数人而言，没有鼠标几乎无法操作电脑。
③People were trapped between floors because the lift didn’t_operate_properly.由于电梯运转不正常，人们被困在了楼层之间。
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．Jim didn’t prepare ahead of time.What he said______________________________(与我们的讨论无关) at all in the meeting.
答案：　was not relevant to our discussion
2．The retired man__________________________(把大部分积蓄捐给了) to the school damaged by the earthquake.
答案：　donated most of his savings
3．The war may come to an end soon because both sides want______________ ________________________________________(加入和平会谈)．
答案：　to participate in the peace talks
4．In order to meet everyone’s need，I ________________________(做……调整) to the design.
答案：　made a few adjustments
5．______________________(有幸) to perform on the same stage with such a super star.
答案：　It was a privilege
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．The government will force companies to________any possible measure to reduce PM2.5 in the air in 2014.
A．adjust B．adopt
C．adapt D．accept
解析：　考查动词辨析。句意为：在2014年政府会迫使公司采取任何可能的措施来减少空气中PM2.5的含量。adopt采用，采纳，收养，符合句意。adjust调整，适应；adapt适应；改写；accept接受。
答案：　B
2．(2014·海口高三质检)To be honest，it took me more than a month to________myself________the new school life.
A．adopt；to B．adjust；to
C．adapt；into D．suit；for
解析：　adjust...to调整，使适合。句意为：老实说，我花了一个多月时间才适应新学校的生活。adapt与to搭配；adopt采纳，收养；当suit表示“使适合”时，与to搭配。
答案：　B
3．(2013·南京三模)It is unfair that one can enjoy________just because he or she is rich or powerful.
A．privilege B．possession
C．principle D．position
解析：　考查名词辨析。句意为：一个人仅仅因为有钱或者有权就可以享有特权是不公平的。privilege(有钱有势者)的特权，特殊待遇，符合句意。possession拥有，个人财产；principle原则；position位置，职位。
答案：　A
4．A local woman has given her nine-month baby a second life by________part of her liver on Sunday.
A．distributing B．giving
C．supplying D．donating
解析：　考查动词词义辨析。句意为：星期天，一位当地妇女通过捐赠自己的部分肝脏给了她九个月大的宝宝第二次生命。supply意为“供应(所需要，所要求的)”；distribute意为“分配，散发”；give意为“给予”，为一般词汇，一般接双宾语；donate意为“捐赠”。
答案：　D
5．Students in our school are encouraged to________more activities after class in order to broaden their knowledge.
A．attend B．join
C．take part D．participate in
解析：　participate in＝take part in表示“参加集体活动”的意思。
答案：　D
6．The new drug began to________not long after it was taken.
A．operate B．operate on
C．help D．work on
解析：　句意为：这种新药在服用后不久就起作用。operate在此意为“起作用”；operate on做手术；work on继续工作，影响。help起作用，但是结构不正确。
答案：　A
(be) dying to do sth.渴望做某事
教材原句P29：I know you’re dying to hear all about my life here，so I’ve included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about.我知道你急于了解我在这儿的生活情况，我在信中附有几张照片，能够帮助你想像出我所谈到的地方。
(1)be dying for sth.渴望得到某物
(2) 想要……，渴望……
①When will the result of the exam be announced？The students are_dying_to_know it.
考试结果什么时候公布？学生们渴望知道结果。
②The child wants to return to school because he is thirsty for knowledge.那个孩子想回到学校，因为他渴望知识。21世纪教育网
③Mike is eager to stay away from the busy city life for a while.
迈克渴望离开繁忙的城市生活一段时间。
come across偶然遇到或发现，碰见
(2011·天津卷)She came across an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store.
昨天她在百货商店购物的时候偶遇一位老朋友。
21世纪教育网
(1)
(2) 偶然遇见
①I often help my friends if they come across some difficulties in English.
如果我的朋友在英语方面遇到什么困难，我经常帮助他们。
②The new law has come into effect in 2014，which will surely have an effect on industry of the country.2014年新的法律已经生效，它肯定会对这个国家的工业产生影响。
③No matter what difficulty you will meet with，carry_out_your_plan.不管你遇到什么困难，都要执行计划。
in need在困难中；在危急中
(牛津P1338)The charity aims to provide assistance to people in need.这个慈善机构的宗旨是向贫困者提供帮助。
in need of需要
There is no need for sth.不需要某物
There is no need for sb.to do sth.某人没有必要做某事
21世纪教育网
①As the saying goes，a_friend_in_need is a friend indeed.
常言道，患难见真情。
②Deeds are better than words when people are in need of help.
当人们需要帮助时，行动比话语更好。
③There_is_no_need_to regret what has happened.
没必要为已经发生的事感到后悔。
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．It’s clear that the young American man________________________________(渴望学汉语) from you.
答案：　is dying to learn Chinese
2．The small brook nearly______________________(干涸) because it hadn’t rained for months.[来源:21世纪教育网]
答案：　dried up
3．Faced with so much trouble，I am__________________________(需要你的帮助)．
答案：　in need of your help
4．In summer，water the plants regularly and never let the soil__________________(干透)．
答案：　dry out
5．Don’t refer to a dictionary every time you____________________(偶然遇到) an unknown word.
答案：　come across
6．Being abroad for so many years，I always look forward to____________________(收到家人的信)．
答案：　hearing from my family
Ⅱ.单项填空21世纪教育网
1．(2014·日照模拟)When reading English novels，I often________some idiomatic expressions that I can’t understand.
A．come across B．go over
C．get across D．take over
解析：　考查动词短语辨析。句意为：在读英文小说的时候，我通常会碰到(come across)一些我不懂的习惯用语。go over复习，重温；get across使……被理解；take over接管，接收。根据语境可知答案选A项。
答案：　A
2．(2013·福建泉州四校第二次联考)Hearing the news of the flood，thousands of people donated money and food to the children________.
A．in need B．in vain
C．in common D．in particular
解析：　考查介词短语辨析。句意为：听到有关洪水的消息，成千上万的人给这些贫困的孩子们捐赠现金和食品。in need意为“缺(食物或钱)”，符合句意。in vain徒劳无益，in common；公有，共有；in particular尤其，特别，均不符合句意。
答案：　A
3．These people from different backgrounds and with different personalities could have quarreled with each other，but actually，they spent the year together________.
A．in danger B．in trouble
C．in peace D．in need
解析：　句意为：来自不同背景和有不同个性的人们本来会彼此争吵，但实际上他们在过去的一年里相处得很好。A项“在危险中”，B项“在麻烦中”，C项“处于和平中”，D项“需要”。
答案：　C
4．Jack failed to seek a job for his poor education，though he was________to get one to support his family.
A．dying B．looking forward
C．fighting D．wanting
解析：　句意为：杰克因为文化程度低而没有找到工作，尽管他渴望找一份工作养家。be dying to do sth.渴望做某事，符合句意。
答案：　A
We walked for two and a half hours to get there—first up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep slope to the valley below.
我们走了两个半小时才到了那儿。先爬到了一座山的山顶，从那儿我们欣赏到了优美的风景，然后又沿着陡峭的山坡到了下面的山谷。
from where引导的定语从句修饰a ridge，关系副词where前一般不加介词，但from where却是个例外。
①China is the birthplace of kites，from_where kiteflying spread to Japan，Korea and India.21世纪教育网
中国是风筝的故乡，从那里放风筝传到了日本、朝鲜和印度。
②Alice stood at the window，from where she could watch her classmates playing football.
艾丽斯站在窗户旁边，从那里她可以观看同学们踢足球。
The gift you give is not something your loved one keeps but a contribution toward the lives of people who really need it.你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人留念的，而是给那些确有需要的人一项捐助。
not...but...意思是“不是……，而是……”，连接两个表语。
not...but...连接两个平行成分，当连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数按“就近一致”原则确定。
①(2011·陕西卷)It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do that benefits our work most.
能给我们工作带来最大益处的不是我们做了多少，而是我们对于自己所做的事情付出了多少爱。
②(湖南卷书面表达)I realize the secret to success is not when or where you were born，but what you are doing and how you do it in your life.
我意识到成功的秘诀不是你什么时间在哪里出生的而是由你在生活中所做的事情以及你怎样做这些事情决定的。
not only...but (also)，either...or...，neither...nor...连接两个主语时，谓语动词按“就近一致”原则确定。as well as连接主语时，谓语动词按“就前一致”原则确定。
③Not he but you are_wanted_on the telephone.
电话找的是你不是他。
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．不是你是谁而是你为这个社会做了什么是重要的。
____________who you are________what you have done for the society ________matters.
答案：　It is not；but；that
2．他们爬上了塔顶，从那里他们能看到远处正在发生的事情。
They climbed to the top of the tower，______________________what was happening in the distance.
答案：　from where they could see
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(江苏高考)It is often said that the joy of traveling is________in arriving at your destination________in the journey itself.
A．/；but B．/；or[来源:21世纪教育网]
C．not；or D．not；but
解析：　句意为：我们常说旅游的乐趣不在于你最终到达的目的地，而在于旅行途中。not...but...不是……而是……，连接两个并列成分。
答案：　D
2．After supper，he usually stood near the window，________he could see the tower，the tallest building in this city.
A．from which B．on which
C．on where D．from where
解析：　考查定语从句。句意为：晚饭后，他通常站在窗户旁，从那里他能看见塔，那是这座城市里最高的建筑。from是比较特殊的介词，后面可以接另外一个介词，比如from behind the door，接定语从句时就用from where，本句中from where＝from near the window。
答案：　D
arrangement n．安排；排列
make arrangements for为……做好准备；为……做好安排
I have made arrangements for my journey to England.
我已准备好了到英格兰去旅行。
relevant adj.有关的；切题的
be relevant to与……有关
(2011·安徽书面表达)When I am faced with a difficulty，I usually choose to refer to relevant learning materials or Web pages.
当遇到困难时，我经常参阅一些相关的学习材料或搜寻相关网页。
otherwise adv.用别的方法；其他方面；除此之外；conj.否则；不然
I had a bad cold，otherwise I would have visited more experts who are famous in the financial industry last week.
上周我得了重感冒，否则我会拜访更多在金融领域享有盛名的专家。
【写作素材】
1．几天前，一个偏远地区遭遇洪灾。
2．很多人为困境中的人们捐款。
3．很多志愿者也参与到救援工作中。
4．还有些人为他们买了必需品。
5．事实上，大家都渴望为他们做点什么。
提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。
【连句成篇】
The other day，a remote area was hit by floods.Many people donated for people who were in need and many volunteers also participated in the rescue work and others purchased necessities for them.Actually，everyone was dying to do something for them.
限制性定语从句
1．(2014·福建南平毕业班质检)It is exactly the area________racial conflicts arise now and then.
A．where B．that
C．which D．why
解析：　考查定语从句。句意为：这儿正是不时出现种族冲突的地区。分析句子成分可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the area，并在从句中作地点状语，故用where。
答案：　A
2．(2014·太原二模)With the fast development of agriculture，the people________village she taught 10 years ago，have lived a happy life.
A．who B．whose
C．in which D．in whose
解析：　考查定语从句。句意为：随着农业的快速发展，她10年前教书的那个村庄的村民们已经过上了幸福生活。根据句意可知，先行词people与village之间是所属关系，而且village在从句中作地点状语。
答案：　D
3．(2014·启东中学模考)We attend lectures in the school lecture hall at the weekend________seats more than 800 students.
A．which B．whose21世纪教育网
C．where D．when
解析：　考查定语从句。句意为：我们周末在能容纳800多名学生的学校演讲大厅里听讲座。分析句子成分可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为the school leture hall且在从句中作主语，因此用which引导。
答案：　A
4．(2014·江西临川一中月考)I am no longer allowed to smoke in any room________he might use.
A．where B．who
C．with which D．that
解析：　考查定语从句。句意为：我不再被允许在他可能使用的任何房间内吸烟。分析句子成分可知，空处引导定语从句。此处room是先行词，作use的宾语，故选D。
答案：　D
5．(2014·沈阳四校联考)The time is not far away________modern communications will become widespread in China’s vast countryside.
A．as B．when
C．until D．before
解析：　考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词The time，且在定语从句中作状语，所以用when引导。此题的先行词与定语从句被主句谓语分开，要善于辨别。
答案：　B